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Bailey, Brie. "The Guatemalan Peace Accords indigenous rights and the promise of peace /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024676.
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Collins, Shawn K. Pearsall Deborah M. "Prehispanic agriculture and climate on the Pacific slope of Guatemala." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6148.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Deborah M. Pearsall. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kurnick, Sarah. ""The dead are fed with fragrance" a study of Maya censers from the Guatemala highlands /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://thesis.haverford.edu/184/01/2006KurnickS.pdf.
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Mendonça, Emilie. "Construction du système éducatif et émergence de l'identité nationale au Guatemala 1875-1928." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2008/document.
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Cette thèse aborde la question des liens entre système éducatif et émergence de l’identité nationale dans le Guatemala de la Réforme Libérale. Depuis les premières lois instaurant un appareil éducatif à la charge de l’Etat (1875), jusqu’à la première apparition de la nation parmi les objectifs de l’école publique (1927-1928), ce travail analyse les lois, discours, manuels scolaires et rapports d’activités du Secrétariat à l’instruction Publique pour en discerner les fondements idéologiques et saisir la construction progressive d’une identité nationale complexe. Après avoir étudié la fondation du système à la fin du XiXe siècle et ses objectifs affichés, ce travail aborde le « problème de l’indien », puis le centraméricanisme reflété par l’école,avant de détailler la politique éducative d’Estrada Cabrera puis les réformes de 1927-1 928, qui voient enfin la formation d’une identité nationale inscrite au rang des objectifs de l’école publiqueThis thesis deals with the links between the educational system and the birth of a national identity in the Guatemala of the Liberal Reform. From the first laws establishing a state-funded educational apparatus(1875) to the first occurrence of the nation as one of public school’s objectives (1927-1928), this study analyses the laws, speeches, school books and activity reports of the Public Instruction Secretary to examine their ideological significance and grasp the progressive construction of a complex national identity.After studying the foundation of the system and its declared objectives in the late 19 century, this analysis focuses on the “Indian issue”, then the “Central-americanism” mirrored by school, then the educational policy of Estrada Cabrera, and finally the reforms of 1927-1 928, which made the establishment of a national identity one of public school’s official objectives
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Herrera, Rivera Kenia 1967. "Mujeres Mayas y Aymaras = transitando entre los derechos culturales y los derechos individuales = Mulheres Mayas e Aymaras: transitando entre os direitos culturais e os direitos individuais." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279698.
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Orientador: Maria Lygia Quartim de MoraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Há uma presença e protagonismo crescente das mulheres indígenas na América Latina nas lutas e reivindicações relacionadas com diversas problemáticas sociais. No entanto, pouco se tem de produção escrita na qual essas mulheres manifestem, com voz própria, o que para elas significou ou significa sua participação nessas lutas . Neste sentido, o presente estudo centra-se na produção de pensamentos, perspectivas, reivindicações e lutas das mulheres mayas da Guatemala e aymara da Bolívia, na época atual. Os seus seus interesses e reivindicações de prioridade com base em suas experiências e na interpretação que elas têm de suas próprias realidades, são examinados Os dois eixos temáticos principais são os direitos individuais das mulheres e direitos culturais coletivas. Ambos tipos de direitos estão interligados no caso das mulheres indígenas, devido a sua condição de gênero, bem como por sua identidade étnica, mas como se demonstra no estudo, o trenzado de relações de poder abrange outros tipos de relacionamentos (de classe ou geracional, por exemplo) que podem produzir conflitos de interesse para as mulheres indígenas e os conflitos com seus colegas do mesmo grupo étnico. Para o movimento feminista atual, é preciso compreender em que sentido o gênero e a diversidade cultural afeta o pleno exercício da cidadania para as mulheres indígenas. O seja, não se analisa a situação das mulheres indígenas frente à cultura dominante (mestiça ou não indígena), mas sim, sua condição de atoras sociais dentro dos movimentos que lutam para fazer valer os seus direitos como mulheres indígenas, em seus respectivos entornos
Abstract: There exists a growing presence of and role for Latin American indigenous woman in the struggles and affirmations related to diverse social issues. However, there is limited written production in which said women manifest themselves, through their own voice, expressing what their participation in these struggles implies or signifies for them. This study focuses on the creation of thoughts, perspectives, claims and struggles by Mayan women from Guatemala and Aymaras from Boliva, in present times. Their prioritized interests and demands are examined based upon their experiences and the interpretation that they have of their own realities. The two main themes are individual rights and collective cultural rights. These both types of rights are intertwined in the case of indigenous women because of their gender and ethnic identities. Furthermore, as is demonstrated in this study, the intertwine of relations of power encompass other types of relationships (class and generational, for example), that can lead to the production of conflicts of interest for indigenous women and also conflicts with peers of the same ethnic group. For today¿s feminist movement, it is necessary to understand in what sense gender and cultural diversity affects the full exercise of citizenship for these indigenous women. In other words, this does not mean analysis of the situation of these women from the point of view of the dominant culture (landino/mestizo) but rather their status as social actors within movements of social change to make validate their rights as indigenous women in their respective environments
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestra em Sociologia
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Estrada, Nora Epifanía Murillo. "Nós continuamos lutando aqui." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93509.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Florianópolis, 2010Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T23:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 284174.pdf: 6652156 bytes, checksum: 15925115e61ecaf1a03625ae5ec317be (MD5)
Este trabalho é resultado da pesquisa com a comunidade indígena Maia Achí de Rio Negro, localizada no município de Rabinal, província de Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. A problemática central é discutir sobre as identidades coletivas dos sujeitos que lutam por reconhecimento, depois de ter sobrevivido a cinco massacres, no contexto de sua resistência organizada ante a implantação da usina hidrelétrica .Chixoy. em seu território. Na abordagem, se considera a categoria nativa .vítima sobre-vivente. como forjadora da identidade dos sujeitos, cuja luta e protago-nismo têm origem num sentimento coletivo de injustiça. Assim, sob a pespectiva de Axel Honneth, a luta é analisada a partir da gramática moral dos conflitos, pois detrás de muitas reivindicações fica sempre uma condição que tem a ver com o plano da reparação moral. No entan-to, o reconhecimento centrado na reparação moral não nega as exigên-cias legítimas de reparação material (conforme a abordagem comparti-lhada entre A. Honneth e N. Fraser), que são, além da busca da justiça, demandas exigidas pelos sujeitos.
This work is the result of research with the Indigenous community Maia Achí of Rio Negro, located in the municipal district of Rabinal, province of Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. The central problem is to discuss the col-lective identity of the citizens who struggle for recognition after have suffered five massacres, in the context of their organized resistance the deployment of the .Chixoy. hydroelectric dam in their territory. In the approach, the native category "surviving victim" is as a forger of the identity the individuals, whose strength and leadership comes from in the collective feeling of injustice. Thus, under the perspective of Axel Honneth, this struggle analyzed by the moral grammar of the conflicts, because behind for many claims of these movements, there is always a condition associated with the issue of the moral reparation. However, the recognition centered in the moral reparation not deny the legitimate of the material reparation (according to the shared approach between A. Honneth and N. Fraser), which are, beyond the quest for justice, de-mands required by the subjects.
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Lynch, Tristam W. "The Evolution of Modern Central American Street Gangs and The Political Violence They Present: Case Studies of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002642.
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Rocché, Domingo Yojcom. "Análise do uso atual do sistema de numeração vigesimal em cinco comunidades Q'Eqchi de Guatemala." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9915.
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Previous issue date: 2006-09-04This investigation was developed to analyze and to understand the form critically the use of the System of Vigesimal Numeration in five communities of Cobán of the department of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; like part of the acquired commitment with Xch'ool Ixim Institution to elaborate an educational curricular proposal in agreement to the necessities of the Mayan-Q eqchi population demand and to respond to my personal restlessness and professional linked with the ethnomathematic. The method used in this investigation is ethnographic type, privileging for its execution and complementaring three techniques: the observation, the documental analysis and the interview. This method allows working in different social spaces, and a lot in the family environment as in the communal environment of each one of the communities; where the 23 fellows that it includes family parents, teachers and students they transformed in the main collaborators of this investigation. The theoretical referential used in this investigation takes contributions of Geertz, McLaren, Coe, Covo, Garces, Hatse and De Cueste, and D'Ambrosio. The investigation shows that a relationship exists among the social practices experienced of the q'eqchi' with the mathematical processes of counting, calculate and measure; and these are used in different levels and appropriation that are generally determined and marked by factors that foment and/or deteriorate the use of the System of Vigesimal Numeration. This system is used mainly in the family, in the school and in the Mayan ceremonies. With this one can say; the Vigesimal System is not only important to quantify the material goods, to solve situation-problems and to conserve the culture but specially to show spiritually
Esta investigação foi desenvolvida para analisar e compreender criticamente o uso atual do sistema de numeração vigesimal em cinco comunidades do município de Cobán do departamento (estado) de Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; como parte do compromisso adquirido com a Instituição Xch ool Ixim no processo de elaboração de uma proposta curricular de educação conforme as necessidades e exigências da população maya-q eqchi , e para responder as minhas aspirações pessoais e profissionais vinculadas com a etnomatemática. O método usado nesta investigação é de tipo etnográfico, privilegiando para sua execução e de forma complementaria três técnicas: a observação, a análise documental e a entrevista. Este método permitiu trabalhar em diferentes espaços sociais, tanto no âmbito familiar como no âmbito comunitário de cada uma das comunidades; nas quais os 23 sujeitos que incluem pais de família, professores e alunos tornaram-se os principais colaboradores desta investigação. O referente teórico usado nesta investigação considera principalmente as contribuições de Geertz, McLaren, Coe, Covo, Garces, Hatse e De Cueste, e D Ambrosio. A investigação mostra que existe uma relação entre as praticas sociais vivenciadas pelos q eqchi com os processos matemáticos de contagem, cálculo e medição; e estes são usados em distintos níveis de profundidade e apropriação, que geralmente são determinados e marcados por fatores que fomentam e/ou deterioram o uso do sistema de numeração vigesimal. Este sistema é utilizado principalmente na família, na escola e nas cerimônias mayas. Com isto se pode dizer; que o sistema vigesimal não só é importante para quantificar os bens materiais, resolver situações-problemas e conservar a cultura, mas também para manifestar-se espiritualmente
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Farahmand, Manéli. "In lak’ech al lak’en « Je suis un autre toi. Tu es mon autre moi » Transnationalisation et mise en scène de l’autochtonie. Ethnographie des renouveaux mayas en perspective multi-située (Mexique, Guatemala, Suisse)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38551.
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This doctoral research is dedicated to the study of identity issues in contexts of renewal or appropriation of ethnic traditions and their displacement, by specific actors, within the realm of holistic spiritualities. These issues revolve around quests for authenticity, legitimacy and negotiation of (intra)-cultural differences. This research problematizes the relationships among mobility, spirituality and Mayan ethnicity, from the perspective of Transnational Studies and life stories, through the concept of neo-Mayanity. These relationships have been embedded in the broader context of "religious change" and its forms since the 1950s and 1960s. On the one hand, these changes imply the rise of New Age currents in the wake of 1968 counter-culture. On the other hand, they stem from the emergence of new forms of "religious or spiritual mobility", more specifically in the transnational circulation of actors, practices, imaginations and symbols. This research features qualitative case studies conducted in different national contexts. Six field studies were carried out as part of a multi-situated ethnography spanning Mexico, Guatemala, Switzerland and Germany, using methods such as narrative interviews, direct participant observations, cyber-ethnography, and ethno-photography. The research aims to show current transformations in the field of Mayan ethnicity, ever since contact with globalized New Age spiritualities. A variety of empirical examples reveal that since the "2012 Phenomenon", the accelerated transnationalization of spiritual leaders has involved a resemantization of symbolic contents and rituals through processes of rearrangement, visual innovation and cohabitation.
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Arguedas, Aaron. "The Kingdom of Guatemala under the military reform 1755-1808 /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-05092006-114946/unrestricted/Arguedas.pdf.
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Paulsson, Joseline. "Girls in Youth Gangs in Central America." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131103.
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Youth gangs, so-called Maras, in Central America have for a long time been one of the major factors contributing to the great amount of organized crime and violence in the Central American countries. The citizens in this region are exposed to violence and other crimes from the gangs on a daily basis. The vast amount of teens joining but also being forced to join the gangs is due to the high levels of poverty in the countries. Becoming a member in a gang is often seen as the only option to make a living. The study focuses on three countries in Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. The reason why the author chose these three countries is because they are the ones with the highest youth gang activity in the region as well as the ones who have faced and still are facing high levels of violence and corruption. They have all faced political, economic, and social challenges after civil wars and increasing drug trafficking in the region. The method used in the study is qualitative through an analysis of secondary sources on young women in youth gangs. The material is analyzed from a gender perspective and also power and social control theory. The maras mainly recruit teen boys, but also young girls and women. Teen girls are in some cases forced to join the gangs but many times they join the gangs as self- protection from other local maras. The young girls are used for different tasks and duties while in the gang, but also face abuse by being taken advantage of in a male dominated environment. The essay focuses on the role of young women in gangs. The research questions are: why the young girls join the gangs? What are their roles in the gangs? Are their roles differentiate to the mens? It is important to observe how the youth gangs function, reflect the patriarchal structures of society in general which has created differences between the sexes where males are seen as superior to females, which also is evident in criminal youth gangs. The essay shows that the main reasons why young women join gangs are because they are looking for a safe environment due to lacking support and safety at home. The young women’s roles in the gang differentiate from the men in the way that they are assigned tasks according to traditional gender roles where the women are expected to do domestic tasks and excluded from some of the gang activities because of their gender.
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Lopez, Hurtado Jose Carlos. "Analysis of the Economic Importance of the Maritime Transport Industry in Guatemala." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193454.
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This diploma thesis covers topics such as the role that maritime operations in the country of Guatemala in Central America have in the facilitation of international trade, to achieve the goals an analysis of the products that are handled by the ports is made, also the situations of the ports and the areas in which the ports should be focused for their future development are main topics of study in this thesis.
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Monroy, Maria Carlota. "Ecology and Control of Triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Vectors of Chagas Disease in Guatemala, Central America." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3606.
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Salzman, Catherine C. "Central American Media: A Comparative Study of Media Industries in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9039/.
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The five countries that lie on the isthmus connecting North and South America have endured a past of colonialism, civil war, and natural disaster. As these countries evolve in the 21st century, growing economies and political peace provide a promising outlook for the citizens of these nations. The media industries in these nations have varying levels of development which are explored in this thesis. Using Michael Porter's 1990 framework and a case study methodology, this thesis explores the differences and similarities of media industries in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and what may be done to ensure future success in an increasingly global world.
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Dalby, Laura. "Weak Governance, Divided Residents: The Development of Gated Communities in Guatemala City." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26269.
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This thesis asks the question: how can one describe the development of gated communities in Guatemala City? It collects and analyzes data on gated communities in Guatemala City in order to explore the nature of their development in a violent geographical region, which has also been neglected by the academic community. It argues that the development of gated communities in Guatemala City does not fit the mutually exclusive ‘security’ argument as scholars have made. Instead, a mixture of economic factors, social status, weak governance, and security concerns are involved as large private corporations draw upon security-related fears, unregulated development of real estate and weak governance, resulting in a disorganized model of spatial organization. This study adds to the growing body of literature on gated communities by laying the groundwork needed to fill the gap that currently exists in Central America.
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Golob, Timothy Adam. "Human Trafficking from Southern Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala: Why These Victims are Trafficked into Modern Day Florida." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5026.
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Florida is ranked as one of the United States' top three destination states for human trafficking; many of those victims originate from Mesoamerica--Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Human trafficking is a growing problem which hinders universal human rights for hundreds of new victims in Florida every year. Mesoamericans have a high risk of becoming victims due to the situations in their home countries. The issue of human trafficking has only recently gained the national and state attention of law makers and law enforcement officers.
This study uses several human trafficking cases to educate and exemplify why Mesoamerican victims are selected and how human trafficking takes place in Florida. The results of this study demonstrate that traffickers use their knowledge of victims and victims' societies to lure and then enslave them into sex and labor trafficking. This research uses criminal cases to illustrate the conditions of the enslavement of human trafficking victims, the methods used by the traffickers, and the culmination of the court cases for both victims and perpetrators. Furthermore, it provides points of discussion to initiate future research and to guide legislature and law enforcement in methods to end this barrier to universal human rights.
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McQuerry, Elizabeth 1964. "Central American women's organizations: Two case studies of political participation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291498.
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Guatemala's Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM) and the Asociacion de Mujeres Nicaraguenses Luisa Amanda Espinoza (AMNLAE) in Nicaragua exemplify the resurgence of social movements arising from the turmoil in Central America. They are female collective agents pursuing the self-defined interests of their membership. Via humanitarian activism, the GAM struggles to locate the desaparecidos, while AMNLAE exercises institutional activism as a means to incorporate women and promote gender-specific interests. Women in both groups became active to protect "practical gender interests" and, as a result, women's level of consciousness is growing but the acquisition of a gender awareness does not necessarily follow political conscientization. The growing level of political participation and consciousness provides the women with training to become active and efficacious participants in the dynamics of their country.
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Hillesheim, Michael B. "Climate change in Central America during the late deglacial and early Holocene inferred from lacustrine sediments in Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010299.
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Mulongoy, Melissa. "Discrimination, Social Exclusion and Vulnerability of the Garífuna Women in Guatemala; An Exploratory Study on Underlying Causes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23681.
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The Garífuna are the smallest ethnic minority group in Guatemala, living primarily in the city of Livingston (known as Labuga, Wadimalu in Garífuna) located along the Caribbean coastline. Their unique history, ethnicity and culture has allowed them to preserve their way of life for centuries on the one hand but has also separated them from mainstream Guatemalan society on the other hand. The afro-descendent Garífuna community forms a small part of the overall indigenous group in Guatemala alongside the Maya and the Xinca groups; however unlike the larger indigenous groups and the remaining non-indigenous population, the Garífuna are ignored and are not included in the groups in need of development assistance for education, health, employment and security. The exclusion is even more pronounced for Garífuna women. This study was conducted to understand the reasons for the discrimination, socio-economic exclusion and vulnerability of Garífuna women within the Guatemalan society, what is currently being done to address the challenges and barriers Garífuna women are facing, and what further changes need to take place to bring about a transformation in their situation.
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Langevin, Mark Steven 1960. "Christian Democratic administrations confront the Central American caldron: Presidents Jose Napoleon Duarte of El Salvador and Marcos Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo of Guatemala." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277239.
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This thesis posits that Christian Democracy arose in Central America because of its emphasis on basic reforms and social justice, and that its messianic appeal and charismatic leadership propelled it to national political power in El Salvador and Guatemala. The study continues by examining the presidencies of Napoleon Duarte of El Salvador and Vinicio Cerezo of Guatemala, concluding that their economic, political, and foreign policy agendas did not resolve the basic social conflicts which fuel both countries civil wars and economic crises. The findings of the study indicate that these Christian Democrats' alliances with their countries' armed forces and their inability to tap the potential of the movement's messianic, reformist vigor, prevented their administrations from ending the political violence and achieving a national unity capable of launching equitable development.
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Fuente, David de la. "Défis stratégiques et aporie politique : les mouvements de lutte armée au Guatemala 1960-1990." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL172.
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Le Guatemala n’est pas le plus grand pays d’Amérique centrale, mais il est le plus peuplé. Sa principale caractéristique, outre son relief particulièrement montagneux, tient à sa structure sociale, marquée par un fort taux de population indigène : environ 60%. Ce pays, comme le Salvador ou le Nicaragua, est essentiellement connu pour le conflit armé qui se déroula sur son territoire entre 1960 et 1996. Mais à la différence du Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) nicaraguayen, et du Frente Farabundo Martí De Liberación Nacional (FSLN) salvadorien, l’Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG) échoua. Notre étude concerne les raisons de cet échec, et se centre sur les tensions internes et les luttes pour le pouvoir au sein de la guérilla et des rapports qu’elle entretint avec les populations indigènes durant le conflit. Pour analyser le fonctionnement interne de la guérilla, nous avons fondé notre étude sur les témoignages recueillis par nos soins, des commandants et des principaux cadres des organisations arméesGuatemala is not the largest country in Central America, but it is the most populous. Its main characteristic, besides its particularly mountainous relief, is its social structure, marked by a high rate of native population: about 60%. This country, like El Salvador or Nicaragua, is mainly known for the armed conflict that took place on its territory between 1960 and 1996. But unlike the Nicaraguan Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) and the Salvadoran Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG) failed. Our study concerns the reasons for this failure, and focuses on internal tensions and struggles for power guerrilla warfare and its relationship with indigenous peoples during the conflict. Our work provides an analysis of the inner workings of the guerrillas, based on testimonies collected by us, commanders and senior cadres of armed organizations
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Roché, Raphaël. "Culture, autorité, politique : le journal Redactor General de José Cecilio Del Valle (1825-1826)." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2014.
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José Cecilio del Valle (1777-1834) fut un intellectuel et un journaliste centraméricain engagé dans la vie politique dès 1804. Rédacteur de l’acte d’indépendance de 1821, Valle devient dès lors un homme politique de premier plan et participe à la fondation de la République fédérale centraméricaine. Dans ce cadre, José del Valle fonde le Redactor General, périodique qui occupe une place importante dans son oeuvre et dans les premières années du journalisme centraméricain (32 numéros en 1825-1826). Or, le Redactor General n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude systématique, et demeure aujourd’hui inaccessible au grand public. Cette thèse a trois objectifs : — transcrire et éditer les 32 numéros du Redactor General ; — Proposer une étude systématique des éléments de ce corpus qui interviennent dans la construction de l’imaginaire national chez Valle ; — Contextualiser la publication de ce corpus par une biographie de l’auteur et par une étude de l’émergence de la presse périodique centraméricaineJosé Cecilio del Valle (1777-1834) was a Central American author and journalist, who had been committed to political life since 1804. By writing of the 1821 Declaration of Independence, Valle becomes a leading politician and is one of the founders of the Central American Federal Republic. Within that context, José del Valle founds the Redactor General, a periodical publication that is an important part of his works and of the first years of Central American journalism (32 issues in 1825-1826). Nevertheless, the Redactor General has not been the object of a systematic study so far, and remains inaccessible to the general public to this day. The three aims of this investigative project are to: − Develop and publish a scholarly publication of all of the issues of the Redactor General; − Develop an introductory study to this corpus with a biography of the author and a study of the appearance of the Central American periodical press; − Develop a systematic study of the elements involved in del Valle´s national imaginary construction
José Cecilio del Valle (1777-1834) fue un intelectual y periodista centroamericano activo en la vida política desde 1804. Autor del acta de independencia de 1821, Valle pasa a ser entonces un político de primer orden y participa en la fundacíon de la República federal centroamericana. En este contexto, José del Valle funda el Redactor General, periódico que ocupa un lugar importante en su obra y en los primeros años del periodismo centroamericano (32 números en 1825-1826). Ahora bien, el Redactor General no se ha estudiado de manera sistemática hasta la fecha y queda hoy inaccesible al gran público. El presente proyecto de investigacíon tiene tres objetivos: - transcribir y editar los 32 números del Redactor General; -proponer un estudio sistemático de los elementos de este corpus que intervienen en la construcción del imaginario nacional de Valle; - contextualizar la publicación de este corpus con una biografía del autor y un estudio de la emergencia de la prensa periódica centroamericana
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Searcy, Michael T. "Mayan Metate Ethnoarchaeology." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd767.pdf.
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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.
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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.
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Correa, Paulo Mortari Araújo [UNESP]. "As maras e pandillas no Triângulo Norte da América Central e a atuação dos Estados Unidos em seu combate." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127853.
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Maras e pandillas são termos usualmente empregados em El Salvador, Guatemala e Honduras - que, juntos, compõem o chamado Triângulo Norte da América Central - em referência a gangues de rua, cujos membros são tradicionalmente jovens (e, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino) e compartilham de uma identidade comum, o que pode incluir desde o uso de formas de comunicação e expressão cultural específicas (entre gírias, gestos corporais, tatuagens, grafites em muros e ritmos musicais) até a aplicação de rigorosas normas de conduta. A expansão desses grupos pela região e sua responsabilização pela escalada da violência nas grandes cidades têm incitado a adoção de medidas não só domésticas, mas, também, internacionais, envolvendo, por conseguinte, tanto autoridades centro-americanas como instituições de outros países, como os Estados Unidos. Com base nessa constatação, questiona-se, nesta pesquisa, qual é o interesse dos Estados Unidos em atuar no combate a gangues de rua fora de suas fronteiras, considerando que isso é comumente visto como um problema de segurança pública do Estado em cujo território tais grupos operam. Através do método hipotético-dedutivo e a partir da consulta a relatórios oficiais e outras fontes do governo estadunidense - além da literatura específica sobre as gangues no Triângulo Norte e sobre a história recente e contexto atual da região -, testam-se ao menos quatro hipóteses, que se referem à possível percepção dos Estados Unidos de que as gangues I) têm ou almejam ter vínculos com grupos tidos como terroristas; II) atuam de forma expressiva no tráfico internacional de drogas, inclusive em cooperação com grandes cartéis da região; III) são grupos transnacionais do crime organizado, capazes de coordenar delitos em solo estadunidense com seus pares lá estabelecidos; e que IV) a violência concernente às gangues em...
Maras and pandillas are terms usually employed in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras - which jointly comprise the so-called Central America Northern Triangle - with regard to street gangs, whose members are traditionally youngsters (and mostly men) and share a common identity, which can range from the use of specific forms of communication and cultural expression (including slangs, body gestures, tattoos, graffiti on walls and musical rhythms) to the enforcement of rigorous standards of conduct. The expansion of these groups throughout the region, and its accountability for the growth of violence in big cities have been prompting the adoption of not only domestic measures, but also international ones, which consequently involves both Central American authorities and institutions from other countries, such as the United States. Based on this finding, it is questioned, in this research, what the interest of the United States is in combating street gangs out of its borders, considering that this is commonly seen as a public security problem concerning the state in which territory such groups operate. Through the hypothetical-deductive method, and by the consultation with official reports and other American governmental sources - besides the specific literature on gangs in the Northern Triangle and on the recent history and current context of the region -, at least four hypothesis are tested, which refer to the United States possible perception that the gangs I) are (or are willing to be) tied to groups seen as terrorists; II) have a significant participation on the international illicit drug trade, even in collaboration with great cartels of the region; III) are transnational organized crime groups, capable of coordinating crimes on American soil with their peers established there; and that IV) the violence concerning gangs in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras feeds migratory fluxes ...
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Senior, Angulo Diana. "Afro-descendance et citoyenneté en Amérique centrale (1948-1966)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA045.
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La thèse analyse, dans une perspective historique et comparative, le parcours suivi vers la citoyenneté sociale par les populations afro-descendantes d’Amérique centrale entre 1948 et 1966. Avec le système esclavagiste puis son abolition comme points de départ de la réflexion, les Africains et les Afro-descendants du monde entier ont commencé à systématiser leurs réflexions, leurs luttes et leur organisation, notamment au travers de personnalités comme Marcus Garvey ou d’organisations comme le Mouvement panafricaniste, afin de rejeter la stigmatisation apportée par l’invention coloniale de la « race noire ». Ce processus s’est initié entre la Première Guerre mondiale et l’émergence du système des Nations unies, qui a fourni la base d’un nouvel ordre international, se traduisant notamment par la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme et le début de la décolonisation en Afrique. Après les indépendances centraméricaines au début du XIXe siècle et au cours des processus de construction républicaine à l’oeuvre dans chacun des pays de la région, le développement national au Guatemala, au Honduras, au Nicaragua, au Costa Rica et au Panama a toutefois été marqué par l’empreinte identitaire laissée par la Couronne espagnole dans la région ainsi que par des politiques de métissage et/ou de blanchiment de la population. À partir de la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle, la vague d’immigration d’origine africaine en provenance des Caraïbes a remis en question cet imaginaire collectif et l’idée de citoyenneté portée par les élites de chaque pays. Si la question normative de la citoyenneté afro-descendante en Amérique centrale s’est donc longtemps inscrite dans un contexte international d’exclusion raciale, qui renvoie notamment au système de ségrégation aux États-Unis, le développement progressif de dispositifs légaux dans chaque pays a ouvert une nouvelle ère d’intégration citoyenne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, faisant écho aux nouveaux instruments juridiques internationaux et à la Charte internationale des droits de l’hommeThe thesis analyzes, through comparative and historical perspectives, the path followed by theAfrodescendant populations in Central America, between 1948 and 1966, towards social citizenship. Having theslavery system and its latter abolition as a starting point, the African and Afrodescendant populations around theworld systematized their thoughts, battles and organization, especially through personalities such as Marcus Garveyand the Pan Africanist Movement; as means to counteract the burden created by the colonial invention of the “blackrace”. This process had place when the World War I and the United Nations System provided the base for a newinternational order; which after World War II, turned into creating the Organization of United Nations, the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights and the beginning of decolonization in Africa. In addition, after the Central AmericanIndependence and in the middle of their republican construction, the differentiated national development followed byGuatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, took over the identity footprint institutionalized by theSpanish crown in the region; which afterwards turned into the miscegenation and/or population whitening. However,the wave of Caribbean Afrodescendant immigration from the second half of the nineteenth century, confronted thecollective imaginary as well as the citizen profile chosen by each of these country elites. Therefore, the singularnormative and social citizenship progress of the Afrodescendant populations in Central America, fell within theinternational racial exclusion context, such as United States’ racial segregation; as well as the paradoxicalrefinement of civil matters legal provisions in each country, and the strengthening of national measures restrictingimmigration; all of the above as part of a new human rights era, with its international legal instruments and theInternational Bill of Human Rights
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Hernández, López Enrique. "La coopération internationale dans le domaine du tourisme : pratiques régionales et innovation. La Région du Monde Maya." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA025.
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Cette thèse analyse l’articulation entre les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et le tourisme dans l’optique de la coopération internationale. Elle étudie les relations internationales entre le Mexique, le Belize, le Guatemala, le Honduras et le Salvador (1992-2012) dans le contexte de l’Organisation du Monde Maya (OMM) dans laquelle le tourisme est placé comme un vecteur de développement économique. Elle répond à la problématique suivante : le tourisme électronique peut-il favoriser la création et la consolidation des liens de coopération entre les pays de la multi-destination de l’OMM ? Ce travail de recherche montre comment, en dépit des difficultés liées au principe de la concurrence, aux intérêts nationaux et de politique extérieure, l’accord de coopération en matière de tourisme électronique s’est concrétisé à travers une offre englobant toute la Région du Monde Maya à partir de la marque Monde Maya sur le Web. La thèse souligne l’intérêt du tourisme électronique tout en préconisant son renforcement afin d’accentuer la coopération régionale entre États et de consolider le rôle du tourisme dans les régions à partir d’une perspective commune, ce qui permettrait de créer une synergie dynamisante et constructive. Cette recherche vise à apporter une contribution à l’étude de thèmes : tourisme, coopération internationale, Région du Monde MayaThe linkage between information and communication technology (ICT) and tourism is analyzed in the context (1992-2012) of international cooperation between Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Salvador in the framework of the Maya World Organization (MWO). Tourism is a vector of economic development for this organization. Can electronic tourism create and consolidate cooperation in tourism between the countries taking part in the MWO with its multiple tourist destinations? Despite the difficulties of competition, national interests and foreign policies, the agreement on cooperation in e-tourism has led to an offer for the whole Maya region through the Maya World website. This thesis emphasizes the importance of e-tourism and advocates strengthening it so as to foster cooperation among countries in the region from a joint perspective, thus creating a constructive, dynamic synergy. It contributes to the study of tourism, international cooperation and the World Maya Region
Esta tesis analiza la articulación entre las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) y el turismo en la óptica de la cooperación internacional. Estudia las relaciones internacionales entre México, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador (1992-2012) fen el marco de la Organización Mundo Maya (OMM) en la cual el turismo es identificado como un vector de desarrollo económico. La tesis responde a la cuestión siguiente: ¿El turismo electrónico en el marco de la OMM puede favorecer la creación y la consolidación de los lazos de cooperación entre los países de la multidestinación de la OMM? Este trabajo de investigación muestra cómo, pese a dificultades vinculadas con el principio de competencia, a los intereses nacionales y de política exterior, el acuerdo de cooperación en materia de turismo electrónico se materializó a través de una oferta turística abarcando toda la Región Mundo Maya a partir de la marca Mundo Maya en la Web. La tesis subraya el interés acerca del turismo electrónico y recomienda su reforzamiento con el fin de acentuar la cooperación regional entre Estados y consolidar el papel del turismo en las regiones a partir de una perspectiva común, lo que permitiría crear una sinergia dinámica y constructiva. La investigación pretende contribuir al estudio de los siguientes temas: turismo, cooperación internacional, Región Mundo Maya
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González-Ponciano, Jorge Ramón Hale Charles R. "De la Patria del Criollo a la Patria del Shumo whiteness and the criminalization of the dark plebeian in modern Guatemala /." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1555/gonzalezponcianoj48436.pdf.
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Burtner, Jennifer Carol. "Travel and transgression in the Mundo Maya : spaces of home and alterity in a Guatemalan tourist market /." Thesis, 2004. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3150550.
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Velásquez, Nimatuj Irma Alicia. "Pueblos indígenas, estado y lucha por tierra en Guatemala: estrategias de sobrevivencia y negociación ante la desigualdad globalizada." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1811.
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Moreno, Morales Daniel Eduardo. "Ethnic identity and national politics a comparative analysis of indigenous identity and political participation in Bolivia and Guatemala /." Diss., 2008. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03302008-205848/.
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González-Ponciano, Jorge Ramón. "De la Patria del Criollo a la Patria del Shumo: whiteness and the criminalization of the dark plebeian in modern Guatemala." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1555.
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Burtner, Jennifer Carol Brow James. "Travel and transgression in the Mundo Maya spaces of home and alterity in a Guatemalan tourist market /." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2140/burtnerjc90760.pdf.
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Long, Michael James 1985. "'Tab' figurines and social identity at La Blanca." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3119.
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This thesis examines a special group of Middle Preclassic (900-600 BC) figurines excavated at La Blanca, an early Mesoamerican site on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. Figurines at La Blanca are ubiquitous and derive from both elite and non-elite household contexts. Because of their widespread distribution, archaeologists associate figurines with daily practice and household ritual in ancient Mesoamerica. They represent a rare opportunity to examine materializations of the human body across social strata, and because their depositional contexts do not seem to suggest ritual care, their context of use remains enigmatic.
With the dawn of the Middle Preclassic period, the community at La Blanca was at the center of a dramatic transition: in addition to the reconfiguring of political, social, and economic structures, the nature of personhood was profoundly transformed during this period. I argue that figurines were actively involved in the ongoing negotiation of social identity and personhood at La Blanca during this important transitional period. I specifically discuss a group of figurines from La Blanca called 'tab' figurines, which are remarkable for their exaggerated sexual characteristics and distinct approach to depicting the human form. I examine the 'tab' figurine assemblage in depth and examine how aspects of their context, form, and function helped their makers negotiate social identity at La Blanca.text
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"Dependency, revolution and industrial development in Guatemala, 1821-1986 (Central America)." Tulane University, 1987.
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For over 150 years, Guatemalans have pursued industrialization as a panacea for their social and economic problems. The aim of this dissertation is to describe and evaluate the history of Guatemalan industry. Throughout the study, industrialization is treated as a dynamic process that requires analysis of the political, economic, and social factors that have conditioned its development. More precisely, then, this study is an historical analysis of Guatemalan political economy This dissertation draws upon untapped primary sources of information in Guatemala and the United States to develop a two-tracked analysis. On one level, the political-economic context in which industrialists operated is examined. On another level, the development of certain industrial sectors and selected industrial firms is examined. One firm, the cement company of the Novella family, is repeatedly used to illuminate the dynamics of the industrialization process Guatemalan industrial development is traced through three main chronological periods. The development of the consumer goods industry, or the period of 'easy industrialization', begins with the Liberal Revolution of 1871. The October Revolution of 1944 and the ten year period of socio-economic reform that followed it, dismantled Liberalism and accelerated industrial development. The third and final period, 1954 to the present, the period of 'hard industrialization' is characterized by the development of some heavy industry Despite the recent industrial boom, Guatemala remains an impoverished, dependent country with a highly stratified social system. Industrialization has neither redistributed wealth nor reduced Guatemala's economic dependency. Still, Guatemalans look to industrialization to reduce their dependency and avoid revolution. While industrialization offers some hope, the dreams of prosperity can not be fulfilled without structural political and economic reform. This dissertation expresses a concern for the injustices that still plague Guatemala and hopefully contributes to our understanding of the nature of and prospects for historical changeacase@tulane.edu
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Steinert, Per Ole Christian. "Ethnic communities and ethno-political strategies : the struggle for ethnic rights : a comparison of Peru, Ecuador and Guatemala /." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116399.
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"Los espectros de la guerra. Duelo, comunidad y catástrofe en la narrativa centroamericana contemporánea." Tulane University, 2018.
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acase@tulane.eduLa presente investigación analiza la literatura salvadoreña y guatemalteca escrita tras el fin de las recientes guerras civiles (1980-1992 y 1960-1996 respectivamente). Comenzando desde un análisis literario, esta tesis buscar desarrollar una reflexión política sobre la llamada postguerra. En pocas palabras, esta investigación explora cómo el trabajo del duelo y las nociones de comunidad se han articulado en la narrativa reciente, particularmente en el trabajo de las salvadoreñas Claudia Hernández y Vanessa Núñez Handal, y en los guatemaltecos Denise Phé-Funchal, Javier Payeras y Eduardo Halfon. Mi hipótesis es que la narrativa centroamericana contemporánea utiliza el trabajo del duelo inacabado como una forma de exigir justicia por los crímenes cometidos por el estado. Así, propongo que esta literatura desarticula el concepto de comunidad nacional como el principal espacio de inscripción política y critica el proyecto liberal que ha dominado a ambos países desde la fundación de las repúblicas en el siglo XIX.
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Ignacio Sarmiento Panez
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España, Nájera Annabella. "Party systems and democracy after the conflicts El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua /." 2009. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-12102009-184055/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2009.Thesis directed by Scott P. Mainwaring for the Department of Political Science. "December 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-371).
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Pajon, Mauricio A. "Building opportunity : disaster response and recovery after the 1773 earthquake in Antigua Guatemala." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21159.
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Building Opportunity centers on disaster response and recovery after a 7.5-magnitude earthquake destroyed the city of Antigua Guatemala, the capital of colonial Guatemala, on July 29, 1773. It also concentrates on the colonial government’s decision to relocate Antigua Guatemala and establish a new capital, New Guatemala. This dissertation examines how the cultural, economic, political, and social views of inhabitants -- bureaucrats, clerics, Indians, architects, and the poor -- shaped their reactions to the tremor. Furthermore, it contends that the migration from Antigua Guatemala to New Guatemala created socioeconomic opportunities through which individuals made strong efforts to rebuild their lives. Debates on natural catastrophe in colonial Latin America have emphasized the ability of calamity to ignite power struggles over competing ideas about emergency management. However, in addition to an analysis of such disputes, this dissertation advances new understandings of the ways in which the earthquake gave victims chances to reshape their world. How did individuals' beliefs influence their attitudes toward the cataclysm? How did the effort to create a new city forge openings for survivors to refashion their identities? This study shows that individual groups' notions of fear, hazard mitigation, history, and socioeconomics defined arguments about whether or not to move. It also demonstrates that the tragedy produced spaces in which officials, ecclesiastics, indigenous peoples, and the impoverished worked to improve their lives. In various ways, administrators and victims turned adversity into an opportunity to become disaster managers and survivors, respectively.text
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Mills, Regina Marie. "Guatemalan diasporic fiction as refugee literature : an analysis of Héctor Tobar’s The tattooed soldier and Tanya Maria Barrientos’s Family resemblance." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26373.
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Despite a large influx of Guatemalans to cities such as Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., their narrative has largely been subsumed in the traditional Latino/a immigrant narrative. The importance of the historical specificity and traumatic nature of Guatemalan immigration, as a consequence of the Central American revolutions, has only now begun to be studied by scholars such as Arturo Arias and Claudia Milian, though the field of Latino/a studies is still largely focused on immigrants from Mexico, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Thus, through an examination of two novels by Guatemalan-American authors, Héctor Tobar’s The Tattooed Soldier (1998/2000) and Tanya Maria Barrientos’ Family Resemblance (2003), I compare how each novel differently positions Guatemalan diasporic identity around traumas surrounding the Guatemalan civil war and diaspora. Ultimately, I argue that Tobar establishes Guatemalan diasporic fiction as a kind of refugee literature, while Barrientos attempts to fit the Guatemalan diasporic narrative into a traditional Latino/a immigrant narrative using the genre of chica lit, thus flattening out the unique historical experience of the Guatemalan civil war while also highlighting the constraints of the chica lit genre for Central American-American women writers.text
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Dove, Stephen Carter. "Local believers, foreign missionaries, and the creation of Guatemalan Protestantism, 1882-1944." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5233.
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This dissertation examines how Guatemalan converts transformed missionary Protestantism into a locally contextualized religion in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Using archival materials from local religious groups and public archives in Guatemala alongside missionary documents from the United States, this research identifies how converts adopted certain missionary teachings but reinterpreted or rejected others. This selective application not only altered the definition of Protestantism in Guatemala but also affected the early growth of the movement by creating contextualized forms of Protestantism that attracted more interest than foreign versions.
The first section of the dissertation analyzes the theologies and goals that early missionaries brought to Guatemala and explains the intramural conflicts that created the first Protestant communities in the country. Between 1882 and 1921, five North American Protestant denominations and several independent missionaries entered Guatemala, each with particular ideas about how to improve the country both spiritually and materially. This internal diversity provided new converts with the ability to choose between multiple versions of Protestantism, but more importantly it also taught them how to carve out their own space between imported religious ideologies.
The second section of the dissertation analyzes how local believers reinterpreted Protestantism within those spaces by pursuing four important areas of innovation: theological primitivism, Pentecostalism, political involvement, and nationalism. Despite protests from many foreign missionaries, between 1920 and 1944 numerous Guatemalan Protestants adopted variations of these four themes in attempts to create a culturally and socially relevant religious product. As new converts opted for these new local communities over missionary-led options, these four themes became defining hallmarks of Guatemalan Protestantism, which by the twenty-first century was practiced by one-third of the country’s population. This dissertation argues that these contextualized challenges to missionary ideas in the early twentieth-century made Protestantism an attractive local product in Guatemala and sparked the movement’s growth. It also demonstrates how poor and working class Guatemalans in the early twentieth century used Protestantism as a tool to participate in national conversations about race, gender, and class.text
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Zurek, Monika Barbara [Verfasser]. "Induced innovation and productivity enhancing, resource conserving technologies in Central America : the supply of soil conservation practices and small-scale farmers' adoption in Guatemala and El Salvador / vorgelegt von Monika Barbara Zurek." 2004. http://d-nb.info/970719663/34.
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