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Journal articles on the topic 'Indians of North America Missionaries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

HIGHAM, C. L. "Saviors and Scientists: North American Protestant Missionaries and the Development of Anthropology." Pacific Historical Review 72, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 531–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2003.72.4.531.

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Few historians of anthropology and missionary work examine the relationship of Protestant missionaries with nineteenth-century anthropologists and its effect on anthropological portrayals of Indians. This paper poses the question: Does it make a difference that early anthropologists in Canada and the United States also worked as Protestant missionaries or relied on Protestant missionaries for data? Answering yes, it shows how declining support for Indian missions led missionaries to peddle their knowledge of Indians to scholarly institutions. These institutions welcomed missionaries as professionals because of their knowledge, dedication, and time in the field. Such relationships helped create a transnational image of the Indian in late nineteenth-century North American anthropology.

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2

Guenther, Alan M. "Ghazals, Bhajans and Hymns: Hindustani Christian Music in Nineteenth-Century North India." Studies in World Christianity 25, no. 2 (August 2019): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2019.0254.

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When American missionaries from the Methodist Episcopal Church arrived in India in the middle of the nineteenth century, they very soon published hymn-books to aid the Christian church in worship. But these publications were not solely the product of American Methodists nor simply the collection of foreign songs and music translated into Urdu. Rather, successive editions demonstrate the increasing participation of both foreigners and Indians, of missionaries from various denominations, of both men and women, and of even those not yet baptised as Christians. The tunes and poetry included were in both European and Indian forms. This hybrid nature is particularly apparent by the end of the century when the Methodist press published a hymn-book containing ghazals and bhajans in addition to hymns and Sunday school songs. The inclusion of a separate section of ghazals was evidence of the influence of the Muslim culture on the worship of Christians in North India. This mixing of cultures was an essential characteristic of the hymnody produced by the emerging church in the region and was used in both evangelism and worship. Indian and foreign evangelists relied on indigenous music to draw hearers and to communicate the Christian gospel.

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3

Martinez-Serna, Gabriel. "Jesuit Missionaries, Indian Polities, and Environmental Transformation in the Lagoon March of Northeastern New Spain." Journal of Early American History 3, no. 2-3 (2013): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00303008.

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The introduction of European agriculture and livestock transformed the natural and human landscape of the Americas profoundly. In the borderlands of the continent, it was often missionaries who introduced these practices to areas where mobile Indians groups had adapted their cultures to an environment that was irrevocably changed. Transforming a landscape usually doomed a mobile ethnic group to forced adaptation, migration or extinction, but could also prove a catalyst to an ethnogenesis that could not have occurred without the effects the Columbian Exchange brought about by the missionaries. The so-called Lagoon March (Comarca Lagunera) of the northeastern borderlands of New Spain experienced perhaps the most dramatic of these episodes in this story of Colonial North America. This region was home to the Lagunero Indians, the most populous pre-contact group in the borderlands, and as late as the last decade of the sixteenth century it was a lush lagoon environment surrounded by wooded mountains. The Jesuits founded the Parras mission there in 1598, and within two generations, the Laguneros had largely disappeared, and the area was transformed into an archipelago of highly productive oasis surrounded by scrub barely suitable for livestock. Viticulture made the area the richest non-mining region of the entire frontier, and a magnet for population. Tlaxcalan (Nahua) colonist that had lived in the mission and survived the Lagunero extinction became a borderlands community intrinsically attached to viticulture and communal rights to water from the region’s only major spring, giving them a legal status that distinguished them from other Indian groups (including other Tlaxcalans) and underlining a social cohesion that lasted until the Independence period. Thus, the unintended effects of the Jesuit presence transformed the Parras environment and the way Indian identity related to it.

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Duquet, Michel. "The Timeless African and the Versatile Indian in Seventeenth-Century Travelogues." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 14, no. 1 (February 4, 2005): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010318ar.

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Abstract The seventeenth century saw the early stages of significant trading on the west coast of Africa as well as the establishment of permanent settlements in North America by Dutch, French and English explorers, merchants, colonists and missionaries in a period marked by the imperial contest that had been set in motion on the heels of the discovery of America in 1492. The travelers who wrote about their voyages overseas described at length the natives they encountered on the two continents. The images of the North American Indian and of the African that emerged from these travel accounts were essentially the same whether they be of Dutch, French or English origin. The main characteristic in the descriptions of African native populations was its permanent condemnation while representations of the Indian were imbued with sentiments ranging from compassion, censure and admiration. The root causes for this dichotomy were the inhospitable and deadly (to Europeans) tropical environment of Africa’s West Coast and the growing knowledge of local societies that Europeans acquired in North America. The analysis of the contrasting images of natives on both sides of the Atlantic and the context within which they were produced are the focus of the paper.

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5

Posey, Thaddeus J. "Defining Mission: Comboni Missionaries in North America (review)." Catholic Historical Review 89, no. 1 (2003): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2003.0083.

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6

Meuwese, Mark. "North America/Atlantic World - Edward E. Andrews. Native Apostles: Black and Indian Missionaries in the British Atlantic World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2013. 326 pp., 13 illustrations, one appendix. ISBN: 978-0-674-07246-6 (hbk.). $39.95." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000661.

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7

Croxall, Christine. "Perishing Heathens: Stories of Protestant Missionaries and Christian Indians in Antebellum America." Journal of American History 105, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jay053.

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8

Walls, Thomas R. "Book Review: Defining Mission: Comboni Missionaries in North America." Missiology: An International Review 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960203000111.

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9

KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 77, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 127–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002533.

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-Philip D. Morgan, Marcus Wood, Blind memory: Visual representations of slavery in England and America 1780-1865. New York: Routledge, 2000. xxi + 341 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Ron Ramdin, Arising from bondage: A history of the Indo-Caribbean people. New York: New York University Press, 2000. x + 387 pp.-Flávio dos Santos Gomes, David Eltis, The rise of African slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xvii + 353 pp.-Peter Redfield, D. Graham Burnett, Masters of all they surveyed: Exploration, geography, and a British El Dorado. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. xv + 298 pp.-Bernard Moitt, Eugenia O'Neal, From the field to the legislature: A history of women in the Virgin Islands. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. xiii + 150 pp.-Allen M. Howard, Nemata Amelia Blyden, West Indians in West Africa, 1808-1880: The African Diaspora in reverse. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2000. xi + 258 pp.-Michaeline A. Crichlow, Kari Levitt, The George Beckford papers. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. lxxi + 468 pp.-Michaeline A. Crichlow, Audley G. Reid, Community formation; A study of the 'village' in postemancipation Jamaica. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. xvi + 156 pp.-Linden Lewis, Brian Meeks, Narratives of resistance: Jamaica, Trinidad, the Caribbean. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2000. xviii + 240 pp.-Roderick A. McDonald, Bridget Brereton, Law, justice, and empire: The colonial career of John Gorrie, 1829-1892. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1997. xx + 371 pp.-Karl Watson, Gary Lewis, White rebel: The life and times of TT Lewis. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. xxvii + 214 pp.-Mary Turner, Armando Lampe, Mission or submission? Moravian and Catholic missionaries in the Dutch Caribbean during the nineteenth century. Göttingen, FRG: Vandenburg & Ruprecht, 2001. 244 pp.-O. Nigel Bolland, Anton L. Allahar, Caribbean charisma: Reflections on leadership, legitimacy and populist politics. Kingston: Ian Randle; Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. xvi + 264 pp.-Bill Maurer, Cynthia Weber, Faking it: U.S. Hegemony in a 'post-phallic' era. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999. xvi + 151 pp.-Kelvin Santiago-Valles, Christina Duffy Burnett ,Foreign in a domestic sense: Puerto Rico, American expansion, and the constitution. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2001. xv + 422 pp., Burke Marshall (eds)-Rubén Nazario, Efrén Rivera Ramos, The legal construction of identity: The judicial and social legacy of American colonialism in Puerto Rico. Washington DC: American Psychological Association, 2000. 275 pp.-Marc McLeod, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., Winds of change: Hurricanes and the transformation of nineteenth-century Cuba. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. x + 199 pp.-Jorge L. Giovannetti, Fernando Martínez Heredia ,Espacios, silencios y los sentidos de la libertad: Cuba entre 1878 y 1912. Havana: Ediciones Unión, 2001. 359 pp., Rebecca J. Scott, Orlando F. García Martínez (eds)-Reinaldo L. Román, Miguel Barnet, Afro-Cuban religions. Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2001. 170 pp.-Philip W. Scher, Hollis 'Chalkdust' Liverpool, Rituals of power and rebellion: The carnival tradition in Trinidad and Tobago, 1763-1962. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publications and Frontline distribution international, 2001. xviii + 518 pp.-Asmund Weltzien, David Griffith ,Fishers at work, workers at sea: A Puerto Rican journey through labor and refuge. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 2002. xiv + 265 pp., Manuel Valdés Pizzini (eds)-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Eudine Barriteau, The political economy of gender in the twentieth-century Caribbean. New York: Palgrave, 2001. xvi + 214 pp.-Edward Dew, Rosemarijn Hoefte ,Twentieth-century Suriname: Continuities and discontinuities in a new world society. Kingston: Ian Randle; Leiden: KITLV Press, 2001. xvi + 365 pp., Peter Meel (eds)-Joseph L. Scarpaci, Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, Power to the people: Energy and the Cuban nuclear program. New York: Routledge, 2000. xiii + 178 pp.-Lynn M. Festa, Keith A. Sandiford, The cultural politics of sugar: Caribbean slavery and narratives of colonialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 221 pp.-Maria Christina Fumagalli, John Thieme, Derek Walcott. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999. xvii + 251 pp.-Laurence A. Breiner, Stewart Brown, All are involved: The art of Martin Carter. Leeds U.K.: Peepal Tree, 2000. 413 pp.-Mikael Parkvall, John Holm, An introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xxi + 282 pp.

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10

Depaulis, Thierry. "Ancient American Board Games, I: From Teotihuacan to the Great Plains." Board Game Studies Journal 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2018-0002.

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Abstract Besides the ubiquitous patolli—a race game played on a cruciform gameboard—the Aztecs had obviously a few other board games. Unfortunately their names have not been recorded. We owe to Diego Durán, writing in the last quarter of the 16th century from local sources, some hints of what appears to be a “war game” and a second, different race game that he calls ‘fortuna’. A close examination of some Precolumbian codices shows a rectangular design with a chequered border, together with beans and gamepieces, which has correctly been interpreted as a board game. Many similar diagrams can be seen carved on stone in temples and public places, from Teotihuacan (c. 4th-7th century AD) to late Toltec times (9th-12th century AD). Of this game too we do not know the name. It has tentatively been called quauhpatolli (“eagle- or wooden-patolli”) by Christian Duverger (1978)—although this seems to have been the classic post-conquest Nahuatl name for the game of chess—or “proto-patolli”, and more concretely “rectángulo de cintas” (rectangle of bands) by William Swezey and Bente Bittman (1983). The lack of any representation of this game in all Postcolumbian codices, as painted by Aztec artists commissioned by Spanish scholars interested in the Aztec culture, is clear indication that the game had disappeared before the Spanish conquest, at least in central Mexico. No Aztec site shows any such gameboard. Fortunately this game had survived until the 20th (and 21st!) century but located in the Tarascan country, now the state of Michoacán. It was discovered, unchanged, in a Tarascan (Purepecha) village by Ralph L. Beals and Pedro Carrasco, who published their find in 1944. At that time Beals and Carrasco had no idea the game was attested in early codices and Teotihuacan to Maya and Toltec archaeological sites. In Purepecha the game is called k’uillichi. There is evidence of an evolution that led to a simplification of the game: less tracks, less gamesmen (in fact only one per player, while k’uillichi has four), and less ‘dice’. From a “complex” race game, the new debased version turned to be a simple single-track race game with no strategy at all. It is possible that this process took place in Michoacán. (A few examples of the simplified game were found in some Tarascan villages.) Also it seems the widespread use of the Nahua language, which the Spanish promoted, led to calling the game, and/or its dice, patol. As it was, patol proved to be very appealing and became very popular in the Mexican West, finally reaching the Noroeste, that is, the present North-West of Mexico and Southwest of the United States. This seems to have been a recent trend, since its progress was observed with much detail by missionaries living in close contact with the Indians along what was called the ‘Camino Real’, the long highway that led from western Mexico to what is now New Mexico in the U.S. The Spanish themselves seem to have helped the game in its diffusion, unaware of its presence. It is clearly with the Spaniards that the patol game, sometimes also called quince (fifteen), reached the American Southwest and settled in the Pueblo and the Zuñi countries. It is there that some newcomers, coming from the North or from the Great Plains, and getting in contact with the Pueblos in the 18th century, found the game and took it over. The Kiowas and Kiowa Apaches are noted for their zohn ahl (or tsoñä) game, while the Arapahos call it ne’bäku’thana. A careful examination of zohn ahl shows that it has kept the basic features of an ancient game that came—in Spanish times—from Mexico and may have been popular in Teotihuacan times. Its spread northward—through the Tarascan country—is, hopefully, well documented.

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11

Eid, Leroy V. ""National" War Among Indians of Northeastern North America." Canadian Review of American Studies 16, no. 2 (May 1985): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras-016-02-01.

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12

Morrison, Kenneth M. "Indians of Northeastern North America. Christian F. Feest." History of Religions 29, no. 1 (August 1989): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/463181.

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13

Hermann, Adrian. "Relating North American Indigenous History and the Study of Religion: Introducing a Review Symposium on Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind." Numen 67, no. 2-3 (April 20, 2020): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341576.

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Abstract This article introduces a combined review symposium on Jennifer Graber’s The Gods of Indian Country: Religion and the Struggle for the American West (Oxford University Press, 2018) and Pamela Klassen’s The Story of Radio Mind: A Missionary’s Journey on Indigenous Land (University of Chicago Press, 2018). It presents the four contributions to the review symposium as well as Graber and Klassen’s response and relates the discussion of the book to broader questions of studying North American Indigenous history as a central part of the study of religion.

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14

Wiemers, Serv. "The International Legal Status of North American Indians After 500 Years of Colonization." Leiden Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (February 1992): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001990.

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Next year, the ‘discovery’ of America by Columbus, 500 years ago, will be commemorated. The discovery of America started a time of colonization for the original inhabitants, the Indians. Since the 1970s an Indian movement has emerged in North America demanding the Indians' ‘rightful place among the family of nations’. This article contains a survey of the current international legal position of Indians in North America. Wiemers holds that international legal principles, developed in the decolonization context, are applicable to the North American Indian population. The right of a people to selfdetermination is the most discussed one.

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15

Leone, Catherine L. "American Indian Autobiographies for Teaching “Indians of North America”." Teaching Anthropology: Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges Notes 4, no. 2 (June 1997): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tea.1997.4.2.11.

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16

Prins, Harald E. L. "Review: Games of North America Indians by Stewart Culin." Explorations in Ethnic Studies ESS-14, no. 1 (August 1, 1994): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ess.1994.14.1.16.

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17

Schwaller, John Frederick, and Allan Greer. "The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America." Sixteenth Century Journal 32, no. 4 (2001): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3649000.

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18

Bagley, Robert W. "Trauma and Traumatic Stress among Missionaries." Journal of Psychology and Theology 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710303100202.

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Research was conducted to determine the extent and nature of traumatic events experienced by missionaries and the extent to which missionaries reported Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms due to traumatic exposure on the mission field. Ninety-four percent of missionaries reported having been exposed to trauma on the field, with 86% reporting exposure to multiple incidents. This was considerably higher than their exposure when off the field and could be attributed primarily to an increased risk of exposure to civil unrest and violent crime. Less than half of the missionaries reported symptoms at a level necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD at their most difficult period of adjustment to their most distressing traumatic experience. No missionaries reported current symptoms at a level necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD. The data suggests that missionaries from North America have a greater resilience to trauma than is found in the general North American population.

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19

Masur, Laura E. "Plantation as Mission: American Indians, Enslaved Africans, and Jesuit Missionaries in Maryland." Journal of Jesuit Studies 8, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-0803p003.

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Abstract Jesuit endeavors in Maryland are difficult to categorize as either missions or plantations. Archaeological sites associated with the Maryland Mission/ Province bear similarities to Jesuit mission sites in New France as well as plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is clear that in Maryland, the Jesuits did not enforce a distinction between missions as places of conversion and plantations as sites of capitalist production. Moreover, people of American Indian, African, and European ancestry have been connected with Maryland’s Jesuit plantations throughout their history. Archaeological evidence of Indian missions in Maryland—however fragmented—contributes to a narrative of the Maryland mission that is at odds with prevailing nineteenth- and twentieth-century histories. Archaeology demonstrates the importance of critically reflecting on available historical evidence, including a historiographic focus on either mission or plantation, on the written history of Jesuits in the Americas. Furthermore, historical archaeologists must reconceptualize missions as both places and practices.

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20

Langer, Erick D., and Robert H. Jackson. "Colonial and Republican Missions Compared: The Cases of Alta California and Southeastern Bolivia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 2 (April 1988): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015206.

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In Latin America missions have traditionally played a large role in conquering and incorporating native populations into dominant society. Most studies of the missionary enterprise have focused on the colonial period, when the missions reached their high point. The Jesuit missions in Paraguay and the Franciscan missions of central and northern Mexico, for example, ruled over vast territories and thousands of Indians. Although these institutions and their leaders have been widely studied because of their importance and visibility for colonial Latin America, it is not often recognized that missions continued to play a crucial role in the frontier development of the region even after the Spanish and Portuguese had been driven from the continent. Throughout the republican period, missionaries from many orders and creeds became critically important actors who, to a large degree, determined the shape of relations between native peoples and national society. This is quite clear even today in the Amazon basin, where missionaries often provide the natives' first exposure to Europeanized society.

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21

Szyszka, Tomasz. "Wymiar ewangelizacyjny „Instrucción de la orden que se ha de tener en la doctrina de los natrurales” z roku 1545, autorstwa biskupa limskiego Jerónimo de Loaysa." Studia Warmińskie 48 (December 31, 2011): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sw.290.

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Over a dozen years since the beginning of evangelization of Andean world, in year 1545 the first bishop of Lima Jeronimo de Loaysa issued Instruccion de la orden que se de tener en la doctrina de los natrurales. In this document he presented his notion about the ways and methods how to evangelize autochthons. This instruction was addressed to all missionaries who were involved in evangelizing Indians. In eighteen chapters of this instruction were presented the following questions: problem of freedom in converting local Indians to Christianity, issue of administering of sacraments to Indians, the basic catechesis, importance of sacral buildings and legal regulations concern marriage arrangement, keeping fasts and celebrations of Church’s feasts. Content of this document was placed in the final document of the First Synod of Lima from year 1552. Directives of bishop Loaysy from the year 1545 showed the directions and main concepts of evangelization of Indians in South America during the colonial period.

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22

Carol L. Higham. "Perishing Heathens: Stories of Protestant Missionaries and Christian Indians in Antebellum America by Julius H. Rubin." Michigan Historical Review 44, no. 1 (2018): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2018.0019.

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23

Koenig, Sarah. "Perishing Heathens: Stories of Protestant Missionaries and Christian Indians in Antebellum America by Julius H. Rubin." Journal of Southern History 84, no. 4 (2018): 989–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2018.0268.

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Cayton, Mary Kupiec. "Perishing Heathens: Stories of Protestant Missionaries and Christian Indians in Antebellum America by Julius H. Rubin." Journal of the Early Republic 39, no. 3 (2019): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2019.0072.

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25

Buschman, Lawrent L. "North American missionaries developed a North American-style school to prepare their children for life back in North America." Missiology: An International Review 47, no. 4 (October 2019): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829619858600.

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In her article “Sacred children and colonial subsidies” Anicka Fast suggests that the missionaries of the American Mennonite Brethren Mission developed a school for their children in order to separate the missionary children from the Congolese children. That is an unfortunate misinterpretation of the historical situation. The missionary children were always intimately associated with Congolese children on the mission stations. The missionary children’s school was developed to train the missionary children so they could return to North America, where they were legally expected to return and live. They were not immigrants in the Congo. They needed a “North American-style education” so they would have a reasonable chance of success when they returned to North America. The school itself eventually was moved to Kinshasa where it developed into the American School of Kinshasa, which serves a wide spectrum of black and white children from around the world. The matter of colonial subsidies was only tangentially related to the development of the school.

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26

Tyquiengco, Marina, and Monika Siebert. "Are Indians in America's DNA?" Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 8 (October 30, 2019): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.288.

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A conversation between Dr. Monika Siebert and Marina Tyquiengco on: Americans National Museum of the American Indian January 18, 2018–2022 Washington, D.C. Monika Siebert, Indians Playing Indian: Multiculturalism and Contemporary Indigenous Art in North America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2015.

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27

Chaney, Charles. "Book Review: The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America." Missiology: An International Review 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960203000112.

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28

Matijasic, Thomas D. "Reflected Values: Sixteenth-Century Europeans View the Indians of North America." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 11, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.11.2.t673126m83676x40.

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29

Abel, Kerry. "Prophets, Priests and Preachers: Dene Shamans and Christian Missions in the Nineteenth Century." Historical Papers 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030954ar.

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Abstract Throughout the nineteenth century, European and Canadian observers recorded instances of “prophets” arising among the Dene in the northwest. These men and women reported having travelled to the land of the spirits or to heaven, where they learned new rules for human behaviour which would bring about a change of circumstances for the better. Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society and particularly the Oblates of Mary Immaculate were concerned about these events and interpreted them in a variety of ways. Anthropologists and historians have considered similar postcontact events in North American Indian societies as “revitalization movements” and “crisis cults.” These concepts are examined and found somewhat misleading when applied to the Dene prophets. Instead, the activities of these prophets are interpreted as manifestations of traditional cultural responses to the various pressures of life in a harsh northern environment.

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30

Mancall, Peter C., and Thomas Weiss. "Was Ecomomic Growth Likely in Colonial British North America?" Journal of Economic History 59, no. 1 (March 1999): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700022270.

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Conventional wisdom holds that output per capita in colonial British America increased between 0.3 and 0.6 percent per year. Our conjectural estimates challenge this view, suggesting instead that such growth was unlikely. We show that the most likely rate of economic growth was much lower, probably close to zero. We argue further that to understand the performance of the colonial economy it is necessary to include the economic activity of Native American Indians. When this is done, we estimate that the economy may have grown at the rate suggested by previous researchers.

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31

Skerrett, Ellen. "Book Review: In the Light of the Word: Divine Word Missionaries of North America." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 26, no. 3 (July 2002): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693930202600316.

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32

Ganson, Barbara. "Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, Apostle of the Guaraní." Journal of Jesuit Studies 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00302002.

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This essay highlights the accomplishments of one of the foremost Jesuit missionaries in seventeenth-century Paraguay, Antonio Ruiz de Montoya. Born in Lima, Montoya distinguished himself as a chronicler of the first encounters between the Jesuits and the Guaraní Indians of South America. He defended Indian rights by speaking out against Indian slavery. Montoya spent approximately twenty-five years among the Guaraní indigenous peoples who influenced his worldview and sense of spirituality, which are reflected in his 1636 first account of the Jesuit reducciones in Paraguay, Conquista espiritual hecha por los religiosos de la Compañía de Jesús en las provincias del Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay, y Tapé.

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33

Watkins, Joe E. "Beyond the Margin: American Indians, First Nations, and Archaeology in North America." American Antiquity 68, no. 2 (April 2003): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557080.

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In North America, American Indians and First Nations have often been at odds with archaeologists over the status of their relationships, about who should have control over research designs and research questions, the interpretation of information about past cultures, and the ways past cultures are represented in the present. While the influence of the voice of Indigenous Nations in the discipline has risen, in many ways their voices are as stifled now as they were in the 1960s. This paper gives an American Indian perspective on the current practice of archaeology in North America and offers suggestions for improving relationships.

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Salmon, Vivian. "Missionary linguistics in seventeenth century Ireland and a North American Analogy." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.02sal.

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Summary Accounts of Christian missionary linguists in the 16th and 17th centuries are usually devoted to their achievements in the Americas and the Far East, and it is seldom remarked that, at the time when English Protestant missionaries were attempting to meet the challenge of unknown languages on the Eastern seaboard of North America, their fellow missionary-linguists were confronted with similar problems much nearer home – in Ireland, where the native language was quite as difficult as the Amerindian speech with which John Eliot and Roger Williams were engaged. Outside Ireland, few historians of linguistics have noted the extraordinarily interesting socio-linguistic situation in this period, when English Protestants and native-born Jesuits and Franciscans, revisiting their homeland covertly from abroad, did battle for the hearts and minds of the Irish-speaking population – nominally Catholic, but often so remote from contacts with their Mother Church that they seemed, to contemporary missionaries, to be hardly more Christian than the Amerindians. The linguistic problems of 16th-and 17th-century Ireland have often been discussed by historians dealing with attempts by Henry VIII and his successors to incorporate Ireland into a Protestant English state in respect of language, religion and forms of government, and during the 16th century various official initiatives were taken to convert the Irish to the beliefs of an English-speaking church. But it was in the 17th century that consistent and determined efforts were made by individual Englishmen, holding high ecclesiastical office in Ireland, to convert their nominal parishioners, not by forcing them to seek salvation via the English language, but to bring it to them by means of Irish-speaking ministers preaching the Gospel and reciting the Liturgy in their own vernacular. This paper describes the many parallels between the problems confronting Protestant missionaries in North America and these 17th-century Englishmen in Ireland, and – since the work of the American missions is relatively well-known – discusses in greater detail the achievements of missionary linguists in Ireland.

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Freedman, Katherine. "Sustaining Faith." Journal of Global Slavery 3, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00303002.

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Abstract This article uses the case study of the small Quaker community on seventeenth-century Antigua, as well as sources from Quakers on Barbados and from Quaker missionaries travelling throughout Britain’s Atlantic empire, to question the role of Quakers as anti-slavery pioneers. Quaker founder George Fox used a paternalistic formulation of hierarchy to contend that enslavement of other human beings was compatible with Quakerism, so long as it was done in a nurturing way—an argument that was especially compelling given the sect’s desperate need in the seventeenth century to establish itself economically or risk its destruction by the post-Restoration British State. By exploring the crucial economic role that the slave-based economies of the West Indies played in establishing the Quakers as a powerful sect in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, this article demonstrates that it was impossible for Quakers to follow through in establishing a nurturing form of slavery, particularly within the brutal context of the West Indian sugar colonies.

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Orr, Yancey, and Raymond Orr. "Imagining American Indians and Community in Southeast Asia." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 12, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v12i1.1113.

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Although geographically distant, the histories of Indigenous North America and Southeast Asia contain a series of parallels in colonial experience. This article traces these historical similarities between these two geographic regions in colonial and counter-colonial movements. It then focuses on American Indians and Indigenous communities in the Philippines and Indonesia perceptions of one another, recorded during fieldwork by the authors in Southeast Asia and the U.S. Additionally, it elaborates on the similarities between these two groups in expressions of solidarity and sympathy as parts of settler-societies. Beyond views of dispossession, these communities placed importance on one another’s environmental stewardship, retention of community in the context of a “modernising” settler society, and government-to-government relationships that are often eclipsed by settler societies who perceive Indigenous populations as racial minorities rather than self-determined polities. This analysis provides a greater understanding of how Indigenous groups in North America and Southeast Asia understand each other’s experiences.

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Bhatti, Shaheena Ayub, Ghulam Murtaza, and Aamir Shehzad. "Revisiting Paul Kanes Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America." Global Language Review IV, no. II (December 31, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2019(iv-ii).13.

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Paul Kanes paintings and sketches which form the basis of Wanderings of an Artist, were made with the aim of presenting an “extensive series of illustrations of the characteristics, habits and scenery of the country and its inhabitants.” However, a careful and detailed reading of his paintings and writings show that he actually violated the trust that the American Indians placed in him by depicting false images. Working in the background of Lasswells theory of propaganda this study seeks to demonstrate how the images and writings that he created, fulfilled no purpose, other than that of propaganda. The essay takes as its base the short fiction of Sherman Alexies Scalp Dance by Spokane Indians and attempts to show through the text how Kane, in reality, violated the trust that the American Indian tribes placed in him, by allowing him to photograph them in various poses and at various times of the day and year.

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Szegál, Borisz. "Native people of North America (the so called Indians): historical overview, ethnopsychological outline." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.64.2009.1.2.

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A tanulmány első része bemutatja, leírja, elemzi és értelmezi az indiánokkal összefüggő főbb fogalmakat. A fogalmak tisztázása igen fontos, mert éppen ezekben a kérdésekben mutatható ki egyértelműen a hiányos ismeretekre épülő félreértések és többé-kevésbé szándékosan félrevezető általánosítások sokasága. Ezután ismertetjük az észak-amerikai indiánok történetének etnopszichológiai szempontból fontosabb elemeit, kiemelve az Amerika felfedezése előtti évezredekre vonatkozó adatokat, majd áttérünk a bennszülött népek és az Európából egyre nagyobb számban érkező tömegek közötti kapcsolatokra. Az európai bevándorlók által provokált konfliktusok, később háborúk, népirtás, korlátozások és diszkrimináció, valamint az Európából behurcolt fertőző betegségek következtében az első amerikaiak nagy része elpusztult. Csak az utóbbi évtizedekben kezdett kibontakozni az amerikai indián restauráció. A tanulmány második részében bemutatjuk e különleges történelmi sorsú népek pszichológiai sajátosságait. Az etnopszichológiai kutatások igen fontos kérdése az adatgyűjtés módszertani jellemzői, az adatok validitása és megbízhatósága. Az érvek és ellenérvek mérlegelése alapján megkíséreljük az indiánok magatartásának, pszichés jellemzőinek felvázolását, a főbb indián értékek, attitűdök, magatartási sajátosságok bemutatását, mint például együttműködés, a csoport szelleme, a versengés hiánya, szerénység, visszafogott magatartás, perceptuális sajátosságokat, mint kiváló megfigyelőkészség stb.

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Smith, Dwight L., and Peter Charles Hoffer. "Indians and Europeans: Selected Articles on Indian-White Relations in Colonial North America." American Indian Quarterly 14, no. 1 (1990): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185008.

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Smithers, Gregory D. "Indians in Local Places: Towns, Outposts, and Colonialism in Eighteenth-Century North America." Eighteenth-Century Studies 46, no. 1 (2012): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2012.0077.

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Lush, Rebecca M. "Painting Indians and Building Empires in North America, 1710–1840 (review)." Western American Literature 47, no. 3 (2012): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.2012.0060.

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Mills, Frederick V. "The Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge In British North America, 1730–1775." Church History 63, no. 1 (March 1994): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167830.

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Three major Protestant missionary organizations—the Company for the ropagation of the Gospel in New England (the NEC, founded 1649), the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG, founded 1701), and the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge (SSPCK, founded 1709)—all played significant roles in Christianizing and civilizing the inhabitants of British North America. The New England Company had the longest history and is the oldest Protestant missionary organization. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts sent no fewer than three hundred missionaries to America between 1701 and 1783. While the NEC and the SPG have received scholarly attention, the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge has been virtually ignored.

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Приходько-Кононенко, І. О., М. С. Винничук, О. С. Васильєва, Т. В. Пристав, and М. І. Маслікова. "ХУДОЖНЬО-КОМПОЗИЦІЙНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ КОСТЮМА НАРОДІВ ПІВНІЧНОЇ АМЕРИКИ ЯК ТВОРЧЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ РОЗРОБКИ КОЛЕКЦІЇ ОДЯГУ." Art and Design, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2019.4.12.

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To determine the artistic and compositional features of ethnic costume of the peoples of North America for design-projection of the modern collections of women`s clothes. The visual-analytical and the literary-analytical methods, as well as the method of synectics, etc. are used. Based on the analysis of artistic and compositional solutions for ethnic costumes of the peoples of North America, in particular, Crow, Creek, Navaho, Pancho and Pueblo, their inherent elements and decorations are identified, and the possibility of their use as a creative source for the designing of modern collections of clothes in ethnic style, using the latest fashion trends and the draping method, is presented. Compositional and constructive, and decorative solutions for the models of women`s clothes are systematized in accordance with the fashion trends of the SS 19/20 season; specific artistic and compositional elements of the ethnic costume of the Indians of North America are distinguished; possible types of finishing are described, and their application in design-projecting of the collections of clothes are presented. Artistic-design and constructive-technological solutions for the models of women`s clothes using the artistic and compositional elements of the national costume of the Indians of North America are developed.

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Panich, Lee M. "Archaeologies of Persistence: Reconsidering the Legacies of Colonialism in Native North America." American Antiquity 78, no. 1 (January 2013): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.1.105.

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AbstractThis article seeks to define common ground from which to build a more integrated approach to the persistence of indigenous societies in North America. Three concepts are discussed—identity, practice, and context—that may prove useful for the development of archaeologies of persistence by allowing us to counter terminal narratives and essentialist concepts of cultural identity that are deeply ingrained in scholarly and popular thinking about Native American societies. The use of these concepts is illustrated in an example that shows how current archaeological research is challenging long-held scholarty and popular beliefs about the effects of colonialism in coastal California, where the policies of Spanish colonial missionaries have long been thought to have driven local native peoples to cultural extinction. By exploring how the sometimes dramatic changes of the colonial period were internally structured and are just one part of long and dynamic native histories, archaeologies of persistence may help to bring about a shift in how the archaeology of colonialism presents the histories of native peoples in North America—one that can make archaeology more relevant to descendant communities.

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KRUGER, LOREN. "Introduction: Diaspora, Performance, and National Affiliations in North America." Theatre Research International 28, no. 3 (October 2003): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883303001123.

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Although current theories of diaspora argue for a break between an older irrevocable migration from one nation to another and a new transnational movement between host country and birthplace, research on nineteenth- as well as twentieth-century North America demonstrates that earlier migration also had a transnational dimension. The cultural consequences of this two-way traffic include syncretic performance forms, institutions, and audiences, whose legitimacy depended on engagement with but not total assimilation in local conventions and on the mobilization of touristic nostalgia in, say, Cantonese opera in California or Bavarian-American musicals in New York, to appeal to nativist and immigrant consumers. Today, syncretic theatre of diaspora is complicated on the one hand by a theatre of diasporic residence, in which immigrants dramatize inherited conflicts in the host country, such as Québécois separatism in Canada, along with problems of migrants, among them South Asians, and on the other by a theatre of non-residence, touring companies bringing theatre from the home country, say India, to ‘non-resident Indians’ and local audiences in the United States.

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Kercsmar, Joshua Abram. "Wolves at Heart: How Dog Evolution Shaped Whites’ Perceptions of Indians in North America." Environmental History 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 516–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emw007.

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McGrath, Eileen. "North Carolina Books." North Carolina Libraries 68, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v68i1.320.

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Compiled by Eileen McGrath, the following books are included: The North Carolina Gazetter: A Dictionary of Tar Heel Places and Their History; Becoming Elizabeth Lawrence: Discovered Letters of a Southern Gardener; The Southern Mind under Union Rule: The Diary of James Rumley; A Day of Blood: The 1898 Wilmington Race Riot; Kay Kyser: The Ol' Professor of Sing! America's Forgotten Superstar; Haven on the Hill: A History of North Carolina's Dorothea Dix Hospital; Middle of the Air; Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation; Cow across America; Real NASCAR: White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France; 27 Views of Hillsborough: A Southern Town in Prose & Poetry; Twelve by Twelve: A One Room Cabin off the Grid and beyond the American Dream; and Down Home: Jewish Life in North Carolina.

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Sewell-Coker, Beverly, Joyce Hamilton-Collins, and Edith Fein. "Social Work Practice with West Indian Immigrants." Social Casework 66, no. 9 (November 1985): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948506600907.

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When West Indians come to live in North America, they encounter conflicting values. The resulting stress may lead to dysfunctional reactions, particularly in regard to parent-child relationships. Agency workers report on the program they developed to help such immigrants.

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Escobar, Samuel. "Mission from the Margins to the Margins: Two Case Studies from Latin America." Missiology: An International Review 26, no. 1 (January 1998): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969802600107.

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The shift of Christianity to the South means that missionary initiative moves to countries and regions that are marginal from the viewpoint of economic development and cultural hegemony. Consequently, there is a search for new models of mission “from the margins” that will be closer to the models of New Testament times and the pre-Constantinian church. This article explores two case studies of Protestant mission that emerged from the margins of North American society at the beginning of this century. The stories of Pentecostal and Seventh-Day Adventist missionaries, who started their work among marginalized sectors in remote areas of Brazil and Perú, provide suggestive examples of methodology and approach.

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Handford, Jenny Mai. "Dog sledging in the eighteenth century: North America and Siberia." Polar Record 34, no. 190 (July 1998): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400025705.

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AbstractThe different designs of sledges and dog harnesses, the methods of hitching used by the various peoples of the Arctic regions in the eighteenth century, and the influences they had on each other, are investigated. The development of dog sledging reflects not only the migrations of herding tribes of the steppe into southern Siberia — which progressively pushed some peoples farther and farther northeast — but the relationship between peoples whose culture was nomadic or more settled, whose way of life depended on reindeer herding or not, or who had earlier or later contact with the Russians or other Europeans. The Europeans in North America, it is argued, learned dog sledging from the Eskimos and taught it to the Indians. The Russians appear to have discovered dog sledging in Siberia, where their influence ultimately overcame many of the techniques of the native peoples. The Eskimos are found to have had the most-developed harnessing methods during the eighteenth century, and to have been the prevailing influence where they met with other sledging peoples.

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