Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indicators; Bioindicators'
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Turnbull, David Andrew. "The water quality of the Ouseburn : a part urban, part rural catchment." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241516.
Full textMiniutti, Danielle M. "Bioindicators of Desorbed Contaminants Following Resuspension of Penobscot River Sediments." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MiniuttiDM2007.pdf.
Full textGill, Margaret Elizabeth. "Estuarine fish and their health, as indicators of anthropogenic change." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388651.
Full textSummers, Jay W. "Feathers as bioindicators of PCB exposure in clapper rails /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131565121.pdf.
Full textSchneider, Andrea. "Polygon ponds and their ostracode assemblages as bioindicators in the Indigirka Lowland (north-east Siberia)." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94118.
Full textPOLYGON - Polygons in tundra wetlands: state and dynamics under climate variability in polar regions
Cotín, Martínez Javier. "Birds as Bioindicators of Pollution in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101099.
Full textEn este estudio las aves serán utilizadas como bioindicadoras de contaminación por metales pesados en dos escenarios diferentes: el primero en un ambiente acuático, la cuenca del rio Ebro, mientras que el segundo tiene lugar en un ambiente terrestre, los Andes bolivianos. En el primer caso la fuente de contaminación es una fábrica localizada cerca de Flix, que produjo cientos de toneladas de lodos tóxicos. Así evaluamos si aves acuáticas como la Garza imperial reflejan la exposición potencial a los contaminantes de Flix entre zonas fluviales y deltaicas, comprobando su utilidad como bioindicadoras, y también examinamos si dichos residuos afectan a la contaminación de los hábitats donde la avifauna del Delta del Ebro se alimenta. Como resultados los isótopos estables mostraron la alta nitrificación y signaturas más bajas de carbono en el río y observamos que el Charrán común y patinegro actúan como especialistas en el Delta, mientras que Charrancito, Garceta común, Garza Imperial, Martinete y Gallineta de agua son generalistas, presentando amplios nichos tróficos. El mercurio en volantones de Garza Imperial en Flix y huevos de Gaviota de Audouin, Charrancito y Charrán común “Banya” en el Delta presentan valores alarmantes. El arsénico discrimina claramente entre especies marinas y dulceacuícolas. Ambos huevos y plumas son bioindicadores adecuados de contaminación, pero las plumas presentan más ventajas. El segundo estudio tiene lugar en los Andes Bolivianos, donde la actividad minera ha dado lugar a la acumulación de residuos. Evaluamos el potencial de las especies de Tinamúes como bioindicadoras de la exposición a dicha contaminación, incluyendo las diferentes vías de acumulación de plomo en las especies bioindicadoras. Como resultados, los pequeños territorios detectados y hábitos sedentarios hacen del Tinamú Pisacca un bioindicador adecuado de la contaminación local. Se recomienda el uso de plumas al son una muestra no invasiva. El mayor daño histopatológico se encontraron en muestras de riñón de las zonas contaminadas. La contaminación minera ha quedado de manifiesto con los altos niveles detectados en las dos especies estudiadas de Tinamú. El cálamo es la sección más adecuada para la evaluación de los niveles originales endógenos de plomo.
Belyanovskaya, Alexandra. "Composition élémentaire de mammifères dans les zones naturelles et anthropiques et et impacts potentiels avec la méthode USEtox." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0049.
Full textThe geochemical heterogeneity of the biosphere, due to different natural and anthropogenic conditions, is changing significantly as a result of the development of man and society. Modern geo-ecological studies of different territories prove the fact of close connections of living organisms with the environment. However, little attention is paid to the complex approach, for example with the use of the model of impact assessment on living organisms. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, is allowed the magnitude and significance of the impact on the environment and the human organism to be monitored. The characteristic coefficient (CF) - is a tabular value, proposed by the model, depending on the region's location. In this thesis, however, it is proposed to modify this coefficient by introducing the results of biogeochemical analysis of territories with different ecological situations, in order to rank them more precisely. It is this modification, which determines the relevance of the study. The PhD thesis is purposed to assess the geo-ecological state of local areas of Russia and Kazakhstan with the use of indicators of the elemental compositions of organs and tissues of mammals, and a ranking of the toxicity of individual elements using the USEtox model. The modification method of the USEtox impact assessment model, using the results of the chemical analysis, can be used as a local supplement in the assessment of toxic effects on the population
Naigaga, Irene. "Use of bioindicators and biomarkers to assess aquatic environmental contamination in selected urban wetlands in Uganda." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002603.
Full textStauffer, Marie. "Impact des taillis à très courte rotation de saules sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des sols et définition d'indicateurs de qualité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0030/document.
Full textShort Rotation Coppices (SRC) are a crop system intended to produce energy wood chips. This thesis aimed at assessing the impact of SRC on soil functioning and proposing quality indicators. Five samplings were performed in spring and autumn between 2010 and 2012 on plots including four couples of SRC and grassland, an alluvial forest and an agrosystem, in the Aisne valley. The following parameters were monitored: organic matter, total carbon, cation capacity exchange, available phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen basal respiration, earthworm biomass, density and diversity, fungal and bacterial density and diversity, enzymatic activity, physical and chemical organic matter characterisations. 6 years after conversion to SRC, earthworm and fungal density, basal respiration and laccase activity were higher in SRC soil compared to conventional agrosystem. These changes can be linked to qualitative and quantitative organic matter evolutions (increase of the C/N ratio and decrease of hydrogen index). Nitrogen and phosphorus seemed to be limiting factors for SRC crop yields. However, soil nutrient return and the good turnover of organic matter can buffer strong exportations. The measured parameters led to indicator definition and proposition of three indices: fertility, biological activity, density and diversity of biological communities. Principal response curves confirmed the positive effect of SRC on soil quality as observed with synthetic indices calculation
Kermarrec, Lénaïg. "Apport des outils de la biologie moléculaire pour l'utilisation des diatomées comme bioindicateurs de la qualité des écosystèmes aquatiques lotiques et pour l'étude de leur taxonomie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENA010.
Full textThe European Water Framework Directive requires assessing the river quality using chemical and biological indicators among which are diatoms. Indices based on taxonomic composition and relative abundance of diatom taxa are robust. However, thousands of diatom samples are analyzed every year while microscopic identification is difficult due to taxonomic uncertainties, and requires time and expertise. Thus, it is still possible to improve the routine monitoring of water quality. The molecular biology techniques are accurate tools to identify microorganisms and could be used to enhance diatom identification. The objectives of this thesis were therefore to improve our knowledge on the freshwater diatom taxonomy by molecular methods and to progress in the development of a molecular tool in order to identify diatoms in natural samples, thus improving bioindication tools. The taxonomic study of several groups of diatoms was achieved by combining morphological and molecular approaches. Our results showed the capacity of DNA sequences to discriminate diatom taxa and revealed their phylogenetic relationships. The use of DNA sequences showed that the morphological criteria used to identify diatoms do not correspond systematically to their phylogenetic relationships. The use of different markers allowed discrimination at different taxonomic levels. Our results also revealed the importance of combining complementary approaches, morphological and molecular, to improve our understanding of the relationships between different diatom taxa and thus stabilize their taxonomy. As DNA sequences allowed discrimination of diatom taxa, we tested a molecular tool of high throughput sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, in order to identify the diatom composition of communities. We assembled reference libraries of sequences linked to taxonomic identification and we contributed to the development of bioinformatic tools required to analyze data from pyrosequencing. Finally, we tested these tools to establish taxonomic inventories of diatoms in artificial communities (mixtures of strains) and environmental communities (freshwater biofilm samples). The studies showed the potential of 454 pyrosequencing to accurately analyze diatom communities. The comparison of different nucleic markers revealed that the rbcL marker was the most suitable to identify diatoms using pyrosequencing. Indeed, taking into account reference libraries, reproducibility and bias of the method, and the resolving power of marker, the use of rbcL allowed the best estimation of the diatom composition in complex samples. Improvements will be necessary to use molecular tools in order to assess water quality using diatoms. However our studies lead the way for future experiments in order to achieve a monitoring of water quality based on molecular inventories of diatom taxa
Rivaux, Emmanuel. "Les lichens : généralités, rôle comme bioindicateurs de la pollution." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P039.
Full textQuemeneur, Marianne Leyval Corinne Jauzein Michel. "Les processus biogéochimiques impliqués dans la mobilité de l'arsenic recherche de bioindicateurs /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0088_QUEMENEUR.pdf.
Full textPascaud, Alice. "Bioindicateurs microbiens et biosurveillance des agrosystèmes : cas des sols viticoles." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21491.
Full textShotwell, Matthew Stephen. "Fluctuating Asymmetry and Its Relationship to Established Indicators of Environmental Stress." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2182.
Full textGuillot, Héloïse. "L’herpetofaune, sentinelle de l’accumulation et des effets des contaminants environnementaux ?" Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS024/document.
Full textThe development of industrial and agricultural activities over the last century has resulted in the release of chemicals into the environment, which contaminate ecosystems and can accumulate in plants, sediments and across food webs. As such, it is essential to conduct an assessment of the ecological risk associated with the presence of these compounds in natural environments. Achieving this can be aided through the study of sentinel species, which can be used to determine exposure rates of individuals and assess how these subsequently impact wildlife. Amphibians and reptiles display ecological and biological characteristics that may make them particularly attractive as sentinel species. The collection of studies presented in this thesis aims to determine the availability of contaminants in the environment and estimate the effects of this on individual traits of living organisms. Across several species of reptiles and amphibians we, (i) measured levels of pollutants accumulated in the tissues of several reptile species ; (ii) assessed how contaminated habitats impact the morphology of adult common toads (Bufo bufo) ; and (iii) experimentally measured the influence of a molecule frequently detected in the environment on common toad tadpoles’ growth. Results show that reptiles efficiently accumulate organic pollutants and metal trace elements in their tissues, and thereby allow efficient evaluation of the global contamination of an area, as well as the occurrence of localized pollution events. In addition, our work shows an influence of the agricultural habitat on the morphology of adult common toads, which is potentially a consequence of the presence of chemicals in these environments. Finally, we were able to demonstrate an effect of low concentrations of AMPA, the main metabolite of glyphosate, on the development of common toad tadpoles. Amphibians are therefore efficient organisms to study the impact of environmental contamination on individual characteristics. Our work shows the usefulness of certain species of reptiles and amphibians as sentinel species for the presence of contaminants in the environment, and their potential impact on organisms. Ecotoxicological studies on these organisms remain too scarce, and it is imperative to develop research in this field, to participate effectively in the assessment of environmental risk
Ramirez, Alexa. "Patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL : sediments, foraminiferal distributions and a comparison of three biotic indicators of reef health." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002518.
Full textPihan, François Gomot Lucien. "Caractérisation de mollusques gastéropodes terrestres en tant que bioindicateurs de la contamination polymétallique (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Pihan.Francois.SMZ0139.pdf.
Full textJandry, Joëlle. "Proposition d'indicateurs de la qualité du milieu pour la préservation et la réintroduction d'Austropotamobius pallipes : éphémères et matière organique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2315/document.
Full textWhite-clawed crayfish (Austopotamobius pallipes) is a sentinel organism in French rivers. Its decline follows the progressive degradation of the masses of water surfaces. Restocking programs for the conservation of this species take place in the frame of ecological restoring and monitoring of good environment quality. For their success, it is necessary to evaluate the potential of a site to be repopulated. In this sense, the present work proposes the use of Ephemeroptera (Leptophlebiidae) and Organic Matter as indicators. This study was conducted in headwater streams of the Deux-Sèvres region (France), which are suitable sites for A. pallipes. The presence of certain species of mayflies is correlated with the presence of this white-clawed crayfish. This biological indicator had proven its efficiency under a succeeded restocking campaign. The fluorescence properties of the Organic Matter express the functionning of the sites and by expansion their quality. A statistical model built on these properties also allows to predict the probability of a site for the presence or absence of A. pallipes. Two indicators proposed in this work have shown their potential toserve as a tool for the reintroduction of this species
Signoret, Jonathan Müller Serge. "Etude de la qualité de l'air en Lorraine-Nord par les lichens contribution en tant que bioindicateurs écologiques, bioaccumulateurs d'éléments chimiques et biomarqueurs du stress oxydant /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2002/Signoret.Jonathan.SMZ0213.pdf.
Full textQuemeneur, Marianne. "Les processus biogéochimiques impliqués dans la mobilité de l’arsenic : recherche de bioindicateurs." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10088/document.
Full textBacteria can play a major role in the environmental mobility of arsenic (As). The aim of this study was to identify key bacterial players involved in the biotransformation of As and to use them as bioindicators or predictive tools of As behaviour in polluted sites. Novel molecular tools were developed based on the aoxB gene which encodes the catalytic subunit of AsIII-oxidase, and validated for use in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the AsIII-oxidizing bacterial community. The aoxB gene was exclusively detected in all tested AsIII-oxidizing bacteria and AoxB and 16S rRNA gene phylogenies were broadly coherent, demonstrating the usefulness of the aoxB gene as a powerful functional marker. The application of DGGE and real-time PCR on aoxB genes allowed the rapid and sensitive evaluation of changes in the AsIII-oxidizing community as a function of As speciation and pollution level in surface and groundwaters. AsIII-oxidizers and AsV-reducers were found to coexist in tested soils. The crucial role of indirectly As-mobilizing bacteria was also revealed. Indigenous microflorae affected the speciation and mobility of As inherent within the environmental matrix and/or adsorbed on iron oxy-hydroxydes, according to redox conditions. The relevance of the use of aoxB and arrA genes, as functional markers of AsIII-oxidizers and AsV-reducers, respectively, to evaluate potential As transformation was demonstrated. The detection of these bacterial communities using molecular tools was shown to have great promise in the prediction of As mobility in the environment
Pihan, François. "Caractérisation de mollusques gastéropodes terrestres en tant que bioindicateurs de la contamination polymétallique (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb)." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Pihan.Francois.SMZ0139.pdf.
Full textThe evaluation of the level of the polymetallic contamination in ground ecosystem requires the choice of relevant bioindicator organisms. This study confirms the bioindicative capacity of ground gastropods. Helix aspersa aspersa and Cepaea nemoralis present capacities of equivalent level. A grid of evaluation of the polymetallic contamination with 4 or 5 classes for 8 metals was proposed. The use of Helix pomatia wil require later researches with establishment of a specific grid. Helix aspersa aspersa choice in active biosurvey is justified by the possibility of obtaining a controlled farming by the individuals exempt from metal contamination after improvement of the food. The study of the levels of bioaccumulation reached for 8 metals, in varied conditions (farming animals, autochtonous or transfered animals), on not contamined or contamined sites (motorway, urban traffic, old coppermine, THC, electric steelworks), allowed to validate the grid of evaluation of the level of contamination by keeping 4 classes for Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni and 5 classes for Fe, Zn, Cr et Pb. For the lead, the distinction between the lead of pedogeological origin and the lead resulting from anthropogenic activities cand be realized by the study of the pole "petrol-trafic", the pole "industry" and the "wild" pole. An ultrastructural and microanalytical study of the nephrocyte put in evidence the existence of an original wavy ergastoplasm and that of a production of concretions mainly constituted by amorphous silica. The biomineralization on base of calcium (pyrophosphates) was verified as well as its role of trap. This biomineralization represents an important way of decontamination of the organism, but also likely for the ecosystem
Lemesle, Stéphanie. "Bioindicateurs du milieu marin : utilisation des macroalgues comme outil d’évaluation de la qualité biologique des eaux marines : réponse à une problématique d’échouages d’algues." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2028.
Full textTo limit and prevent the degradation of the coastal ecosystems, it is necessary to develop tools for monitoring the quality of marine environment. The potential of seaweeds for coastal water quality bioindication was evaluated in the context of seaweed beachings in Grandcamp-Maisy and Courseulles-sur-Mer (Calvados). These summer season accumulations are heterogenous in quantity and quality (a mixture of Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta species) and are originated from large rocky shores highly colonized. However, the algal biodiversity of these rocky plateaus was relatively poor due to the low bathymetry and to the wide sandy beaches. The assessment of the state of algal communities with the REBENT indicator « intertidal macroalgae » revealed a “Medium” quality of coastal waters largely due to the specificity of Calvados shores. An evaluation of coastal water quality protocol more suitable named QUEROSA, was also developed. An in situ fine-scale survey of biological parameters (δ15N, nitrogen content, δ13C) of six seaweeds species was conducted on the two stranding sites in 2012 and 2013. In contrast to oceanic (Chausey archipelago) and highly anthropized (Seine estuary) reference points, a similar temporal dynamics of δ15N signatures has been highlighted at the two study sites with low δ15N in spring suggesting inputs of agricultural nitrogen and high δ15N in late summer linked to inputs of regenerated nitrogen from decomposition of seaweed beachings. The comparison of in situ δ15N of different seaweeds species coupled with an in vitro study have shown the relevance of using each algal species as bioindicator of nitrogen pollution
Charvet, Stéphane. "Intégration des acquis théoriques récents dans le diagnostic de la qualité écologique des cours d'eau à l'aide des bioindicateurs invertébrés." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10069.
Full textCarravieri, Alice. "Seabirds as bioindicators of Southern Ocean ecosystems : concentrations of inorganic and organic contaminants, ecological explanation and critical evaluation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS026/document.
Full textAntarctic and subantarctic marine environments are reached by inorganic and organic contaminants through ocean circulation and atmospheric transport. Yet, environmental contamination is poorly known in the Southern Ocean, in particular in the Indian sector. Among environmental contaminants, mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are primarily of concern, because they are toxic, highly mobile, and they bioaccumulate in the tissues of living organisms and biomagnify up the food web. Seabirds, as upper predators, are exposed to large quantities of contaminants via food intake and have widely served as biomonitors of marine contamination, notably through the non-destructive sampling of their feathers and blood. My doctoral work has focussed on the abundant and diverse seabird species (more than 40) breeding in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, southern Indian Ocean, in order to describe and explain contaminant concentrations over a large latitudinal gradient, from Antarctica to the subtropics, and to identify the best bioindicator species for contaminant biomonitoring. In a first methodological step, seabirds with synchronous moult of body feathers (adult penguins and chicks of all species) were recognised as good candidates as bioindicators, because, unlike most adult birds, they present low within-individual variation in feather contaminant concentrations. In a second explanatory step, the influence of intrinsic (individual traits) and extrinsic factors (feeding ecology inferred from the stable isotope method) driving variation in contaminant concentrations was evaluated in feathers of the large avian community of the Kerguelen Islands (27 species) and in blood of wandering albatrosses from the Crozet Islands (180 birds of known individual traits). Feeding ecology was the main factor driving variation in contaminant concentrations of blood and feathers, both at the community, population and individual levels, whereas age, sex, phylogeny and breeding status played a minor role. Age-class was however an important intrinsic factor to consider, with chicks usually having lower concentrations than adults. In a third step, spatio-temporal patterns of contamination were studied through selected bioindicator species and by taking into account their feeding habits. Results from different species (oceanic seabirds) and populations (skua chicks) showed that, contrary to predictions, Hg exposure gradually increases from Antarctic to subantarctic and subtropical waters, whereas, in accordance with the global distillation theory, POPs exposure has the opposite pattern. Comparisons between penguin feathers from museum collections and contemporary samples showed that bird exposure to Hg is overall not different today when compared to 50-70 years ago, but subantarctic species are possibly experiencing an increasing trend. Future research efforts should be focussed on the use of feathers as biomonitoring tools, in particular for POPs determination. The best recommended bioindicator species include the emperor penguin and snow petrel (Antarctic), king penguin, blue petrel and black-browed albatross (subantarctic), and northern rockhopper penguin and Indian yellow-nosed albatross (subtropical). Future biomonitoring studies on these species will give invaluable insights into the poorly-known temporal trends of environmental contamination in the Southern Ocean
Signoret, Jonathan. "Etude de la qualité de l'air en Lorraine-Nord par les lichens : contribution en tant que bioindicateurs écologiques, bioaccumulateurs d'éléments chimiques et biomarqueurs du stress oxydant." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Signoret.Jonathan.SMZ0213.pdf.
Full textMitiku, Addisu Asefa. "Afromontane avian assemblages and land use in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia : patterns, processes and conservation implications." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79782.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
DST/NRF Centre of Excellence
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
Bourgeois, Emilie. "Contribution au développement de bioindicateurs microbiens pour l'évaluation de l'impact de pratiques agricoles sur les sols." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS063/document.
Full textSoil is the support of agricultural production. It performs many functions essential to the provision of ecosystem services necessary for the well-being of our societies. Soil physicochemical and biological properties have been altered by the development of intensive agriculture while it is a non-renewable resource, revealing the need to develop new management practices suitable for the sustainability of soil quality. This also marked the entry into the “Agroecology” era, which promotes the development of new agricultural systems optimizing services provided by biodiversity to reduce the use of inputs and energy use. To achieve this aim, the development of a range of indicators to assess the impact of agricultural practices on the biological quality of the soil is essential. This thesis, which aims to contribute to the development of microbial bio-indicators of soil quality, is a part of this agroecological context. The choice to work on microbial communities is fully justified because they are (i) present with a high abundance and diversity in all environments, (ii) heavily involved in biological functioning and the soil ecosystem services, (iii) they respond very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions in terms of biomass, diversity and activity. They therefore have significant potential in terms of bio-indicators of development. This work has focused specifically on the evaluation of two complementary bioindicators: (i) the microbial molecular biomass and (ii) the microbial taxonomic diversity. In a first part we tested the robustness of these two bioindicators by assessing the biases associated with each of the procedure technical steps used for their measurement. We then used these bioindicators in different agricultural contexts to assess their sensitivity. A first work has followed the rehabilitation of microbial patrimony of a polluted soil irrigated for a hundred years by sewage, by implanting a bioenergy crop. A second application has focused on the impact of different agricultural practices on microbial communities depending on the intensity of tillage (tillage vs. reduced tillage), management of crop residues (export vs. restitution), and the crop type (annual vs. perennial). Results highlighted that microbial molecular biomass and microbial taxonomic diversity achieved by high throughput sequencing are both robust and sensitive bioindicators to describe the microbiological quality of agricultural soils in very different contexts. Both bioindicators allow evidencing soil disturbances but also the positive impact of innovative practices. They may therefore represent powerful tools for the assessment of agricultural systems, helping to improve their long term management, allowing a sustainable use of resources provided by soils
Chevremont, Anne-Celine. "Optimisation multivariée d’un traitement des eaux usées par DEL-UV en vue d’une réutilisation pour l’irrigation Multivariate optimization of fecal bioindicator inactivation by coupling UV-A and UV-C LEDs Effect of coupled UV-A and UV-C LEDs on both microbiological and chemical pollution of urban wastewaters Impact of watering with UV-LED-treated wastewater on microbial and physico-chemical parameters of soil Fate of carbamazepine and anthracene in soils watered with UV-LED treated wastewaters." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4735.
Full textThe development of new technologies for wastewater reuse is a priority for arid and semi-arid areas such as Mediterranean countries. The objective of this work was, firstly, to develop a system for tertiary treatment of wastewaters testing LEDs emitting UV-A and / or UV-C (UV LEDs) on fecal indicator inactivation (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and then on urban effluents, by studying the decrease in both microbial and chemical pollution. This first step has highlighted a higher efficiency of this system when UV UV-A and UV-C are coupled. Wasterwaters with quality meeting the statutory requirements for the reuse of wastewater for irrigation were obtained and used in the second part of this work was to study the impact of watering with UV-LED- treated wastewaters on soil parameters and on the fate of pollutants (anthracene and carbamazepine) in soils. Watering with UV-LED treated wastewater does not change the chemical composition of soil organic matter, the global catabolic activity of soil microorganisms, and the number and diversity of fecal indicators compared to control (irrigation water). Certain enzymatic activities related to the degradation of organic matter increased in soil watered with UV-LED treated wastewater, showing that the organic matter added by the effluent is actively degraded by microorganisms. In addition, aromatic pollutants are oxidized two to three times faster in soils watered with UV-LED treated wastewater
Gassiole, Gilles. "Diatomées épilithiques des cours d’eau pérennes de l’île de la Réunion : taxinomie - écologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0024/document.
Full textThe volcanic Réunion Island is situated in the southwest Indian Ocean, 800 km to the east of Madagascar; it belongs to the Mascarene archipelago with Mauritius and Rodrigues. This territory is a French oversea department and therefore follows EU laws rivers water quality. The water chemistry is not enough to monitor the quality of water and bioindicators can complete the diagnosis. In this thesis, diatoms have been choosen to assess the quality of the running waters. The diatoms of Réunion Island are only known through scarce articles with bthe description of new species. During four years, six sampling campaigns were conducted on the perennial rivers. The gain of this work is the knowledge of the epilithic diatom flora of Réunion Island perennial rivers and therefore the biodiversity of these environments. Moreover, the study of the diatom ecology by statistics, like Multivariable regression trees (MRT), IndVal and these extensions, Weighted Average (WA) allows acquire knowledge about their community ecology, their autoecology and accordingly on the quality of the river water. The results included in this thesis as well as the work done in collaboration with Irstea, led to a new index method, the Diatomic Index Réunion or IDR, to assess the ecological quality of rivers
Elie, François. "Effet d'un prélèvement de biomasse ligneuse accru et d'une compensation minérale par apport de cendres sur la biodiversité des sols forestiers." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR040/document.
Full textIn the current contextof energetic transition, public policies commit to reduce fossil fuel consumption and develop renewable energies in order to reduce CO2 emission. Woody biomass can be one of the solutions in order to increase the share of renewable energu ressources in energetic mix. In order to increase woody biomass production, an export of logging residues (under 7 cm of diameter) is investigated. Furthermore, in order to offset th export of organic matter with logging residue, mineral compensation by wood ash application is investigated. Nevertheless, the effect of such management practices on temperate forest ecosystem were understudied. The aims of this thesis were to study the impact of logging residues management intensity and wood ash offset on soil biota and to investigate potential bioindicators of disturbance led by these practices. First, the study on macrofauna and mesofauna at various scales (regional then northen French) highlited the importance of tree species (oak or beech) the response of soil biota to logging residue export. Furthermore, this first part showed a strong negative impact on the whole soil community when logging residues and litter were exported and wood ash application did not compensate the impacts of logging residues export on macro and mesofauna. Second, a mesocosm study with a cross-gradient of logging residue and wood ash input highlighted the importance of mineral fertility in the response of soil-plant interface. In neutral soil, logging residue export or wood ash application did not impact soil-plant interface, conversely to acidic soil. Furthermore, in acidic soil, a strong structural disturbance of microfloral assemblage was showed when logging residue and wood ash were added together. Third, this thesis highlighted Litobiomorpha and Geophilomorpha orders as potential sources of bioindicators of disturbance of trophic networks in logging residue export and wood ash offset context of forest management practices
Cellamare, Maria. "Évaluation de l’état écologique des plans d’eau aquitains à partir des communautés de producteurs primaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13920/document.
Full textDue to their important ability to respond to environmental changes, primary producers have been used for a long time as biological indicators of water quality. The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) recommends the use of the phytoplankton, phytobenthos (diatoms) and macrophytes in the ecological status assessment of lakes. In this study, these three compartments have been used to determine the ecological status of five lakes located in the Aquitaine region (southwest of France) with different trophic status. The results showed that within lakes, the floristic composition in most of the systems strongly depends on physical parameters whereas among lakes it depends on the trophic status. The phytoplankton proved to be the most powerful indicator of quality in open-water areas as well as in systems where submerged macrophytes are absent. However, in the humic lakes, the phytoplankton assemblages seem to respond more to turbidity and mixing than to nutrient load. Under such conditions, water quality could be underestimated and the complementary use of phytobenthos and macrophytes appears more appropriated. In conclusion, considering the three biological elements, the present study allows a complementary approach of the ecological status of the lakes. Some of the methods applied here represent a potential tool for the assessment of the ecological status in the context of WFD, but they need to be refined to assess more properly the ecological status of French lakes. A special attention was paid to exotic taxa observed in these temperate lakes, and this aspect must be taken into account in the ecological assessment. Indeed, these species favoured by the consequences of the climate change, can modify the structure and functioning of the aquatic ecosystems, and lead to a loss of diversity
Makwela, Maria Mammolawa. "Biodiversity of predatory beetle groups, carabidae and coccinellidae and their role as bioindicators in wheat agroecosystems." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26902.
Full textAgriculture and Animal Health
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
"INDICATOR INVERTEBRATES: DETERMINING CHANGE IN BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES DUE TO DEPOSITED SEDIMENT IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2015-04-2220.
Full textCohen, Risa A. "Physiological responses of a bloom-forming macroalga to eutrophic conditions implications for use as a bioindicator of freshwater and nutrient influx to estuarine areas /." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55525896.html.
Full textHack, Lisa Adelheid. "Development and validation of the marine benthic copepod Robertsonia propinqua as a bioindicator to monitor estuarine environmental health : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, New Zealand /." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/307.
Full textMaas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
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