Academic literature on the topic 'Indians of North America – Mississippi River Valley'

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Journal articles on the topic "Indians of North America – Mississippi River Valley"

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Wickert, Andrew D., Robert S. Anderson, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Shawn Naylor, and Eric C. Carson. "The Mississippi River records glacial-isostatic deformation of North America." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaav2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2366.

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The imprint of glacial isostatic adjustment has long been recognized in shoreline elevations of oceans and proglacial lakes, but to date, its signature has not been identified in river long profiles. Here, we reveal that the buried bedrock valley floor of the upper Mississippi River exhibits a 110-m-deep, 300-km-long overdeepening that we interpret to be a partial cast of the Laurentide Ice Sheet forebulge, the ring of flexurally raised lithosphere surrounding the ice sheet. Incision through this forebulge occurred during a single glacial cycle at some time between 2.5 and 0.8 million years before present, when ice-sheet advance forced former St. Lawrence River tributaries in Minnesota and Wisconsin to flow southward. This integrated for the first time the modern Mississippi River, permanently changing continental-scale hydrology and carving a bedrock valley through the migrating forebulge with sediment-poor water. The shape of the inferred forebulge is consistent with an ice sheet ~1 km thick near its margins, similar to the Laurentide Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, and provides evidence of the impact of geodynamic processes on geomorphology even in the midst of a stable craton.
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Pauketat, Timothy R., Robert F. Boszhardt, and Danielle M. Benden. "Trempealeau Entanglements: An Ancient Colony's Causes and Effects." American Antiquity 80, no. 2 (April 2015): 260–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.260.

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Archaeological investigations at the Trempealeau and Fisher Mounds Site Complexes in western Wisconsin have provided definitive evidence of settlements and platform mounds in a portion of the Upper Mississippi Valley dating to the early Cahokian era, immediately priorto A.D. 1050 and ending before A.D. 1100. The presence ofCahokian earthen constructions, wall-trench buildings, ceramics, and imported stone tools associated with likely religious buildings and a series of possible farmsteads 900 river km north of Cahokia points to a unique intrusive occupation. We suggest that Trempealeau was a religious installation located proximate to a powerful, storied landform on the Mississippi River that afforded Cahokians access to the animate forces of that region. Probably built by and for Cahokians with minimal involvement on the part of living local people, the timing of this occupation hints at its close relationship to the founding of the American Indian city to the south.
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Milner, George R. "Mississippian Period Population Density in a Segment of the Central Mississippi River Valley." American Antiquity 51, no. 2 (April 1986): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/279938.

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Recent archaeological investigations of Mississippian period (A.D. 1000–1400) sites permit the development of population estimates for an area immediately south of Cahokia, the largest prehistoric site in North America. Population estimates are derived from the number of structures at 11 sites, with the amount of prehistorically habitable land being incorporated as part of the estimating procedure. Population density increased somewhat during the earliest two of four Mississippian phases, reaching its peak during the Stirling phase. Thereafter, population decreased, reaching its lowest point during the Sand Prairie phase.
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Rodning, Christopher B. "Cherokee Towns and Calumet Ceremonialism in Eastern North America." American Antiquity 79, no. 3 (July 2014): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.3.425.

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Calumet ceremonialism was widely practiced by Native American and European colonial groups in the Great Plains and Southeast during the late seventeenth century and the early eighteenth century. Cultural practices associated with smoking calumet pipes have roots in the prehistoric past, but the spread of calumet ceremonialism across the Southeast was associated with the spread of European colonists and colonialism. Calumet ceremonialism served the needs for groups to have a means of creating balance, and of setting the stage for peaceful interaction and exchange, during a period marked by considerable instability and dramatic cultural change. The presence of a redstone elbow pipe bowl fragment from the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina demonstrates the participation of Cherokee towns in calumet ceremonialism, despite the remote location of this site in the southern Appalachians, far from major European colonial settlements, and far from areas such as the Mississippi River Valley and the upper Midwest where such pipes are much more common.
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Qian, Jian-Hua, Brian Viner, Stephen Noble, and David Werth. "Precipitation Characteristics of Warm Season Weather Types in the Southeastern United States of America." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081001.

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Daily weather types (WTs) over the Southeast United States have been analyzed using 850 hPa winds from reanalysis data from March to October of 1979–2019. Six WTs were obtained. WTs 1–3 represent mid-latitude synoptic systems propagating eastward. WT4 is a summer-type pattern predominantly occurring in June–August, with the center of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) along the Gulf coast in the southern United States. WT5 is most frequent from August to middle October, with the NASH pushed further north and southerly winds over the northern Great Plains. An anticyclone centered at the Carolina coast characterizes WT6, which occurs in all months but is slightly more frequent in the spring and fall, especially in October, corresponding to fair weather in the region. WTs 1, 2 and 3 can persist for only a few days. WTs 4, 5 and 6 can have long spells of persistence. Besides self-persistence, the most observed progression loop is WT1 to WT2, to WT3, and then back to WT1, corresponding to eastward-propagating waves. WTs 4 and 5 are likely to show persistence, with long periods of consecutive days. WT6 usually persists but can also transfer to WT3, i.e., a change from fair weather in the Southeast U.S. to rainy weather in the Mississippi River Valley. A diurnal cycle of precipitation is apparent for each WT, especially over coastal plains. The nocturnal precipitation in central U.S. is associated with WT3. WTs 1–3 are more frequent in El Niño years, corresponding to stronger westerly wave activities and above normal rainfall in the Southeast U.S. in the spring. The positive rainfall anomaly in the Mississippi and Ohio River valley in El Niño years is also associated with more frequent WT3.
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Betts, Colin M. "Pots and Pox: The Identification of Protohistoric Epidemics in the Upper Mississippi Valley." American Antiquity 71, no. 2 (April 2006): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035904.

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Exogenous diseases represent one of the principal agents of culture change associated with the historic period, yet the timing of their initial influence remains undocumented in many regions of North America. Settlement variables, cooking pot volume, and mortality profiles from Oneota tradition occupations are used to investigate the possible occurrence of epidemics in the Upper Mississippi River valley. Synchronous fluctuations in settlement and ceramic variables indicate that following at least two centuries of population growth a significant population decline occurred in the early seventeenth century. Several factors provide support for the role of disease in this decline, including its timing, magnitude, and the documented presence of epidemics in adjacent regions combined with substantial evidence for extensive contact with those areas. This event, prior to direct, sustained contact, is associated with the increased intensity of intergroup exchange occurring with the fur trade. The ability to identify the occurrence of such epidemics is essential for understanding protohistoric cultural dynamics as well as the transmission of disease on a continental level.
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Kidder, Tristram R. "Climate Change and the Archaic to Woodland Transition (3000–2500 Cal B.P.) in the Mississippi River Basin." American Antiquity 71, no. 2 (April 2006): 195–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035903.

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Archaeologists frequently assume the cultural transition from Archaic to Woodland (ca. 3000–2500 cal B.P.) in the Mississippi River basin is a gradual process. In the lower Mississippi Valley, however, there is an abrupt gap in the archaeological sequence at this time and pronounced differences between Late Archaic and Early Woodland archaeological remains. Elsewhere in the basin, this transition is marked by an occupation hiatus or decline and is accompanied by significant changes in settlement and material culture organization. In most parts of the floodplain of the Mississippi River and its tributaries there are few sites dating to this interval suggesting the river bottom was abandoned for several hundred years as a location for sustained habitation. High-resolution climate data demonstrates an episode of rapid global climate change involving significant alterations in temperature and precipitation in the period ca. 3000–2600 cal B.P. The proximate cause of this global climate occurrence is change in galactic cosmic ray intensity and solar irradiation possibly amplified by variations in the earth"s geomagnetic field. Global climate changes led to greatly increased flood frequencies and magnitudes in the Mississippi River watershed during the shift from Late Archaic to Early Woodland. In northeast Louisiana, increased flooding led to major fluvial reorganization that caused settlement abandonment and is associated with the demise of Poverty Point culture. Climate change and associated flooding is implicated as one cause of major cultural reorganization at the end of the Archaic throughout much of eastern North America.
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JULIUS, MATTHEW L., and MARK B. EDLUND. "The 21st International Diatom Symposium." Phytotaxa 127, no. 1 (August 29, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.3.

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The 21st International Diatom Symposium (IDS) convened from 29 August to 03 September 2010 at the Crown Plaza Hotel in downtown St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Over 135 delegates representing 23 countries attended the symposium and enjoyed keynote addresses by Drs John Smol and Ellinor Michel. Delegates participated in special sessions on Genetic Barcoding, Life Cycles and Resting Stages, Marine Biostratigraphy and Paleoceanography, Diatoms and Inferring Water Quality, Ecology and Distribution of Cyclotella sensu lato, and a Diatoms of North America workshop. Sixty-eight papers were presented in oral sessions and over 60 papers given in two poster sessions. A mid-week excursion gave delegates the opportunity to canoe on the Mississippi River or attend the Minnesota State Fair. Other symposia events included the first IDS Auction to raise money for students attending the symposium, an evening gala at the Science Museum of Minnesota, and a closing banquet dinner and dance overlooking the Mississippi River valley. At the 2010 biennial general meeting of the International Society for Diatom Research in St. Paul, a motion was passed for the 22nd International Diatom Symposium to be held in Ghent, Belgium in August 2012.
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Koster, Randal D., Yehui Chang, Hailan Wang, and Siegfried D. Schubert. "Impacts of Local Soil Moisture Anomalies on the Atmospheric Circulation and on Remote Surface Meteorological Fields during Boreal Summer: A Comprehensive Analysis over North America." Journal of Climate 29, no. 20 (September 27, 2016): 7345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0192.1.

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Abstract A series of stationary wave model (SWM) experiments are performed in which the boreal summer atmosphere is forced, over a number of locations in the continental United States, with an idealized diabatic heating anomaly that mimics the atmospheric heating associated with a dry land surface. For localized heating within a large portion of the continental interior, regardless of the specific location of this heating, the spatial pattern of the forced atmospheric circulation anomaly (in terms of 250-hPa eddy streamfunction) is largely the same: a high anomaly forms over west-central North America and a low anomaly forms to the east. In supplemental atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, similar results are found; imposing soil moisture dryness in the AGCM in different locations within the U.S. interior tends to produce the aforementioned pattern, along with an associated near-surface warming and precipitation deficit in the center of the continent. The SWM-based and AGCM-based patterns generally agree with composites generated using reanalysis and precipitation gauge data. The AGCM experiments also suggest that dry anomalies imposed in the lower Mississippi River valley have remote surface impacts of particularly large spatial extent, and a region along the eastern half of the U.S.–Canadian border is particularly sensitive to dry anomalies in a number of remote areas. Overall, the SWM and AGCM experiments support the idea of a positive feedback loop operating over the continent: dry surface conditions in many interior locations lead to changes in atmospheric circulation that act to enhance further the overall dryness of the continental interior.
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Emerson, Thomas E., William S. Dancey, Timothy R. Pauketat, Alasdair Whittle, Elizabeth DeMarrais, Warren R. DeBoer, and A. B. Kehoe. "Cahokia and the Archaeology of Power." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9, no. 2 (October 1999): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300015407.

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The days are long gone when archaeologists would automatically interpret any major prehistoric monument as evidence of a hierarchically organized society. Faced with a Stonehenge or a Silbury Hill, the evident deployment of large labour forces might naturally lead to thoughts of social élites and stratified societies. The task facing archaeologists today, however, is to interpret such monuments not as programmatic products of parallel social processes but as elements in unique and dynamic configurations of social, political and ideological interactions. This is the approach which the present volume seeks to exemplify, taking as its focus the famous site of Cahokia in the Mississippi valley. Cahokia itself is the greatest monument complex of prehistoric North America, marked by 120 mounds spread over an area of 13 square kilometres across the Mississippi river from the modern city of St Louis. During the twelfth century AD this was a settlement with a population estimated to have numbered in the thousands if not tens of thousands. What does such a phenomenon represent in social and political terms?In this book, Thomas Emerson considers not just the monuments of Cahokia themselves but the evidence for ideology and the power relationships which might have supported a hierarchical society, and the mechanisms which may have connected Cahokia with its rural hinterland. The wealth of detailed information available from the sites in and around Cahokia — some of them excavated by Emerson himself — allows a detailed analysis at a level which is rarely possible in archaeological cases of this kind. Drawing on concepts of individual agency, power and ideology as forces for social change, Emerson interprets the rise of Cahokia as the successful manipulation of ideology by élites, an ideology in which the subordinate layers of society are compelled to participate.Emerson's study raises key questions about the rise and fall of complex societies, and the role of ideology and agency in that process. That these questions remain open to debate, the contributions to this review feature amply demonstrate. How hierarchical was Cahokia, how effective was élite ideology, and, above all, how can we go about analyzing this kind of question from the archaeological evidence? The results have a bearing on archaeological interpretation at the very broadest level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indians of North America – Mississippi River Valley"

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Anderson, Robert T. "The transformation of the upper Ohio River Valley." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2123.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 320 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-259).
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Elder, J. Tait. "Exploring Prehistoric Salmon Subsistence in the Willamette Valley using Zooarchaeological Records and Optimal Foraging Theory." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/22.

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My research examines the prehistoric subsistence of native peoples of the Willamette Valley, Oregon through an analysis of the regional zooarchaeological records, and then modeling regional diet breadth. Through this analysis, I challenge commonly held stereotypes that the indigenous people of the Willamette Valley were strictly root eaters, and the basis for this claim, that salmon were not part of Native subsistence. The results of my research indicate that given the incomplete nature of the ethnohistoric record, very little can be said about expected cultural behaviors, such as salmon consumption, that appear to be absent in the Willamette Valley. In addition, since the faunal assemblage is so small in the Willamette Valley, zooarchaeological data are simply inadequate for studying the relationship between prehistoric peoples and their animal resources. Finally, optimal foraging modeling suggests that salmon is one of the higher ranked resources available to the Native People of the Willamette Valley.
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Bourgeois, Vincent Gerald Jean. "A regional pre-contact ceramic sequence for the Saint John River Valley." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46235.pdf.

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Richey, Kristine Diane. "Life along the Kenepocomoco : archaeological resources of the upper Eel River Valley." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897523.

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An archaeological survey documenting sites along Upper Eel River within the Indiana counties of Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko and Wabash was conducted during 199192 to collect data which was analyzed to provide a clearer understanding of the region's cultural chronology and describe the area's cultural resources. A total of 765 previously unrecorded sites were documented, 493 of which were field-checked during field reconnaissance of 10% of the project universe, with 1010.82 acres surveyed. A research project completed entirely by volunteers succeeded in locating a number of potential archaeological sites from the Historic Period.Data from the present study securely defined the cultural chronology of the Upper Eel River Valley and yielded valuable information concerning settlement patterns, ecological exploitation, and avenues of migration. Cultural sequencing revealed the presence of Early Paleo-Indians along the river valley at approximately 12,000 B.P. and chronicled the continued expansion of prehistoric populations within the area into historic times.
Department of Anthropology
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Anderson, Andrea L. "Late Archaic lithic technology and land-use patterns in the Upper Susquehanna River Valley of New York a comparison of the Goodyear and Oaks Creek sites /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Mohow, James August. "Paleo-Indian and early archaic settlement patterns of the Maumee River Valley in northeastern Indiana." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544133.

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In 1987, the Archaeological Resources Management Service (AXM6) at Ball State University conducted a sampling survey of a seven mile section of the Maumee River Valley in Allen County, Indiana. In addition to the primary survey, the project conducted an experiment in resurveying previously surveyed sample units, interviewed local collectors, and analyzed and tabulated data from a local collection with site level provenience. The project also reevaluated data previously collected from an adjacent section of the river valley and tested four sites in the latter study area.This study summarizes the data from the Maumee Grant Project and presents a general chronology of prehistoric habitation in the study area based upon that data. More specifically, this study has formulated provisional settlement models for the:PaleoIndian and Early Archaic habitation of the Upper Maumee River Valley, circa-10,000 to 6,000 B.C.The data indicate that the earliest peoples to inhabit the study area were Paleo-Indian bands with a preference for floodplain habitation and a subsistence strategy that emphasized hunting. As the post-glacial climate of the region ameliorated, the Early Archaic peoples that followed adapted a more diverse subsistence strategy, thus drawing upon a wider variety of terrace and floodplain resources. In contrast to their PaleoIndian forerunners, Early Archaic groups in the Upper Maumee Valley generally exhibited a preference for terrace habitation. In addition to the general Early Archaic occupation of the valley, three specific lithic traditions, the Kirk, the Bifurcate, and the Thebes, were identified and their settlement practices compared. While the origins of the earliest PaleoIndian bands in the region remained unclear, subsequent groups seem to have extended from and/or been influenced by Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene populations to the north, west, southwest, south, and east. By contributing to the regional data base and formulating provisional settlement models, this report provides a foundational basis for future research in the region.
Department of Anthropology
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Klaus, Haagen D. "Out of Light Came Darkness: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Ritual, Health, and Ethnogenesis in the Lambayeque Valley Complex, North Coast Peru (AD 900-1750)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1209498934.

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Emrick, Isaac J. "The Monyton diaspora : a history of the Middle Ohio River Valley, 1640-1700 /." 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3903.

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Stepp, David. "Descriptive analysis of human remains from the Fuller and Fanning Mounds, Yamhill River, Willamette Valley, Oregon." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36847.

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The study presents the results of a descriptive analysis of the skeletal remains of 66 individuals recovered from the Fuller and Fanning Mound sites, located on the Yamhill River, Willamette Valley, Oregon, excavated in 1941-42 by W. T. Edmundson and William S. Laughlin. The literature and original field notes have been analyzed, and a description of burial type, side, orientation, grave type, associations, original preservation, and other information has been compiled for each individual. A tally of each of these burial attributes for the Yamhill population as a whole is also completed. In addition, an assessment of age, sex, and stature, a series of craniometric measurements, and non-metric traits, a dental analysis, and general description of obvious pathologic and morphologic condition of each individual and the group as a whole have been accomplished. Differences in trade item associations between deformed and non-deformed individuals suggest either a later arrival of cranial deformation practices (and possibly another cultural group) to the area, and possibly a multiple occupation of the Fuller and Fanning sites, or an elite class separation defined in part by artificial deformation of crania. Cranial deformation is also associated with the frequency of certain cranial discrete traits. Sexual dimorphism was noted in metric but not in non-metric analyses. Stature estimates indicate a population with mean stature of 1636-1661 for males, and 1547-1574 for females, typical among prehistoric Oregon populations. Mortality appears high for infants and adolescents when compared with other prehistoric North American samples. Dental attrition and caries may indicate a heavier reliance on plant than on animal foods. Single trait comparison to other regional populations shows some significant differences and indicates a need for further analysis of biological relationships using larger comparative samples and multivariate statistics.
Graduation date: 1994
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Rolland, Vicki L. Marrinan Rochelle A. "Measuring tradition and variation a St. Johns II pottery assemblage from the shields site (8DU12) /." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01062004-165931.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.
Advisor: Dr. Rochelle A. Marrinan, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 6/16/04). Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Indians of North America – Mississippi River Valley"

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F, Boszhardt Robert, ed. Twelve millennia: Archaeology of the upper Mississippi River Valley. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003.

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1911-1968, Ford James Alfred, Griffin James Bennett 1905-, and Williams Stephen 1926-, eds. Archaeological survey in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, 1940-1947. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003.

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American Indians in the lower Mississippi Valley: Social and economic histories. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.

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Anderson, Gary Clayton. Kinsmen of another kind: Dakota-white relations in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1650-1862. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1997.

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Science, style and the study of community structure: An example from the central Mississippi River Valley. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2001.

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Handel, Religion und Herrschaft: Kulturkontakt und Ureinwohnerpolitik in Neufrankreich im frühen 17. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.

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Society, French Colonial Historical, ed. French and Indians in the heart of North America, 1630-1815. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2013.

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Dammed Indians revisited: The continuing history of the Pick-Sloan Plan and the Missouri River Sioux. Pierre: South Dakota State Historical Society Press, 2009.

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Ekberg, Carl J. Stealing Indian women: Native slavery in the Illinois Country. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2008.

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Ekberg, Carl J. Stealing Indian women: Native slavery in the Illinois Country. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indians of North America – Mississippi River Valley"

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Schirmer, Ronald C., and Chad Wittkop. "Application of LiDAR and geophysics to archaeological investigations in the upper Mississippi River valley." In Archean to Anthropocene: Field Guides to the Geology of the Mid-Continent of North America, 401–10. Geological Society of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2011.0024(18).

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"Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century." In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, edited by George D. Scholten. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch18.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—As commercial paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>fisheries shifted from primarily flesh to almost exclusively roe harvest, agencies had to change their management strategies. Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee were the only states within the Mississippi River basin that were open to commercial paddlefish harvest in 2006. These seven states were surveyed in 2006 to summarize commercial paddlefish fisheries management in North America. Although commercial fishing license sales declined in most states since the mid-1980s, the number of commercial fishers targeting paddlefish steadily increased since the late 1990s. Total license fees for a resident commercial fisher to set 10 gill nets for paddlefish ranged from US$70.35 to $1,200, and those fees ranged from $242.35 to $2,500 for nonresidents (in the five states that allowed nonresidents). Management strategies employed in these seven states varied greatly in 2006. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee managed their fisheries with statewide seasons, and Kentucky had seasons for two of three major fisheries. Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee had minimum eye-to-fork length limits on all or some of their fisheries. There were numerous gear restrictions in the seven states, including minimum mesh size restrictions, net length limits, and net attendance requirements. Most states had a mandatory harvest report, but the information collected on these reports differed among states. The vastly different management strategies that were employed in the commercial fisheries throughout the Mississippi River basin have resulted in new problems as roe values increase. Future management will likely focus on development of management plans for biologically relevant areas. These management plans should include measures to prevent recruitment overfishing and minimize bycatch mortality. Interjurisdictional management and continued information sharing are necessary to effectively manage paddlefish fisheries in the future.
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Hudak, Curtis M., Edwin R. Hajic, and Jeffery J. Walsh. "Interpreting origins of landform sediment assemblages within the Upper Mississippi River Valley and tributaries in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota." In Archean to Anthropocene: Field Guides to the Geology of the Mid-Continent of North America, 525–44. Geological Society of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2011.0024(26).

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Pound, Kate, Karen Campbell, and Lee Schmitt. "An examination of the bedrock geology and the Mississippi River valley in the Twin Cities: Pedagogical strategies for introductory geology field trips." In Archean to Anthropocene: Field Guides to the Geology of the Mid-Continent of North America, 505–23. Geological Society of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2011.0024(25).

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Walczynski, Mark. "1730–1776: We Leave, Never to Return." In The History of Starved Rock, 128–42. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748240.003.0009.

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This chapter describes the events in Starved Rock from 1730 to 1776. By 1732, nearly all Peoria Indians were living at villages in the Illinois Valley, at either Starved Rock or at Lake Peoria. For the Illinois, especially the Peoria and possibly some Cahokia living at Starved Rock, it appeared that the Mesquakie threat had been extinguished. Rather than continue their campaign of genocide against the Mesquakie, the French administration decided to utilize its resources where they were needed most—in the lower Mississippi Valley against the fierce Chickasaw tribe, who were allies and trade partners of the British. Meanwhile, in Europe, the French became embroiled in a conflict with the British known as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), a conflict that spilled over to North America, where it is commonly and incorrectly called the French and Indian War. By 1777, the Potawatomi were firmly ensconced in the Illinois Country. Like the Potawatomi, the Mascouten and Kickapoo Indians also moved into Illinois. None of these groups, however, established themselves at Starved Rock.
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Colden, Cadwallader. "The Affairs of the Five Nations with the Neighbouring English Colonies." In The History of the Five Indian Nations Depending on the Province of New-York in America. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713903.003.0003.

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This chapter describes the relationship between the Five Nations and their English neighbors. Amply supplied with firearms and ammunition, the Five Nations launched a campaign to avenge the affronts received from their neighbors as well as make all the Nations around them their tributaries. As a result, the Five Nations “over-ran” the greatest part of North America. They carried their arms as far South as Carolina, and to the Northward of New England, and as far west as the River Mississippi, and destroyed many Nations that resisted. These war-like expeditions also became troublesome for the colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Not only did the Indians who were friends with those colonies become “victims to the fury of the Five Nations,” but also the Christian inhabitants.
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7

Graham, Alan. "Quaternary North American Vegetational History: 1.6 Ma to the Present." In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0011.

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The Quaternary Period encompasses the Pleistocene and the Holocene or Recent Epochs. The date used for the beginning of the Pleistocene depends upon which globally recognizable event is selected as representing a significant break with the preceding Pliocene Epoch. Candidates include the Gauss-Matuyama magnetopolarity boundary (~2.8 Ma; see Quaternary International, 1997); the initiation of widespread permafrost, a frigid Arctic Ocean, and rapid glaciation in the high northern latitudes (~2.4 Ma; Shackleton and Opdyke, 1977; Shackleton et al., 1984); or the African Olduvai paleomagnetic event between 1.87 and 1.67 Ma. The transition from hothouse to icehouse conditions was gradual, but the Pleistocene is typified at Vrica, Italy, as beginning at ~1.67 Ma (Aguirre and Pasini, 1985; Richmond and Fullerton, 1986; oxygen isotope stage 62), and that is the date used here. In the conterminous United States the Elk Creek till of Nebraska is 2.14 m.y. in age (Hallberg, 1986), and the onset of the full ice age is represented by the onset of repeated glaciations at ~850 Kya when glaciers extended down the Mississippi River Valley. Subsequently, glacial-interglacial conditions fluctuated until the latest retreat at ~11 Kya that began the Holocene or Recent Epoch. The chronology of ice age events began with the publication of Louis Agassiz’s (1840) Etudes surles Glaciers. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a single glacial advance was envisioned as blanketing the high latitudes. In the 1940s Willard E Libby at the University of Chicago perfected the technique of radiocarbon dating, and Flint and Rubin (1955) applied this methodology of “isotopic clocks” to establishing the absolute chronology of drift deposits from the eastern and midwestern United States. Their radiocarbon dates showed evidence of two or more times of continental-scale glaciations; older organic material was “radiocarbon inert” and beyond the ~40-Ky range of the technique. A standard chronology eventually became established for North America that included four major glacial stages (Nebraskan, oldest; Kansan; Illinoian; and Wisconsin) separated by four interglacials (Aftonian, oldest; Yarmouth, Sangamon, and the present Holocene).
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8

Whitson, Erin N. "Landscapes of Forgetting and the Materiality of Enslavement." In Archaeological Perspectives on the French in the New World. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054391.003.0005.

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Forgetfulness can be a violent act. In discussing Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, Walter Schroeder writes that “the French, Spanish, and Americans shied away from using the words esclave, esclavo, and slave except in official documents” (2002:12, n.11). Modern landscapes and historical narratives of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri similarly reflect a semi-purposeful “forgetfulness” on enslaved individuals within the region. This chapter provides a detailed case study of such an instance of “forgetfulness” on an ethnically French house lot in the Middle Mississippi River valley. A comparison between objects found to be associated with class, gender, and ethnicity from both the still-standing Janis house and a no-longer-standing outbuilding just behind the main house provided insight into both the decisions made by the French in the design of the property’s space and the materiality of Francophone slavery in the Illinois Country. This chapter ultimately addresses the materiality of enslavement within ethnically French communities in North America.
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9

Barker, Graeme. "Weed, Tuber, and Maize Farming in the Americas." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0012.

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The American continent extends over 12,000 kilometres from Alaska to Cape Horn, and encompasses an enormous variety of environments from arctic to tropical. For the purposes of this discussion, such a huge variety has to be simplified into a few major geographical units within the three regions of North, Central, and South America (Fig. 7.1). Large tracts of Alaska and modern Canada north of the 58th parallel consist of tundra, which extends further south down the eastern coast of Labrador. To the south, boreal coniferous forests stretch eastwards from Lake Winnipeg and the Red River past the Great Lakes to the Atlantic, and westwards from the slopes of the Rockies to the Pacific. The vast prairies in between extend southwards through the central United States between the Mississippi valley and the Rockies, becoming less forested and more open as aridity increases further south. South of the Great Lakes the Appalachian mountains dominate the eastern United States, making a temperate landscape of parallel ranges and fertile valleys, with sub-tropical environments developing in the south-east. The two together are commonly referred to as the ‘eastern Woodlands’ in the archaeological literature. On the Pacific side are more mountain ranges such as the Sierra Nevada, separated from the Rockies by arid basins including the infamous Death Valley. These drylands extend southwards into the northern part of Central America, to what is now northern Mexico, a region of pronounced winter and summer seasonality in temperature, with dryland geology and geomorphology and xerophytic vegetation. The highlands of Central America, from Mexico to Nicaragua, are cool tropical environments with mixed deciduous and coniferous forests. The latter develop into oak-laurel-myrtle rainforest further south in Costa Rica and Panama. The lowlands on either side sustain a variety of tropical vegetation adapted to high temperatures and frost-free climates, including rainforest, deciduous woodland, savannah, and scrub. South America can be divided into a number of major environmental zones (Pearsall, 1992). The first is the Pacific littoral, which changes dramatically from tropical forest in Colombia and Ecuador to desert from northern Peru to central Chile. This coastal plain is transected by rivers flowing from the Andes, and in places patches of seasonal vegetation (lomas) are able to survive in rainless desert sustained by sea fog.
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