Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indicateurs de pauvreté – Modèles mathématiques'
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Seck, Cheikh Tidiane. "Estimation non-paramétrique et convergence faible des mesures de pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825389.
Full textSall, Serigne Touba. "Approche par les données de panel dans la théorie asymptotique des indicateurs de pauvreté." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066286.
Full textAim of the thesis is to study the limit distributions of estimators that arise in the analysis of poverty, called poverty indices. We are especially concerned with the asymptotic theory of the time-dependent general poverty index (GPI), including all the usual indices in the literature. We settle uniform weak convergence of such statistics. As a first step, we consider the indices for a fixed time. Using extreme value theory and Hungarian approximations, we need asymptotic laws for the GPI, and entirely describe the asymptotic normality of this class. These results have natural applications to derive asymptotic confidence intervals for indices based on data collected within developing countries. However, we still need to handle longitudinal data, where the poverty situation is analysed over a continuous period of time. In this case, we are faced with longitudinal data, called panel data, and led to consider the time-dependent general poverty index. Based on weak convergence theory for empirical processes, developed by Vaart and Wellner (1995), we settle the uniform weak convergence of such statistics. We obtained uniform asymptotic laws of GPI. Our results yield tools to handle discrete and continuous longitudinal data. As application we used Senegalese data ESAM (enquete senegalaise aupres des ménages) available for two periods, 1996 and 2001. In this way, comparisons are made between different regions on a fixed moment in time or between the situations of the same region at different time instants
Wane, Waly. "Taxation optimale dans un contexte de pauvreté, fraude fiscale ou corruption." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10026.
Full textThis thesis tackles three important problems for the developing world, namely poverty, tax evasion and corruption. The thesis is organized around three distinct chapters. The first chapter introduces poverty concerns in a mirrleesian optimum income taxation framework. Poverty, measured by any given index, is considered as an aggregate negative externality. Individuals may have different degrees of aversion to poverty. The optimal non-linear income tax schedule displays interesting features as the negative marginal tax rates (at least) at the lower end of the distribution of incomes. The poor are therefore induced to work hard in order to reduce the burden supported by the rest of the society for poverty alleviation. Even with negative marginal tax rates it is still possible to restore the classical no distortion at the endpoints result. One must then no longer consider individual but social distortions. The second chapter introduces tax evasion by assuming that income is observable only through a costly audit. The study is done within the finite economy framework which allows correlated individuals' characteristics. It is possible to show that any first best allocation is implementable by using a generalized tax schedule a la piketty (1993) with a generalized audit strategy. However, only a subset of the first best pareto frontier is implementable by replacing the generalized tax schedule by a classical one. In contrast to the tax evasion literature, at the equilibrium, nobody is audited and everybody except the most able evades some amount. Finally, corruption is dealt with in the last chapter. The problem at hand is one of a tax agency which objective is to maximize tax revenue. The agency needs to hire inspectors in order to collect the citizens' tax liabilities. The inspectors have to exert a costly and unobservable effort to assess the true income of any citizen. This introduces a moral hazard problem. There is an adverse selection problem on top of that since inspectors are either honest or corruptible and this is private information. An optimal remuneration scheme can be such that no honest inspector is hired
Bertin, Alexandre. "Pauvreté monétaire, pauvreté non monétaire : une analyse des interactions appliquée à la Guinée." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00155364.
Full textBernard, Marie-Pier. "Les entrées et les sorties de la pauvreté au Québec et en Ontario : une analyse comparative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31583.
Full textKoulinsky, Audrey. "Convergence des inégalités de revenus individuels et diversité des systèmes nationaux de redistribution : une mise en cause du consensus transatlantique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24010.
Full textSavard, Luc. "Analyse de la pauvreté et distribution de revenus dans le cadre de la modélisation en équilibre général calculable." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0092.
Full textOver the last ten years, economists have proposed macro-micro modelling approaches to analyse the impact of economic policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. In this thesis, we propose an alternative general equilibrium approach that builds on the integrated multi-households and sequential micro simulation models. The approach is both flexible and rich and explicitly takes into account the feedback effects generated at the micro household level. A comparative analysis with the representative household approach revealed the importance of endogenizing the income distribution. The introduction of a flexible form for consumption has generated strong effects on poverty and inequality indices. Finally the non linear labour supply has shown the flexibility of the approach. Hence, the approach offers a rich and flexible alternative to researchers interested by impact analysis of macroeconomic reforms on poor households
Bernard-Michel, Caroline. "Indicateurs géostatistiques de la pollution dans les cours d’eau." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1367.
Full textIn order to assess river quality, different parameters such as nutrients concentrations are measured in different monitoring stations, setting up a very important but heterogeneous database. The French evaluation system of water quality recommends to summarize the information contained in these measurements by a few statistical indicators such as the annual mean of concentrations or the 90% quantile. They are estimated using the classical statistical inference based on hypothesis proved to be incorrect: time correlations and seasonal variations are ignored. Actually, in France, nitrate concentrations are generally higher in winter. Biases and confidence intervals can be reduced by kriging or segments of influence and a linear interpolation of the empirical quantile is proposed. Methods are analysed theoretically and experimentally on the Loire Bretagne basin. Estimating indicators along a stream network then requires specific models of random functions because usual covariance models are no longer valid on such structures. We propose a global model of random functions along a tree graph introducing the concept of “elementary thin streams”, defined by the whole set of paths between sources and outlet. At each point of the network, the river is considered to be the linear combination of these streams on which one dimensional stationary random functions are defined. An application to water discharge on the Moselle Basin (north-east of France) is presented
Lahet, Florence. "Caractérisation optique d'eaux côtières mediterraneennes : mesure, modélisation et inversion des réflectances. Application aux observations satellitales." Toulon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUL0012.
Full textThe determination of water quality parameters in coastal waters is tackled by experimental and algorithmic approaches. The experimental aspect includes measurements of attenuation coefficient and reflectance. The algorithmic method is based on a semi-analytic approach. A three-component reflectance model, that takes into account the contributions of dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton and mineral particles is inverted in order to estimate the chlorophyll a concentration, chl, the sediment refractive index, mr, and the absorption coefficient of disoived organic matter at 440 nm, ^(440), from experimental reflectance spectra and suspended sediments concentrations, C. The inversion procedure, based on the minimization of the quadratic difference between modelled and experimental reflectance values, is applied to experimental data collected in the Ebro River mouth area. It appears that chl values are not accurately retrieved using the proposed method and that mr and a, (440) values are realistic as compared to those previously published and little sensitive to chl variations. A colour classification of the study area waters is introduced in order to improve the precision of chl estimates. Each water class is associated with typical values of C, chl, m, and av(440) and correlations are established between the first derivative of reflectance and those four parameters. Associating an empiric method and a semi-analytic method allows the concurrent estimate of suspended sediment and chlorophyll a concentrations with variation coefficients lower than 50 %, The proposed method consists in estimating chl from empirical algorithms then C and av(440) are determined by inversion of the reflectance model parameterized from the mean value of mr typical of the water class considered and from the empirical value of chl. Finally, we examine the extension of our method of water quality parameters restitution by considering the reflectances sampled at the wavelengths of MERIS channels
Zogo, Ekassi Alphonse. "La problématique du développement rural et la dynamique paysanne dans le contexte de la libéralisation économique en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40048.
Full textToumia, Abderraouf. "L'impact des indicateurs macroéconomiques et microéconomiques sur les cours des actions : cas du marché financier tunisien de 1998-2007." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_toumia_a.pdf.
Full textFourty years after the introduction of the theory of the APT by Ross S. (1976, 1977), the issue relating to the determination of the influential factors on the variability of stocks returns remains relevant. The problem of the interaction (the disconnection) between the real sphere and the financial sphere fed the academic debate for a long time. It gave consequently to a theoretical and empirical literature economic extremely abundant explaining the behavior of the confirmed money markets. Our research seeks to determine which of macroeconomic and microeconomic variables have a significant relation with the evolution of the stock prices on an emergent market. We will try to see whether the economic agents are determined with regard to the information published by the company or with regard to the economic situation or both at the same time. Our empirical study is realized on the Tunis stock exchange for the period between 1997 and 2007 by using the events studies for the microeconomic variables. For macroeconomic indicators we will use cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to encircle dynamics of court and long term
Sanfo, Safiétou. "Politiques publiques agricoles et lutte contre la pauvreté au Burkina Faso : le cas de la région du Plateau central." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010023.
Full textPolus-Lefebvre, Edwige. "Apports croisés de la modélisation géostatistique et déterministe : exemple des nitrates et de l'oxygène dissous dans un réseau hydrographique." Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00563806.
Full textThe river water quality is characterized either from measurement networks with a few sites by edge or thanks to physics-based models that simulate physical processes approximately. This thesis explore the solutions that geostatistics offer to improve the estimation of concentrations along a river network based on measurements, and then to combine these measurements with the physics-based simulation. A variographic model valid on a tree was developed by C. Bernard-Michel (2006), but its inference was made impossible by the too small account of measurement sites. To remedy this lack of data, the idea consists in considering the physics-based model ProSe (Even et al, 1998, 2004, Flipo et al, 2004) as a replica of reality. For nitrates and dissolved oxygen, the ProSe model outputs are first compared to different measurement sets, revealing discordances. Upstream boundary conditions combining these different kinds of measurement are reconstituted by co-kriging, what improve the agreement between ProSe outputs and measurements. Besides, the joint modelling of variograms of Prose outputs and measurements turns out to be an efficient tool for diagnosing the physics-based model imperfections. Admitted as a replica of reality, the ProSe simulation is then used to test the hypotheses of the geostatistical modelling and to perform its inference. Different geostatistical models for the estimation of concentrations based on measurements are then compared. Finally a geostatistical estimation combining the ProSe simulation with measurements is carried out, with promising results
Tillier, Charles. "Processus et indicateurs de risque en assurance non-vie et sécurité alimentaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100192.
Full textRisk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results
Ndoye, Abdoul Aziz Junior. "Essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1125.
Full textThis dissertation consists of four essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurement. It provides a statistical analysis based on probabilistic models, finite mixture distributions and quantile regression models, all using aBayesian approach.Chapter 2 models income distribution using a mixture of lognormal densities. Using the analytical expression of inequality indices, it shows how a Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampler can lead to accurate inference on income inequality measurements even in small samples.Chapter 3 develops Bayesian inference for the unconditional quantile regression model based on the Re-centered Influence Function (RIF). It models the considered distribution by a mixture of lognormal densities and then provides conditional posterior densities for the quantile regression parameters. This approach is perceived to provide better estimates in the extreme quantiles in the presence of heavy tails as well as valid small sample confidence intervalsfor the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.Chapter 4 provides Bayesian inference for a mixture of two Pareto distributions which is then used to approximate the upper tail of a wage distribution. This mixture model is applied to the data from the CPS ORG to analyze the recent structure of top wages in the U.S. from 1992 through 2009. Findings are largely in accordance with the explanations combining the model of superstars and the model of tournaments in hierarchical organization structures. Chapter 5 makes use of the RIF-regression to measure both changes in the return to education across quantiles and rural urban inequality decomposition in consumption expenditure in Senegal
Kornprobst, Antoine. "Financial crisis forecasts and applications to systematic trading strategies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E067/document.
Full textThis thesis is constituted of three research papers and is articulated around the construction of financial crisis indicators, which produce signals, which are then applied to devise successful systematic trading strategies. The first paper deals with the establishment of a framework for the construction of our financial crisis indicators. Their predictive power is then demonstrated by using one of them to build an active protective-put strategy, which is able to beat in terms of performance a passive strategy as well as, most of the time, multiple paths of a random strategy. The second paper goes further in the application of our financial crisis indicators to the elaboration of systematic treading strategies by using the aggregated signal produce by many of our indicators to govern a portfolio constituted of a mix of cash and ETF shares, replicating an equity index like the SP500. Finally, in the third paper, we build financial crisis indicators by using a completely different approach. By studying the dynamics of the evolution of the distribution of the spreads of the components of a CDS index like the ITRAXX Europe 125, a Bollinger band is built around the empirical cumulative distribution function of the distribution of the spreads, fitted on a basis constituted of two lognormal distributions, which have been chosen beforehand. The crossing by the empirical cumulative distribution function of either the upper or lower boundary of this Bollinger band is then interpreted in terms of risk and enables us to construct a trading signal
Reungoat, Patrice. "L'évaluation de l'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique d'origine automobile dans le cadre d'études épidémiologiques : application à l'étude VESTA." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P646.
Full textAutomobile exhaust is a major source of air pollution in urban areas. For studying short and long term health effects of this traffic air pollution (TAP) epidemiologists have to determine precisely exposure to such pollution to avoid misclassification. In France, the ExTra index produced by the French Scientific Center for Building Physics (CSTB) and the French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research (INRETS), estimates ambient concentrations of transport-related pollutants in front of the work and living places of urban dwellers. These estimates, combined with time-activity diaries, enable individual exposure to these pollutants in front of these living places to be assessed. Two pollutant dispersion models are used to calculate the ExTra index : the Danish model OSPM (Operational Street Pollution Model) and the CALINE3 model (California Line Source Dispersion Model). Before being applied to large scale epidemiological studies such as the VESTA study (a French multicentric case-control study on asthma), the ExTra index needs to be validated. This research had two goals : 1) to validate the ExTra index, 2) to apply this index to the VESTA study (V Epidemiological Study on Transport and Asthma). The validation study of the ExTra index was performed in four of the French towns participating in the VESTA study. This validation was based on the comparison of nitrogen oxide concentrations (NOx) obtained by measurement against those obtained from calculations, using the ExTra index and the OSPM model. The model was tested at 100 street canyon sites. Then, we used the ExTra index to assess lifelong nitrogen oxides concentrations the 403 study children were exposed to in front of their living places. This assessment highlighted significant disparities : mean ExTra index values and share attributable to proximity traffic were respectively 70 ± 42 and 14 ± 22 æg. M -3 NOx equivalent NO2 for the 403 children. Beyond the validation of the ExTra index for NOx concentrations and the description of the VESTA children's TAP exposures, the results obtained by a discriminant analysis (with classification trees) gave us guidelines for the use of this index (rather than background pollution levels provided by the networks) according to the different residence and school characteristics of a subject throughout his (her) life. .
Morel, Nandrasana Pascal. "Amélioration des mesures de performance conditionnelles des fonds mutuels américains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67588.
Full textCasas, Stellio. "Modélisation de la bioaccumulation de métaux traces (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn)chez la moule, MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS, en milieu méditerranéen." Toulon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009551.
Full textMonitoring coastal contamination of trace metals using bivalve molluscs as quantitative bioindicators is widely used in many international monitoring programs. The bioaccumulation of metal within an organism results from the interaction between physiological (growth, loss of weight, absorption, accumulation), chemical (metal concentration, speciation) and environmental factors (temperature, SPM, chlorophyll). For this purpose, modeling metal dynamics in mussels is a reliable tool. A bioaccumulation model has been coupled with a growth model (Dynamic Energy Budget model) in order to consider the changing physiological conditions of the mussel and their impact on metal concentration in tissue. To build and calibrate it, in situ experiments to measure uptake and elimination kinetics (6 and 3 months) were conducted at three Mediterranean sites. By combining environmental and biological data, it constitutes an optimised biomonitoring tool which can be applied to various coastal environments
Domingues, Santos João Pedro. "Métabolisme socio-écologique des territoires d’élevage : une approche de comptabilité environnementale." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0026/document.
Full textThe development of the livestock sector in the past century undergone a strong intensification. The current heterogeneity of livestock areas in France may have arisen from a spatial differentiation of intensification process. Different degrees of disconnection between livestock and land have resulted in contrasted levels of performance and impacts across areas. To date, a lot of research effort has been directed at measuring environmental impacts and economic performance of livestock systems at the farm level. Insufficient attention has been paid to the three dimensions of sustainability and to trade-offs among them. Existing livestock heterogeneities across areas also deserve more research. An approach that enables connecting livestock to land and resources, at regional level, could bring novel insights on the role of livestock in use and transformation of resources. The goal of this PhD was to develop a holistic assessment of livestock areas using multimetric indicators encompassing positive and negative contributions. We compiled three databases at the department level: i) database 1 was related to socioeconomic, land use, and production characteristics of 88 French departments, within an extensive time frame (1938-2010); ii) database 2 included data on crop, fodder and livestock production for year 2010; iii) database 3 included measures of provision of cultural, environmental and social services for 60 departments. With the first database, we created a typology of intensification trajectories based on a multivariate approach. With the second database, we assessed the nitrogen metabolism of livestock areas, based on the material flows accounting (MFA) approach, from which we derived indicators of performance and impacts to study synergies and trade-offs. With the third database, we studied the influence of past intensification on the current provision of services by the livestock sector. A multivariate approach was used to assess how different rates of change in intensification variables determined contrasted levels of services. First, we showed that the intensification of the French livestock sector was spatially differentiated and based on four trajectories, ranging from extensive to intensive livestock areas, and from crop specialized to areas where livestock had a small share of national production. Livestock productivity and stocking rates had a 3 fold increase in intensive areas, whereas extensive areas had a 1.6 fold increase. Crop specialized areas lose more than half of their original fodder area, and tripled the average farm size and more than quadrupled their labor productivity. Non-dominated livestock areas lose 30% of initial livestock population, and half of their initial fodder area. Second, the study of synergies and trade-offs revealed that gains in efficiency and economies of scale, often compromised other dimensions, e.g. through increased environmental impacts. The spatial analysis of relationship between performance and impacts revealed two types of synergies linked to the type of impact, either land or product-based. Both of which were in trade-off. Third, we showed that the provision of services was spatially structured and based on three types of service bundles, determined by different rates of change in intensification variables. Changes towards grazing systems resulted in higher provision of environmental and cultural services, whereas changes towards intensive systems resulted in higher levels of social services; but this was achieved at the cost of environmental services. This PhD thesis furthered the understanding on the temporal trajectories of livestock sector across areas in France. This knowledge could help to improve livestock sustainability. Our work provided knowledge on the drivers that shaped current intensification patterns and the provision of cultural, environmental and social services. It could be used to examine options for desirable longterm changes of the livestock sector
Aguilar, Ibarra Alonso. "Les peuplements de poissons comme outil pour la gestion de la qualité environnementale du réseau hydrographique de la Garonne." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7394/1/aguilar.pdf.
Full textWerner, Stéphane. "Optimisation des cadastres d'émissions: estimation des incertitudes, détermination des facteurs d'émissions du "black carbon" issus du trafic routier et estimation de l'influence de l'incertitude des cadastres d'émissions sur la modélisation : application aux cadastres Escompte et Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/WERNER_Stephane_2009.pdf.
Full textEmissions inventories have a fundamental role in controlling air pollution, both directly by identifying emissions, and as input data for air pollution models. The main objective of this PhD study is to optimize existing emissions inventories, including one from the program ESCOMPTE « Experiments on Site to Constrain Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions ». For that emissions inventory, two separate issues were developed: one designed to better assess the emissions uncertainties and the second to insert a new compound of interest in this inventory: Black Carbon (BC). Within the first issue, an additional study was conducted on the Nord-Pas-de-Calais emissions inventory to test the methodology of uncertainties calculation. The emissions uncertainties calculated were used to assess their influence on air quality modeling (model CHIMERE). The second part of the research study was dedicated to complement the existing inventory of carbon particulate emissions from road traffic sector by introducing an additional class of compounds: the BC. The BC is the raw carbonaceous atmospheric particles absorbing light. Its main source is the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels and compounds. It can be regarded as a key atmospheric compound given its impact on climate and on health because of its chemical reactivity
Zue, Obame Yannick Clair. "La construction d’un indice actionnarial de bonne gouvernance des sociétés cotées : une comparaison des sociétés européennes et nord-américaines : 1988-2009." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40002.
Full textThis dissertation, focusing on a prominent problem of modern finance theory — effectiveness of corporate governance — leads to the building of a corporate governance- based stock index, which can be very useful to the academic and business community. Thanks to a state of the art of governance problems around the world (chapter 1), a simple pattern of agents interactions is build and helps to design an ad hoc index (chapter 2). An international investment strategy based on this speci?c index provides consistent returns for the investor (chapter 3), as well in long run horizon as in turbulent time (chapter 4)
Verrier, Brunilde. "Stratégie Lean and Green : roadmap d'analyse et de déploiement d'une politique de management alliant amélioration continue et développement durable en entreprise industrielle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD017/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the association of industrial and environmental performances with a continuous improvement approach oriented toward sustainable development, and particularly seeks for the identification and elimination of Lean and Green “wastes” in manufacturing processes. The major issue lies in the deployment of L&G tools within manufacturing firms with various processes and cultural characteristics. Based upon a thorough state of the art and industrial surveys on best practices, the research includes several assessments and observations on manufacturing sites. The development of an adaptable roadmap of deployment highlighting social concerns through the involvement of employees in improvements is therefore completed with a selection model of environmental indicators, a “L&G House” and a maturity model for the strategy’s implementation
Tormos, Thierry. "Analyse à l'échelle régionale de l'impact de l'occupation du sol dans les corridors rivulaires sur l'état écologique des cours d'eau." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00560368.
Full textGoeury, Cédric. "Modélisation du transport des nappes d'hydrocarbures en zone continentale et estuarienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1131/document.
Full textThe application of the European Water Framework Directive on water quality for human consumption and industrial activities creates a need for water quality assessment and monitoring systems. The MIGR'HYCAR research project (http://www.migrhycar.com) was initiated to provide decisional tools for risks connected to oil spills in continental waters (rivers, lakes and estuaries), which represent more than 50% of accidental spills in France. Within the framework of this project, a new numerical oil spill model has been developed, as part of the Telemac hydro-informatics system (see: (http://www.opentelemac.org), by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the free surface. The oil spill model enables to simulate the main processes driving oil plumes: advection, diffusion, oil beaching, oil re-floating, evaporation, dissolution, spreading and volatilization. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. To model dissolved oil in water, an Eulerian advection-diffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive tracer. This approach is able to follow dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterise the numerous kinetics of the processes listed above. In addition, meso-scale dynamic experiments in artificial channels and test cases derived from the literature are used to validate the numerical model
Filleau, Clément. "Mise en place d'une méthodologie de modélisation en vue du diagnostic des défauts électriques des alternateurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19288/1/Filleau.pdf.
Full textSarazin, Marianne. "Elaboration d'un score de vieillissement : propositions théoriques." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994941.
Full textImbaud, Claire. "Influence des technologies de santé dans les parcours de soins des personnes âgées : quel plateau médico-technique ? : éléments de réponse par l’analyse des données de santé." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2380/document.
Full textThis work questions the answer to be given in terms of organization of the health technical offer and its fair distribution in the territories especially for the elderly patients with multimorbidities. It is based on the assumption that there is space for a concept of small multi-disciplinary outpatient health facilities, with a small health-technical platform, which would help to streamline and optimize care pathways. The method consisted on the one hand to study in Germany smaller community interdisciplinary health care center (the MVZ) in operation for a longer time than the the French multidisciplinary médical care centers. And on the other hand it analyzed the national heath data to reveal both the existence of comorbidités related groups and homogeneous care pathways related groups. The results are positive, both in network science analysis and in the automation of representations of complex care pathways. They made it possible to create representative patterns of groups, to characterize the consumption of care, in terms of medical devices and human resources, to quantify the cumulative distances traveled and the costs accumulated by patients according to their place of residence and the health institutions to which they are sent. We get addition elements for the definition and labeling of small community health centers, satellite of larger hospitals. This work represents a particularly useful step, both conceptual and practical, for complex health data studies of elderly