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1
Shapor, M. A. "Impact of western sanctions on Russia's foreign trade indicators based on the developed exports efficiency criterion." Lizing (Leasing), no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2110-06.
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In the framework of this scientific article the author of the criterion of efficiency of the country’s exports, developed on the basis of export performance indicator used by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The advantage of the proposed criterion of the author is that he became a multiparameter using a number of indicators such as the exporting country and the importing country. This criterion can be used to calculate the export potential of the country in the period of instability of the world economy, since under the proposed criteria can be considered not only the annual interval but also quarterly and monthly.
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Dukhnytskyi, Bohdan. "Efficiency of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruit and berry products." Ekonomika APK 311, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202009095.
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The purpose of the article is to study the main indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruits and berries, compare them with similar data from other countries for a comprehensive assessment the effectiveness in export-import operations, identify disadvantages and prospects for national industry. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for characterizing the main aspects of Ukraine's foreign trade in agri-food products, analysis and synthesis - for detailing the commodity structure of domestic fruits and berries’ exports and imports, formation a comprehensive assessment of our country as a player in the world fruit market, comparative evaluation - for determining the resource potential of fruit growing industry in the studied countries, providing a world ranking of exporters and importers of fruit and berry products, graphical and tabular - for visualizing the most important statistical indicators. Research results. The characteristics of consumption indicators in key countries of each geographical region are provided, the differentiation of expenditures for organic products, depending on the purchasing power of buyers, is analyzed, a comparison of generalized indicators in the world consumption with the corresponding data for Ukraine is made. The dynamics of the global fruit and berry products’ exports value in recent years is considered, the list of the largest exporting and importing countries of fruits is shown, including countries with the maximum positive and negative balance, statistically determined Ukraine's position in the relevant rankings, available production and resource capacities the horticultural industry of individual countries with Ukraine in the context of the efficiency of fruit and berry exports are compared, our competitiveness in terms of products’ volumes and prices is analyzed. Scientific novelty. The commodity structure of fruits and berries exports in some countries is considered in the context of their comparison with Ukraine and the main indicators of lag are identified, weaknesses in our positioning in the global market, which obstruct the realization of existing potential, are determined. Practical significance. The provisions of the article are aimed at bringing the information about current problems of production and export of fruit and berries to the experts and practitioners of industry, which prevent optimizing their promotion in foreign markets and improving position of Ukraine, and can be used in further activities of specialized enterprises.
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Gorbunova, Mariia, Mariya Khazan, Elena Livanova, and Tatiana Morozova. "Statistical Analysis of Performance Indicators of the Leading Russian Exporters." Research in World Economy 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n1p68.
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Promoting the country’s competitiveness amid global turbulence is an important task at every level of the economy’s management. In the circumstances of Russia’s shrinking trade balance, which is due to the unfavorable resource market environment, studying the businesses of Russian exporters becomes a relevant research problem. The focus is placed on the dilemma of commodity/non-commodity exports, which is important to emerging markets.During the research, the authors conducted an analysis of revenue indicators and commodity and geographical diversification indicators of the leading Russian exporters based on materials from Expert Business Weekly, which may yield the following conclusions. First, resource companies’ export revenues are less volatile. Second, research results confirm, in a direct or an indirect way, the greater inclination and efficiency of resource exporters towards geographical (country-wise) diversification, whereas commodity diversification is an export strategy tool of non-resource companies. Third, the authors identified a positive correlation between foreign trade revenues, on the one hand, and the number of countries served and trade items offered, on the other hand, for mineral and energy companies; moreover, a higher elasticity of export revenue on a number of markets served was revealed. For the manufacturing exporters representing chemical, petrochemical, and food industries, a positive correlation between export revenues and the number of HS 4-digit commodity lines was identified in some years and industries alongside a higher elasticity of export income on number of commodity lines. The linear regression model showed that the addition of a new product in terms of HS 4-digit code would lead to a bigger increase in export income than a new national market entry. So, the authorities should support a product diversification of both commodity and manufacturing exporters encouraging the innovation.Thus, the performed analysis is of great practical importance, since Russia is the largest trading country in Central Europe. And the results shed light on export performance of its leading companies.
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Oleksiv, Ihor, and Diana Mirzoieva. "INDICATORS OF UKRAINIAN INDUSTRIES’ COMPETITIVENESS CONSIDERING FACTOR OF HUMAN CAPITAL." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 1, no. 15 (February 23, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/ej.01.2021.8.
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The aim of the article is to determine the types of economic activity of Ukraine with high export competitiveness, taking into account human capital. The stages of creation of an export product were elaborated, the main resource of which is human capital, the indicator of its efficiency – labor intensity, the results – the volume of output and the share of value added in output, and the foreign economic result – the share of exports. As a result of hierarchical cluster analysis, five clusters were defined, the current state of which was characterized by statistical data. In particular, outpacing coefficients were calculated for each cluster. As the result, recommendations were provided for clusters and the Ukrainian economy as a whole
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Makhan'ko, L. S. "Analyzing the factors of organizations' export potential development." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 1315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.7.1315.
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Subject. The article investigates methodological aspects when analyzing the effectiveness of export and import operations and assessing the export potential of organizations. Objectives. The study aims at developing the theoretical and methodological aspects of export efficiency analysis through elaborating the system of contributing factors. Methods. I employ methods of qualitative analysis and review of scholarly papers, data collection, systematization, quantification, including the grouping, structuring, and formalization; graphical analysis; methods of evaluation and disclosure of foreign economic transactions in financial statements; financial analysis techniques. Results. The paper systematizes factors of export efficiency growth by criteria of control and management efficiency; determines the parameters of organization of payments that affect the efficiency of export and import operations. It also offers a system of foreign exchange risk indicators based on parameters of payments, and recommendations for expanding the information capacity of financial statements. Conclusions. The factors that regulate the efficiency of foreign trade operations and strengthen export potential include the currency and organization of payments. The management of these factors rests on the analysis and evaluation of certain currency risk indicators by parameters of payments. To improve the quality of this process, it is advisable to expand the information capacity of financial statements as to reflecting the recommended system of indicators.
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Barinov, P. S., and A. M. Mastepanov. "Efficiency performance indicators of oil export deliveries from the Russian Federation." Problems of Economics and Management of Oil and Gas Complex 12 (2018): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30713/1999-6942-2018-12-24-37.
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Dumanska, Ilona. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: INDICATORS AND PARAMETERS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-57-64.
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The purpose of the paper is to develop a system of indicators and parameters for assessing the quality of business strategy in international trade based on analysis of the effectiveness of export-import operations, which are evaluated and analysed by managers in developing and implementing business strategies for effective management decisions to expand foreign markets. Methodology. There were used general scientific and special research methods. Assessing the quality of the company’s business strategy in international trade when planning to enter or expand foreign markets was based on economic comparative analysis and grouping, synthesis and formalization. Using the method of coefficients, structural analysis and analytical comparison, groups of indicators are proposed for analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of business strategy in export and import operations. Economic and mathematical modelling, scientific abstraction, systems analysis contributed to the development of economic parameters for assessing the quality of business strategy in international trade. Results. It is established that the assessment of the quality of the business strategy of the enterprise in international trade should be calculated not only taking into account absolute, relative, structural indicators, but also efficiency indicators. Groups of indicators for analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of export and import operations that can be used in management activities are proposed. To determine the quality of business strategy in international trade, the feasibility of using the main block of efficiency indicators such as: direct effect of exports/imports, comparative effect of exports/imports, the level of efficiency of exports/imports, and supplementing the block of indicators characterizing economic efficiency (end result) of the business strategy in international trade. An individual approach to the formation of each enterprise’s own system of economic parameters for assessing the quality of business strategy in international trade, taking into account such basic parameters as assessing the scope of achieving business strategy goals, the importance of information data on business strategy assessment, timing of business assessment - strategies, technical and methodological level of evaluation, novelty of the received information for adjustment of business strategy. Practical implications. Formation of a methodological approach to the assessment of such qualitative characteristics of business strategy in international trade as efficiency and effectiveness, determination of basic economic parameters of its evaluation system. Value / originality. The proposed groups of indicators and parameters for assessing the quality of business strategy in international trade can be used in management to confirm the effectiveness of strategic directions of business development and to counteract the making of intuitive decisions by top management in this area.
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Fatyanov, D. V. "The Theoretical Principles for Assessing the Efficiency of Use of the Export-Import Potential of Enterprise." Business Inform 12, no. 515 (2020): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-12-258-264.
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The article discusses the actual theoretical problems of assessing the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise (EIPE). The complexity of socio-economic conditions of activities of industrial enterprises requires revision of the theory and practice of the management of export potential. The efficiency of export-import activity depends on the efficiency of the use of export-import potential at the enterprise, and this justifies the need to solve the problems of import substitution in the economy. The theoretical principles of the assessment of efficiency of use of EIPP are substantiated as follows: 1) the methodological framework for assessing the export-import potential of enterprises is substantiated, first of all, by the system of basic elements of assessment; 2) the objectivity of assessment depends on an adequate content model of the efficiency of use of this potential; 3) to carry out the assessment, it is important to substantiate a hierarchical system of indicators that reflects the elemental structure of export-import potential and their characterizations, as well as a system of criteria; 4) assessment of the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise is multidimensional and multicriterial; 5) the objectivity of assessment of the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise is determined by the corresponding mathematical instrument used; 6) effective managerial decisions are made on the basis of the results of an assessment of the efficiency of the export-import activity of enterprise. The substantiated theoretical provisions for assessing the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise contain the formed methodological framework of the assessment. The article also proposes a content model of the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise, which includes such components as: structure, elements, processes, mechanisms, types of EIPP, influence factors, indicators, criteria, results, costs, effect, efficiency. The presented improved theoretical approach to assessing the efficiency of use of the export-import potential of enterprise ensures its objectivity, adequacy and reliability.
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Gracheva, Maria. "Regional Aspect: Commodity Structure of Germany’s Exports." Contemporary Europe 101, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope1202195107.
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The article examines the specificity of commodities exports of Germany’s eastern and western lands. The indicators of sectoral export specialization are determined by comparing sectoral export quotas of the federal lands and the East/West with the general German sectoral export quotas. Calculations are based on data from the country's Federal Statistical Office for 2008 and 2019. As a result of the analysis of the indicators obtained, the general characteristics of the export specifics in relation to industrial branches and federal lands in two parts of the country are formulated, changes among the main specialized branches are explored, the roles of individual lands in the creation of export profiles of East and West Germany and the degree of correspondence between export profiles of the East/West and their lands are determined. The author outlines the convergence of new and old lands in various dimensions of specialization, the success of the East in the competition for specialization in the cars export and the preservation of significant Western advantages in the mechanical engineering’s export specialization and in the formation of new sectoral export focuses, and highlights the federal lands that have achieved high efficiency in the given field (Saxony in the East and Baden-Württemberg in the West).
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Prokopyshyn, О. S. "Development of Forecasts of Export-Import Operations in the System of Foreign Economic Activity." Management of Economy: Theory and Practice. Chumachenko’s Annals, no. 2020 (2020): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/2221-1187.2020.252-260.
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At present, the problems of managing export-import operations in the system of foreign economic activity of enterprises of various industries are becoming especially relevant. The article forecasts the indicators of export-import operations using the autoregression method. Calculations show an increase in exports and imports from European countries to Ukraine; volume of investments in foreign economic activity; reduction of the balance of export-import operations and the ratio between imports and exports. It is proved that forecasting is an effective tool for planning foreign economic activity of economic entities, the application of which will facilitate the adoption of scientifically sound management decisions in the formation of plans for shipment to consumers, production programs and strategies for strategic development of enterprises; identification of reserves to increase the efficiency of the organization of international sales activities; optimization of the structure of export-import operations.
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Pyagay, A. A., and S. S. Shintayeva. "Food market’s state, opportunities and reserves of the Kazakhstan rural regions." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-4-93-102.
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The article analyzes the state regulation measures system of the agricultural production and food development in the regions of the state. This research purpose is the development of proposals for the economic component’s systematization of the production of export-oriented agricultural products and assessment of the state support level for the influence on the efficiency of the production of export-oriented agricultural products. The authors evaluated the efficiency indicators system of state support for the production’s export-oriented agricultural products and food as well as reserves for the food market’s development in rural regions of Kazakhstan. The research shows that for the agricultural production’s development Kazakhstan has a significant resource potential (land, labor and materialtechnical), which allows to ensure the population’s food security, increase exports and reduce imports. For this, it is necessary to improve the forms and methods of state financial support and, above all, export-oriented products and food, with considering republic regions strategic development. Efficiency indicators of the regional state support for the agricultural sector of the economy are characterized by the following: gross production, revenue, profit, level of profitability, financial stability, labor productivity. Considering the methodological approaches to the state support funds distribution, three principal directions for inter-budgetary regulation of the agro-industrial complex are suggested using the following methodology: per capita, covering the estimated financial gap, and equalizing budget provision. Subsidies in crop production (per hectare) for 1 ha of crops were canceled in 2018, and stock raising – from 2020.
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Sidorenko, O. V. "PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES OF THE GRAIN SUBCOMPLEX OF AIC." Bulletin of Agrarian Science 5, no. 86 (2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2587-666x.2020.5.154.
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Currently, the government of the Russian Federation has adopted a number of strategic planning documents containing measures aimed at the development of the grain-product subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex. In particular, the long term strategy for the Development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035 was approved. It is a strategic planning document in the grain sector that defines priorities, goals and objectives of public administration and food security, ways of their effective achievement and comprehensive solution. The target indicators of the long term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035 are: gross yield of grain and leguminous crops - 140 million tons, crop areas – 50 million hectares, domestic consumption – 86.2 million tons, grain export volume, including products of its processing – 55.9 million tons, capacity for simultaneous storage of grain and leguminous crops – 167.4 million tons. The federal project "Export of agricultural products" is being implemented within the framework of the national project "International cooperation and export", one of its goals s to achieve the volume of grain export (in value terms) in the amount of 11.4 billion US dollars by the end of 2024 by creating new commodity mass (including with higher value added), creation of export-oriented commodity distribution infrastructure, elimination of trade barriers (tariff and non-tariff) to ensure access of agricultural products to target markets and creation of a system for promoting and positioning agricultural products. The target indicators stated in the official documents necessitate the search for reserves to increase the efficiency of the grain subcomplex development, increase export of grain and its processing products.
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Kirillova, Tatyana, Svetlana Golovkina, Maria Kupriyanova, and Maria Azarova. "Comparative characteristics of export transactions of a chemical industry enterprise." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 09032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016409032.
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In the work, the economic justification of the efficiency of export operations of LLC “Industrial Group “Phosphorite” was carried out. The enterprise under study is a part of EuroChem Group AG and sells products on the Russian market and also exports mineral fertilizers to foreign markets. The organization and features of export operations are investigated. The basic principles and methods of state regulation of foreign trade activity in the Russian Federation are considered. When considering the world and domestic market of mineral fertilizers, the analysis of volume indicators of chemical industry production was carried out, the main importing countries of Russian fertilizers and the main competitors of EuroChem Group AG were identified. The paper analyzes the foreign economic activity of EuroChem Group AG and its subsidiary LLC “Industrial Group “Phosphorite”. The main markets for products were identified and a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of two export transactions was carried out. Based on the effectiveness assessment, recommendations were made to increase the profitability of export transactions. The implementation of measures to increase the efficiency of export transactions will lead to an increase in the company’s profitability.
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Shabanov, Victor L., Marianna Ya Vasilchenko, Elena A. Derunova, and Andrey P. Potapov. "Formation of an Export-Oriented Agricultural Economy and Regional Open Innovations." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010032.
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The aim of the work is to find relevant indicators for assessing the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports using tools for modeling the impact of innovation and investment development on increasing production and export potential in the context of the formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy. The modeling methodology and the proposed estimating and forecasting tools for diagnosing and monitoring the state of sectoral and regional innovative agricultural systems are used to analyze the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports based on the construction of the classification of Russian regions by factors that aggregate these features to diagnose incongruence problems and to improve institutional management in regional innovative export-oriented agrosystems. Based on the results of the factor analysis application, an underestimated role of indicators of investment in agriculture, the intensity and efficiency of agricultural production, were established. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the established five groups of regions were identified, with significant differences in the level of investment in agriculture, the volume of production of the main types of agricultural products, and the export and exported food. The research results are of practical value for use in improving institutional management when planning reforms and transformations of regional innovative agrosystems.
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Maierufi, M. "Efficiency of Network Interaction During Import Substitution and Organization of Export Activities." Economics and Management 27, no. 7 (September 1, 2021): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-7-547-556.
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Aim. The presented study aims to examine the influence of the quantitative and competence composition of the participants of an innovation network on its economic efficiency.Tasks. The author performs the benchmarking of fourteen foreign and Russian car manufacturers to develop a reference model of innovation network efficiency in the field of production of smart vehicles; collects an array of data according to two analytical indicators, including the duration of the model range update cycle and the growth rate of new car sales; evaluates the economic viability of forming an innovation network with participants balanced in terms of their specialization in the organization and implementation of innovative or production activities; compares reference data pertaining to the market of passenger cars on the one hand and integral indicators of network interaction participants in the field of creating smart vehicles on the other; analyzes the correlation between the results of evaluating the economic efficiency of network interaction and input parameters.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems and correlation-regression analysis as well as sensitivity analysis of the developed reference model. Results. It is found that a decrease in the amount of investment results in a slight decrease in the efficiency of network interaction compared to the change in the number of participants and the corresponding competence profile. Consequently, the sensitivity of the formed network to changes in the amount of investment is lower compared to changes in the competencies of network interaction participants.Conclusions. In the most general formulation, the selection of the subjects of an innovation network comes down to finding a dynamic balance between participants with an innovative area of competence and those who specialize in production. The methodology is tested using data on the activities of 45 industry enterprises and organizations, making it possible to identify predictive quantitative patterns in the influence of the balance of participants of the developed innovation network on the analyzed indicators of its innovation and production activities. The practical significance of the proposed approach lies in the possibility of using it for the organizational support of import substitution programs as well as for launching initiatives aimed at forming export networks in the Russian economy and orienting them towards creating a technological export flow.
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Lositska, Tetyana. "Methodical aspects of determining the efficiency of grain production in modern conditions." Economics ecology socium 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-6.
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Introduction. The pace of development of the agro-food market of Ukraine is extremely volatile, due to the determinants of the external environment and internal factors. In the context of accelerated integration processes, the potential of free trade areas and regional trade associations have an impact on the structure of the internal market as a whole and the agro-food market in particular. Given the leading position of the agro-food sector in the national economy and the significant share of grain exports in total exports of Ukraine, the problem of ensuring the efficiency of grain production is of particular relevance for the domestic economy.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of this paper is is to systematize the methodological bases for determining the efficiency of grain production in modern conditions. According to the stated purpose, the main objectives of the study are: to generalize the instrument of production efficiency estimation in the market of agro-food products and to identificate the determinants of influence on efficiency of grain production in the conditions of increasing openness of national economies.
Results. The results of the study of theoretical foundations of problems of ensuring the efficiency of agricultural production from the standpoint of economic and socio-economic approach made it possible to identify the determinants of increasing the efficiency of grain farming in the context of natural and climatic conditions, biological and organizational and technological features of its production. Based on the generalization of indicators of economic efficiency of placement and specialization of grain production, it is determined that the efficiency of grain production can be calculated on the basis of indicators in the context of quantitative and qualitative indicators.
Conclusions. Given the prospect of maintaining its strategic importance not only in agriculture, but in the Ukrainian economy as a whole, grain will continue to remain dominant in the development of the agro-industrial complex, both in terms of the need to provide food security and in view of the potential for increasing export potential in Ukraine in this area. Forecasts of future world trade trends by major agricultural commodities are favorable for Ukraine in the medium term, given the potential of domestic grain exports. Prospects for further study of this issue are to identify the ways of strengthening the export orientation of Ukrainian enterprises in the grain market.
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Nikolaiev, M. G., and N. P. Meshko. "Structural Disparities in the Implementation of Export Strategies of Ukrainian Enterprises." Business Inform 12, no. 515 (2020): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-12-401-410.
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The strategic development of most large enterprises, as well as successful productions of medium and small businesses is focused on expanding sell markets beyond the national economy. The logic of the research as formed by the authors is based on a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, which provide an opportunity to identify trends in the implementation of export strategies, allocate clusters of markets on price grounds, and assess the consequences of the implementation of export strategies of Ukrainian companies. The competitive environment of global markets is changing in space and time. It is substantiated that the development of marketing export strategies of companies should be based on the analysis of industry markets taking into account the main competitors – both countries and companies. The method of calculating the country’s participation coefficients in the world market of imported goods on an industry basis is applied. The absolute and relative indicators are analyzed, which in combination give a holistic picture of the current state of implementation of Ukraine’s export potential, as well as the initial data for further actions towards improving the efficiency of the process of internationalization of business. The overall efficiency of the company’s development, in particular the quality of functioning of all systems involved in exports, depends largely on the quality of management, which determines the need to implement certain measures of the organizational and economic support in the sphere of staff, finance, production, and sales at the enterprise. The problems that substantially affect the competitiveness of Ukrainian exports are outlined. At the same time, a significant backlog of global trends in the exports of high-tech goods and services, leading to low profitability of export activity in general, is identified. The analysis of structural shifts in the export activity of Ukrainian enterprises is carried out, the types of price strategies in the practice of promotion to new markets are identified. The practice of conduct of export activity shows that companies use different export marketing strategies both in the developed and in the developing countries. The obtained results of the research should be used by representatives of Ukrainian business for analysis, elimination of shortcomings and disparities, as well as development of new business models of export activity. Recommendations for improving export strategies in the conditions of digitalization of markets are formed. Prospect for future research is to find possible ways to increase the technological efficiency of Ukrainian exports and, consequently, increase the competitiveness of the national economy.
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Zuoza, Andrius, and Vaida Pilinkienė. "Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emission Impact on Competitiveness in the European Energy Intensive Industries." Energies 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154700.
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Climate change and efforts to mitigate it have given rise to an interest in the relationship between industry competitiveness, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions. A better understanding of this relationship can be essential for economic and environmental decision-makers. This paper presents empirical research evaluating industry competitiveness through the factors of energy efficiency and carbon emission in Europe’s most energy-intensive industries. The designed industry competitiveness measure index consists of seven components, grouped into three equally weighted sub-indexes: export performance, energy, and environmental. The export performance of the industry is described by the industry export growth rate, the share of the industry’s export, and the effects on the industry’s competitiveness of changes in a country’s export. The energy intensity of the industry and energy prices are integrated into the energy sub-index. The environmental sub-index consists of the industry’s emissions intensity, and the ratio of freely allocated allowances and verified emissions indicators. The findings indicate that countries with the highest index value also have a positive energy intensity and carbon emission indicator value. The average index value of each industry gradually reduces to zero, and the standard deviation of the index value shows a diminishing trend throughout all sectors, which implies that competitiveness in all sectors is increasing and that all countries are nearing the industry average. The ANOVA results show that: (1) the competitiveness index value was statistically significantly different in the investigated countries; (2) the competitiveness index value was statistically non-significantly different in the investigated industries; (3) there was a significant effect of the interaction between country and industry on the competitiveness index value. These results suggest that the country itself and industry/country interaction significantly affect the competitiveness index. However, it should be mentioned that industry per se does not substantially affect the competitiveness index score.
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Ye, Fei-Fei, Suhui Wang, Long-Hao Yang, and Ying-Ming Wang. "A new air pollution management method based on the integration of evidential reasoning and slacks-based measure." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 6833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191816.
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Air pollution management is becoming a major topic of political concern, and many studies have devoted to the efficiency measurement of air pollution management. However, several drawbacks must be overcome for better applying efficiency measurement to improve air pollution management, including neglect of the importance of different indicators, non-integrity of indicator information for efficiency measurement, and lack of analyzing regional factors in the efficiency of air pollution management. Accordingly, by utilizing the evidential reasoning (ER) approach with entropy weighting method to propose an ER-based indicator integration and introducing the slacks-based measure (SBM) model with consideration of undesirable outputs and the regression model to propose an SBM-based efficiency analysis, a new air pollution management method, called integrated ER-SBM method, is developed in the present study. In the case study of Chinese 29 provinces, the application procedure and results are provided to illustrate how to apply the integrated ER-SBM method to integrate various air pollution indicators with different importance and further analyze the influence of regional factors, such as technological innovation, regional population density, import-export values, number of industries, and energy resources, on the efficiency of air pollution management. In addition, the policy recommendations targeting the results are concluded as well.
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Melnyk, Tetyana, and Kateryna Pugachevska. "PRIORITIES OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 17, No 2 (2018) (2018): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.02.209.
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A comparative analysis of the coefficient of participation in the international division of labor and the coefficient of export efficiency of Ukraine and its main trading partners have been carried out. The indicators of development of goods and services exports to the EU countries are analyzed. On the basis of the «Input-Output» tables export orientation, import dependence and structure of import flows of certain types of economic activity were calculated. It is determined that the low share of imports in accumulation on the background of domestic science inability to produce innovative and technologically advanced products shows conservatism in industrial policy and production on a morally and technically obsolete equipment that does not meet the requirements of scientific and technological progress. Most likely, Ukraine’s export potential will be stimulated by the growth of demand from key partners from the EU, but it is worth noting that the rise in prices of goods for intermediate consumption from abroad, as well as the deterioration of price terms of trade, will restrain the possibility of increasing Ukraine’s exports.
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Lazo Calanche, Meredyth Ernestina Leslye, Diana Vanessa Coca Gonzalez, Andrea Mariana Carhuaz Casafranca, Pedro Bernabe Venegas Rodriguez, and Nivardo Alonzo Santillan Zapata. "Competitive Dynamics of Peruvian Grapes in the United States and the Netherlands Markets." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (December 25, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p348.
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The growth of Peruvian fresh grapes exports encouraged the study of its competitive dynamics in the period 2010-2017. The two main world importers of the product, i.e. the United States and Netherlands were analyzed. The Relative Trade Balance, Tradability indices with the sub-indicators: Export Openness Degree and Import Penetration Degree, Symmetric Comparative Advantage and the Market Insertion Matrix, interlacing Positioning and Efficiency, were estimated. The research found that Peru and South Africa were fresh grapes competitive producers in both markets among 12 evaluated countries.
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Karpowicz, Izabela, Carlos Góes, and Mercedes Garcia-Escribano. "Filling the Gap: Infrastructure Investment in Brazil." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 2, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v2i2.828.
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Infrastructure bottlenecks have been identified as a key obstacle to growth affecting productivity and market efficiency, and hindering domestic integration and export performance. This paper assesses the state of Brazil’s infrastructure, in light of past investment trends and various quality and quantity indicators. Brazil’s infrastructure stock and its quality rank low in relation to that of comparator countries, chosen amongst main export competitors. We provide evidence that infrastructure affects domestic integration by analyzing price convergence of tradable goods across major cities. The government’s concession program will narrow part of the infrastructure gap, however, governance reforms will be crucial to improving investment efficiency.
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Mursalova, H. N., L. K. Baimagambetova, and O. Ozpence. "Assessment of the Eurasian Economic Union countries integration economic efficiency." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2224-5561-2021-3-6-19.
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The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the achieved level of integration of the leading countries within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Methodology: a quantitative approach is used. Based on the results of the analysis of dynamic series, the mutual openness of country economies and their mutual trade is estimated by the methods of calculating the export quota, which shows the content of exports in the volume of gross product. A broader analysis of integration interaction involves the study of other equally important indicators. Thus, the indicators of the importance of mutual trade in goods and services, mutual labor migration for the leading countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and mutual flows of foreign direct investment for Kazakhstan within all the countries of the EAEU were also used and mutual FDI flows for Kazakhstan within all EAEU countries were also used.The originality / value of the study lies in the coverage of the last years of the Eurasian integration, the calculation of indicators of the significance and evaluation of the effectiveness of foreign economic relations in their main areas in the Eurasian integration grouping for its leading countries.The results of the study – in 2015-2019, there is an achievement of relative openness and an increase in the importance of trade in goods and services, a decrease in the importance of migration between Kazakhstan and the main participants of the EAEU. At the same time, the flows of foreign direct investment to and from Kazakhstan within the union are characterized by positive changes.
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Rumánková, Lenka, Elena Kuzmenko, Irena Benešová, Luboš Smutka, and Adriana Laputková. "Animal Husbandry Export Measures Productivity: What is the Position of the Czech Republic?" Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2020.120407.
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Efficiency, productivity and competitiveness are important indicators of any production process. Speaking of agriculture and, in particular, animal husbandry in the light of sustainable development context, the values of these indicators become of special importance. Since adequate and efficient usage of disposable labour, land and capital can play a crucial role in obtaining and preserving higher efficiency and productivity levels, the natural question arises - does any relationship exist between mentioned production factors and revealed comparative advantage? The main aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between export-measured productivity and comparative advantages in animal husbandry of selected European countries. The benchmark is provided in relation to the Czech Republic. To analyse productivity of agricultural and, more specifically, animal production in the European countries selected for the analysis (based on available balanced data incorporating the period from 2005 to 2017), a decision was made to trace export performance of these countries recalculated with regard to a unit of core productive factors, such as land, labour and capital. Based on the foreign trade indicators (Gruber Lloyd index, RCA index), cluster analysis was conducted, in which individual calculation was used as an input variable. Subsequently, hierarchical clustering and Ward´s method were used. The evidence from this study suggests that the revealed comparative advantage of the countries is not determined primarily by the level of export-based productivity. The relationship between these variables is rather weak and very often negative, which indicates that productivity indicators do not play a significant role in the overall competitiveness of the monitored countries.
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L, Kozak, and Fedoruk O. "TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE WITH THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD." National Transport University Bulletin 49, no. 2 (2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-2-49-095-104.
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The article examines the indicators of foreign trade of individual countries of the world; substantiates the directions of reducing the dependence of national exports on commodity prices on world markets; clarifies the development trends of trade and economic relations of Ukraine with countries of the world; examines the direction of expanding the national export potential. Object of research – the process of economic security in international relations. Purpose of study – improving efficiency of the mechanism of activization of development of the trade and economic relations of Ukraine with the countries of the world. Methods of research – method of abstracting, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system approach. One of the main prerequisites for the effective functioning of the national economy, the key to its dynamic development is the expansion of export potential. Accordingly, the strategic objective is the largescale growth of Ukraine’s presence in foreign markets. The partial or complete loss of traditional markets reinforces the need to find effective solutions for the development of exports of Ukrainian products. The presence of Ukraine in the global production network has increased significantly over the past ten years, but still remains insufficient. For the active inclusion in the global value chains, it is necessary to change the commodity structure of Ukrainian exports and switch to the production of medium and high-tech products. Forecast assumptions about the object of study – improvement of the mechanism of ensuring economic security in international relations. KEYWORDS: TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS, EXPORT POTENTIAL, GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS, COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN EXPORTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, FREE TRADE ZONE, EXPORT STRATEGY OF UKRAINE
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Malyarets, Lyudmyla, Mimo Draskovic, Nadiia Proskurnina, Oleksandr Dorokhov, and Volodymyr Vovk. "Analytical support for forming the strategy of export-import activity development of enterprises in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.33.
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The current economic situation in Ukraine is conditioned by the efficiency of the export-import activity of industrial enterprises. In turn, the effectiveness of the strategy for the development of this activity depends on the scientific substantiation of its analytical support. This confirms the relevance of the topic of the article. The purpose of the article is to present the content of analytical support for forming the strategy of development of export-import activity of the enterprises in Ukraine. The object of the study is the development of analytical support for the formation of this strategy. The main methods of developing this analytical support is the multicriterial optimization method, which uses a genetic algorithm, multidimensional regression analysis, and a taxonomic method for calculating the integral index of development. The article also examines the peculiarities of the implementation of export-import activity of industrial enterprises in modern conditions, analyzes the criteria for its development, provides a system of indicators for the evaluation of this activity and the setting of a multi-criteria optimization task of maximizing the development of export-import activity of the enterprise, the solution of which is recommended with the help of software MatLab. It is recommended that the optimal values obtained are taken as the basis for determining the desired values of the export-import performance indicators.
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Bilyansky, Yurii. "Efficiency of institutional security of integration processes in foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2020): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.1-2.16.
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Purpose. The aim of this article is to study the preconditions that contributed to changes in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, to identify trends in foreign trade in agricultural products and to assess the effectiveness of such changes for direct producers of agricultural products. Methodology of research. The abstract and logical method and the method of generalization were used in the research, which allowed to determine the prerequisites for the formation of competitive advantages of domestic agricultural products in the world market, to establish the factors of influence on the change in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. As a result of using the economic and statistical method, a research was made of the trends in the geographical diversification of exports of agricultural products and their processed products under the influence of the institutional environment of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. Findings. The conditions for the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises are identified, changes in foreign trade in agricultural products and in the flow of foreign direct investment as a result of Ukraine’s economic integration into the world community, in particular the signing of WTO accession agreements and associations with EU countries, are highlighted. As a result of improving methodological approaches to determining the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment, proportional changes were established between the indicators of export and intra-economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The positive impact of creating a free trade zone with the EU countries is substantiated, which will encourage domestic agricultural enterprises to adhere to EU standards for the safety and hygiene of agricultural products, especially dairy and meat products. Originality. Methodological approaches to the determination of indicators of the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment have been improved, which, unlike the existing ones, comprehensively take into account the results of domestic and export activities of agricultural enterprises. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the marketing activities of agricultural enterprises in order to build export strategies and search for their own niche in the world market. Key words: institutional support; institutions; foreign economic activity; agricultural enterprises; export; import; price; agricultural products; world market; foreign direct investment.
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Medvedeva, Lyudmila, and Elena Ivanova. "Methodology for classification and typology development of regions with a view to promoting export of agricultural products." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308084.
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The work is aimed at the development of methodological support for regions’ typology development in order to group them according to the essential features and calculate the integral indicator. The unique technique is suggested by the authors which includes five stages, all of them supplementing each other. Properly developed typology of regions helps to define the group which the region belongs to, and, on the basis of this, to develop measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises’ activity in this area and expand the economic potential of export operations, taking into account the clear justification. The specific indicators for ranking regions by groups are determined by the authors in the article. The significance of this methodology development is justified within the framework of implementation of state support for the export of agro-industrial products.
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Korovin, G. B. "Efficiency of Government Support for the Manufacturing Sector in Russian Industrial Regions." Economy of Region 17, no. 4 (2021): 1256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-4-15.
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The Russian manufacturing sector is concentrated in regions considered as potential centres of technological development, productivity growth and long-term export opportunities. Realization of this potential requires the timely implementation of effective support measures. Using relevant statistics, the study aims to analyse how budget subsidies affect the dynamic and structural aspects of the development of Russian industrial regions. The research methodology is based on assessing the total budgetary cost of government support and correlating it with regional industrial indicators. To this end, data from the Treasury of Russia, statistical indicators, industry databases and target indicators were examined. The study revealed that government subsidies not always positively affect the industry target parameters, even distorting market mechanisms. In general, the implementation of state programmes in Russia has led to an increase in export volumes, costs for innovative activities and labour productivity with stable employment in industry. However, in industrial regions, an increase in the share of the manufacturing sector does not cause an increase in economic growth. In addition, fixed capital investment in the manufacturing sector is lower in these regions. A sharp increase in the number of high performance employees due to the implementation of support measures was observed in Russia and individual industrial regions. In terms of innovative activity, the number of patent applications in industrial regions is significantly lower than the national average. The efficiency of industry support measures in the Russian Federation can be re-evaluated based on the obtained results. Future research will focus on further detailing the budgetary cost of government support and assessing its long-term results.
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Gron, O., and O. Sikalenko. "Assessment of the entrprise export potential." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 73, no. 6 (2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.06.115.
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The current state of business processes encourages companies to expand markets. The entry of enterprises into international markets opens many prospects, such as increasing customers, increasing the level of competitiveness, new opportunities for cooperation, increasing profits etc. Sales of its products on the world stage characterizes the company as a strong player. New foreign exchange earnings benefit not only the company but also the state. In general, export activities stimulate enterprises to improve the technical and raw material base, contribute to improving product quality. Along with the benefits of expanding international activities, the potential risks are growing as export activity is the complex factor in increasing the enterprise competitiveness. Therefore, it is important to analyze timely and qualitatively the indicators that shape export activity, because they affect the level of efficiency of sales in international markets. Despite the fact that such economic component as the enterprise export potential is gaining momentum in the modern world, due to its versatility, scientists have not yet come to a common vision of assessing the enterprise export potential. At present, many companies are not able to carry out proper analysis for stabiliatione and improvement of their work due to insufficient information base. The approaches to determining the enterprises export potential by domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed in this paper. The factors influencing the enterprise in the process of entering the international market and the need for a proper assessment of export potential, depending on the effectiveness of activities abroad, are investigated. The existing in scientific sources directions of the estimation and indicators concerning definition of the level of enterprise export potential are considered. According to the results obtained during the investigation, the shortcomings of multistructural models for assessing the enterprise export potential are analyzed. A set of indicators for rapid assessment of the enterprise export potential is proposed. It makes it possible to determine the existing opportunities and priorities of the enterprise.
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Loishyn, Anatolii, Sergey Levchenko, Ivan Tkach, and Getmanskii Vitalii. "Assessment of efficiency indicators of internal control system functioning." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2019.9.4.9.
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The results of the research will be useful for audit service professionals directly involved in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system and scientists who are concerned with the development of scientific and methodological apparatus for assessing the effectiveness of not only the internal control system, but also other systems in the field of management, as well as all concerned with risk-oriented internal control.
The material presented in the study offers theoretical and practical coverage of the results regarding the solution of the urgent task today - the development of a methodological apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.
In the article, by specifying a certain algorithm, the substantiation and prioritization of indicators, which can testify to the effectiveness of the internal control system in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, are determined.
The object of the study is the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, since it is under-researched. The study presents the results of the empirical justification of the indicators, which confirmed the possibility of taking them into account in further studies.
The study proposes to shed light on the results of the use of the peer review method for solving the scientific problem and justify the application of this method.
The article presents the results of calculating the final amount for each indicator, calculating the arithmetic mean, selecting the most significant indicators and building a new ranking of indicators. To assess the average consistency of all experts, a concordance coefficient was used when related rankings were available, that is, the same rank values in the estimates of one expert.
The significance of the coefficient of concordance by its Pearson test was determined and all 92 indicators were evaluated.
By performing the relevant mathematical calculations of the processing of the information obtained on the basis of the questionnaire of experts, six priority indicators were determined in determining the assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control system.
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Gavurová, Beáta, Martina Halásková, and Samuel Koróny. "Research and Development Indicators of EU28 Countries from Viewpoint of Super‑efficiency DEA Analysis." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 1 (2019): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967010225.
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Research and development are important sources of economic growth and social welfare and play a key role in creating new knowledge, products and technological processes. In our paper we focused on the analysis and evaluation of research and innovation potential in the European Union countries in 2010 and 2015 using Data Envelopment Analysis. For the evaluation, seven indicators were selected, as starting point for the evaluation of research activities and the measurement of the innovation performance and of competitiveness of the individual countries. Input capital indicators were – R&D expenditure in the higher education sector and in the business enterprise sector as % of GDP. Input human labour indicators were total researchers (FTE), human resources in science and technology (HRST) as % of active population and employment in total service intensive sectors as % of total employment. Output indicators were the number of scientific publications and high‑tech export as % of total export. On basis of DEA super‑efficiency analyses results we can make following conclusions. The best group of five countries is characterized by efficient status in both analysed periods 2010 and 2015 (Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Croatia and United Kingdom). The second group contains two countries Germany and Italy. This countries improved status from inefficient in 2010 to efficient in 2015. In the third group are five countries that worsened their status from efficient in 2010 to inefficient one in 2015: Portugal, Malta, Poland, Luxembourg and Netherlands. In last fourth group are all other EU28 countries that were inefficient in both analysed periods 2010 and 2015. In group of V4 countries situation is not optimistic. Poland worsened its status from efficient in 2010 to inefficient one in 2015 and three remaining countries – Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia stagnated in inefficient status in both periods. On the opposite there was not significant difference in super‑efficiencies in 2010 and in 2015 and in their differences between capitalist and post‑socialist EU28 countries.
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Jianbo, Wang, and Xing Cao. "Factors Affecting the Evolution of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation Networks Based on Cloud Computing and Multiagent Simulation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5557606.
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Facing the pressure of low-cost competition brought by the homogenization of commodities, the manufacturing industry seeks to survive by providing services. By providing outsourcing of value-added services to date, we are focusing on innovation in our business model. With the advancement of science and technology, manufacturing innovation is facing higher challenges, especially the popularization of the Internet, which makes the manufacturing industry have to move closer to new industries. Based on cloud computing, this paper conducts a multiagent simulation on the evolution factors of the innovation network of advanced manufacturing. This article takes three types of simulation subjects: evolutionary network, manufacturing (cluster), and innovation evolution system as the research objects. The factors affecting the evolution of the research are innovation resources, innovation opportunities, innovation desire, innovation pressure, relationship strength, network scale, and network scope. Network differences carry over variable indicators and analyze quantitative regression indicators and then build a research model. The research results show that the average conversion efficiency of the manufacturing industry (0.523) is significantly lower than the average R&D innovation efficiency (0.725), which to a certain extent indicates that the manufacturing industry still has weak links in the export conversion stage at the back end of the innovation value chain. Some of the companies may have problems such as low ability to transform scientific and technological achievements and insufficient export competitiveness of high-tech products, which to a large extent affects and restricts the improvement of manufacturing export transformation efficiency.
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Melnyk, Tetiana, Ludmyla Kudyrko, Kateryna Pugachevska, and Iryna Sevruk. "Promotion of Ukraine’s export to China: priorities and institutional framework." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.40.
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In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for promoting the national producer and country’s external expansion require an institutional basis. This paper primarily aims to explore the resource and institutional component in promoting Ukraine’s exports to Chinese market and to identify the level of Ukraine’s export promotion system effectiveness based on combinatorial approach, which includes the calculation of quantitative indicators of foreign trade in the form of international production and marketing cooperation and estimation of qualitative parameters of export promotion effectiveness. The empirical findings indicate following: high dynamism of increasing mutual trade volume; enlargement of trade flows asymmetry caused by the negative trade balance of Ukrainian economy; limited list of commodity groups of Ukrainian exports in mutual trade with China with stable relative advantages; dominance of low-value-added commodities among export priority groups; absence of beneficial effect of such a factor as “long-term partnerships” in the mutual trade flow. The paper reveals that national export promotion system in Ukraine can be characterized by low efficiency and strong potential for growth. The authors emphasize the importance of intensifying the projects and mechanisms of financial and investment support for exporters with increasing the level of their innovative orientation. Prospects for further research in this area are as follows: the assessment of macroeconomic effects from the introduction of export promotion tools for the national economy of countries of origin of goods and importing countries; detection of anticompetitive risks in the implementation of selective support programs for exporters.
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Susetyo, Ferdyan. "THE EFFECT OF TRADE FACILITATION ON TRADE MARGIN OF 8 ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA COUNTRIES (ACFTA): A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH." Journal of Developing Economies 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v1i2.3297.
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Trade facilitation is an effort of simplification and harmonization of international trade procedures. Trade facilitation that manifested in the form of policy packages that aim to reduce trade costs and improve export growth. Export growth can be sourced from the level of diversity of exported goods (extensive margin) and the volume of exported goods (intensive margin). This study aims to analyze the effect of trade facilitation on the extensive and intensive margin of trade eight member countries of ACFTA during the years 2006-2014. Trade facilitation indicators used in this study consisted of exporters and importers port efficiency. This study uses gravity model and estimation techniques Random Effect Model. The results showed that exporter port efficiency have a positive and significant effect on the extensive margin while importer port efficiency has a positive and significant effect on the intensive margin.
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Tolkachev, Sergey, Artem Teplyakov, and Petr Aref’ev. "Macroeconomic efficiency of high-tech industries integration into the global value chains." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/0130010520216.5.
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The issues of determining and assessing the effectiveness of national economic (macroeconomic) industries’ integration into global value chains (GVC) are of great importance in the context of globalization processes revision. The paper provides the criterion basis for assessing comprehensive national economic (macroeconomic) efficiency of high-tech industries participation in GVCs based on the comparison of indicators of downward (Backward GVC) and upward (Forward GVC) industry links in GVCs and the indicator of revealed comparative advantage in trade (RCA). The author proposes and substantiates the criterion of effective macroeconomic integration — a combination in the dynamics of positive RCA and the excess of positive Forward GVC over Backward GVC. Drawing on the analysis of the Trade in Value Added indicators of the OECD database, the author argues that with such combinations the high-tech industry expands in foreign markets due to the outstripping growth of technological conversions with high added value in its territory, which has a beneficial effect on the growth rate of the national value-added indicator in the gross export of manufacturing industry. This expresses the effectiveness of national economic structural shifts, which indicates an increase in high-tech redistributions on the country territory, aimed at exporting products of manufacturing industries. The study reveals the success of the country 'import substitution’ integration model of high-tech industries into GVCs. The analysis concludes with empirical cases from Kazakhstan pharmaceutical industry and digitalization of chemical global TNCs business flows providing a valid criterion for effective macroeconomic integration in GVCs.
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Fatyanov, D. V. "The Information-Analytical Provision of Analyzing the Export-Import Potential of Enterprise." Business Inform 6, no. 521 (2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-6-107-113.
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The article contains theoretical and practical recommendations on analyzing the export-import potential of industrial enterprises in modern conditions; the content of the information-analytical provision for analysis of such a potential is considered. The expediency of organizing the technology of analysis of export-import potential of the enterprise (EIPE) is substantiated according to the following logic of stages: 1) description of this potential on the grounds of signs and formation of a system of indicators; 2) establishing tendencies in changing the values of indicators based on the analysis of their dynamics; 2) comparison of the achieved levels of values with planned or normative (reference), accompanied by the search and detection of reserves and diagnosis of critical situations; 3) determination of the external environmental factors influence; 4) determination of levels of development of structural components of potential on the basis of integral indicators; 5) determination of causal relationships of elemental composition of the potential; 6) determination of the internal environmental factors influence; 7) analysis of dynamics of structural changes in the export-import potential; 8) determination and analysis of reserves for the efficiency of the use of the EIPE; 9) forecasting the values of the EIPE indicators for a better understanding of the changes taking place. In the information provision of analyzing the EIPE it is recommended to include partial and integral indicators that form a hierarchical system of indicators to describe this potential; criteria to determine the degree of achievement of the goal of functioning and development; references of the indicators that allow comparing and carrying out an analysis. The system of signs of the export-import potential in general should be presented as complex and elementary features, namely: signs of structural components of the potential; signs of mechanisms for implementing the potential; signs of processes belonging to the potential; signs of the external environment factors influence on the potential; signs of the internal environment factors influence on the potential. A list of the main analytical tasks in the analysis of export-import potential together with methods of their solution is proposed. Such information and analytical provision represents a scientific basis and has practical significance in the management of the EIPE.
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Veretekhina Svetlana, V. "Mathematical Modeling of Knowledge-Intensive Products Export Energy Costs." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 17 (January 5, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.1.
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This article presents the mathematical modeling of export energy costs. The knowledge-intensive products export energy costs are a set of financial, material, labor costs and resources consumption. Export costs are a multilevel system of indicators. The author sets out the order of mathematical modeling. At the first stage, the main trends in reducing export energy costs are identified. A set of integrated logistics support measures is modeled. The modeling of knowledge-intensive products export energy costs is a system of technical and economic indices and a cost value dependance: Maintenance and Repair, Material and Technical Maintenance, Business Model of After-Sales Service, Formation of the Cost of Insurance and Investment Management Strategy. Formulas, practical calculation examples and graphs are presented. The Ishikawa systematic analysis method is used to visualize data and dependence relations. The author's mathematical modeling of knowledge-intensive products export costs includes the calculation of integrated logistic support costs. Exporting countries require a high level of technical products efficiency. It has been established that "the more complex a knowledge-intensive products is, the higher the reliability of systems is". Reliability indices are basic. The author's scientific study confirms a hypothesis of the knowledge-intensive products export feasibility only with high reliability and efficiency factors. The author developed a set of integrated logistical support measures for knowledge-intensive products.
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Dosi, Giovanni, Federico Riccio, and Maria Enrica Virgillito. "Specialize or diversify? And in What? Trade composition, quality of specialization, and persistent growth." Industrial and Corporate Change 31, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 301–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac008.
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Abstract This paper, using a long-term, product-level, cross-country dataset, analyzes the trade–growth nexus by introducing two novel indicators able to capture demand and supply attributes of countries’ quality of specialization. The Keynesian efficiency index measures demand attractiveness of the export baskets, estimating product-level demand elasticities and weighting them by diversification; the Schumpeterian efficiency index tracks the export baskets’ technological dynamism proxied by product-level patent intensities. These two dimensions of quality of specialization are effective in explaining the rate and volatility of growth and the duration of growth episodes, identified as periods longer than 8 years of 2% average growth and, even more, of exceptional growth episodes ($\geq\,5\%$). Our results, robust to a wide range of control variables, suggest that specialization per sé is detrimental for growth resilience while countries with a diversified export structure specialized either in demand-elastic and technological-dynamic productions are likely to experience longer growth episodes.
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Basu, Chaitali, Virendra Kumar Paul, and M. G. Matt Syal. "PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY RETROFITTING IN MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 2 (March 2019): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.2.109.
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The energy performance of an existing building is the amount of energy consumed to meet various needs associated with the standardized use of a building and is reflected in one or more indicators known as Building Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs). These indicators are distributed amongst six main factors influencing energy consumption: climate, building envelope, building services and energy systems, building operation and maintenance, occupants' activities and behaviour, and indoor environmental quality. Any improvement made to either the existing structure or the physical and operational upgrade of a building system that enhances energy performance is considered an energy efficiency retrofit. The main goal of this research is to support the implementation of multifamily residential building energy retrofits through expert knowledge consensus on EnPIs for energy efficiency retrofit planning. The research methodology consists of a comprehensive literature review which has identified 35 EnPIs for assessing performance of existing residential buildings, followed by a ranking questionnaire survey of experts in the built-environment to arrive at a priority listing of indicators based on mean rank. This was followed by concordance analysis and measure of standard deviation. A total of 280 experts were contacted globally for the survey, and 106 completed responses were received resulting in a 37.85% response rate. The respondents were divided into two groups for analysis: academician/researchers and industry practitioners. The primary outcome of the research is a priority listing of EnPIs based on the quantitative data from the knowledge-base of experts from these two groups. It is the outcome of their perceptions of retrofitting factors and corresponding indicators. A retrofit strategy consists of five phases for retrofitting planning in which the second phase comprises an energy audit and performance assessment and diagnostics. This research substantiates the performance assessment process through the identification of EnPIs.
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V. Nikitin, A., and O. Yu. Antsiferova. "Agroindustrial Sector of the Tambov Region in the System of Providing the Russian Population with Food." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24583.
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The information and analytical materials evaluate the state and efficiency of the agroindustrial complex functioning in the country and in the Tambov Region, its impact on ensuring food and the population’s living standard. The main criterial indicators of the export potential were analyzed in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators for the country and the region. The ways to improve the export potential, as well as to solve the problem of food self-production and to achieve food independence have been offered. The ways to improve the Russian agricultural producers’ competitiveness, to form efficiently functioning agricultural, raw materials and food markets, to increase the profitability of agricultural producers, to create a favorable investment climate, as well as to increase the volume of investments in the agricultural sector of the economy to grow its production have been developed.
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Luthfianto, Aulia, D. S. Priyarsono, and Raul Barreto. "TRADE FACILITATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING EXPORT." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i1.29.
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Penelitian ini menganalisa dampak dari fasilitasi perdagangan pada kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia. Data spesifik dari masing-masing negara baik Indonesia dan tigapuluh mitra dagang utama dari komoditi manufaktur selama periode 2010 hingga 2014 digunakan dalam membangun indikator fasilitasi perdagangan, termasuk langkah-langkah dalam lingkungan kepabeanan dan regulasi, efisiensi pelabuhan, dan infrastruktur di sektor jasa. Hubungan antara kinerja ekspor Indonesia dan indikator tersebut kemudian di estimasi menggunakan gravity model dengan data panel. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa fasilitasi perdagangan dalam lingkungan kepabeanan dari Indonesia dan mitra dagang utama nya berpengaruh besar dan positif terhadap kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara lingkungan regulasi di Indonesia mengurangi arus perdagangan. Kerjasama perdagangan dengan negara-negara ASEAN berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ekspor manufaktur Indonesia. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat disarankan adalah dengan memprioritaskan upaya dalam lingkungan kepabeanan Indonesia dan mitra dagang, melalui peningkatan efisiensi waktu dan biaya yang diperlukan dalam melakukan perdagangan. Selain itu, meningkatkan kerjasama perdagangan dalam kawasan ASEAN akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia.This paper analyzes the impact of trade facilitation on Indonesian manufacturing export performance. Some specific data of Indonesia and thirty countries as Indonesian main trading partners of manufacture commodities over the period 2010 to 2014 were used to construct trade facilitation indicators, including measures in the customs and regulatory environment, port efficiency, and service sector infrastructure. The relationship between Indonesian export performance and these indicators were estimated using a gravity model with panel data. The findings provide some evidence that trade facilitation on customs environment of Indonesia and its trading partners largely and positively affects Indonesian manufacturing export performance, while the Indonesian regulatory environment deters the trade flows. Trade partnerships with ASEAN countries positively and significantly affect Indonesian manufacturing export performance. It is suggested for policy implication to prioritise efforts and development on Indonesian customs environment and its trading partners, through time and cost efficiency to trade. Moreover, Indonesia should generate more trade within ASEAN region which could stimulate a higher export performance.
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Elmuradova, Madina. "CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN." INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 4, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2021-3-11.
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This article outlines special economic zones that play an important role in the socio-economic development of the country, and the use of this term in the reports of influential organizations around the world,as well as changes in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, the factors important for the effective functioning of the special economic zone, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of its activities are systematized and analyzed through the economic indicators of the SEZ "Navoi"Keywords:special economic zone, investment, free economic zone, export, import, efficiency indicators.
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Zerbino, Pierluigi, Davide Aloini, Riccardo Dulmin, and Valeria Mininno. "Towards Analytics-Enabled Efficiency Improvements in Maritime Transportation: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Port." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 4473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164473.
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The current digitalization trend, the increased attention towards sustainability, and the spread of the business analytics call for higher efficiency in port operations and for investigating the quantitative approaches for maritime logistics and freight transport systems. Thus, this manuscript aims at enabling analytics-driven improvements in the port transportation processes efficiency by streamlining the related information flow, i.e., by attaining shorter time frames of the information and document sharing among the export stakeholders. We developed a case study in a mid-sized European port, in which we applied Process Mining (PM)—an emerging type of business analytics—to a seven-month dataset from the freight export process. Four process inefficiencies and an issue that can jeopardize the reliability of the time performance measurements were detected, and we proposed a draft of solutions to cope with them. PM enabled enhancements in the overall export time length, which might improve the vessels’ turnover and reduce the corresponding operational costs, and supported the potential re-design of performance indicators in process control and monitoring. The results answer the above-mentioned calls and they offer a valuable, analytics-based alternative to the extant approaches for improving port performance, because it focuses on the port information flow, which is often related to sustainability issues, rather than the physical one.
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KHOMUTENKO, Vira, Alla KHOMUTENKO, Varvara SVITLOOKA, and Dmytro MOTYHIN. "Theoretical-methodical approaches to assess the effectiveness of the court-expert activities." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/1 (November 21, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(1).7.
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Introduction. In the theory of expertise there is no comprehensive concept of evaluating the effectiveness of court-expert activity in general and the work of a court expert in particular, the corresponding conceptual apparatus of "court-expert efficiency" has not been fully developed and systematized, theoretical and normative criteria and indicators to assess its effectiveness have not been formed. This made it an expedient to conduct a study aimed at determining the criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of court expertise. The purpose of the work is to theoretically justify and develop methodological recommendations related to the formation of a system of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of court-expert activity. Results. The article is devoted to the exploration of theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation of the effecti-veness of the court-expert scientific research institutes (institutions). Criteria have been defined and indicators of effectiveness of court-expert activity have been grouped that related to organizational-managerial, scientific-methodological and informational support, execution of a court experts expertise and providing an conclusion, with selection and training of court- experts. Conclusion. The use of a complex integral indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of court-expert activity and to identify the impact of each direction of activity of research institutes (institutions) of court expertise on the effectiveness as a whole is substantiated.
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WEISS, JOHN. "Trade Reform and Manufacturing Performance in Mexico: from import substitution to dramatic export growth." Journal of Latin American Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1999): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x98005240.
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Since the trade liberalisation of the mid 1980s the trade regime facing Mexican manufacturers has changed dramatically. The economy has moved from one where import substitution behind tariffs and some licensing restrictions was the norm to a highly open trading environment with virtual free trade between Mexico and its largest trade partner the USA and modest tariffs of around 10 per cent with other countries. Since the late 1980s manufactured exports have grown dramatically at one of the fastest rates of any economy, although financed by large capital inflows the net trade balance in manufactures remains negative. This paper surveys the recent evidence on the impact of this liberalisation process on manufacturing performance. Various performance indicators can be used to assess the impact on manufacturing. Here four are discussed: (1) revealed comparative advantage measures of net trade balance; (2) efficiency wage estimates of unit labour costs; (3) total factor growth; (4) export growth. The performance of different branches of manufacturing is examined using these indicators and tests are conducted to establish links between movements in these indicators and the degree of exposure to foreign competition experienced by the various branches. The general conclusion is that the evidence is ambiguous with only some studies supporting the view that the greater the trade liberalisation in a branch the greater will be the subsequent improvement in performance.
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Melnyk, Tetiana, Yuliia Tunitska, and Anna Liubyma. "EXPORT POTENTIAL OF UKRAINIAN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: FACTORS OF FORMATION AND EVALUATION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-5-130-143.
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With the intensification of international integration processes, export potential is the most important factor in the economic growth of states and a condition for equal accession to the world economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of formation and implementation of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, its evaluation, the definition of the place of Ukrainian products on world food markets. Methodology. To achieve the designated objectives, a comprehensive approach was used, which included the calculation of indicators of export potential of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex in international trade with the countries of the world and in comparison with major trading partners through the dynamics and structure of foreign trade, export value per capita, export quota, export share of goods in their production, net export potential coefficient; the ratio of the export quota to the population; the country's export efficiency ratio; the country's participation in the international division of labour; the indicator of comparative (relative) advantages. Research results. It was established that the export potential of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex is formed under the influence of stimulating and restraining factors. During the period under review (2010-2020) high rates of development of foreign trade in agri-food products of Ukraine were revealed, especially with the countries of Asia, Europe and Africa. However, there are also negative trends: strengthening the export potential of the complex at the expense of raw materials and semi-finished products and at the expense of losing positions in the world market of Ukrainian products with high added value; unjustified priority to stimulate export of agricultural products, which confirms the low level of export efficiency, despite the significant activity of Ukraine in the world market compared to partner countries; low level of export potential of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex in comparison with EU countries as a result of technological backwardness of the producer; small list of export agro-industrial commodity groups with sustainable comparative advantages and their low technology in relation to countries of all world regions indicates the low level of development of agriculture and the economy as a whole. In this regard, there is a need for structural reforms in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, strengthening institutional support for the production and export of food products, which contain a high level of added value. Practical implications. The main theoretical provisions and conclusions formulated by the authors can serve as a methodological basis for improving the export strategies of various sectors of the economy. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used to justify the mechanism of formation of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine on the basis of increasing the production of goods with high added value.
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Ryadnov, Alexey I., Olga A. Fedorova, and Angela K. Mamakhay. "Special Indicators of Integrated Efficiency Assessment of Using the Root Crops Cutter." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 48, no. 4 (December 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-45-50.
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Ensuring a stable feed base is one of the most important conditions for intensive livestock farming. Another necessary and obligatory condition is the use of modern methods of feed preparation with the use of highly efficient technical means. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed technical means should be carried out not by one indicator, but by a set of specific indicators combined into a complex criterion, taking into account the importance of all selected private indicators. (Research purpose) The research purpose is selecting the most important specific indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the root crops cutter based on the analysis of scientific papers and the functioning of technical means used for the cutting of root crops for cattle feed. (Materials and methods) The methodological basis for the selection of indicators for a comprehensive effectiveness of the cutter was the effectiveness theory of the technical means. The initial material for determining the specific indicators of an efficiency assessment was their technical characteristics and quality indicators of the technological operation. (Results and discussion) Based on the analysis of research work and production experience, two key groups of indicators were identified for the effectiveness assessment of the cutter. They are the power for cutting – Nизм, labor costs per unit of cutted products – Зт, capacity of the cutter – Wч, operating time for failure – t0, time spent on the elimination of technological malfunctions – tтехнол, specific labor cost of maintenance tуд.ТО, level of juice loss Пс. It was proposed to determine the relative importance of each specific indicator by the method of expert evaluation. (Conclusions) Indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of the use of root crop shredders are economic and quality. The economic indicators were attributed to the power costs for cutting root crops and labor costs during cutting; quality indicators include the productivity of the cutter per unit of time, operating time for failure, time spent on eliminating technological malfunctions, specific labor cost of the cutter maintenance and the level of juice losses.
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Bayyurt, Nizamettin, and Fatma Eban Arıkan . "Good Governance and Agricultural Efficiency." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i1.831.
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This study aims to understand the effects governance indicators on the agricultural efficiency using European countries as a tool. It focuses on the efficiency of EU countries together with Turkey. In the first stage Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index are used to derive efficiency scores and the Total Productivity Change in time for 24 countries during the study period. A panel data Tobit regression is employed in the second stage to assess the key governance indicators explaining the observed variations in the efficiency levels. Four governance indicators namely, voice and accountability control of corruption, government effectiveness and regulatory quality together with the control variables; agricultural exports, education, research and development expenditures are analyzed in this stage. Findings show that the average efficiency of EU countries was slightly increased during the study period. The impact of voice and accountability, the share of R&D in GDP and the share of food products in exports upon the agricultural efficiency are positive whereas the impacts of the share of GDP allocated to education upon agricultural efficiency is negative.
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Gagarina, G. Yu, L. S. Arkhipova, and D. A. Sizova. "Labour Productivity as Indicator of Regional Economy Efficiency." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-6-83-92.
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The interrelation of labour productivity and economic situation in regions of the Russian Federation is really acute in current conditions, when such destructive factors as sanctions, inflation, instability on global markets due to coronavirus epidemic take place. Therefore, the key goal of the research is to estimate labour productivity in regions as a factor of economy efficiency. Among methods of research it is possible to mention comparative analysis of the indicator, typology of regions by a number of parameters in order to identify regional differentiation. It is assumed that the highest labour productivity is typical of raw-materials regions, which specialize on extraction and export of mineral resources. However, we should take into account that natural and climatic factors in this group of regions increase labour costs and therefore, cut labour productivity. The authors show that in regions with conventional specialization on manufacturing industry (when the raw-materials sector retains a certain importance) the said indicator demonstrates a high value, even in spite of some unfavorable trends on labour market. The authors used the following materials and research findings for preparing the article: results of deep interviews of employment service workers in the Ryazan region conducted in 2021 within the frames of the research ‘Digitalization of Labour Market and Employment in Russia: Trends and Mechanisms of Development’; materials of expert discussions and surveys of employment service heads in regions of the Central Federal District within the frames of the research ‘Organizational and Finance Mechanisms to Support Population Employment in 2021-2023, which Aims at Unemployment Reduction’