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Chandalia, Manisha, Viswanathan Mohan, Beverley Adams-Huet, Raj Deepa, and Nicola Abate. "Ethnic Difference in Sex Gap in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Between Asian Indians and Whites." Journal of Investigative Medicine 56, no. 3 (2008): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/jim.0b013e31816716fd.
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ObjectiveTo study whether low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reported in Asian Indians is common in both men and women when compared with whites and whether it is related to increased body mass index (BMI) and plasma triglyceride concentration.DesignWe evaluated the lipid profile and prevalence of low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women) in the following cohorts of normoglycemic 1404 men and 1817 women: Asian Indians living in rural India; urban Chennai, India; and Dallas, TX; and whites living in Dallas, TX.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, BMI, and smoking, HDL-C was not significantly different in Asian Indian men compared with whites. However, Asian Indian women had lower HDL-C compared with white women, and rural Asian Indian women had the lowest HDL-C even in the absence of high triglycerides. Lean Asian Indian women with BMI of less than 23 kg/m2 had higher frequency of low HDL-C compared with lean white women with BMI of less than 25 kg/m2 (72%, 56%, 48%, and 25% in rural, urban, and Dallas Asian Indian and white women, respectively) and lean men (52%, 42%, 28%, and 35% in rural, urban, and Dallas Asian Indian and white men, respectively). Sex differences in HDL-C was estimated as 6.6 ± 0.5 mg/dL for Asian Indians and 15.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL for whites (P < 0.0001 for sex difference in the 2 ethnic groups).ConclusionsIncreased prevalence of low HDL-C independently of obesity or hypertriglyceridemia is observed in women but not in men of Asian Indian origin. The sex gap in HDL-C is significantly smaller in Asian Indians compared with whites independent of geographical location.
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Grant, Herb. "American Indians: Working with American Indians and Historical Trauma." Illness, Crisis & Loss 16, no. 2 (2008): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.16.2.c.
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Raman, Rachna, and W. Jay Dowling. "Real-Time Probing of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnātic) Music by Indian and Western Musicians." Music Perception 33, no. 3 (2016): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2016.33.3.367.
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We used Toiviainen and Krumhansl’s (2003) concurrent probe-tone technique to track Indian and Western musicians’ tonal-hierarchy profiles through modulations in Carnātic (South Indian classical) music. Changes of mode (rāgam) are particularly interesting in Carnātic music because of the large number of modes (more than 300) in its tonal system. We first had musicians generate profiles to establish a baseline for each of four rāgams in isolation. Then we obtained dynamic profiles of two modulating excerpts, each of which incorporated two of the four baseline rāgams. The two excerpts used the two techniques of modulation in Carnātic music: grahabēdham (analogous to a Western shift from C major to A minor), and rāgamālikā (analogous to a shift from C major to C minor). We assessed listeners’ tracking of the modulations by plotting the correlations of their response profiles with the baseline profiles. In general, the correlation to the original rāgam declined and the correlation to the new rāgam increased with the modulation, and then followed the reverse pattern when the original rāgam returned. Westerners’ responses matched those of the Indians on rāgams with structures similar to Western scales, but differed when rāgams were less familiar, and surprisingly, they registered the shifts more strongly than Indian musicians. These findings converged with previous research in identifying three types of cues: 1) culture-specific cues—schematic and veridical knowledge—employed by Indians, 2) tone-distribution cues—duration and frequency of note occurrence—employed by both Indians and Westerners, and 3) transference of schematic knowledge of Western music by Western participants.
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Bhol, Alifia, Neha Sanwalka, Jamila Taherali Imani, et al. "An Online Survey to Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Immuno-Nutrition During COVID Pandemic in Indians Staying in Different Countries." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 2 (2021): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.03.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate knowledge and attitude regarding immuno-nutrition in Indians residing in different parts of the world and to evaluate practices adopted during lockdown to boost immunity. A rapid assessment survey was conducted using Google Forms which was circulated amongst Indian community residing in different countries using various social media platforms. Data was collected from 325 Indians from 11 different countries. Participants were regrouped into 4 groups: South Asia, Europe, East Africa and Western Asia based on geographical location.About 85% participants identified most factors that either boost or suppress immunity. More than 90% participants reported vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, proteins and iron as the nutrients that boost immunity. Higher percentage of Indians from South and Western Asia reported that holy basil, asafoetida, cardamom, nuts and Chawanprash helped boost immunity as compared to Indians from Europe and East Africa (p<0.05).The overall minimum knowledge score obtained by participants was 45% and maximum was 100%. Highest marks were obtained by Indians from Western Asia followed by Indians from South Asia then Europe and lastly East Africa. However, there was no significant difference marks obtained by participants.
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Bajaj, Harpreet S., Mark A. Pereira, Rajit Mohan Anjana, et al. "Comparison of Relative Waist Circumference between Asian Indian and US Adults." Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/461956.
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Background. Relative to Europeans, Asian Indians have higher rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Whether differences in body composition may underlie these population differences remains unclear.Methods. We compared directly measured anthropometric data from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) survey of southern Indians (I) with those from three US ethnic groups (C: Caucasians, A: African Americans, and M: Mexican Americans) from NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). A total of 15,733 subjects from CURES and 5,975 from NHANES III met inclusion criteria (age 20–39, no known diabetes).Results. Asian Indian men and women had substantially lower body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body surface area relative to US groups (Pvalues <0.0001). In contrast, the mean (±se) waist-weight ratio was significantly higher (P<0.001) in I (men 1.35 ± 0.002 and women 1.45 ± 0.002) than in all the US groups (1.09, 1.21, and 1.14 in A, M, and C men; 1.23, 1.33, and 1.26 in A, M, and C women (se ranged from 0.005 to 0.006)).Conclusions. Compared to the US, the waist-weight ratio is significantly higher in men and women from Chennai, India. These results support the hypothesis that Southeast Asian Indians are particularly predisposed toward central adiposity.
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Teo, Boon Wee, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Jiemin Liao, et al. "Comparison of CKD-EPI Cystatin C and Creatinine Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation Equations in Asian Indians." International Journal of Nephrology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/746497.
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Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is identified in the general population using estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) calculated from a serum creatinine-based equation, the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Using serum cystatin C in combination may improve eGFR accuracy. We evaluated the new CKD-EPI equations incorporating cystatin C in a population of Asian Indians in classifying CKD across body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension status.Methods. We retrieved standardized serum creatinine and serum cystatin C data from a cohort of 2877 Asian Indians aged 40–80 years from the Singapore Indian Eye Study and calculated eGFR (in mL/min/1.73 m2) with the new CKD-EPI equations and serum creatinine only equation.Results. The creatinine only equation mean eGFR (88 ± 17) was similar to using spline Log cystatin C (88 ± 22). The lowest mean eGFR (81 ± 21) was obtained with the spline Log cystatin C—age, sex, and weight equation. The creatinine only equation had the fewest participants (7.1%) with eGFR <60 and spline Log cystatin C—age, sex, and weight equation had the most (16.1%).Conclusions. Using serum cystatin C resulted in widely varying eGFR which significantly affected the classification of chronic kidney disease.
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Mills, James H. "Drugs, Consumption, and Supply in Asia: The Case of Cocaine in Colonial India, c. 1900–c. 1930." Journal of Asian Studies 66, no. 2 (2007): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911807000587.
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This article examines the market for cocaine in India during the early twentieth century and the efforts of the colonial state to control it. The British authorities issued regulations to prohibit the drug's use as early as 1900, and yet by the start of World War I, cocaine's appeal had become socially diverse and geographically wide. This account of a significant market for a powerful new drug suggests that Indian society was able to rapidly develop a demand for such products even when the colonial state had no part in their introduction. Indians used these new products in complex ways—as medicines, as tonics, and as intoxicants, albeit through the localized medium of the everydaypaanleaf. The study points to a reconsideration of a number of debates about the history of drugs and modern medicines in Asia.
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Raman, Rachna, and W. Jay Dowling. "Perception of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnātic) Music by Student and Teacher Musicians." Music Perception 34, no. 4 (2017): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2017.34.4.424.
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Modulation, a shift in mode (rĀgam), is important in South Indian classical (Carnātic) music. Here we investigate the sensitivity of Carnātic and Western listeners to such shifts. Carnātic music has two kinds of shifts: rāgamālikā (retaining tonal center, resembling a shift from C major to C minor in Western music) and grahabēdham (shifting tonal center, resembling a shift from C major to A minor). Listeners heard modulating pieces of music and indicated the point of modulation, and were measured for accuracy and latency. Indians were more accurate than Westerners with both types of modulation but Westerners were faster with grahabēdhams. Cues could explain performance differences between nationalities: Indians were more familiar with rāgamālikā-type modulations whereas Westerners’ culture made them more familiar with grahabēdham-type modulations. Increased caution toward the less familiar grahabēdhams for Indians could explain their slower response time compared to rāgamālikās. With grahabēdhams, hit rates for both groups were comparably high, but Westerners’ lower level of accuracy was due to higher false-alarm rates to lures that were superficially similar to actual modulations. This indicated their dependence on surface-level cues in the absence of familiarity and culture-specific information. Music training helped teachers in both groups make fewer errors when compared to students. Older listeners’ performance was comparable to that of younger listeners.
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Zain, Mohd Aizat, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Sharmilla Kanagasundram, and Zahurin Mohamed. "Genetic association study of PDLIM5 and HTR2A variants in Malaysian subjects diagnosed with bipolar disorder; a genetic modelling approach." Neuroscience Research Notes 1, no. 1 (2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v1i1.9.
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Genetic hereditary has been implicated in bipolar disorder pathogenesis. The PDLIM5 and HTR2A genes have been investigated for its association with bipolar disorder in various populations, however, the results have been conflicting. In this study, we investigate the association between bipolar disorder and the two genes of interest, PDLIM5 and HTR2A genes. We recruited 253 bipolar disorder patients (75 Malays, 104 Chinese, and 74 Indians) and 505 control individuals (198 Malays, 155 Chinese, and 152 Indians) from three ethnic groups within Malaysian population. We genotyped for 3 SNPs of the PDLIM5 (rs2433320, rs2433322 and rs2438146) and 3 SNPs of the HTR2A (rs6313, rs2070040 and rs6311). Significant associations between bipolar disorder and each of the 3 SNPs of PDLIM5 in Malays, Indians and pooled samples. However, only rs2438146 remains significant in the Malays as co-dominant (T/T vs. C/C, p=0.004, OR=0.128, 95%CI=0.031-0.524) and recessive genetic models (T/T vs. C/T+C/C, p=0.003, OR=0.122, 95%CI=0.030-0.494) after applying conservative Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis of 3 SNPs of PDLIM5 also showed a significant association with bipolar disorder. No association was observed between bipolar disorder and each of the 3 SNPs of HTR2A in any of the ethnicities. We conclude that PDLIM5 polymorphisms are associated with bipolar disorder in the pooled analysis. After stratification to different ethnic groups, the association remains significant in the Malay and Indian groups. The association is also supported by the significant association in haplotype analysis of PDLIM5. We also conclude there is no association between the HTR2A polymorphisms in the Malaysian population.
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PERKINS, C. RYAN. "London, Lucknow and the Global Indian City c. 1857–1920." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 27, no. 4 (2017): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000323.
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AbstractWhen Abdul Halim Sharar (1860-1926) set sail for England to ensure the Eton College-bound son of Viqar-ul Omrah (Prime Minister of the Nizam of Hyderabad, 1894–1901) received an Indo-Islamic education, it was Sharar's first foray outside of India. Like many previous Indian travelers he found his experiences to be eye opening. Inspired by his sojourns in England, Italy, France, and Spain, he serially published his travelogues upon his return to India in 1896. Providing examples of the failures and successes of industrialization, such accounts were evocative in their detail. They provided middle class Indians with global and historical perspectives of the changes brought by colonialism, industrialization, and urbanization in European and Indian cities. Drawing from Sharar's and other travelers’ accounts of the period, this essay examines the use of literature to humanize Lucknow's urban landscape, not only to transform the city, but also the relationship between the city and its inhabitants into one of sympathy and affection.
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Paryż, Marek. "The Polish Pocahontas Story: The Life of „the First Pole among the American Indians” According to Bolesław Zieliński." Tekstualia 2, no. 57 (2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3538.
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The Polish Pocahontas Story: The Life of „the First Pole among the American Indians” According to Bolesław Zieliński In the inter-war years, so-called „Indian novels” enjoyed immense popularity with the younger Polish reading audience. The article analyzes a representative novel in this genre, Orli Szpon (Eagle Talon) by Bolesław Zieliński, as an example of a literary construction of Polishness based on a specifi c idea of racial difference. Its plot revolves around a love relationship between a Polish man and an Indian woman, therefore it brings to mind the story of Pocahontas as an important analogue. Reading Orli Szpon in the light of the colonialist implications of the story of Pocahontas shows the extent to which Zieliński’s novel relies on the schematic and biased imaginings about American Indians that dated back the colonial era and dominated American depictions of the Natives in the course of the nineteenth century.
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Tsai, Ching-Wei, Kari E. North, Adrienne Tin, et al. "Both Rare and Common Variants in PCSK9 Influence Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in American Indians." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 2 (2015): E345—E349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3340.
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Abstract Context: Elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Variants in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene have been associated not only with plasma LDL-C concentration, but also with ischemic heart disease. Little is known about the genetic architecture of PCSK9 and its influence on LDL-C in American Indians. Objective: We aimed to investigate the genetic architecture in the 1p32 region encompassing PCSK9 and its influence on LDL-C in American Indians. Design: The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) is a family-based genetic study. Participants: Two thousand four hundred fifty eight American Indians from Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and South Dakota, who were genotyped by Illumina MetaboChip. Results: We genotyped 486 SNPs in a 3.9 Mb region at chromosome 1p32 encompassing PCSK9 in 2458 American Indians. We examined the association between these SNPs and LDL-C. For common variants (MAF ≥ 1%), meta-analysis across the three geographic regions showed common variants in PCSK9 were significantly associated with higher LDL-C. The most significant SNP rs12067569 (MAF = 1.7 %, β = 16.9 ± 3.7, P = 5.9 × 10−6) was in complete LD (r2 = 1) with a nearby missense SNP, rs505151 (E670G) (β = 15.0 ± 3.6, P = 3.6 × 10−5). For rare variants (MAF &lt; 1%), rs11591147 (R46L, MAF = 0.9%) was associated with lower LDL-C (β = − 31.1 ± 7.1, P = 1.4 × 10−5). The mean (SD) of LDL-C was 76.9 (7.8) and 107.4 (1.0) mg/dL for those with and without the R46L mutation, respectively. One person who was homozygous for R46L had LDL-C levels of 11 mg/dL. In one family, 6 out of 8 members carrying the R46L mutation had LDL-C levels below the lower 10% percentile of LDL-C among all study participants. Conclusions: Both rare and common variants in PCSK9 influence plasma LDL-C levels in American Indians. Follow-up studies may disclose the influence of these mutations on the risk of CVD and responses to cholesterol-lowering medications.
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Hadella, Paul. "Wild Indians & Other Creatures by Adrian C. Louis." Western American Literature 31, no. 4 (1997): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1997.0004.
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Fu, Steven S., Kristine L. Rhodes, Christina Robert, Rachel Widome, Jean L. Forster, and Anne M. Joseph. "Designing and Evaluating Culturally Specific Smoking Cessation Interventions for American Indian Communities." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16, no. 1 (2013): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt111.
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Abstract Introduction: American Indians have the highest smoking rates in the United States, yet few randomized controlled trials of culturally specific interventions exist. This study assessed American Indians’ opinions about evidence-based treatment and attitudes toward participating in clinical trials. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted based on smoking status (current/former smoker), sex, and elder status (55 years and older or younger). Meetings were held at local American Indian community organizations. This project was accomplished in partnership with the American Indian Community Tobacco Projects, a community–academic research partnership at the University of Minnesota. Thematic qualitative data analyses were conducted. Results: Participants desired the following: (a) programs led by trained American Indian community members, (b) the opportunity to connect with other American Indian smokers interested in quitting, and (c) programs promoting healthy lifestyles. Strategies desired for treatment included (a) free pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (b) nominal incentives, e.g., gift cards for groceries; and (c) culturally specific program components such as American Indian images, education on traditional tobacco use, and quit-smoking messages that target the value of family and include narratives or story telling in recruitment and program materials. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence, such as salivary cotinine or carbon monoxide breathalyzers, is likely acceptable. Standard treatment or delayed treatment control groups were viewed as potentially acceptable for randomized study designs. Conclusions: Rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials of culturally specific smoking cessation interventions are sorely needed but will only be accomplished with the commitment of funders, researchers, and collaborative trusting relationships with the community.
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Шарма Сушіл Кумар. "Why Desist Hyphenated Identities? Reading Syed Amanuddin's Don't Call Me Indo-Anglian." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 2 (2018): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.sha.
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The paper analyses Syed Amanuddin’s “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian” from the perspective of a cultural materialist. In an effort to understand Amanuddin’s contempt for the term, the matrix of identity, language and cultural ideology has been explored. The politics of the representation of the self and the other that creates a chasm among human beings has also been discussed. The impact of the British colonialism on the language and psyche of people has been taken into account. This is best visible in the seemingly innocent introduction of English in India as medium of instruction which has subsequently brought in a new kind of sensibility and culture unknown hitherto in India. Indians experienced them in the form of snobbery, racism, highbrow and religious bigotry. P C Ray and M K Gandhi resisted the introduction of English as the medium of instruction. However, a new class of Indo-Anglians has emerged after independence which is not different from the Anglo-Indians in their attitude towards India. The question of identity has become important for an Indian irrespective of the spatial or time location of a person. 
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Rhoades. "Commentary: Disparities in Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives." American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 13, no. 1 (2006): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.1301.2006.c.
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Miller, Larisa. "Counting Context: C. E. Kelsey's 1906 Census of Nonreservation Indians in Northern California." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 2 (2014): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.2.l62h2r5280246383.
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C. E. Kelsey's census of nonreservation Indians in Northern California in 1905 to 1906 was the first enumeration of its kind. It counted 11,755 Indians that were not supported by the US government, which was far more than were thought to exist. Intended as the blueprint for implementing Kelsey's proposed policy of providing federal relief through land purchases, the census was later used for population studies. The census lacks explanatory documentation and scholars have introduced errors to the population totals. Using archival sources, this article explores the context and purpose of the census and identifies those subsequent errors.
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Nirwan, R., and D. Singh. "Distribution of Lipids and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Indian Expatriates in Qatar." Journal of Lipids 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8866784.
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Background. Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). If detected and managed in the early stages of life, can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CVD in a vulnerable population. Out of the 94 expatriate nationalities in Qatar, Indians constitute the most prominent single nationality, accounting for 21.8% of the total population (2,773,885 in 2019). This study aims to determine the status of the lipid profile among Indians in Qatar. Study Design. We conducted an observational retrospective study on lipid profile test data of Indian expatriates visiting a private healthcare facility in Qatar from Oct 17 to Oct 2018 to evaluate the gender and age-specific distribution of lipids and the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results. Among the total 4483 Indian expatriates (3891 men and 592 women), the mean (SD) mg/dL levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher in men TC 196.9 (40.6), TG 168.9 (114.6), and LDL-C 122.9 (37.2) mg/dL compared to women TC 185 (38.1), TG 117.7 (78.2), and LDL-C 114.1 (31.1) mg/dL, p value < 0.0001. Utilizing predefined National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) limits to categorize dyslipidemias; the greater prevalence of elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C was noted in men 44.7%, 45.8%, and 40.9% than women 31.6%, 22%, and 28.7%, respectively. However, women had higher levels of mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as 47.1 (9.8) mg/dL vs. 40.6 (8.3) mg/dL in men, p value < 0.05, the prevalence of dyslipidemia, low HDL-C was also more 65.7% vs. 48.9% in women than men. With age, men showed a declining trend while women showed a rising trend for mean lipid levels as well as for the prevalence of dyslipidemia, high TC, TG, and LDL-C ( p value < 0.0001). The mean HDL-C cholesterol increased, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, low HDL-C decreased with age in both the genders. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate the higher mean lipid levels and prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia among Indian expatriate men than women counterparts at the younger age group. The screening programs and awareness campaigns must be initiated to prevent the early onset of dyslipidemia induced atherosclerosis leading to CVD. Future controlled studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemias among Indian migrants in Qatar.
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Mahajan, Anubha, Rubina Tabassum, Sreenivas Chavali, et al. "High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels and Type 2 Diabetes in Urban North Indians." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 6 (2009): 2123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-2754.
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Abstract Context: Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels have frequently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, very little is known about this in Asian Indians, a high-risk group. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association of hsCRP with T2D and to determine its correlates in North Indians of Indo-European origin. Design and Patients: A cross-sectional population-based study of 2520 urban subjects, comprising 1410 T2D patients and 1110 nondiabetic subjects, was carried out and 18 metabolic traits were assessed. Results: Median hsCRP levels were significantly higher in both diabetic men and women as compared to their nondiabetic counterparts (P &lt; 0.0001). Elevated hsCRP was positively associated with T2D (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.28; P = 0.002) even after adjusting for markers of obesity. After adjustments for age, sex, and BMI, HbA1c was the major correlate of hsCRP in nondiabetic subjects (β = 0.28; P = 0.03). We observed that T2D patients were at higher risk for cardiovascular disease compared to nondiabetic subjects when classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on hsCRP levels (ptrend = 3.8 ×10−15). Conclusions: We demonstrate the association of low-grade systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated hsCRP levels, with T2D in North Indian population. This association was independent of obesity. Obesity and glycemic control were the major correlates of hsCRP levels. Future studies are required to evaluate the influence of modulators including genetic variations on the elevation of hsCRP levels in this population.
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Gan, G.-G., R. Subramaniam, L.-H. Lian, and Vs Nadarajan. "ETHNIC VARIATION IN INTERLEUKIN-6 –174 (G/C) POLYMORPHISM IN THE MALAYSIAN POPULATION." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 16, no. 2 (2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2013-0032.
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ABSTRACT Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokines that has been well studied and implicated in many diseases including cancers. The frequency of the IL-6 -174 (G/C) polymorphism had been proven to differ in various populations. Malaysia is a country with three major ethnic populations, Malays, Chinese and Indians. In this study, we proposed to determine the G or C allele frequency of the IL-6 -174 polymorphism in these three populations. A total of 348 blood samples were available for analysis. The median age for the subjects was 31 years. There were a total of 245 males and 103 females. A total of 86 Malays (25.0%), 122 Chinese (33.0%) and 140 Indians (40.0%) were genotyped. The result showed a significant difference in the G or C allele frequency of the -174 polymorphism. The total frequencies for the G and C alleles were 91.0 and 9.0%, respectively. In the Malays, the allele frequency of the C allele was 4.0% compared with 19.0% in the Indians. The C allele was not detected in the Chinese population. This finding is the first reported on the Malaysian population and may be important in determining risk of diseases associated with the IL-6 polymorphism in these three populations
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PENN HILDEN, PATRICIA. "VISIONS AND REVISIONS: HISTORIES OF THE MARGINS." Historical Journal 40, no. 2 (1997): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9600711x.
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Negotiators of change. Historical perspectives on native American women. By Nancy Shoemaker. New York: Routledge, 1995. Pp. 1 + 236. £13.99Deadly medicine. Indians and alcohol in early America. By P. C. Mancall. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995. Pp. viii + 268. $29.95The American Revolution in Indian country. By C. G. Calloway. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. vii + 327. £40.00Women's work, men's work. The informal slave economies of lowcountry Georgia. By Betty Wood. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995. Pp. ix + 247. $45.00Power and everyday life. The lives of working women in nineteenth-century Brazil. By Maria O. Silva Dias. Oxford: Polity Press, 1995. Pp. v + 221. £12.95
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Danes, Sharon M., Jennifer Garbow, and Becky Hagen Jokela. "Financial Management and Culture: The American Indian Case." Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 27, no. 1 (2016): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.27.1.61.
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Study investigates distal and proximal contextual influences of the American Indian culture that affect financial decisions and behaviors. Primary household financial managers were interviewed. Study was grounded in Deacon and Firebaugh’s Family Resource Management theory. Findings indicated that American Indians view many concepts differently than conventional disciplinary meanings. Most critical is that money is not the only currency used within the culture but relationships and nature are also used as other currencies. Further findings of note are (a) the cultural belief that resources must be shared with all family members is seen as an obligation and often creates major resource demands, (b) spirituality and nature are of major importance in resource decisions, and (c) the holistic, integrated view of health and well-being is essential to consider when working with American Indians on resource management. Three resource management patterns were discovered: mainstream, traditional, and hybrid. Expense and income worksheets were developed reflecting cultural nuances.
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BELLENOIT, HAYDEN J. A. "Missionary Education, Religion and Knowledge in India, c.1880–1915." Modern Asian Studies 41, no. 2 (2007): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x05002143.
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Christian missionaries were some of the most influential actors in colonial India. Yet they only began working recently in relation to larger British influence in the subcontinent. Originally banned from the territories of the East India Company for fears of upsetting Indian religious sensibilities, they were allowed to operate after 1843 in parallel with a rising Utilitarian and evangelist fervour in Britain and within particular Company circles; the latter often blurred the distinctions between ‘moral improvement’, civilisation and Christianity. Missionaries were influential in the debate over sati and the subsequent outlaw of its practice. Protestant encounters with Hinduism and Islam were defined by the rhetoric of ‘heathen’ and ‘unbelievers’, as missionaries derided the ‘idolatry’ of Hinduism and ‘bigotry’ of Islam. Some of the first mission schools established were in the Bombay Presidency, Bengal and the Punjab. During this period missionaries ascribed utility to the corpus of western scholarship as an ally against Indian religions. They hoped to ‘prove’ their falsehoods. The primary way to do this was through western education, arguing that western scholarship was saturated with Christian morals and that such ethoses would transform Indians accordingly. This was a period when the symmetry between Christianity and western scholarship was championed by missionaries such as John Murdoch and Alexander Duff. After the Indian Mutiny (1857–8), missionaries were held in check (at least officially) by the colonial state as a means of avoiding upsetting Indian religious sensibilities. Yet, ironically, in northern India missionaries came to be relied upon by a cash-strapped Education Department. They came to dominate education and were credited with doing much to push the frontiers of western pedagogy in their efforts to propagate their faith.
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Schänzer, Anne, Alexander Pepler, Corina Heller, Bernd Neubauer, Andreas Hahn, and Michelle Grzybowski. "Novel STAC3 Mutations in the First Non-Amerindian Patient with Native American Myopathy." Neuropediatrics 48, no. 06 (2017): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601868.
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AbstractNative American myopathy (NAM) is an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy, up till now exclusively described in Lumbee Indians who harbor one single homozygous mutation (c.1046G>C, pW284S) in the STAC3 gene, encoding a protein important for proper excitation–contraction coupling in muscle. Here, we report the first non-Amerindian patient of Turkish ancestry, being compound heterozygous for the mutations c.862A>T (p.K288*) and c.432+4A>T (aberrant splicing with skipping of exon 4). Symptoms in NAM include congenital muscle weakness and contractures, progressive scoliosis, early ventilatory failure, a peculiar facial gestalt with mild ptosis and downturned corners of the mouth, short stature, and marked susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. This case shows that NAM should also be considered in non-Indian patients with congenital myopathy, and suggests that STAC3 mutations should be taken into account as a potential cause of malignant hyperthermia.
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Shivakumar, Nirupama, Meghanaa Kumar, Manasa Aswathanarayan, et al. "Role of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Obese Asian Indians with Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 31, no. 1 (2012): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-011-0032-4.
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Role of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Obese Asian Indians with Metabolic SyndromeRetinol-binding protein 4 is an adipocytokine separately implicated in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and proatherogenic lipid profile, however, its role in humans is unclear. This study was carried out to assess the role of retinol-binding protein 4 as a potential marker of metabolic syndrome in obese Asian Indians (a high-risk population for diabetes). 52 obese (BMI >23 kg/m2) Asian Indians were grouped into those with and without metabolic syndrome based on IDF criteria and compared with healthy controls. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, serum insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and retinol-binding protein 4) were estimated. The obese groups had significantly altered adiposity indices, insulin resistance parameters (fasting blood sugar (only in the metabolic syndrome group), serum insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI), index of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and proatherogenic dyslipidemic profile (serum triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio). Retinol-binding protein 4 levels were elevated in the obese groups, but were not significant. Retinol-binding protein 4 levels were correlated with anthro-pometric parameters and atherogenic lipids, while C-reactive protein was correlated with anthropometric and insulin resistance parameters in the entire group of subjects. Although these correlations were not observed in the obese groups, in the control group, retinol-binding protein 4 was correlated to the lipid parameters and C-reactive protein to adiposity indices. Thus, the role of retinol-binding protein 4 as a potential marker of metabolic syndrome is limited to the prediction of proatherogenic risk among Asian Indians.
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Reddy, Sheela, and T. A. B. Sanders. "Haematological studies on pre-menopausal Indian and Caucasian vegetarians compared with Caucasian omnivores." British Journal of Nutrition 64, no. 2 (1990): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900035.
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Full blood counts, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate, erythrocyte folate concentrations and nutrient intakes were estimated in twenty-three Indian vegetarian, twenty-two Caucasian omnivores and eighteen Caucasian vegetarian women aged 25–40 years. Energy and copper intakes were lower in the Indian women than in the Caucasians. Intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin C and folate were greater and the proportion of energy derived from fat was lower in the vegetarians than in the omnivores. Vitamin B12 and protein intakes were lower in both vegetarian groups than in the omnivores. Fe intake was similar in all the groups but haem Fe provided one-quarter of the Fe intake of the omnivores. Haemoglobin concentrations were generally inside the normal range in all groups, but were lower in the Indians as were mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Higher MCV, MCH and lower erythrocyte (RBC) counts were observed in Caucasian vegetarians compared with the Caucasian omnivores. In both groups of vegetarians, concentrations of serum vitamin B12 and ferritin were markedly lower than in the omnivores. RBC folate concentrations were lower in the Indians than in either of the Caucasian groups when subjects taking supplements were excluded. It is concluded that vegetarians need to ensure they have adequate intakes of Fe and vitamin B12.
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CD, Sadanand, Anitha J, and Raveesh PM. "Relation between high sensitivity C reactive protein to obesity among indians." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 4, no. 11 (2015): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2015.28042015314.
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CD, Sadanand, Anitha J, and Raveesh PM. "Relation between high sensitivity C reactive protein to obesity among indians." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 4, no. 11 (2015): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2015.280420153141.
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Tanaka, Y., E. Orito, T. Kato, et al. "GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among Colombian native Indians." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 59, no. 3 (1998): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.462.
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De Oliveira, Anderson José Machado. "The Native Clergy in Portuguese America: The Presence of Descendants of Indians and Africans in the Secular Clergy (c. 1670–c. 1820)." Religions 15, no. 3 (2024): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15030353.
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This article conducts an analytical overview of the controversies and acts that resulted in the formation of a native clergy in Portuguese America. The analysis is limited to the secular clergy and the ways by which descendants of Africans and Indians were incorporated into this segment of the Church. The author addresses the way parts of these groups developed strategies to access the priesthood, seeking to escape subaltern positions and consolidating processes of social mobility.
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Menon, Sneha. "Book review: Snigdha Poonam, Dreamers: How Young Indians Are Changing the World." Indian Journal of Human Development 13, no. 3 (2019): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703019885491.
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Shah, Swarup A. V., Kiyoshi Ichihara, Alpa J. Dherai, and Tester F. Ashavaid. "Reference intervals for 33 biochemical analytes in healthy Indian population: C-RIDL IFCC initiative." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56, no. 12 (2018): 2093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0152.
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Abstract Background In 2011, the IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) initiated a worldwide multicenter study on references values facilitating the implementation of country-specific reference intervals (RIs). There has been no well-designed RI study in India. This study aims to derive RIs for 33 major biochemical analytes in carefully selected healthy Indians as defined in C-RIDL protocol. Methods A total of 512 healthy Indians were recruited. Sera collected from overnight fasting blood samples were measured collectively for the analytes. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify the potential sources of variation (SV) of test results. RI were derived by both parametric and non-parametric methods for comparison. The need for secondary exclusion by latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method was examined. Results MRA results indicated that both age and BMI were apparent SV for many analytes in both sexes. ANOVA revealed that partition of RIs by gender and age was required for 17 analytes (TC, HDL-C, TG, hsCRP, ALB, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, TBil, Urea, CRE, UA, Fe, TTR, CK and IgM) and 5 (Glu, ALB, TC, ALP and Urea), respectively. RIs by parametric method were generally narrower than by non-parametric method, reflecting distorted peripheral distributions of test results. The LAVE method had no appreciable effect on RIs possibly due to inconsistency among abnormal values of related analytes. Conclusions This study has for the first time provided comprehensive RIs information in healthy Indians. The final RIs adopted were those derived by parametric method without LAVE procedure.
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Green, Nile. "Shared infrastructures, informational asymmetries: Persians and Indians in Japan,c.1890–1930." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (2013): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000351.
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AbstractDrawing on primary materials in Persian, Urdu, and English, this article compares Persian and Indian travel accounts to assess the similarities and differences of contemporaneous encounters with Japan. By linking Persian and Urdu writings from either side of 1900 to the differential impact of industrial communications (vernacular printing, steam travel) on Persia and India, the article reconstructs the global connections and inter-Asian networks that suddenly rendered Japan an important touchstone for intellectuals in the Middle East no less than South Asia. By presenting a triangulated and comparative model of inter-Asian exchange, the article contributes to building robust material foundations for positioning Asia, and its Muslims in particular, within global intellectual history, and concludes by contrasting the sources of information generation that preceded ideological formation.
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Bhushan, Bharat, Randeep Guleria, Anoop Misra, Ravinder M. Pandey, Kalpana Luthra, and Naval Kishor Vikram. "Obstructive Sleep Apnoea correlates with C-reactive protein in obese Asian Indians." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 19, no. 3 (2009): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2008.06.008.
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Misra, Anoop. "C-reactive protein in young individuals: problems and implications for Asian Indians." Nutrition 20, no. 5 (2004): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.019.
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de Hoog, Vince C., Swee Han Lim, Ingrid EM Bank, et al. "HEART score performance in Asian and Caucasian patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 7, no. 7 (2017): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872617700870.
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Background: The HEART score is a simple and effective tool to predict short-term major adverse cardiovascular events in patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome. Patients are assigned to three risk categories using History, ECG, Age, Risk factors and Troponin (HEART). The purpose is early rule out and discharge is considered safe for patients in the low risk category. Its performance in patients of Asian ethnicity is unknown. We evaluated the performance of the HEART score in patients of Caucasian, Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnicity. Methods: The HEART score was assessed retrospectively in 3456 patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome (1791 Caucasians, 1059 Chinese, 344 Indians, 262 Malays), assigning them into three risk categories. Results: The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events within six weeks after presentation was similar between the ethnic groups. A smaller proportion of Caucasians was in the low risk category compared with Asians (Caucasians 35.8%, Chinese 43.5%, Indians 45.3%, Malays 44.7%, p<0.001). The negative predictive value of a low HEART score was comparable across the ethnic groups, but lower than previously reported (Caucasians 95.3%, Chinese 95.0%, Indians 96.2%, Malays 96.6%). Also the c-statistic for the HEART score was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: These results show that the overall performance of the HEART score is equal among Caucasian and Asian ethnic groups. The event rate in the low risk group, however, was higher than reported in previous studies, which queries the safety of early discharge of patients in the low risk category.
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Marsh, Kate. "‘The only safe haven of refuge in all the world’: Paris, Indian ‘revolutionaries’ and imperial rivalry, c. 1905–40." French Cultural Studies 30, no. 3 (2019): 196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155819841271.
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Focusing on British Indian subjects who travelled to France in the early twentieth century and who resided in Paris, this article argues that these migrants occupied a position that was simultaneously privileged and invidious. It urges that closer attention be paid to the group for two reasons. First, British Indians in Paris were able to negotiate contentious and potentially hazardous political situations according to context and audience, sometimes mobilising their status as British subjects as a means of achieving limited preferential treatment from the French state, at other times making use of a certain conception of Frenchness to garner support among socialist and anti-imperial movements. Second, the policing of the group reveals collaboration and competition between imperial nation-states and between different anti-colonial movements, analysis of which can nuance the growing body of historical research on the policing of foreigners and colonial subjects in Europe.
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Jayandharan, Giridhara, Auro Viswabandya, Shoma Baidya, et al. "Mutations in coagulation factor XIII A gene in eight unrelated Indians." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 95, no. 03 (2006): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th05-09-0617.
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SummaryFactor XIII deficiency is a rare autosomal (1:2,000,000) recessive disorder of blood coagulation usually attributed to mutations in the coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) A gene. We have studied the molecular basis of FXIII deficiency in eight unrelated South Indian patients. Their diagnosis was based on clinical history, normal plasma clotting times and increased solubility of fibrin clot in5 mol/l urea. Genomic DNA was screened for FXIII A gene defects by a novel PCR and CSGE strategy. Mutations were identified in all these patients. Five of these were novel mutations occurring in four patients. These included a novel c.210T>G transversion in homozygosity in exon 3 predicting a Tyr69X in the beta-sandwich domain in one patient. Another patient was compound heterozygote for a novel c.791C>T transition predicting a Ser263Phe in the core domain and a novel c.2045–1G>A transition at the acceptor splice junction of in tron 14. Two novel frame shifts were also identified in two patients in a homozygous condition. One of them resulted from a single base ‘G’ duplication (c.892_895dupG) at codons Ser290/Ala291fs affecting the core domain and the other was due to a single base ‘A’ duplication (c.1642_1644dupA) and at codonTyr547fs affecting barrel-1 domain. The remaining four patients had the previously reported Arg260His, Ser413Leu, and Val414Phe (n = 2) missense mutations in the core domain. The novel mutations identified were considered to be disease causative by studying the nature of mutation, the degree of conservation of the mutated aminoacid among transglutaminases of different species and by molecular modeling. Apart from describing a significant number of novel mutations, this report is the first study from Southern India to describe FXIII A gene mutations.
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Hamilton, Bernard. "Western Christian Contacts with Buddhism, c.1050–1350." Studies in Church History 51 (2015): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400050129.
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The existence of Buddhism was known to some people in the Graeco-Roman world. Writing about two centuries after the birth of Christ, Clement of Alexandria recorded: ‘Some of the Indians obey the precepts of Buddha, whom, on account of his extraordinary sanctity, they have raised to divine honours.’ No Latin translation was made of this part of Clement’s work, and nothing was known of Buddhism in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages. In 1048 an anonymous Western scholar living in Constantinople made a Latin translation from the Greek of a story called Barlaam and Ioasaph, which was wrongly attributed to John of Damascus (d. c.75o).This appeared to be a saint’s life: it told how the Indian prince Ioasaph had renounced the world and embraced an austere ascetic life under the direction of the hermit Barlaam. In fact, this was a life of Prince Gautama, the Buddha. This version had originated in the kingdom of Bactria and had been translated into Arabic and later into Georgian, from which the Greek version was made in the early eleventh century. In the process of transmission the text had been Christianized. Prince Ioasaph, who renounced earthly glory to lead the contemplative life, fitted easily into the pattern of Christian hagiography, and his life proved popular because of its exotic setting in the Indies. During the Middle Ages the Latin version was translated into most Western languages, but Western people remained ignorant of Buddhism until the rise of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century made it possible for them to travel to central and eastern Asia.
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Reddy, Aakash, Katari Venkatesh, Sayani Sahu, et al. "Intron-specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Fat Mass and Obesity- Associated Gene in Obese and Overweight Individuals of the Indian Adult Population- A Pilot Study." Current Diabetes Reviews 16, no. 1 (2019): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2542591901666181126144449.
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Background: The Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and its involvement in weight gain and obesity is well-known. However, no reports have been published on the Indian population regarding the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its intronic region and obesity. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the frequency and association of SNPs in intron-1 of the FTO gene in obese and overweight Indian adults. Methods: This study group consisted of 80 adults, aged 23.5 ± 8.9 yr, with a mean BMI of 28.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2. Genomic DNA was isolated, exons1-3 & intron1 of FTO were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by ABI sequencing detection system. The reported SNPs rs1420185, rs8050136, rs1121980 and rs55872725 were checked for their presence or absence in this group of the adult Indian population. Results: No mutations were found in the exonic sequence of FTO, however, the association of rs1420185, rs8050136, rs1121980 and rs55872725 SNPs was identified in this population. The genotypic frequency at FTO rs8050136 was 32.2% for C>A, at rs55872725 it was 45.7% for C>T, at rs1420185 it was 27.1% for T>C and at rs1121980 it was 30.5% for G>A. All four SNPs in combination were observed in 6 participants (10.2%), all of whom were found to be either obese or overweight. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Indians with these SNPs are most likely to be at increased risk of obesity.
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C D, Sadanand, Bindumathi P L, and Madhusudhana L. "CORRELATION BETWEEN HIGH SENSITIVITY C - REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LIPIDS IN OBESITY AMONG INDIANS." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 42 (2015): 7304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/1061.
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Dent, Richard J. "Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Helen C. Rountree , Thomas E. Davidson." Journal of Anthropological Research 55, no. 1 (1999): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.55.1.3630996.
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Sambasivan, Venkatasubramanian, Kolluri Janaki Rama Murthy, Ravindra Reddy, Valluri Vijayalakshimi, and Qurratulain Hasan. "P2X7 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk Assessment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Asian Indians." Disease Markers 28, no. 1 (2010): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/843729.
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Objective:Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Extracellular ATP induces macrophage bactericidal activity through activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor. This case- control study assesses the association of −762 T/C, 1513A/C and 1729T/A P2X7 polymorphisms in patients with PTB and healthy controls to establish association if any with risk of developing the disease.Materials and methods:The genotyping for P2X7 was carried out using PCR and RFLP analysis in 256 individuals, which included 156 active PTB patients and 100 age and sex, matched healthy volunteers with no clinical symptoms or family history of PTB as controls.Results:A chi square test showed a significant difference between the PTB patient and controls for −762 C allele;p=0.0051 (OR 1.6972, CI 95% 1.1839 to 2.4332) and1729 T allele was found to be positively associated with the PTB;p< 0.0005 (OR-2.4623, CI 95% 1.6376 to 3.7022). 1513A/C polymorphism did not show any significant difference between the two groups.Significance:The study revealed a significant association of P2X7-762C allele and P2X7 1729T allele receptor polymorphisms with PTB in Asian Indian population. The use of these alleles as biomarkers for identifying individuals at high risk of developing TB needs to be ascertained.
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Wong, D., E. Swint, E. Paisano, and T. Peterman. "Regional STD Rates and Trends Among American Indians and Alaska Natives–1998–2004." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (2006): S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s141-c.
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Tirumalasetty, Devika, Deepak Gopal Shewade, Biswajit Dubashi, and Srinivasa Rao Katiboina. "Ethnic differences in allele, genotype distributions and lung cancer risk of polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic pathway genes in south Indian population." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 9 (2018): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183463.
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Background: Gemcitabine is a widely used cytotoxic drug in the treatment of a number of solid tumors, for instance, lung, pancreatic as well as breast cancer. As a consequence of the progressive genomic instability, the efficiency rates have eventually lowered. Genetic approach targeting one or several genes in drug targeting pathways facilitates substantially more valuable details in explaining the association between variants and also the efficacy of gemcitabine therapy. In addition, several researchers have reported ethnic discrepancies in clinical response to gemcitabine. Thus, the present study was aimed to establish the normative frequencies of genes associated with the metabolic pathway of Gemcitabine (RRM1 -37C>A (rs12806698), RRM1 -524T>C (rs11030918), CDA 79A>C (rs2072671) and CDA 435 C>T (rs1048977) in South Indian healthy population and compared with 1000 genome population. Additionally, the association of these SNPs with the risk of developing lung cancer was also evaluated.Methods: This study was carried out on 184 healthy subjects and 123 lung cancer patients of South Indian origin and genotyping was done using RT-PCR (Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). The frequencies of the above polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p >0 .05).Results: The minor allele frequencies of the SNPs RRM1 -37C>A (rs12806698), RRM1 -524T>C (rs11030918), CDA 79A>C (rs2072671) and CDA -435 C>T (rs1048977) were 31.3, 36.7, 24.5 and 22.0 respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant difference observed between the genotype and allele frequencies of south Indians with the 1000 genome populations. We also found that SNPs of RRM1 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk.
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Colah, R., D. Mohanty, A. Gorakshakar та S. Phanasgaonkar. "Detection of two rare β -thalassemia mutations [-90 (C ® T) and CD 26 (C ®T)] among Indians". Indian Journal of Human Genetics 11, № 2 (2005): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.16805.
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Nair, Anup K., Paolo Piaggi, Nellie A. McLean, et al. "Assessment of established HDL-C loci for association with HDL-C levels and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians." Diabetologia 59, no. 3 (2015): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3835-x.
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Toh, Tsun Haw, Kheng Seang Lim, Ching Ching Ng, et al. "Genotypic and phenotypic variation of CADASIL among Chinese, Indians and Rungus in Malaysia." Neuroscience Research Notes 2, no. 3 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v2i3.35.
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Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary disease of small cerebral arteries. This case series aims to describe the mutations in NOTCH3 and their phenotypes in Malaysia. We included patients who were genetically confirmed to have CADASIL, diagnosed at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Family members who fulfilled clinical or imaging criteria, and patients from two previous published Malaysian families were also included. Six families (eleven cases) were included in this series. Genetic testing revealed NOTCH3 mutations in c.328C>T (p.Arg110Cys, R110C), c.533T>G (p.Cys185Gly, C185G), c.1630C>T (p.Arg544Cys, R544C) and c.160C>T (p.Arg54Cys, R54C). Two out of four Chinese families had R544C mutation in exon 11, with a later age of onset, absence of migraine and lack of anterior temporal pole involvement on MRI. One family with mixed Indian and Chinese ancestry had a mutation in exon 3 with R110C and another Indian family exon 4 with C185G mutation. This case series highlights the genotypic and phenotypic variability of CADASIL in a multiethnic country. The finding of p.Arg544Cys mutation among the older Chinese families, similar to those reported in Jeju Island and Taiwan, suggest the need to screen the older Chinese stroke patients with typical MRI changes.
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Rajappa, Medha, M. G. Sridhar, J. Balachander, K. R. Sethuraman, and Kalai Selvi Rajendiran. "Lipoprotein Ratios as Surrogate Markers for Insulin Resistance in South Indians with Normoglycemic Nondiabetic Acute Coronary Syndrome." ISRN Endocrinology 2014 (May 18, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/981524.
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Background. Insulin resistance has been associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Even though homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a well-known insulin resistance predictor, estimation of serum lipoprotein ratios has been recently suggested as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance. Here, we evaluated the relationship between lipoprotein ratios and insulin resistance in normoglycemic nondiabetic south Indians with acute coronary syndrome. Methods. 100 normoglycemic nondiabetic ACS patients and 140 controls were enrolled in the study. Levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels were measured and lipoprotein ratios were computed. HOMA-IR was used to calculate the insulin resistance. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was used to compare the power of these lipoprotein ratios to predict insulin resistance. Results. Lipoprotein ratios were significantly higher in normoglycemic nondiabetic ACS patients, as compared to healthy controls, and were significantly correlated with HOMA-IR by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. ROC curve showed that Lp(a)/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios were the best surrogate predictors of insulin resistance in normoglycemic nondiabetic ACS. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that serum lipoprotein ratios significantly correlate with insulin resistance in normoglycemic nondiabetic ACS. Lp(a)/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios could be used as surrogate markers of insulin resistance in atherosclerosis-prone south Indians with normoglycemic nondiabetic ACS.
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Balaji, Madarapu. "Management of tendinopathies among south Indians using collagen II peptide, glucosamine and vitamin C." Bioinformation 18, no. 6 (2022): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018558.
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Tendinopathy is a multi-factorial, broad spectrum of tendon disorder, characterized by activity-related chronic tendon pain and local tenderness. The point of this study was to assess the adequacy of a nutritional supplement containing Glucosamine, type II collagen and vitamin C on the clinical and auxiliary advancement of tendinopathies. The prospective study was Hospital based randomized control trail comparing the efficacy of collage 2 peptide, glucosamine and vitamin c with placebo in various tendinopathies. All diagnosed patients willing for the treatment attending Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences during period of 2017-2019 were selected with regular follow up of 2nd week, 2nd month & 6 month. The statistics and visualizations of various observations made in the entire study which include a total of 80 patients with various tendinopathies. 60 of them were given collagen 2, glucosamine and vitamin c (cases) and 20 were given placebo (controls). At the end of 6 months almost 90% patients relieved completely of pain. The duration of maximum benefit to reach is almost around 24weeks. These are seen more commonly to affect non-athletes rather than athletes.