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Watts Malouchos, Elizabeth, and Carey Champion. "Exploring Heritage Archaeology at Indiana University." Museum Anthropology Review 15, no. 1 (September 13, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/mar.v15i1.30846.
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This article is an overview of a collaborative Indiana University (IU) Bicentennial Project designed to explore and raise awareness of the cultural heritage on IU’s historic Bloomington campus, protect the university’s archaeological resources, contribute to its teaching and research mission, and enhance documentation and interpretation of its historic house museum. The primary project partners were IU’s Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and the Wylie House Museum, a unit of IU Libraries. Using state-of-the art remote sensing methods and traditional archaeological excavations, the project sought to locate the buried subterranean greenhouses at the home of first university president, Andrew Wylie. Historical research focused on the position of the Wylies and IU in the development of the city of Bloomington, particularly on the transition from subsistence farming in the mid-19th century to the development of leisurely gardening and floriculture later in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Through campus archaeological field school opportunities, internships, talks, exhibits, presentations on campus, and outreach opportunities throughout the university and Bloomington communities, the project contributed to the IU curriculum and promoted a better understanding of IU’s cultural heritage. Importantly, this campus archaeology project provided a unique opportunity to pursue place-based education and experiential learning that connected students, university, and community stakeholders to their local heritage.
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Collins, Tom, and Daniel Overbey. "LEVERAGING THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SOLAR DECATHLON DESIGN CHALLENGE AS A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENT-LED ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECTS TO ADDRESS CONTEXT-SPECIFIC SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, HOUSING AFFORDABILITY, AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.15.4.201.
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ABSTRACT This paper discusses the context, pedagogical approach, and design outcomes of two net-zero energy residential design projects completed by graduate architecture students as part of a comprehensive design studio course and submitted to the 2018 and 2020 USDOE Race to Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge competition. The competition aims to give students real-word experience designing high-performance buildings by encouraging collaboration, involving community partners, and requiring a high degree of technical design development. Working within the competition parameters, two teams at Ball State University worked with outside partners to identify vacant/abandoned homes as a significant problem for rust-belt Indiana communities, and then focused their design efforts on high-performance retrofits of two blighted homes in Muncie and Indianapolis. Each project will be described in detail and the implications of the 2018 project on the 2020 project will be addressed. This paper will demonstrate that adaptive reuse projects can be used to engage students in context-specific challenges and to meet stringent high-performance design targets and thresholds. (162)
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Logan, Ryan I. "“Let the Horse Run”: Assessing the Potentiality, Challenges, and Future Sustainability of CHWS in Indiana." Practicing Anthropology 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.40.3.40.
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Abstract The use of community health workers (CHWs) as distinct members of the health care workforce has waxed and waned throughout the last fifty years in the United States. As medical laypersons that are often members of the communities they work within, CHWs are poised to create significant health impacts through their primary roles as health educators, advocates, and by serving as a bridge to the biomedical realm for marginalized communities. While several states have well-established CHW programs, many have not integrated CHWs into their workforce. This article outlines several applied findings from a dissertation project in Indiana, a state on the cusp of introducing legislation and CHW development to further implement this position into the health care workforce. The applied findings discussed in this article include the potentialities, challenges, and future sustainability of CHWs following eleven months of fieldwork and fifty semi-structured interviews.
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Gubner, Jennie. "The Music and Memory Project: Understanding Music and Dementia through Applied Ethnomusicology and Experiential Filmmaking." Yearbook for Traditional Music 50 (2018): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5921/yeartradmusi.50.2018.0015.
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“Music lifts my spirits, I'm not the same guy leaving as when I come to begin with. It's kind of a floating feeling, I feel good, I feel drunk with fun!”- Daryl, participant of the Music and Memory Project“Music is like medicine… No, music is better than medicine!”- Martha, participant of the Music and Memory ProjectIn Spring 2017, I designed and taught a filmmaking and service-learning course in the Indiana University (IU) Bloomington Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology called “Music and Memory: Studying Music & Alzheimer's Through Film.” This ongoing project is set in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and adult day programmes for individuals with age-related neurocognitive disorder, commonly referred to as dementia. In the course, undergraduate students learn to make personalized iPod music playlists for older adults living with Alzheimer's and other related dementias, and to document their experiences through short films intended for online public circulation; At a time when dementia has been flagged as one of the fastest growing global health priorities, applied ethnomusicology courses about music and aging provide dynamic interdisciplinary spaces where college students can gain knowledge, experience, and skills to creatively address these challenges in their families, communities, and careers.
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Fu, Steven S., Kristine L. Rhodes, Christina Robert, Rachel Widome, Jean L. Forster, and Anne M. Joseph. "Designing and Evaluating Culturally Specific Smoking Cessation Interventions for American Indian Communities." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16, no. 1 (July 26, 2013): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt111.
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Abstract Introduction: American Indians have the highest smoking rates in the United States, yet few randomized controlled trials of culturally specific interventions exist. This study assessed American Indians’ opinions about evidence-based treatment and attitudes toward participating in clinical trials. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted based on smoking status (current/former smoker), sex, and elder status (55 years and older or younger). Meetings were held at local American Indian community organizations. This project was accomplished in partnership with the American Indian Community Tobacco Projects, a community–academic research partnership at the University of Minnesota. Thematic qualitative data analyses were conducted. Results: Participants desired the following: (a) programs led by trained American Indian community members, (b) the opportunity to connect with other American Indian smokers interested in quitting, and (c) programs promoting healthy lifestyles. Strategies desired for treatment included (a) free pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (b) nominal incentives, e.g., gift cards for groceries; and (c) culturally specific program components such as American Indian images, education on traditional tobacco use, and quit-smoking messages that target the value of family and include narratives or story telling in recruitment and program materials. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence, such as salivary cotinine or carbon monoxide breathalyzers, is likely acceptable. Standard treatment or delayed treatment control groups were viewed as potentially acceptable for randomized study designs. Conclusions: Rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials of culturally specific smoking cessation interventions are sorely needed but will only be accomplished with the commitment of funders, researchers, and collaborative trusting relationships with the community.
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Shubham, Shubham, Vinay Kumar Kalakbandi, and Shashank Mittal. "POSCO’s great Indian fiasco." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2018-0014.
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Learning outcomes The case may give students experience with the types of a situation they may encounter when running their own companies or serving as consultants in terms of identifying relevant information and appropriate approaches to dealing with local communities in projects involving the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. The case encourages students to critique the strategy of a firm in managing their different stakeholders. The case may also enhance their understanding of the “new” roles expected of corporations when engaging in projects involving local communities in developing countries. The case can be used to promote awareness of the social and environmental impact of industries associated with the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. Within developed or developing countries, master’s students are often employed by multinational corporations, many of which operate in natural resource industries. A greater understanding of the economic, social, and environmental challenges inherent in corporate social responsibilities programs in these industries may enhance their ability to deal with such situations. Such students are also increasingly likely to find work with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) helping local communities deal with largescale projects and confront major corporations. Case overview/synopsis The case is about the POSCO-India’s project to build 12 MTPA integrated steel plant in the Indian state of Odisha in 2005. The case presents the history of the project, recognizing the different stakeholders groups, the perspectives and interests of different stakeholders groups, the various actions taken by POSCO-India, and the results of the various engagement efforts of POSCO to develop the project. The case deals with the perspective of POSCO-India, Government of Odisha (GoO) and the local community getting affected by POSCO’s project on the issues of social, environmental, and economic sustainability. The case also discusses POSCO’s effort to engage with the local community and state government. The case tries to analyze the issues that come with developing big infrastructure projects. The case provides a framework for evaluating the complexity in engaging with the different stakeholder groups. The paper uses a framework for analyzing stakeholders based on their power, legitimacy, and urgency of their claims. The case will also demonstrate the complex institutional set-up in emerging markets and due to which sometimes it becomes difficult for organizations to implement such exploration projects to fulfill their social and environmental commitments. Finally, the case helps students to explore the implications of large-scale industrial projects especially in developing countries and analyze critically the corporate-society relationship. Complexity academic level The case was developed for master’s level course in business strategy, consulting, business policy, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility, business ethics, and corporate sustainability in a 90 minutes session. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Carron, Rebecca, Sarah Kooienga, Esther Gilman-Kehrer, Ruben Alvero, and Diane K. Boyle. "Using the Medicine Wheel Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in American Indian Women." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 33, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.33.3.246.
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Developing a nursing research project with American Indian tribes and navigating the institutional review board approval process can appear daunting to investigators because of tribal research requirements in addition to academic requirements. Nurse investigators conducted a research project exploring experiences of American Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. After successful implementation of the project, a model emerged to guide researchers working with tribal communities through project development and the institutional review board process. The model is based on the American Indian medicine wheel with each quadrant aligned with a season of the year: spring, summer, fall, and winter. The seasonal approach divides project development into sections that can be developed independently or simultaneously. The model emphasizes collaborative relationships between the research team and tribe. Researchers can adapt and customize the model for their projects based on their objectives and targeted populations. The purpose of this article is to describe the medicine wheel model and, as an exemplar, demonstrate application of the model in a project involving American Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, potential implications of the model for nursing research, education, and practice are presented.
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Diduck, Alan Paul, and Andrew John Sinclair. "Small Hydro Development in the Indian Himalaya : Implications for Environmental Assessment Reform." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 18, no. 02 (June 2016): 1650015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333216500150.
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India is promoting the vast hydropower potential of the Himalayan region, and the northern states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh are encouraging small, medium and major hydro projects. Our research examined the approval processes for small hydro in these states with a view to making recommendations for policy improvements. We describe local understandings of project impacts, review public participation in project approvals, and discuss extending the national environmental assessment law to small hydro. We used a retrospective case study of three hydro projects, semi-structured qualitative interviews, a review of policy and project-specific case documents, and field observations. We found that residents of affected communities held similar views respecting the positive and negative impacts these projects might have, whether the impacts occurred or not. We canvassed predicted impacts such as job creation, increased access to electricity, improved local infrastructure, loss of cultural assets, and removal of trees. Further, the case study revealed opportunities for earlier, more decentralized, and more active participation in small hydro approval processes. We conclude that the legal exemption for small hydro has left an important gap in India’s environmental assessment regime. Improved project-level assessments, catchment-based cumulative effects assessments, and better local involvement are needed for small hydro development.
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Settee, Priscilla, and Shelley Thomas-Prokop. "Community University Research Agreement." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, S1 (2007): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100004683.
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AbstractThis paper describes the process of engaging the extended Indigenous community within Saskatoon and the surrounding First Nations communities in what would be a first major research project between Indigenous communities and the University of Saskatchewan. A management committee was established comprised of all the major Saskatoon/Saskatchewan Indigenous organisations, such as the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians, Saskatoon Tribal Council, First Nations University of Canada and other community-based groups to ensure that research reflected First Nations and Metis needs. The project called “Bridges and Foundations” awarded some 35 projects close to two million dollars in research funds. The money was awarded through graduate student research bursaries, and community-based projects which highlighted the needs of Indigenous women, youth, students, elders and urban populations. The three research themes included respectful protocol, knowledge creation, and policy development. The research projects, which were largely Indigenous designed and driven, created one of the most extensive research collections over a period of four years and included major data collection on community-based research, Indigenous peoples and Indigenous knowledge systems and protocols. The paper relates the development of the project and speaks about the need for Indigenous peoples to lead their own research as well as the benefits of collaboration. It also highlights several of the research projects including a conference on Indigenous knowledge (2004), a video project describing the community mobilisation process behind Quint Urban Housing Co-operatives,
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Bhuller, Sharan. "Dedicated researcher brings cancer care to rural communities." Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, no. 5 (October 29, 2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i5.180.
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<div>As an ardent cancer researcher, Dr. Smita Asthana has a vision to create wider awareness on cancer and its prevention, and aims to work on translational research to benefit the general public through the implementation of evidence-based research. “I have been associated with the National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) and Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO) since November 2004 and have progressed over a period of time from being a staff scientist to the current role of a senior scientist,” says Dr. Asthana, who is presently with NICPR’s Biostatistics and Epidemiology division.</div><p> </p><p>“I have been working in various positions that deal with the design, execution, and evaluation of medical projects. Recently, we have concluded two major cervical cancer screening projects and conducted a screening of 10,000 women in rural areas,” she tells AMOR. One project, funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research, was carried out 100 km west of New Delhi in the rural town of Dadri “as part of an operational research to see the implementation of VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) and VILI (visual inspection with Lugol's iodine) screenings with the help of existing healthcare infrastructure,” she explains.</p><p> </p><p>As a leading researcher in cervical cancer screening, she completed an Indo-US collaborative project on the clinical performance of a human papillomavirus (HPV) test, used as a strategy for screening cervical cancer in rural communities, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation via the international non-profit global health organization PATH. “The primary objective of the project was to observe the performance of careHPV, a new diagnostic kit, in a rural setup,” she says.</p><p> </p><p>CareHPV is a highly sensitive DNA test, which detects 14 different types of the human papillomavirus that cause cervical cancer, providing results more rapidly than other DNA tests and is designed especially for use in clinics that lack reliable clean water or electricity. It is an incredibly cost-effective option for low-resource countries seeking to develop national cervical cancer screening and treatment programs according to PATH.</p><p> </p><p>“Both projects were completed successfully and brought out research conclusions in the form of national and international publications,” Dr. Asthana says. In addition to the projects, she had also developed health education materials to create cervical cancer awareness among the women of rural Indian community, while providing training to auxiliary nurses and midwives for cervical cancer screening.</p><p> </p><p>Dr. Asthana graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery from King George Medical College (KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, before pursuing her Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Community Medicine from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Kanpur, India. Throughout her career, she has published over 40 articles in national and international journals. As a result of her hard work and dedication toward the medical field, she has been awarded first prizes for oral presentation in international conferences such as Indian Cancer Congress (ICC 2014) and Asia Oceania Research Organisation on Genital Infections and Neoplasia (AOGIN 2012).</p><p> </p><p>She is an active member of various scientific associations and societies such as the Indian Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Indian Society for Medical Statistics (ISMS), Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM), and International Epidemiological Association (IEA). In her effort to provide impactful messages via research publications, she is currently working on remodeling the cancer registry data, which includes a diversified field for incidence of childhood cancer, breast and cervical cancer, trends of major cancer, cancer burden in Northeast of India, among other things.</p><p> </p><p>According to Dr. Asthana, her vision is the utilization of voluminous cancer registry data to produce comprehensive reports in the form of research communication to give a clearer picture of different cancer burden in various Indian registries. “I have also proposed a project for establishing cancer registry at NICPR, which was approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in principle, but we are currently still waiting for funding,” says the medical scientist.</p><p> </p><p>Focusing on the area of cancer epidemiology and research methodology, Dr. Asthana has faced many challenges commonly encountered by any researcher with a vision to improve medical research. “Gradually, with time and experience, I have overcome these limitations and I now conduct research methodology workshops to help clinicians have a better orientation toward research,” she says. Dr. Asthana is the coordinator of research methodology workshops, which is a series of training courses that started in 2007. Training courses/workshops are being conducted on a regular basis — two to three times a year at ICPO — and on an invitation basis, she has held workshops at other institutions such as her previous visit to Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in Malaysia to train 30 PhD students.</p><p> </p><p>“The main aim or idea is to educate scientists/researchers and medical faculties about the basics of research methodology, which consist of descriptive statistics, statistical analysis, and clinical trial sampling, as well as research protocol development and scientific reporting/writing,” she elaborates. “The curriculum was formed and executed in such a way that new scientists gain an overall knowledge on how a research project should be planned, executed, and the results communicated,” she adds. The courses, according to her, are targeted for medical faculty members, medical post-graduate students, undergraduate students, and PhD students with a basic science background from various medical institutions.</p><p> </p><p>As a researcher with almost 14 years of experience in medical research, her passion for research does not end there. Dr. Asthana has also ventured into various other new areas that are currently lacking presence in India and other low- and middle-income countries. One such area is palliative care, where she has undergone specialized training in palliative care from the Indian Association of Palliative Care. Additionally, Dr. Asthana is working on a global systematic review project that studies smokeless tobacco attributable risk for oral cancer. She further adds, “As an officer in the district technical support team and in collaboration with World Health Organization, I have devoted quite some time in serving the rural community for leprosy monitoring.”</p><p> </p><p>When asked for her opinion about the future of cancer research, Dr. Asthana believes that targeted therapy is the future of cancer therapy, as it kills only cancer cells and not normal cells, which leads to lesser side effects. “However, the major concern is the cost of it,” she says, “and it doesn’t appear to be affordable in the near future.” Hence, “developing countries like India should focus on the prevention of cancer through the modification of risk factors and adopting healthy lifestyles,” she concludes.</p>
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Buliński, Tarzycjusz. "School and social development among the E'´ñepa Indians of the Venezuela Amazon: an anthropological approach." Estudios Latinoamericanos 34 (December 31, 2014): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2014.v33-34.art8.
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In this article, I would like to test how accurate is the notion that school is one of the main factors in the social development of Indian communities. According to this view, school education improves the social, political, economic and cultural situation of the Indian peoples of South America. This is a position widely circulated among the national community in the region and is the basis for development programs and projects carried out among the Indians 1.1 would like to examine to what extent this view is correct with respect to the Enepá Indians living in the Venezuelan Amazon. I approach the question of what impact schools have on the development of these communities from an anthropological perspective, and thus from the point of view of Indian social practices. The article consists of four parts. In the first part, I characterize the current socio-cultural situation of the southern E’ñepá and the activities related to school education among them, and introduce the reasons why I chose this people for my analysis. In the second part, I indicate a problem posed by analyses from within the dominant non-anthropological current of reflection on development, and present the anthropological approach to the issues referred to in the articles title. In the third part, I describe the development that is said to result from a school’s operation according to the intercultural education program being carried out among the Enepá. In the fourth section, I show, based on the example of the spread of the practice of writing how, by means of an anthropological approach, one can assess the real impact of the school on the social development of the E’ñepá Indians.
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Dill, Edward J., Spero M. Manson, Luohua Jiang, Katherine A. Pratte, Margaret J. Gutilla, Stephanie L. Knepper, Janette Beals, and Yvette Roubideaux. "Psychosocial Predictors of Weight Loss among American Indian and Alaska Native Participants in a Diabetes Prevention Translational Project." Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1546939.
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The association of psychosocial factors (psychological distress, coping skills, family support, trauma exposure, and spirituality) with initial weight and weight loss among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in a diabetes prevention translational project was investigated. Participants(n=3,135)were confirmed as prediabetic and subsequently enrolled in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention (SDPI-DP) demonstration project implemented at 36 Indian health care programs. Measures were obtained at baseline and after completing a 16-session educational curriculum focusing on weight loss through behavioral changes. At baseline, psychological distress and negative family support were linked to greater weight, whereas cultural spirituality was correlated with lower weight. Furthermore, psychological distress and negative family support predicted less weight loss, and positive family support predicted greater weight loss, over the course of the intervention. These bivariate relationships between psychosocial factors and weight remained statistically significant within a multivariate model, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Conversely, coping skills and trauma exposure were not significantly associated with baseline weight or change in weight. These findings demonstrate the influence of psychosocial factors on weight loss in AI/AN communities and have substantial implications for incorporating adjunctive intervention components.
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Oxford, Monica, Cathryn Booth-LaForce, Abigail Echo-Hawk, Odile Madesclaire, Lorilynn Parrish, Mylene Widner, Anthippy Petras, Tess Abrahamson-Richards, Katie Nelson, and Dedra Buchwald. "Promoting First Relationships®: Implementing a Home Visiting Research Program in Two American Indian Communities." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 52, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562120914424.
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Background Few, if any, home visiting programs for children under the age of three have been culturally adapted for American Indian reservation settings. We recently adapted one such program: Promoting First Relationships®. Objectives To culturally adapt Promoting First Relationships® while maintaining program fidelity, we used a community-based participatory approach to elicit input from two American Indian partners. Methods University-based researchers, reservation-based Native project staff, and Native tribal liaisons conducted collaborative meetings, conference calls, and focus groups to adapt Promoting First Relationships® to reflect local community needs and values. Lessons Learned Working closely with onsite Native project staff, being flexible and open to suggestions, and attending to the logistical needs of the community are imperative to developing and implementing adaptations. Conclusions Several adaptations were made based on the collaboration between researchers and Native project staff. Collaboration is critical for adapting programs so they can be tested in ways that respect both American Indian culture and research needs.
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Dupuis, Anita, and Cheryl Ritenbaugh. "Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Native Communities: The Traditional Living Challenge." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.1.ek0q45l285811pv9.
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Many of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are preventable, which indicates that lifestyle is a key risk factor. Behavioral change interventions attempted with AI/ANs that focus on lifestyle have begun to incorporate Native cultural traditions, or cultural capital. This article discusses one such Native-based intervention conducted on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana, which used cultural capital as the foundation for an intervention to address risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Called the Traditional Living Challenge, the specific purpose of the intervention was to revitalize community initiatives toward wellness through a cultural immersion experience, which replicated a former healthier lifestyle and diet. The long-term goal was for the cultural immersion intervention to foster personal and group motivation toward a commitment to wellness. To implement the project, the researchers developed collaborations among the tribal health department, cultural leaders, the tribal council, and various relevant tribal units. The researchers identified participants across various age ranges by involving whole families in the intervention. They also identified a broad range of community-based resources and opportunities to support ongoing lifestyle changes and developed a number of cardiovascular disease risk outcome measures that would be appropriate for use in this community.
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Jima-González, Alexandra, and Miguel Paradela-López. "Indians in Pensamiento Gonzalo: The Influence of 20th-Century Peruvian Intelligentsia on Shining Path’s Ideology." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402098299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020982990.
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During the last decades of the 20th century, Shining Path conceived Indian culture mainly as part of feudalist-capitalist alienation. Consequently, this insurrectionist organization aimed to mobilize the indigenous communities around a class-oriented revolutionary project. Although the academic literature has acknowledged and studied this process, its historical roots in the intelligentsia of the early 20th century remain under-examined. To contribute to their research, this article first analyzes the “neo-indigenist and indigenist discussion” of the first decades of the century, mainly through the works of Manuel González Prada, Luis Eduardo Valcárcel, and José Uriel García. The article will then focus on José Carlos Mariátegui and Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre to explore the discussion around the implementation of socialist thought in Peru. Finally, this research analyzes the influence of the previous authors on the configuration of Shining Path’s ideology, Pensamiento Gonzalo. The article argues that Shining Path intensified three tendencies of the 20th-century Peruvian intelligentsia: the need to assist Indians in the development of an effective discourse, the legitimation of revolutionary violence, and the Peruvian bourgeoisie’s leadership of the Indians. In conclusion, Shining Path’s ideology should not be regarded as a rara avis, but as the result of a dogmatic application of Maoism to already existing discussions of the Indian problem.
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Mardiros, Marilyn. "Preparing Native Indian RNs in British Columbia." Practicing Anthropology 10, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.10.2.q36316234501h246.
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In 1981 the Nisga'a Tribal Council in New Aiyansh and North Coast Tribal Council in Prince Rupert commissioned a feasibility study to determine whether there was interest among Indian people of coastal British Columbia in pursuing registered nurse (RN) education. The study resulted in a three year project, the Northern Native Indian Professional Nursing Program (NNIPNP) offering RN preparation which addressed the personal, social and cultural needs of prospective students, their families and communities, while ensuring quality education at par with provincial standards. This article discusses the project as a community-based initiative and my roles as program coordinator, cultural broker, advocate, and liaison between communities, students and the educational institutions offering the RN program.
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Michna, Gregory. "The Long Road to Sainthood: Indian Christians, the Doctrine of Preparation, and the Halfway Covenant of 1662." Church History 89, no. 1 (March 2020): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640720000025.
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AbstractThis essay explores the origins and expansion of New England Praying Towns in the context of the ongoing theological and religious debates of 1646–1674. This period spawned significant debates regarding the extent of the Abrahamic covenant, the requirements for church membership, and the nature of conversion. The ministers present at the Synod of 1662 gathered to settle the question of “extended baptism,” an issue where Indian and English concerns intersected. Reformers who promoted a generational vision of church membership emphasized the efficacy of spiritual preparation for younger generations and the power of a broader and more inclusive church covenant. This development benefitted Algonquians living in Praying Towns because theological preparation validated efforts to catechize and instruct Praying Indians in religious matters. Likewise, a broadening vision of church membership enabled some colonists to consider the possibility that Indians might be included within their religious communities. These projects, launched before the formalization of the Halfway Covenant in 1662, presented a tangible example of spiritual preparation in practice and served to validate the conversionary process within the colony at large. English observers found Indian conversion impressive (or reacted with intense skepticism) because most theologians considered Indians unlikely converts, especially in larger numbers. For Algonquians demonstrating an interest in English spirituality, church membership represented a degree of parity with their New England brethren. Tracing the development of New England missions, the pathway to church membership, and the debates on both missions and extended baptism reveals both the possibilities and limits to the inclusion of Indian Christians within New England's religious institutions.
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Powell, Timothy B. "Digital Knowledge Sharing: Forging Partnerships between Scholars, Archives, and Indigenous Communities." Museum Anthropology Review 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/10.14434/mar.v10i2.20268.
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The article reviews a digital repatriation project carried out by the Center for Native American and Indigenous Research at the American Philosophical Society over the course of eight years (2008-present). The project focused on building digital archives in four indigenous communities: Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Penobscot Nation, Tuscarora Nation, and Ojibwe communities in both the United States and Canada. The article features insights from traditional knowledge keepers who helped to create a new system of co-stewarding the APS’ indigenous archival materials and recounts how the APS established protocols for cultural sensitivity. A new model of community-based scholarship is proposed to create a more equal and respectful relationship between indigenous communities, scholars, and archives.
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Motta Gonzalez, Nancy. "Rutas y trayectos en la participación ambiental con enfoque de género. Propuesta metodológica para la investigación participativa con enfoque de género en el ordenamiento y manejo de cuencas hidrográficas." La Manzana de la Discordia 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v3i1.1487.
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Resumen: En este trabajo se plantean los pasosmetodológicos necesarios para realizar cualquier proyectode investigación participativa con perspectiva degénero en el manejo de cuencas hidrográficas, especialmentecuando intervienen diversas comunidadesétnicas en el país, tales como afrodescendientes, indígenasresidentes en resguardos y parcialidades, campesinosmestizos, y comunidades urbanas, cuyos territoriosestén atravesados por cuencas hidrográficas. Seconstruye una estrategia metodológica que aborda todaslas etapas y fases de este tipo de proyecto, desde la construcciónde marcos conceptuales, pasando por la motivaciónpara la participación de las comunidades, hastael desarrollo del proyecto en cuestión en su totalidad.Palabras clave: investigación participativa, metodología,proyectos de desarrollo, cuencas hidrográficas,indígenas, afrodescendientes, perspectiva de género.Abstract: This paper considers the necessarymethodological steps to carry out nay project of participatoryresearch with a gender perspective in the administrationof water basins, especially when differentethnic communities intervene, such as African Colombians,indigenous groups, peasants and urban communitieswhose territories include water basins. A methodologicalstrategy is built taking into account all thedifferent stages of this type of project, from the constructionof conceptual frameworks, to the motivation ofcommunities to participate, to the full implementation ofthe project in question.Key words: participatory research, methodology,development projects, water basins, Indians, AfricanColombian, gender perspective.
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Jiang, L., S. M. Manson, J. Beals, W. G. Henderson, H. Huang, K. J. Acton, and Y. Roubideaux. "Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program Into American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Results from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention demonstration project." Diabetes Care 36, no. 7 (December 28, 2012): 2027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1250.
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Cobb, Daniel M. "The Personal Politics of Action and Applied Anthropology." Ethnohistory 66, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7517940.
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Abstract Action anthropology came to the fore during the 1950s and 1960s, in part as a critical response to applied anthropology’s colonial and governmental entanglements, seeking to learn from communities by collaboratively pursuing solutions to practical problems. While critical assessments of theory, method, and efficacy abound, the everyday human bonds fostered through these approaches seldom receive mention. This essay focuses on the personal and intellectual relationships Robert K. Thomas and Murray L. Wax formed with Ponca activist Clyde Warrior via the Workshop on American Indian Affairs, Carnegie Corporation Cross-Cultural Education Project, and Kansas Indian Education Research Project during the 1960s. It illuminates some of the interior dimensions of these two expressions of public-facing engaged scholarship.1
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Campbell, Robert B. "Newlands, Old Lands: Native American Labor, Agrarian Ideology, and the Progressive-Era State in the Making of the Newlands Reclamation Project, 1902––1926." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 203–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.2.203.
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Historical interpretations focusing on the development of irrigated agricultural communities in the early twentiethcentury American West have consistently repeated the neat division between "family" and "industrial" modes of production. However, these distinctions collapse when one recognizes that the seasonal demand for harvest labor could not be met from within the smallholders' households. Transient labor, as well as year-round wage work by property-less workers, appears to have been the rule even on the irrigated West's family farms. In the case of the Newlands Reclamation Project, dispossessed Native Americans provided essential labor, ensuring the nominal success of this initial Reclamation Service project during the first three decades of the twentieth century. In Nevada, Paiute and Shoshone laborers provided a local and low-cost work force. This irrigation culture could not avoid the pitfalls of capitalist agriculture that relied upon the dispossession of Indian lands and resources and the coerced labor of an underclass of Indian workers. While Paiute and Shoshone labor was certainly coerced, there were limits. This article demonstrates the degree to which these people maintained an autonomous community and culture. Drawing on precolonial roots, Native North American communities shared in the challenges and creative adaptations exhibited by indigenous communities globally in response to settler capitalism.
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Venkataraman, C., M. Bhushan, S. Dey, D. Ganguly, T. Gupta, G. Habib, A. Kesarkar, H. Phuleria, and R. Sunder Raman. "Indian Network Project on Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): E1052—E1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0030.1.
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Abstract Climate change and air pollution have important societal consequences, especially in emerging economies, wherein transitions from polluting technologies to cleaner alternatives coincide with high population vulnerability to environmental threats. India is home to a fifth of the world’s population and a gamut of human activities, employing a far ranging spectrum of technologies and fuels, with consequent emissions. Atmospheric fine particles or aerosols in the region predominate in carbonaceous constituents and dust. Multi-institutional studies in the region have earlier focused on natural and anthropogenic climate forcing by aerosols and feedbacks on regional and global climate. Important gaps remain in understanding human activities influencing emissions, emission aerosol properties, and regional atmospheric processes, specifically those related to carbonaceous aerosol impacts on climate and air quality. With an aim to address these gaps, the COALESCE (Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts) project was launched on 7 July 2017. The project adopts integration of scientific methods developed by both the climate and air quality research communities. New fundamental knowledge from the project and strong links to India’s policy framework would enable climate and clean-air action in the region. The article describes the scientific rationale, objectives, and planned activities under COALESCE to explore engagement with the international climate and air quality research communities and to enable eventual dissemination of research findings, knowledge products, and decision-support tools.
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Lucas-Pipkorn, Samantha, and Ashley Tuomi. "Addressing Data Inequities in American Indian Communities Through an Environmental Public Health Tracking Pilot Project." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 23 (2017): S28—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000597.
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Hull, Matthew S. "Communities of Place, Not Kind: American Technologies of Neighborhood in Postcolonial Delhi." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 4 (October 2011): 757–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417511000405.
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In 1956 the Indian Government invited the Ford Foundation to assist with a master plan for the Delhi region. Two years later, the invitation was extended to help with a separate urban community development program. Even though the master plan was a comprehensive project covering transportation, water, sewage, housing, industry, and zoning, the creation of community and communities was one of its main goals. The Draft Master Plan for Delhi (DMPD) declared “in all planning for man's environments,” it was “extremely vital” to “evolve a well integrated new community pattern that would fit the changed living conditions of the new age and promote genuine democratic growth.” Similarly, the primary objective of the urban community development project, as laid out by the Commissioner of Delhi, was that of “giving form to an urban community, which has been drawn from backgrounds varying from one another and trying to achieve a homogeneity.”
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Saha, Subro. "Caste, Reading-habits and the Incomplete Project of Indian Democracy." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2021): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v2i1.264.
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Emphasizing on the functioning of caste as embodiment, this paper attempts to show how the internalization of dominant caste-based framework(s) shapes our habits of thinking which include epistemological and pedagogical orientations as well. The paper briefly traces how such frameworks have settled through historical shifts and shaped dominant imagination of the nation’ that has appropriated caste-system as its essence. To show such making of a dominant framework of caste and Hindu-nation, the paper briefly turns towards nineteenth century Bengal, both as a reminder of the many forms of dwelling within vernacular communities and how such multiplicities came to be reduced within a hegemonic framework of majoritarian Hindu- nation. Such making, the paper submits, shapes a doubleness of the decolonial project of nation-making which finds its paradoxical settlement within the postcolonial democratic framework through the embodiment of the majoritarian (casteist) framework of Hindu-nation. The paper, therefore, examines how such problems of embodiment become an infrastructural problem that haunt one’s everyday imagination, and therefore calls for creation of infrastructures that can enable a training of imagination to unlearn such embodied frameworks of segregation. As one such small onto- epistemological possibility, the paper examines the role of aesthetic education and its suspending potentials.
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Chadwick, Jennifer Q., Mary A. Tullier, Lisa Wolbert, Charlotte Coleman, Dannielle E. Branam, David F. Wharton, Tamela K. Cannady, Kenneth C. Copeland, and Kevin R. Short. "Collaborative implementation of a community-based exercise intervention with a partnering rural American Indian community." Clinical Trials 16, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519839066.
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Background The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of childhood obesity and diabetes has increased rapidly in the United States in the last 30 years. American Indians have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes among newly diagnosed youth in the country. Contributing factors include environmental, behavioral, and genetic components. Some American Indian tribal communities have explored innovative ways to combat this epidemic including collaborations with academic centers on community-based research. Method From 2012 to 2017, the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center and the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma partnered on a National Institutes of Health–funded project to determine if financial incentives would elicit an increase in physical activity in Native youth. This was a community-based behavioral intervention for overweight or obese American Indian youth ages 11–20 living in a rural community at risk for developing diabetes. Results Tribal leaders and staff identified culturally appropriate strategies to aid implementation of the trial in their community. Their identified implementation strategies helped standardize the study in order to maintain study integrity. The mutually agreed strategies included co-review of the study by tribal and University research review boards (but designation of the Choctaw Nation review board as the “Board of Record”), training of community-based staff on research ethics and literacy, standardization of the informed consent process by videotaping all study information, creation of a viable and culturally appropriate timeline for study implementation, adapting tribal wellness center operations to accommodate youth, and development of effective two-way communication through training sessions, on-site coordination, and bi-monthly conference calls. Conclusion In an effort to partner collectively on a randomized clinical research trial to combat childhood diabetes, tribal leaders and staff implemented strategies that resulted in a culturally appropriate and organized community-based behavioral intervention research project.
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Holt, Heidi, and Blythe S. Winchester. "INTEREST GROUP SESSION—INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: REVEALING THE HEALTHY BRAIN INITIATIVE’S ROAD MAP FOR INDIAN COUNTRY: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGAGEMENT." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): SS365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1334.
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Abstract This landmark document, The Healthy Brain Initiative: Road Map for Indian Country, is the first-ever public health guide focused on dementia in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. It is intended as a tool for leaders of the 573 federally recognized Indian tribes, as well as state-recognized tribes, to engage their communities in this important issue. Early in the development of the HBI Public Health Road Map for Dementia, CDC recognized strategies that may work for state and local public health agencies likely would need to be tailored by native communities due to culture and unique contexts. This Road Map for Indian Country (Road Map) can be used to support a dialogue within a Native community about how to promote wellness across the lifespan and best support older adults with dementia, their families, and caregivers. The panel will consist of 5 presenters and 1 discussant. Bill Benson, International Association of Indigenous Aging, will discuss the background and need for the project. Molly French, the Alzheimer’s Association, will describe the process used to create the Road Map. Heidi Holt, CDC, will describe the content and goals of the Road Map. Kelsey Donnellan, Association for State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), will present key Indian Country products and Messages that accompany the Road Map. Lisa McGuire will present relevant Behavioral Risk Factor Data, including data specific to the AI/AN population. The discussant will wrap up the panel and provide unique insights as to the use and future for this important document.
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Rowden, Rick. "Indian Companies Engaged in Agricultural “Land Grabbing” in Africa: The Need for Indo-african Solidarity Linkages." Human Geography 4, no. 3 (November 2011): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861100400305.
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Indian agricultural companies have been involved in the recent trend in large-scale overseas acquisitions of farmland, criticized as “land grabbing”. India has joined China, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and South Korea among other nations heavily investing in large-scale agricultural projects in Africa and elsewhere. Several factors are driving India's effort to “outsource its food production,” including the Government's growing strategic concerns about ensuring long-term food security and concerns about falling ground water tables. Eager developing country governments have also courted Indian agricultural investors, offering special incentives, including offers to lease massive tracts of arable land on very generous terms at much cheaper rates than land and water in India. The Indian Government has supported this trend through high-level trade diplomacy, foreign aid, and subsidized credit for its agricultural companies investing overseas. Critics call the trend “land grabbing” and claim there have been negative impacts on local peoples, who are often displaced in the process. The public disclosure of lease contracts between the Ethiopian Government and five Indian investors sheds light on the negative ethical, political, human rights and environmental consequences for local people in host countries. New and ongoing advocacy strategies are discussed, including the idea to establish international advocacy linkages between Indian activists fighting for small farmers rights and addressing “land grabbing” actions within India, and small farmers in Africa and elsewhere facing similar problems. One idea is for such linkages to inform Indian citizens who can take action to address the problem of land-grabbing by Indian companies operating overseas. International land rights advocates see a common struggle in which land deals must involve transparent and participatory relations between governments, companies and local democratic communities.
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Grydehøj, Adam, Sasha Davis, Rui Guo, and Huan Zhang. "Silk Road archipelagos: Islands of the Belt and Road Initiative." Island Studies Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.137.
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The concept behind the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI; formerly ‘One Belt, One Road’) began to take shape in 2013. Since then, this Chinese-led project has become a major plank in China’s foreign relations. The BRI has grown from its basis as a vision of interregional connectivity into a truly global system, encompassing places—including many island states, territories, and cities—from the South Pacific to the Arctic, from East Africa to the Caribbean, from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean. Islands and archipelagos are particularly prominent in the BRI’s constituent 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and Polar Silk Road or Ice Silk Road projects, but little scholarly attention has been paid to how the BRI relates to islands per se. This special section of Island Studies Journal includes nine papers on islands and the BRI, concerning such diverse topics as geopolitics, international law and territorial disputes, sustainability and climate change adaptation, international relations of autonomous island territories, development of outer island communities, tourism and trade, and relational understandings of archipelagic networks. Taken together, these papers present both opportunities and risks, challenges and ways forward for the BRI and how this project may impact both China and island and archipelago states and territories.
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Satterfield, Dawn, Lemyra DeBruyn, Marjorie Santos, Larry Alonso, and Melinda Frank. "Health Promotion and Diabetes Prevention in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities — Traditional Foods Project, 2008–2014." MMWR Supplements 65, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su6501a3.
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Riley, James D. "Public Works and Local Elites: The Politics of Taxation in Tlaxcala, 1780-1810." Americas 58, no. 3 (January 2002): 355–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0020.
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In the winter of 1791-1792, meetings were being held in all of the principal towns of the Mexican province of Tlaxcala. Decisions had been reached that something had to be done about the recurring flooding of the Zahuapa river in central Tlaxcala and, independently, about the lack of an adequate water supply for the southeastern provincial town of Huamantla. As a result of these meetings, two independent projects began both of which were locally conceived and, more importantly, locally funded. In a burst of civic pride groups of Spanish vecinos (landowners and merchants who claimed Tlaxcala as their home) and Indian communities collaborated in constructing and financing these improvements. The work on the Zahuapa lasted until 1802, and the work to supply water in Huamantla was ongoing in 1810 when the Hidalgo revolt interrupted it. What is interesting about these decisions is not the success of the projects themselves—the first failed badly and the second was foundering when aborted—but rather what they highlight about the way Spanish and Indian leadership in local communities interacted politically in the late Bourbon period, both with each other and with Bourbon officialdom.
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Bernhardt, R. "Educational Alternatives for Rural Alaska." Aboriginal Child at School 13, no. 3 (July 1985): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031058220001381x.
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In the recent years, major economic developments have occurred in rural Alaska that have permanently changed the social, political and institutional landscape. The 150 Eskimo, Indian and Aleut communities have borne the brunt of these changes. Few have had available to them the indigenous human resources, the technical skills and educational preparation necessary to assume full control over these forces. In 1980 the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, in cooperation with several native organisations, successfully approached the Bernard van Leer Foundation with a proposal to assist Alaska Native communities in developing their own capacity to shape their future. This is the story of how the ‘Van Leer Project’ has attempted to respond to those developments.
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Credo, Jonathan, and Jani C. Ingram. "Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179089.
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In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established.
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Klein, Dorie, Diane Williams, and Jane Witbrodt. "The Collaboration Process in HIV Prevention and Evaluation in an Urban American Indian Clinic for Women." Health Education & Behavior 26, no. 2 (April 1999): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819902600207.
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Collaboration between providers and researchers can be key to doing women’s HIV prevention that is holistic, gender sensitive, and responsive to communities. This report centers on providers’ and evaluators’ experiences in developing and implementing a project promoting “healthy relationships” with low-income women from different ethnicities at an urban American Indian clinic. During planning, decisions on the health problems to be targeted, division of labor, program goals, resource allocation, evaluation design, and outcome measures were jointly made. Other factors were the input of participants and the influence of American Indian values at the clinic. The implementation process was fully collaborative. There are implications for creating conditions for successful collaborations in health education.
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de Heer, Brooke A., Lynn C. Jones, Bethany Larsen, Jennifer Runge, and Sarah Young Patton. "Improving Justice for American Indian and Rural Victims of Crime Through Community-Engaged Research." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 37, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986221999859.
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Community-engaged research can be effective in directly improving justice for individuals and communities, and to guide policies and practices. Given the challenges to accessing some populations of interest, such as with rural victims of crime, community-engaged approaches provide a means to support ethical and culturally competent research that can improve justice in a meaningful way. In this article, we discuss a collaborative research partnership between academic researchers and a victim service agency that sought to connect rural victim advocacy with a data-driven research methodology for improved justice delivery in two communities with differing rural dynamics. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from recognizing the unique, yet varied, victimization experiences within rural communities, and an understanding of this variability among rural victims and contexts can inform justice practice. We provide best practice recommendations from both researcher and practitioner perspectives for the successful implementation of a project that serves victims in the community and through policy. Implications for justice-related policy and practice for rural and American Indian crime victims are discussed.
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Mallon, Florencia E. "Indian Communities, Political Cultures, and the State in Latin America, 1780–1990." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (March 1992): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023762.
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In Tlatelolco, in the symbolically laden Plaza of the Three Cultures, there is a famous plaque commemorating the fall of Tenochtitlán, after a heroic defence organised by Cuauhtemoc. According to the official words there inscribed, that fall ‘was neither a victory nor a defeat’, but the ‘painful birth’ of present-day Mexico, the mestizo Mexico glorified and institutionalised by the Revolution of 1910. Starting with the experiences of 1968 – which added yet another layer to the archaeological sedimentation already present in Tlatelolco – and continuing with greater force in the face of the current wave of indigenous movements throughout Latin America, as well as the crisis of indigenismo and of the postrevolutionary development model, many have begun to doubt the version of Mexican history represented therein.1 Yet it is important to emphasise that the Tlatelolco plaque, fogged and tarnished as it may be today, would never have been an option in the plazas of Lima or La Paz. The purpose of this essay is to define and explain this difference by reference to the modern histories of Peru, Bolivia and Mexico. In so doing, I hope to elucidate some of the past and potential future contributions of indigenous political cultures to the ongoing formation of nation-states in Latin America.As suggested by the plaque in Tlatelolco, the process and symbolism of mestizaje has been central to the Mexican state's project of political and territorial reorganisation. By 1970, only 7.8 % of Mexico's population was defined as Indian, and divided into 59 different linguistic groups.
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Flynn, Michael A., Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, Juanita Lara, Cecilia Rosales, Federico Feldstein, Ken Dominguez, Amy Wolkin, et al. "An Innovative United States–Mexico Community Outreach Initiative for Hispanic and Latino People in the United States: A Collaborative Public Health Network." Public Health Reports 136, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920972699.
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Collaborative partnerships are a useful approach to improve health conditions of disadvantaged populations. The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS) (“Health Windows”) and Mobile Health Units (MHUs) are a collaborative initiative of the Mexican government and US public health organizations that use mechanisms such as health fairs and mobile clinics to provide health information, screenings, preventive measures (eg, vaccines), and health services to Mexican people, other Hispanic people, and underserved populations (eg, American Indian/Alaska Native people, geographically isolated people, uninsured people) across the United States. From 2013 through 2019, the VDS served 10.5 million people (an average of 1.5 million people per year) at Mexican consulates in the United States, and MHUs served 115 461 people from 2016 through 2019. We describe 3 community outreach projects and their impact on improving the health of Hispanic people in the United States. The first project is an ongoing collaboration between VDS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address occupational health inequities among Hispanic people. The second project was a collaboration between VDS and CDC to provide Hispanic people with information about Zika virus infection and health education. The third project is a collaboration between MHUs and the University of Arizona to provide basic health services to Hispanic communities in Pima and Maricopa counties, Arizona. The VDS/MHU model uses a collaborative approach that should be further assessed to better understand its impact on both the US-born and non–US-born Hispanic population and the public at large in locations where it is implemented.
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Frederics, Bronwyn. "Rebuilding Native Nations." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v1i1.23.
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This book covers work undertaken over the last 20 years by a diverse range of researchers, nations and communities and is produced by the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development and the Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy at the University of Arizona. The book according to Stephen Cornell came from the response to numerous requests for a resource about rebuilding Indigenous governments, launching nation-owned and citizen entrepreneurs, building sustainable Indigenous economies and developing new relationships with governments (University of Arizona).
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Horwich, Robert H., Rajen Islari, Arnab Bose, Bablu Dey, Mahesh Moshahary, Nirmal Kanti Dey, Raju Das, and Jonathan Lyon. "Community protection of the Manas Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India, and the Endangered golden langur Trachypithecus geei." Oryx 44, no. 2 (April 2010): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000037.
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AbstractThe Golden Langur Conservation Project in Assam, India, was initiated to involve local NGOs and communities in protecting the Endangered golden langur Trachypithecus geei and its habitat on a regional basis within a complex political situation. Since langurs are leaf eaters they are dependent on forests. The Project area, once dominated by militant action and ethnic violence, is in a densely populated area and formerly suffered much illegal deforestation and accompanying reduction in the golden langur population. The Project began with two NGOs and evolved into the formation of a forum of five NGOs focusing on a large proportion of the golden langur range in Assam, and eventually included > 11 newly formed community-based organizations. Each NGO focused on nearby Reserve Forests and their resident langur populations and adjacent human communities. The community-conservation tools used included (1) initial local community awareness campaigns, (2) formation of local Forest Committees and Self Help Groups, (3) a major regional awareness campaign about the golden langur and its forested habitat in the Manas Biosphere Reserve, and (4) creation of a number of village-based Forest Protection Forces. The Golden Langur Conservation Project has resulted in an increase in the total Indian population of golden langurs, control of illegal logging and poaching in two isolated Reserve Forests by formation of a protection force of surrounding village groups, and curtailing illegal logging and increasing forest protection in the Reserve Forests of the Manas Biosphere Reserve by the formation of 10 tribal, government-sanctioned volunteer Forest Protection Forces. The Project created an atmosphere of community awareness of the golden langur and its forests and community interest within the region, with communities taking responsibility for protection of regional forests.
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Marshall, Dominique, and Julia Sterparn. "Oxfam Aid to Canada’s First Nations, 1962–1975: Eating Lynx, Starving for Jobs, and Flying a Talking Bird." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 23, no. 2 (May 23, 2013): 298–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015796ar.
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The first project financed by Oxfam Canada after its incorporation in 1962 was an emergency relief operation towards First Nations in Northern Manitoba, which made national headlines. A decade later, Oxfam Canada funded the floating plane of the Yukon Native Brotherhood, to foster communications between distant First Nations communities of the far north. The ship ended up carrying many of the aboriginal politicians who launched the modern round of reclamations for land claims and aboriginal rights. A close study of the actors and ideas at stake shows how the British-born NGO had to face the disapproval of provincial and federal authorities, and of churches traditionally responsible for Indian welfare, for the embarrassment it brought them. As the British and Canadian humanitarians considered the deeper economic, political and cultural stakes of aboriginal hardships, each step of their interventions called for decisions about the extent and the nature of their involvement in Canada’ Indian policy, the new kind of industrial relations brought to the North by large projects of exploitation of natural resources, and the unequal development of the universal welfare state for First Nations. In turn, these external demands revealed and shaped Oxfam’s very structure of governance, and its own internal debates between charity and justice, neutrality and support for movements of colonial liberation, and the often competing goals of large fundraising and education of the Euro-Canadan public about the global South.
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Tomayko, Emily J., Ronald J. Prince, Kate A. Cronin, Tassy Parker, Kyungmann Kim, Vernon M. Grant, Judith N. Sheche, and Alexandra K. Adams. "Healthy Children, Strong Families 2: A randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for American Indian families designed using community-based approaches." Clinical Trials 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774516685699.
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Background/Aims Few obesity prevention trials have focused on young children and their families in the home environment, particularly in underserved communities. Healthy Children, Strong Families 2 is a randomized controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention for American Indian children and their families, a group at very high risk of obesity. The study design resulted from our long-standing engagement with American Indian communities, and few collaborations of this type resulting in the development and implementation of a randomized clinical trial have been described. Methods Healthy Children, Strong Families 2 is a lifestyle intervention targeting increased fruit and vegetable intake, decreased sugar intake, increased physical activity, decreased TV/screen time, and two less-studied risk factors: stress and sleep. Families with young children from five American Indian communities nationwide were randomly assigned to a healthy lifestyle intervention ( Wellness Journey) augmented with social support (Facebook and text messaging) or a child safety control group ( Safety Journey) for 1 year. After Year 1, families in the Safety Journey receive the Wellness Journey, and families in the Wellness Journey start the Safety Journey with continued wellness-focused social support based on communities’ request that all families receive the intervention. Primary (adult body mass index and child body mass index z-score) and secondary (health behaviors) outcomes are assessed after Year 1 with additional analyses planned after Year 2. Results To date, 450 adult/child dyads have been enrolled (100% target enrollment). Statistical analyses await trial completion in 2017. Lessons learned Conducting a community-partnered randomized controlled trial requires significant formative work, relationship building, and ongoing flexibility. At the communities’ request, the study involved minimal exclusion criteria, focused on wellness rather than obesity, and included an active control group and a design allowing all families to receive the intervention. This collective effort took additional time but was critical to secure community engagement. Hiring and retaining qualified local site coordinators was a challenge but was strongly related to successful recruitment and retention of study families. Local infrastructure has also been critical to project success. Other challenges included geographic dispersion of study communities and providing appropriate incentives to retain families in a 2-year study. Conclusion This multisite intervention addresses key gaps regarding family/home-based approaches for obesity prevention in American Indian communities. Healthy Children, Strong Families 2’s innovative aspects include substantial community input, inclusion of both traditional (diet/activity) and less-studied obesity risk factors (stress/sleep), measurement of both adult and child outcomes, social networking support for geographically dispersed households, and a community selected active control group. Our data will address a literature gap regarding multiple risk factors and their relationship to health outcomes in American Indian families.
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Reid, Brady. "Positionality and Research: “Two-Eyed Seeing” With a Rural Ktaqmkuk Mi’kmaw Community." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692091084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920910841.
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As evident from the original proposals for self-negotiation from the Federation of Newfoundland Indians, the formation of the Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation represented a small victory for Ktaqmkuk Mi’kmaq: recognition. Validation of the existence of Ktaqmkuk Mi’kmaq outside of Miawpukek was a small step toward decolonization yet cannot be a panacea for reconciliation. This study was a collaborative project in the Mi’kmaw community of Ewipkek through the No’kmaq Village Band and Elder Calvin White, a known champion of Mi’kmaw rights in the province. This project emerged from a collaborative research effort between the community of Ewipkek and Grenfell Campus, Memorial University. This article presents current approaches, principles, and considerations for researchers working with Indigenous communities, drawing from both academic literature and the collaborative experience working with the community of Ewipkek. This collaborative project describes the different characteristics of a Western research paradigm versus an Indigenous research paradigm that can support the application of the Two-Eyed Seeing framework.
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Messer, Lynne, Allan Steckler, and Mark Dignan. "Early Detection of Cervical Cancer among Native American Women: A Qualitative Supplement to a Quantitative Study." Health Education & Behavior 26, no. 4 (August 1999): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819902600411.
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The North Carolina Native American Cervical Cancer Prevention Project was a 5-year (1989-1995) National Cancer Institute–funded, community-based, early detection of cervical cancer intervention implemented among two Native American tribes in North Carolina: the eastern band of the Cherokee Indians and the Lumbee. The initial quantitative analysis of the intervention showed modest effects and found that the intervention had different effects in the two communities. Due to the equivocal findings, a retrospective qualitative study was conducted. The qualitative study found that two types of factors influenced the intervention’s results. The first were project and intervention characteristics, and the second were community and cultural factors over which the project had no control. The community and cultural factors took two forms: enhancers, which contributed to greater intervention effect, and attenuators, which created barriers to success. Examples of each factor are presented, and implications for cervical cancer detection among Native American women are discussed.
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Bang, Megan, Ananda Marin, Lori Faber, and Eli S. Suzukovich. "Repatriating Indigenous Technologies in an Urban Indian Community." Urban Education 48, no. 5 (September 2013): 705–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085913490555.
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Indigenous people are significantly underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). The solution to this problem requires a more robust lens than representation or access alone. Specifically, it will require careful consideration of the ecological contexts of Indigenous school age youth, of which more than 70% live in urban communities (National Urban Indian Family Coalition, 2008). This article reports emergent design principles derived from a community-based design research project. These emergent principles focus on the conceptualization and uses of technology in science learning environments designed for urban Indigenous youth. In order to strengthen learning environments for urban Indigenous youth, it is necessary, we argue, that scholars and educators take seriously the ways in which culture mediates relationships with, conceptions of, and innovations in technology and technologically related disciplines. Recognizing these relationships will inform the subsequent implications for learning environments.
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Chaudhuri, Tapoja. "From policing to 'social fencing': shifting moral economies of biodiversity conservation in a South Indian Tiger Reserve." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21752.
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In recent years, scholarly and civil society debates regarding tiger conservation in India have been sharply divided both in favor and against the efficacy of 'fortress' models of conservation that discourage subsistence-level access to resources by the local poor. Such debates have been further intensified since 2005 due to a drastic drop in the wild tiger population – presumably due to illegal poaching – and the passing of a Forest Rights Act that grants forest lands ownership rights to traditional forest-dependent communities. This article analyzes local community-forest collaboration in the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala in Southern India. Periyar Tiger Reserve has been the only 'success story' out of the seven national parks where the India Eco-Development Project was implemented in 1997. The IEDP was funded by the World Bank, the Global Environmental Facility, and the Government of India to solicit the support of forest-adjacent communities in protecting wildlife habitats by offering them market-based livelihood opportunities. Information comes from ethnographic research conducted ten years after the Eco-Development Project was first implemented, and studies of the evolving nature of state-community relationships under the umbrella of a newly formed 'Government Organized Non-Governmental Organization' or GONGO. Theoretically, the article focuses the role of emotions and identity politics in shaping the worldviews of the participating community members, and not on the economic incentives of stakeholders. In doing so, I propose a more nuanced analysis of community-state relationships than is offered by polarized debates amongst conservationists and people's rights advocates in India and elsewhere. I illustrate the sense of ownership and regional pride shared by different social actors, in the context of the continuation of the fortress model of conservation.Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, fortress conservation, eco-development, social fencing, identity politics, indigenous communities, tiger reserve, Kerala, India.
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Dubois, Janique. "“We are all Treaty People”." Le dossier : Mouvements sociaux et nouveaux acteurs politiques : incidences sur les pratiques de gouvernance autochtone 27, no. 1 (October 9, 2015): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033617ar.
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In 1996, the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations, the Government of Canada and the Government of Saskatchewan embarked on an ambitious project: they wanted to abandon the colonial legacy of the Indian Act and instead develop a governance framework based on partnerships between self-determining nations. Grounding negotiations in treaties, this “made in Saskatchewan” solution proposed to develop a province-wide system of First Nation governance representing over 115,000 members and seventy communities. Despite efforts to build a novel treaty-based governance framework, negotiations eventually failed. In assessing the gap between the dream and the reality of treaty-based governance in Saskatchewan, this article argues that the failure of the “made in Saskatchewan” solution lies in the parties’ inability to break away from Canada’s colonial path and fully embrace the reality that “we are all treaty people.”
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Tukdeo, Shivali. "Beyond deaths in school: education, knowledge production, and the Adivasi experience." Qualitative Research Journal 18, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-d-17-00054.
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Purpose Submergence, dislocation, rehabilitation and reform are the terms that crowd out most discussions on Adivasi/indigenous communities. They also fit in aptly with the Adivasi experiences of education and their relationship with knowledge construction, for them but not necessarily with them. Over the course of the last century, the Adivasi story has been composed and reoriented by a confluence of hegemonic regimes, institutions and epistemic traditions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Tracing the shifts over last few decades and paying attention to the larger politics of indigeneity, schooling and knowledge production, this paper advances a critical reading of the relationship between the marginalised and formal systems of schooling. Findings Employing Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s (1989) “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, the paper identifies the discourses that have contributed to the construction of Adivasi communities and their relationship with the Indian state. Originality/value As schooling continues to occupy a significant place among the communities in India and it gets associated with a number of contradictory logics, the present paper highlights the historicity of the project by which marginalised communities have been defined and their schooling needs have been framed and justified.
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Vahanvati, Mittul. "A novel framework for owner driven reconstruction projects to enhance disaster resilience in the long term." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 421–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2017-0285.
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Purpose Post-disaster reconstruction poses a double-edged sword to its implementers as it demands addressing survivors’ need for speed as well as meeting the growing expectation to trigger resilience. While an owner-driven housing reconstruction (ODHR), inter-disciplinary and long-term approach has been promoted internationally; however, there is limited research focussed on the long-term impacts (>10 years after a disaster) of ODHR. Furthermore, there is no one accepted framework for practitioners to guide through the process of ODHR projects to carve pathways for disaster resilience. The purpose of this paper is to assimilate findings—contingent and generalisable—into a novel framework for future change in practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper deployed a mixed methods methodology with a comparative case study research method. Two case study projects were from the Indian state of Gujarat, 13 years after the 2001 earthquake and the other two from Bihar, 6 years since the 2008 Kosi river floods. Due to multi-disciplinary nature of research, empirical data collection relied on a mix of social sciences methods including 80 semi-structured interviews, and architectural research methods including the visual analysis of photographs and sketches. Three sample groups of agency members, beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were purposively selected. Thematic content analysis was used for the data analysis. Findings The paper provides empirical insights on how ODHR projects in Indian states of Gujarat and Bihar succeeded at enhancing disaster resilience of communities. It suggests that the civil society organisations acted as “enablers” at four stages: envisioning strategically based on systemic understanding, building soft assets including community trust and dignity for social mobilisation prior to, proposing minor modifications to construction technology for its multi-hazard safety as well as cultural relevance, and sustaining capacity building efforts beyond reconstruction completion or beyond one project life-cycle. Research limitations/implications The author of this paper cautions that the spiral framework needs further development to make it flexibility and customisable to suit the specifics of a particular context. Originality/value The implications of the findings discussed in this paper are primarily for practitioners involved in disaster recovery and development sector. Since prevailing models or frameworks neither incorporate multi-disciplinary approach (demanded by socio-ecological systems resilience concept), nor represent project scale, a novel, four-pronged framework for ODHR has been proposed in this paper for strategic success. The framework has been illustrated in spiral and tabular forms, and has been kept abstract to provide practitioners the much-needed flexibility for adapting it to suit the specifics of a particular context.
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Crossley, Mark, Andy Barrett, Brian J. Brown, Jonathan Coope, and Raghu Raghaven. "A systematic review of applied theatre practice in the Indian context of mental health, resilience and wellbeing." Applied Theatre Research 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/atr_00017_1.
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Abstract This systematic review seeks to evaluate the documented uses of applied theatre practice within an Indian context. For the purposes of this review, specific applied theatre practices were focused upon, notably community theatre, theatre in education, theatre in health education and Theatre for Development. This article was written in preparation for a collaborative research project (<uri xlink:href="https://mhri-project.org">http://mhri-project.org</uri>) utilizing community theatre practices to investigate mental health and resilience within slum (basti) communities in the city of Pune, in the state of Maharashtra in India. At its most particular level, the review focuses on theatre interventions within migrant slum communities. Of specific interest is the conjunction of applied theatre with research and practice in mental health and wellbeing, and how such collaborations have investigated levels and modes of mental resilience within migrant communities. The review also draws upon related global research to contextualize and inform the Indian context. At present, systematic reviews are not prevalent within the research fields of theatre generally or applied theatre specifically, yet these reviews arguably offer the breadth of objective evidence required to interrogate the efficacy of this practice. This review is therefore intended to rigorously map the existing academic research and the more diffuse online dialogues within India that are pertinent to the subject; to consider the relations, contradictions, absences and inconsistencies within this literature; and, from this, to articulate key findings that may be integrated into the planning and delivery of new initiatives within this field.