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1
Kyrpa, М. Ya, and T. M. Lukianenko. "Sowing seed qualities and their determination methods in seed production and certification of maize hybrids." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 8, no. 1 (2024): 54–58. https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0311.
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Topicality. The sowing quality of maize seeds is determined by standardised indicators that do not fully cover the sowing and yield properties of hybrids, resulting in problems with calculating seeding rates and planning the optimal plant density. Purpose. To investigate and establish laboratory quality indicators of maize seeds with a higher level of correlation with field germination and yield. Methods. The laboratory and field, and statistical and mathematical methods were used; in laboratory experiments, seed quality indicators and methods of their determination were studied, and in field trials, the influence of other seed quality indicators on germination and yield of maize hybrids of the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine was determined. Result. Indicators that significantly affect the sowing and yielding properties of maize hybrid seeds have been identified, including germination by cold germination, growth rate and seed evenness. Methods have been developed to determine the above parameters. Germination was determined by the simulation parameters of the period from sowing to seedlings; growth rate – by the number of seeds with a sprout length of 5 cm or more; seed evenness – by the seed weight from two adjacent sieves after separation. The current method for determining seed moisture content was also improved by changing the heat exposure. Conclusions. The new seed quality indicators have a correlation level with field germination of maize hybrids in the range of 0.6–0.75, which should be applied in seed harvesting, processing and storage, and the methods should be used in the seed certification system to improve and expand the scope of analysis and suitability of seeds for sowing. Key words: maize hybrid seeds, quality indicators, methods of determination, seed certification
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Zakiyeva, Araily, Assiya Ansabayeva, Gulim Kamzina, and Akerke Dosmaganbetova. "EVALUATION OF THE SEED QUALITY OF EARLY MATURING SOYBEAN VARIETIES." 3i intellect idea innovation - интеллект идея инновация 1 (2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52269/22266070_2024_1_45.
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The article presents the results of research work carried out to assess the quality of seeds and the quality of crops of fast – maturing oilseed varieties. In particular, such indicators as laboratory germination of seeds, field germination, storage of the plant before harvesting, plant height, oil and akuz content were obtained. In the research work, samples of oilseed varieties Bilyavka, Lybid, Vijn, Tanais, 422, 180/2 were compared according to the above indicators. The results of the study showed that the laboratory germination of seeds in the samples of the compared variety was higher in all, in the range of 90.0 – 97.0%, respectively. The field germination of the studied variety samples did not deviate much from the quality norm specified in the standard. At the same time, the indicator of plant preservation before harvesting gave a high result in samples of 422, 180/2 varieties, which ranged from 86.6 and 80.8%, respectively. In the samples of the studied Variety, the highest fat percentage was observed in the selection number 422 – 22.3 %. In terms of protein content, the studied variety samples entered the low-and medium-level categories. According to this indicator, the highest result was given by 422 breeding numbers, respectively, 38.1 %. The mass of 1000 seeds on average gave an indicator from 131 to 190 g.
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Kichihina, O., O. Demianiuk, N. Kutsenko, L. Havryliuk, and O. Kutsenko. "Influence of storage period on the quality indicators of Astragalus falcatus Lam. seed." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2023.282751.
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Seed storage is the final stage of the technological process of its production, the purpose of which is to ensure the preservation of seed quality from its collection to use. At the same time, the loss of seeds in the process of storage of sowing conditions can cause significant losses both to the direct subjects of seed production of medicinal crops and to producers of medicinal raw materials. At the same time, questions regarding the storage terms of the seeds of sickle-leaved astragalus (Astragalus falcatus Lam.) and the rates of their loss of sowing conditions during storage remain insufficiently defined. The aim of our research was to establish the objective terms of storage of astragalus seeds with maximum preservation of their sowing qualities. The research was conducted for nine years. It was found that the surface gloss is a stable feature for the seeds of astragalus, which was not lost during storage, while the color of the seeds is a relatively unstable feature. During the first two years, no noticeable changes in the color of the seeds were noted. During storage for more than 9 years, the seeds gradually acquired a uniform reddish-brown color from greenish-yellow. The rate of loss of sowing conditions of the seeds of astragalus was determined. Freshly collected seeds were characterized by the maximum germination and hard seed rate, respectively — 84 and 14%. At the same time, the germination energy was 72%. The highest rate of germination energy of few seeds of the second year of storage is 78%. At the same time, the content of hard seeds decreased to 10%, germination decreased to 83%. Therefore, the effect of hard seed on the germination energy indicator is clearly observed, which was 7% lower immediately after harvesting and finishing the seeds compared to the seeds after a year of storage. During four years of storage, the seed germination rate decreased by only 21%, which indicates its gradual loss. The general regularity of the decrease in germination energy is also gradual. Starting from the fifth year of storage, the seeds of the studied sample began to rapidly lose their sowing qualities. Its similarity to the ninth year of storage was only 3%. It was found that the hard seed indicator was completely lost after five years of storage. It was determined that the economic durability of the seeds of the sickle-leaved astragalus is at least four years, and the biological durability lasts for nine years.
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Sirman, Denis Yu. "Seed Germination of Coniferous Introduced Species in the Environment of Central Kazakhstan with Various Stratification and Inclusion of Needle Litter into Substrate." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-1-100-115.
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This study observes the issues of the possible usage of wastes from timber industry in the sprouting of seeds of coniferous plants in the arid climate of Central Kazakhstan. Such treatment of coniferous seeds is easily implementable and cost-effective, compared to the other methods. However, the complex chemical composition of needle litter in the soil substrate has the multifactorial and controversial effects on such indicators as germination energy, seed germination capacity and rest energy. In addition, the article discusses the use of long-term natural seed stratification as an alternative method of planting seeds in forest nurseries. The other studies have shown that natural stratification has a more significant effect on the indicators of seed rest energy and germination energy. However, it should be said that these parameters mostly correlate with the generic assignment of the objects. Thus, representatives of the genera Picea and Abies have more significant rates of germination during spring stratification. Whereas, representatives of the genera Pinus and Pseudotsuga – with natural stratification. This may be the result of their ecological and biological adaptation. The conditions of Central Kazakhstan are characterized by a sharply continental climate, which includes not only a sharp climate change, but also a rather low snow cover and low temperatures. Under these conditions, the seeds of the genera Pinus and Pseudotsuga may have higher adaptive abilities, which may become a further subject of research. At the same time, it was determined that despite the rather convincing data obtained during autumn stratification, the highest results of seed germination in most experimental species were noted during spring stratification, including variation with the use of needle litter. Again, it is not entirely advisable to introduce the use of this method based only on the indicators of seed germination in arid conditions of Central Kazakhstan, since the favorable period for seed germination in this area is unstable from year to year. Thus, based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the most suitable method for germinating seeds of conifers, with some exceptions, is natural stratification. The use of needle litter affects insignificantly the rates of seed germination, and in some cases even suppresses this process.
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Dryha, V. V., V. A. Doronin, Yu A. Kravchenko, H. S. Honcharuk, and V. V. Doronin. "The quality switchgrass depends on the year of vegetation of the culture." Bioenergy, no. 1-2 (November 10, 2023): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290624.
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The purpose of the research was to find out the peculiarities of the formation of seed quality, specifically germination energy, germination and 100 kernel weight of switchgrass, depending on the period of its vegetation.
 Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. It was found that the quality of the seeds did not depend on the year of sowing. On average over four years, germination energy and germination of seeds collected from switchgrass plants sown in 2009 (the 10th year of vegetation) were 64% and 65%, respectively. The same indicators of the plants sown in 2014 (8th year of vegetation) were significantly lower and accounted for 57 and 60%, respectively. In 2016, (3rd year of vegetation) they were significantly higher — 74 and 75%. Study of the factors that affect seed qualityrevealed, that the greatest influence of the ‘vegetation period’ factor was 52.2%, and the influence of the ‘vegetation conditions’ factor was much smaller and amounted to 16.6%. Studies of seed germination by years of vegetation of switchgrass of all sowing years did not reveal a natural decrease of this indicator depending on the year of sowing.
 Conclusions. Germination energy and germination of switchgrass depended not so much on the year of sowing but on the period of vegetation; no regular decrease or increase of these indicators was found. Significantly higher indicators of germination energy and germination were obtained in all years of vegetation from plants sown in 2011 and 2012.
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Popova, E. V., E. G. Arzamasova, and I. V. Shihova. "Quality of Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) seeds of Snezhok variety." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, no. 5 (2022): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.5.675-684.
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The article presents the results of many years of research (2011-2021) on determining the quality of Hungarian clover (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) seeds of Snezhok variety obtained in the conditions of Kirov region (North-East of the European part of Russia). The weight of 1000 seeds averaged 4.16 g with changes over the years from 3.83 to 4.60 g and depended on the amount of precipitation (r = 0.71), the hydrothermal coefficient during the flowering period of grass stands (r = 0.69), average daily and daytime air temperatures during the "flowering-the beginning of maturation" period (r = -0.70). On average, the length of the seeds was 2.45 mm, width – 1.93 mm; thickness – 1.40 mm. According to the ratio of these parameters, the seeds had an ovoid and ellipsoid (elongated) shape. The size of the seed material (integral indicator) did not exceed 2.0 mm. In years with greater moisture availability (98-189 % to the norm) large seeds were formed (from 1.92 to 2.00 mm), with insufficient moisture (64-81 %) ‒ small seeds (1.78 mm). According to the initial germination indicators, all seed material met the requirements of GOST R 52325-2005 and was classified as "original seeds". Germination and germinating energy were 86.7-99.5 and 80.0-97.0 %, respectively, they depended on the average daily air temperature during the "budding-seed ripening" period (r = 0.66 and 0.68) and remained at a high level for the first three to four years of storage. The seed material had mainly a low content of hard seeds (1.5-7.0 %). In some years, the "hard-seeding" of freshly harvested seeds reached 20.0-36.0%, however, after the post-harvest ripening period, it significantly decreased. The freshly harvested seeds had a yellow color, which gradually changed to beige-brown or brown-beige during storage. Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between the color of seeds of different storage periods and germination rates. The presence of a large number of yellow seeds in the batch indicated to their high germinating energy (r = 0.98) and germination (r = 0.95). the predominant content of brown seeds indicated to the loss of seed sowing qualities (r = -0.94 and r = -0.91, respectively).
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Tarasov, S. S., E. V. Mikhalev, E. K. Krutova, and I. V. Predeina. "Features of pea seed germination under the effect of an extract from the mycelium substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 186, no. 1 (2025): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2025-1-27-37.
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Background. The presented study demonstrates the ability of an aqueous extract from the used straw substrate for oyster mushrooms (hereinafter referred to as “the extract”) to regulate pea plant growth and development.Materials and methods. Experimental seeds of the pea cultivar ‘Albumen’ were soaked in 10% and 100% extracts and then cultivated for eight days on a hydroponic medium in the respective extract solutions and on soil (gray forest). The control plants were soaked in tap water, cultivated in it (hydroponics), and watered (soil). The extract’s effectiveness was assessed according to growth indicators, the content of photosynthetic pigments, and the expression of one of the genes encoding ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase (RCA) and two genes encoding isoamylase (ISA-1 and ISA-2).Results. Inhibition of seed germination on the first day under the effect of 10% and 100% extracts was shown. Higher dry matter content and a decrease in the expression of all ISA genes were observed in the day-old germinating experimental seeds, indicating a slowdown in the initiation of seed germination. A decrease in the germination rate was recorded in the seeds cultivated with the 100% extract, while for those germinated with the 10% extract, this indicator did not differ from the control. The content of photosynthetic pigments in the experimental plant groups (100% concentration of the extract) grown in hydroponics was lower, and in those grown on soil, it was higher than in the control samples.Conclusion. The extract in both doses suppressed the germination of pea seeds and inhibited the growth and development of seedlings when cultivated on a hydroponic medium consisting of the extract. However, enhanced growth processes and increased expression of the studied genes were observed when pea plants were watered with the extract in a soil environment.
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Dryga, V., V. Doronin, L. Karpuk, et al. "Sorting of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds by a set of signs." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(167) (December 9, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-50-56.
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The article presents the research results on the efficiency of switchgrass seeds sorting by a set of characteristics – specifc gravity and aerodynamic properties in order to reduce the biological state of seeds dormancy and germination increase signifcantly. It is experimentally proved that sequential seeds sorting in two stages by a set of features – specifc weight on the pneumatic table and aerodynamic properties on the aspiration column provided a signifcant increase in its germination energy, germination and 1000 seeds weight. Sorting of Morozko variety seeds on the pneumatic table ensured obtaining seeds with germination energy and similarity in positions 1 and 2, respectively – 16–19 % and 20–22 %, while in positions 3–5 these indicators were, respectively – 5–13 % and 9–17 %. Re-sorting of these seeds by aerodynamic properties provided an increase in germination energy and seed similarity from the position of the pneumatic table "3", respectively – by 12 and 13 %, the intermediate fraction – by 14–16 %, and waste – by 19–21 % compared to these indicators to sorting, due to the selection of the lung and with lower seed similarity. Sorting seeds by a set of characteristics provided not only an increase in its quality, but also an increase in the yield of more similar seeds. The most effective way to prepare switchgrass seeds for sowing is to sort them by a set of features – specifc weight and aerodynamic properties, which reduces the biological dormancy of seeds, signifcantly increases its germination energy, similarity, 1000 seeds weight and quality seeds. But this measure does not provide a complete solution to reduce the biological state of dormancy of seeds. Key words: seeds yield, aerodynamic properties, specifc gravity, germination energy, similarity, 1000 seeds weight.
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Kyrpa, M. Ya, and N. S. Filipkova. "Seed quality indicators of maize hybrids for long-term storage." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 2 (2022): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0184.
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The research results about the influence of various factors on seed quality of maize hybrids during their long-term storage are presented. The main of them is seed moisture content and a packaging type. These factors largely determine the intensity of physiological and biochemistry processes, acidity, surface microflora affection level, and also influence the seed viability and germination. It was found that the seed moisture content over one year during seed storage in airtight conditions (for example, in plastic bags) ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 %. This indicator did not exceed the critical level, which for maize consist of 15 %. During storage of seeds in paper bags, the seed moisture content ranged from 1.9 to 4.1 %, its maximum was 15.9 %; if in fabric bags, the indicator ranged from 2.8 to 5.1 %, with maximum of 16.8 %. It was established that: firstly, at storage for one year, the seed moisture content largely increased in the winter and spring, reaching a critical level; secondly, during further storage of seeds, namely in the summer, the moisture content was reduced, but did not reach the initial values in the experiment. It was found that the storage longevity of seeds is extended by storage in airtight containers, in par-ticular, in plastic bags, at a seed moisture content of 7–8 and 10–11 %. Under such conditions, for 3–4 years, the seeds have low acceptable acidity, low levels of bacterial and fungal affection, and are fully suitable for sowing, with conditioned laboratory germination and field germination – at 80 % and above. Given the above, the guaranteed term of economic suitability of the seed material of maize hybrids should be no less than 3–4 years. Key words: maize hybrids, quality, seeds, factors and conditions of long-term storage, germination.
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Novikov, Arthur, Siarhei Rabko, Tatyana Novikova, and E. Petrishchev. "The effect of the individual seed mass of Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on 30-day germination in 40-cell SideSlit growing containers." Forestry Engineering Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.2/4.
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The seeds germination of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an important stage of the tree's life cycle and determines the subsequent productivity and survival, ultimately affecting the composition of the plant community. Germination is related to various biological characteristics of seeds, including individual seed mass. The amount of endosperm nutrients contained in sound seeds can determine the energy available for germination. Experimental evidence of the influence of individual seed mass on germination is still quite small. To test the technology of planting material production with a closed root system, taking into account the individual spectrometric and morphometric features of the Negorelskaya variety for each varietal seed of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.), three random sets of 400 de-winged seeds (N = 1200) were sown manually in 40-mesh SideSlit containers of an automated forest nursery. To test the hypothesis about the influence of the individual seed mass of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) varieties "Negorelskaya" on the indicators of its germination in SideSlit containers on the 30th day, a single-factor analysis of variance was used with a check of uniformity according to the Levene's criterion and a posteriori LSD test of averages. The individual mass of the sown seeds varied from 1.0 to 13.3 mg (m ± SD | 60.1 ± 17.5 mg). The average values of the germination index of the seeds of Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) on day 30 in the volume of 6,8,12,16,18,26 SideSlit containers statistically (Levene's criterion 6.35, p = 1.98e-22; ANOVA F-criterion 1.291, p = 0.0139; a posteriori criterion LSD p < 0.05) differ from the indicator in 2,7,10,11,13,19,22,24,26,27,29 containers. The average values of the individual mass of 942 seeds germinated on the 30th day in the cells of SideSlit containers of the automated forest nursery statistically (Levene's criterion 11.317; p = 0.000792; ANOVA F-criterion 12.098; p = 0.000523) differ from the average values of the individual weight of the ungrown 258 seeds of the Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.). In the future, this seed germination on day 50 in SideSlit containers and comprehensive quality indicators of the seedlings, including DQI and RQI, will be studied.
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Cervantes-Machuca, María Mercedes, Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz, J. Raymundo Enríquez del Valle, and Marcos Emilio Rodríguez-Vásquez. "Caracterización morfológica de semillas y eficiencia germinativa de Pinus patula var. longepedunculata y P. pseudostrobus var. oaxacana." E-CUCBA 10, no. 20 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi20.295.
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Pinus patula and P.pseudostrobus are species of great economic importance for different communities in the Oaxaca State due tothe wood quality and wide use in forest commercial plantations and reforestation. The objective of this research was to evaluate themorphological variation of seeds and their germination efficiency of two pine species under greenhouse conditions. In 2022,selected seeds of outstanding phenotypes was obtained from the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas yPecuarias (INIFAP); three seed samples of 10 g per species were made, the number of seeds was counted, and the equatorial (DE)and polar (DP) diameters and shape coefficient (CF=DE/DP) were measured; sowing was carried out in 49 cavity trays with amixture of mountain forest soil, vermiculite®, agrolite® and Peat Moss® with a 4:1:1:2 ratio. Germination was counted daily andvigor indicators were determined: germinative energy (EG), energy period (PE), germinative speed (VG) and germination speedindex (IVG). Data were analyzed using t-Student tests and regression analysis (α=0.05) in the SAS program. Including days aftersowing (DDS) in the model, we found that between 78 and 84 % of the existing variation in the percentage of accumulatedgermination was explained in both species. P.pseudostrobus presented more spherical (CF=0.41) and heavier seeds (24.27 mg)with an energy period of 69 % at 22 DDS; on the other hand, P.patula has elongated (CF=0.31) and light seeds (8.20 mg) with agreater energy period of 83% at 20 DDS. Both species germinate after 15 days; however, P.patula has a higher germination rateand a higher germination percentage, it is necessary to use germplasm from outstanding phenotypes to guarantee the reproductiveefficiency of the seed and subsequent seedling quality.
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Śliwińska, Elwira. "Cell cycle and germination of fresh, dried and deteriorated sugarbeet seeds as indicators of optimal harvest time." Seed Science Research 13, no. 2 (2003): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2003131.
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AbstractSeeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) were collected at weekly intervals from 3 weeks before to 1 week after commercial harvest time, dried and stored at room temperature (18–22°C). Laboratory germination tests and flow cytometric analyses were performed immediately after harvest (fresh seeds) and five times at weekly intervals during storage (dry seeds). After 6 months of storage, seeds were exposed to a controlled deterioration treatment (CD). The proportion of G2nuclei in the embryo was constant in the fresh seeds, regardless of their maturity. It decreased, however, after drying and CD, especially in those seeds harvested before maturation drying had commenced. The proportion of endosperm cells in the seed decreased with maturation, and a further decrease was observed after drying and CD. These observations suggest that nuclei with a higher nuclear DNA content were more sensitive to water stress caused by premature desiccation and to deterioration than nuclei with a lower DNA content. Fresh seeds exhibited some germination, but this increased after drying, suggesting that desiccation induced a switch from the developmental to the germination mode. Germination percentages were the highest in dry seeds collected at the commercial harvest time and a week after. This high germinability coincided with the highest proportion of G2cells in the embryo. It is concluded that flow cytometry provides information about the status of sugarbeet seed maturation, seed quality and storage potential, and can be used for estimation of optimal harvest time.
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Li, Bo, Wenwen Wu, Wenyuan Shen, Fei Xiong, and Kaihua Wang. "Allelochemicals Released from Rice Straw Inhibit Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth." Agronomy 14, no. 10 (2024): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102376.
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Recently, returning rice straw to soil has become a common problem in wheat production because it causes decreased wheat seedling emergence. Allelopathy is an important factor affecting seed germination. However, the effects of rice straw extracts on wheat seed germination and seedling growth remain unclear. Wheat seeds and seedlings were treated with 30 g L−1 of rice leaf extracts (L1), 60 g L−1 of rice leaf extracts (L2), 30 g L−1 of rice stem extracts (S1), 60 g L−1 of rice stem extracts (S2) and sterile water (CK) to study the allelopathic effects of rice straw extracts on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The α-amylase and antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat seeds; the agronomic traits, photosynthetic indicators, and nutrient contents of wheat seedlings; and the phenolic acids in rice stem extracts were determined. Common allelochemicals, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and salicylic acid, were detected in rice stem extracts. Low-concentration rice leaf and stem extracts (30 g L−1) had no effect on the germination rate of wheat seeds. High-concentration (60 g L−1) rice stem and leaf extracts decreased the seed germination rate by 11.00% and 12.02%. Rice stem extract (60 g L−1) decreased the α-amylase activity, and gibberellin content of wheat seeds but increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and malondialdehyde content in wheat seeds. Allelochemicals entered the internal tissues of wheat seeds, where they decreased the gibberellin content and α-amylase activity and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, ultimately leading to an inhibitory effect on seed germination. Rice stem and leaf extracts decreased the SPAD value and photosynthetic indicators of wheat seedlings. Rice stem extract (60 g L−1) decreased the fresh weight and root length of wheat seedlings by 31.37% and 45.46%. Low-concentration rice leaf and stem extract (30 g L−1) had no effect on the nutrient contents of wheat seedlings. Rice leaf and stem extracts (60 g L−1) decreased the nitrogen and potassium contents of wheat seedlings. These results indicated that low-concentration rice leaf and stem extract (30 g L−1) had no effect on wheat seed germination and the high-concentration rice stem extract (60 g L−1) released allelochemicals and inhibited wheat seed germination and seedling growth. These findings provide a basis for the improvement of straw return techniques.
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Исмагилов, Рафаэль, and Rafael' Ismagilov. "VARIABILITY OF SEEDS QUALITY IN THE EAR OF WINTER RYE OF CHULPAN 7 VARIETY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a842e42b327c1.96637506.
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The article presents the results of studies of quality variability of winter rye seeds of Chulpan 7 variety in the ear. The essential variability of seed quality of seeds within the ear has been established. The coefficient of seed quality index variation (germination energy, germination capacity and growth force) is 1.68-12.11%. The nature of the change in the mass of 1000 seeds, the germination energy, germination capacity and the growth force of seeds in the ear of winter rye is subject to a certain pattern. Seedlings from seeds of different parts of the ear according to morphological indicators (number of roots, length and mass of sprouts and roots) also differ among themselves. The quality of the seeds and their productivity is highest in the middle part of the ear and they gradually decrease to the base and apex of the ear.
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Kyrpa, М. Ya, and Т. М. Lukianenko. "Influence of technical and technological indicators on the harvest and post-harvest processing seeds of maize hybrids." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 2 (2022): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0182.
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The research result of technical and technological indicators, which largely characterize the seed condition and quality and allow to optimize the harvest and post-harvest processing of maize seeds, was pre-sented. The harvest and post-harvest processing of seeds are particularly affected by such indicators as: size, uniformity, level of damage, the content of self-hulled seeds in the total mass. In order to optimize the high-quality seed preparation, it is recommended to use for sowing the coarse seeds with a uniformity of more than 80 %. It was found that a uniformity of 80% or less causes the decrease of field seed germination (A) by 2–6 %, the extension of "sowing – full sprouts" period (B) by 6–8 days, and the decrease of index A/B by 32.1–41.0 %. Thus, the low seed uniformity has the negative effect. The indicator of uniformity is controlled by means the seed separation, and it must be at least 81 %. It is not allowed a presence of self-hulled seeds with embryo damage level more than 10 % in the seed material. With a higher content of self-hulled seeds in the total mass, laboratory germination decreases by 5–7 %, field germination – by 10–17 %, growth rate by number of sprouts – by 6–12 %, by sprout weight – by 8.0–11.6 %. To reliably predict the moisture loss rate of seeds at drying, it is proposed to determine the coefficient of the specific seed surface by a ratio of outer surface to volume. We established that an increase in the coefficient of specific surface area from 1.053 to 1.167 mm results to increase the moisture loss rate of seeds by 19.1%, and ears – by 30.9 %. The effectiveness for determination of the seed quality, in particular, its viability was confirmed by the cold test (germination at a temperature of 6–10 ºC). Key words: maize hybrids, technical and technological indicators, seed quality, harvest and post-harvest processing, fraction, cold tes
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Debnárová, G., and Ľ. Šmelková. "Seasonal fluctuation in germination of short and long-term stored Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seeds." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 9 (2008): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2008-jfs.
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Routine laboratory testing is done throughout the year to determine the quality of forest seeds. This raises the question of how the results are affected by possible seasonal effects on germination energy and germination capacity of seeds. To answer this question, fluctuations in germination energy (GE) and germination capacity (GC) of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) seed was determined throughout the year. The test seeds had been stored for either a short time (2 months and 1 year) or a long time (12 and 13 years). Seed testing was done according to ISTA rules two times (in the first year T1 and the second year T2) in each month during a year. Ten seed lots from five Norway spruce seed zones in Slovakia were used for each treatment. Obtained data were processed by analysis of covariance (independent factors – T and months, covariate – altitude of seed origin). The monthly germination indicators were compared to annual average (using absolute differences and relative seasonal indexes). The results showed that GE and GC of short-term stored seeds were 59% and 92%, and 35% and 81% for long-term stored seeds. Compared to the annual average, the monthly germination indicators fluctuated very differently: for GE three times more than for GC, for long-term stored seeds 2–3 times more than for short-term stored seeds. For GE, significant deviations were found in six months during a year (in the range 11–23%), for both variants of seed storage. In contrast, for GC values such deviations were confirmed only for short-term stored seeds in February and March, but the differences (–2%) were very small and can be neglected. For use in forestry practice, three methods that eliminate existing seasonal fluctuations are proposed. Seasonal indexes seem promising since they enable converting the observed germination indicators at any one time to a value characterising the entire year average (formula 3).
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Snigireva, Olga. "Effect of harvesting time on yield and sown quality of spring cereals during storage." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213605001.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to correctly determine the stage of harvesting. To establish full ripeness, it is necessary to accurately identify the period when plastic substances stop entering the grain. All this is necessary for the formation of high-quality grain. Due to the long-term storage of grain, its germination decreases, as there are violations in the processes of metabolism. Therefore, during the storage period, it is necessary to control the quality of the seed material. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of harvesting time and long-term storage of grain for obtaining seed material with high indicators of yield and sowing qualities. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental field and in the laboratory conditions of the FGBNU FANC North-East in 2015-2020. From each variant of the experiment, 1 kg of seeds of the 2015 harvest were stored. Under laboratory conditions, the germination energy and laboratory germination capacity of the seeds were tested. In 2020, field germination and yield qualities of seeds were studied in three-fold repetition on meter plots. During the years of research, changes in the sowing qualities of seeds obtained during storage in 2015 were noted. Seeds from crops that were harvested at the onset of the full ripeness phase and at a grain moisture content of 17 … 20 %, (1), the indicators of germination energy and germination were the highest than when harvested at a later time. A significant decrease in indicators was noted in the cleaning options for 10 and 15 days later than the optimal one. The study of the influence of the harvest year and the duration of seed storage showed that seeds 1 and 2 of the harvest period in 2015 provide a higher yield than seeds 3 and 4 of the harvest period. The use of late-harvest seeds in sowing leads to a decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and the nature of the grain.
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Cîșlariu, Alina G., Ciprian C. Mânzu, and Maria M. Zamfirache. "Habitat requirements and germination performance of some relict populations of Ligularia sibirica (Asteraceae) from Romania." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 3 (2018): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1422.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aims – Ligularia sibirica is a glacial relict plant species in Europe. Its populations are rare and endangered in most of the European localities. Studies on glacial relics are insufficient; among them only a few focus on the population characteristics and their reproductive capacity. We aimed to determine the habitat requirements of L. sibirica populations; which factors affect the reproductive output of the populations and how the interaction of ecological and biological parameters influences their germination capacity.Methods – We described habitat conditions in terms of the Ellenberg indicators (for nitrogen availability, moisture, light, soil reaction, and temperature) in each analysed population. To determine which factors affect the population viability we performed a series of regression analyses. Germination experiment was carried under laboratory-controlled conditions at a 14/10 h. photoperiod and 24/16°C temperature, for 32 days, with cold stored seeds (at 4°C), and seeds stored at room temperature on a different substrate (moist filter paper and oligotrophic soil). The parameters influencing population germination rate were determined with general linear models. Key results – We found that the soil humidity, nitrogen availability, temperature, and lighting are the ecological factors influencing the morphological features of L. sibirica populations. The largest seeds are in the middle part of the inflorescence though this parameter has no influence on germination rate. The seeds germinated better on moist filter paper. Cold stored seeds did not show higher germination rate. Germination increased with the altitude of the populations and the seeds mass, whilst higher values of density had a negative influence on it. Conclusions – Our results suggest that habitat conditions and population characteristics are highly related to the germination success of L. sibirica. The prosperity of a population (expressed by the number of individuals) is not a guarantee of reproductive success, the densest populations having the lowest rates of germination.
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Zheng, Xu, Yuxia Huang, Xinpeng Lin, et al. "Effects of Marquandomyces marquandii SGSF043 on the Germination Activity of Chinese Cabbage Seeds: Evidence from Phenotypic Indicators, Stress Resistance Indicators, Hormones and Functional Genes." Plants 14, no. 1 (2024): 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14010058.
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In this study, the effect of Metarhizium spp. M. marquandii on the seed germination of cabbage, a cruciferous crop, was investigated. The effects of this strain on the seed germination vigor, bud growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese cabbage were analyzed by a seed coating method. The results showed the following: (1) The coating agent M. marquandii SGSF043 could significantly improve the germination activity of Chinese cabbage seeds. (2) The strain concentration in the seed coating agent had different degrees of regulation on the antioxidase system of the buds, indicating that it could activate the antioxidant system and improve the antioxidant ability of the buds. (3) When the concentration of M. marquandii SGSF043 was 5.6 × 106 CFU/mL (average per grain), the effect of M. marquandii SGSF043 on the leaf hormones Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) of Chinese cabbage seedlings was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups, indicating that the strain could optimize the level of plant hormones. (4) M. marquandii SGSF043 could induce the expression of stress-resistance-related genes in different tissue parts of Chinese cabbage and improve the growth-promoting stress resistance of buds. This study showed that M. marquandii SGSF043 could not only improve the germination vitality of Chinese cabbage seeds but also enhance the immunity of young buds. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application potential of Metarhizium marquandii in agricultural production.
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Levchenko, T. M., T. O. Baydyuk, O. M. Veresenko, O. O. Tymoshenko, and A. V. Gurenko. "Sowing qualities of white lupine seeds depending on harvesting time and storage duration." Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2025.01.08.
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Aim. Study of the sowing qualities of white lupine seeds depending on the phases of ripeness and storage duration. Methods. The object of the research for studying the sowing qualities was the seeds of two varieties of white lupine, Snigur and Barvinok. Research to determine sowing qualities depending on the phases of seed ripeness was carried out in 2021-2023, on the duration of storage - during 2017-2025. Plant selection was carried out in four phases of ripeness of white lupine seeds. Seeds of the 2016 harvest were stored for long-term storage in an uncontrolled environment. Analyses to determine germination energy and germination were carried out according to the DSTU 4138–2002 method. Results. Seed moisture content during harvesting in the first phase of ripeness was up to 54.7%, and in the fourth phase – up to 15.3%. The content of hygroscopic moisture during storage varied on average by variety from 10.9% in the seeds of the first phase to – 9.5% in the seeds of the fourth. The quality of seed material improved during the ripening process, and the dynamics of such changes slowed down. The highest quality seeds were obtained in the phase of full ripeness: germination energy – up to 90.1%, laboratory germination – up to 92.4%. During the first three years of storage, a slight decrease in seed quality was observed. After five years of storage, the decrease in seed quality was already more pronounced. Germination energy indicators decreased on average by varieties in the sixth year of storage by 9.2%, and in the ninth year by 20.5% compared to the control. Seed germination during this period decreased from 85.3 to 73.9%, respectively. It was established that white lupine seeds retain economic durability and are suitable for sowing for at least four years. Conclusions. We recommend starting mechanized harvesting of white lupine when the seeds reach full ripeness. In breeding and seed nurseries, individual plant selection can be started from the “yellow root of the seed embryo” phase. White lupine seeds during the first four years of storage in terms of seed germination indicators meet the requirements of DSTU 2240-93 for higher categories.
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Li, Zhenan, Tianyu Zhang, Minyi Zhu, et al. "High-Vigor Seeds Associated with Seed Hardness and Water Absorption Rate in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050712.
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Seed physical properties are stable and visualized, and believed to be reference indicators for screening high-vigor seeds. However, the detailed relationship between seed vigor and its physical properties is not fully understood in rice. To elucidate the relationship mentioned above, seed physical properties such as seed size, hardness, and water absorption rate, and seed vigor indicators including germination rate, salt-stressed germination rate, and drought-stressed germination rate were determined among different rice cultivars. Significant differences in seed vigor indicators and seed physical properties were recorded among different rice cultivars. Germination rate, salt-stressed germination rate, drought-stressed germination rate, seed hardness, and water absorption rate ranged from 32.0 ± 1.7% to 99.7 ± 0.3%, 14.4 ± 2.4% to 99.7 ± 0.3%, 3.3 ± 2.6% to 95.7 ± 2.1%, 69.15 ± 0.15 N to 74.56 ± 0.14 N, and 0.09 ± 0.00 g/h to 0.12 ± 0.00 g/h, respectively. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that seed hardness and water absorption rate were significantly positively related to seed vigor (r = 0.33 **−0.41 **, from 2014 to 2016; r = 0.45 **−0.65 **, in 2021). Moreover, principal component analysis determined that the first principal component explained 91.4%, 90.1%, and 89.9% of the variance of seed physical properties, respectively, and loaded on seed hardness and water absorption rate. These results indicate that seed hardness and water absorption rate can be recommended as efficient indicators for screening rice seeds with high vigor.
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Hacisalihoglu, G., D. H. Paine, M. B. Hilderbrand, A. A. Khan, and A. G. Taylor. "Embryo Elongation and Germination Rates as Sensitive Indicators of Lettuce Seed Quality: Priming and Aging Studies." HortScience 34, no. 7 (1999): 1240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.7.1240.
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High-quality seed lots are required for successful establishment of horticultural crops. Testing methods are needed that can detect the early phases of aging prior to a significant loss in germination. Quality was assessed using both germination speed and uniformity on non-primed and primed, as well as non-aged and aged, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed. Speed and uniformity were quantified using time to 50% (T50) germination and one standard deviation (Tsd), respectively. Embryo elongation was developed as a rapid test by first soaking seeds for 2 hours, then cutting and removing the distal one-third of the seed, and finally observing the percentage of visibly elongated embryos from the seed coverings over time. The mild aging conditions employed in this study (45 °C and 50% relative humidity for up to 21 days) had little influence on viability (germination in all treatments was >98%), but reduced germination rate (increased the time for T50 and Tsd). Primed seeds aged faster than non-primed seeds under the same aging conditions. The percentage of elongated embryos was calculated at hourly intervals after cutting, and treatment differences were observed after a total hydration period of 5 hours. The embryo elongation test detected aging in both primed and non-primed treatments.
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Cîșlariu, Alina, Ciprian Mânzu, and Maria Zamfirache. "Habitat requirements and germination performance of some relict populations of Ligularia sibirica (Asteraceae) from Romania." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. (3) (2018): 314–26. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1422.
Full textAbstract:
<b>Background and aims</b> – <em>Ligularia sibirica</em> is a glacial relict plant species in Europe. Its populations are rare and endangered in most of the European localities. Studies on glacial relics are insufficient; among them only a few focus on the population characteristics and their reproductive capacity. We aimed to determine the habitat requirements of <em>L. sibirica</em> populations; which factors affect the reproductive output of the populations and how the interaction of ecological and biological parameters influences their germination capacity.<b>Methods</b> – We described habitat conditions in terms of the Ellenberg indicators (for nitrogen availability, moisture, light, soil reaction, and temperature) in each analysed population. To determine which factors affect the population viability we performed a series of regression analyses. Germination experiment was carried under laboratory-controlled conditions at a 14/10 h. photoperiod and 24/16°C temperature, for 32 days, with cold stored seeds (at 4°C), and seeds stored at room temperature on a different substrate (moist filter paper and oligotrophic soil). The parameters influencing population germination rate were determined with general linear models. <b>Key results</b> – We found that the soil humidity, nitrogen availability, temperature, and lighting are the ecological factors influencing the morphological features of <em>L. sibirica</em> populations. The largest seeds are in the middle part of the inflorescence though this parameter has no influence on germination rate. The seeds germinated better on moist filter paper. Cold stored seeds did not show higher germination rate. Germination increased with the altitude of the populations and the seeds mass, whilst higher values of density had a negative influence on it. <b>Conclusions</b> – Our results suggest that habitat conditions and population characteristics are highly related to the germination success of <em>L. sibirica</em>. The prosperity of a population (expressed by the number of individuals) is not a guarantee of reproductive success, the densest populations having the lowest rates of germination.
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LEAL, LAURA C., MARCOS V. MEIADO, ARIADNA V. LOPES, and INARA R. LEAL. "Germination responses of the invasive Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae): comparisons with seeds from two ecosystems in northeastern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 3 (2013): 1025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013000300013.
Full textAbstract:
Life history traits are considered key indicators of plant invasibility. Among them, the germination behavior of seeds is of major relevance because it is influenced by environmental factors of invaded ecosystem. Here, we investigated how seed traits and seed tolerance to environmental factors on seed germination of Calotropis procera vary depending on the invaded ecosystems in northeastern Brazil. We have tested seeds from two vegetation types – Caatinga and Restinga – to different levels of light intensity, salinity, and water stress. Previous to those experiments, seed-set and morphometric analysis were carried out for both studied populations. We have observed a higher seed-set in Caatinga. Seeds produced in this ecosystem had lower seed moisture content. Seeds from Restinga showed lower germination time when light intensity decreased. We observed a reduction in both the germinability and the synchronization index with decreasing osmotic potential and increasing salinity. Nevertheless, both populations exhibited changes in photoblastism when seeds were submitted to water and saline stress. In conclusion, C. procera seeds are tolerant to environmental factors assessed. That characteristic ensures the colonization success and wide distribution of this plant species in the studied ecosystems.
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Zhao, Xuheng, Yixiang Wang, Fangfang Cao, et al. "Understanding the Impact of Sheep Digestion on Seed Germination in the Cold Desert Annual Diptychocarpus strictus with Emphasis on Fruit and Seed Heteromorphism." Life 14, no. 2 (2024): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14020235.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds from Diptychocarpus strictus, a plant species inhabiting the cold desert pastoral area of China. Furthermore, this study sought to evaluate the germination potential of these seeds following digestion by sheep. This study employed the sheep rumen fistula method to simulate rumen digestion at various time intervals. Subsequently, an in vitro simulation method was utilized to simulate true gastric and intestinal digestion after rumen digestion. Paper germination tests were then conducted to assess the impact of the digestive process on the heteromorphic seed morphology and germination. During rumen digestion, the seeds were protected by wide wings. The results revealed a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between seed wing length and digestion time. Post-rumen digestion, variations in the germination rate among seeds from fruits at different locations were observed. Indicators, such as germination rate, exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with rumen digestion time (p < 0.01). In vitro simulated digestion tests demonstrated that Diptychocarpus strictus seeds retained their ability to germinate even after complete digestion within the livestock’s digestive tract. The polymorphic nature of Diptychocarpus strictus seeds, coupled with their capacity to survive and germinate through the digestive tract, facilitates the spread of these seeds. This finding has implications for mitigating desert grassland degradation and promoting sustainable ecological development.
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Yerbolova, L., S. Baizhumanova, A. Rakhatkyzy, et al. "EFFECTIVE CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF MALUS SIEVERSII FROM SEEDS." Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.3.
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Wild apple tree, Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. is a valuable genetic resource that requires various methods of conservation. The influence of various concentrations of hormones on the regeneration of wild apple from seeds under in vitro conditions was studied to create an optimal regeneration system. Seeds of Malus sieversii, prior to introduction into in vitro culture, were stratified in various substrates for 1,5 months under conditions of low temperature and relatively high humidity to accelerate seed germination and increase their germination. Using various concentrations of hormones, an efficient method for the regeneration of Malus sieversii obtained from seeds in in vitro culture has been optimized. The best indicators of shoot development were on C9 nutrient medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of BAP and NAA, respectively. The introduction of 1.2 mg/l of IAA and 1 mg/l of NAA into the rooting medium resulted in a significant increase in the number of roots, the length of the root and shoot in the studied sample of M. sieversii.
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Mykolaiko, I. I. "Improving the quality of mustard seeds during pre-sowing preparation." Bioenergy, no. 1 (May 5, 2024): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47414/be.2024.no1.pp22-25.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. With the introduction of modern technologies for growing seeds of agricultural crops, the requirements for the quality of seed material are increasing, without which it is impossible to use advanced technologies of growing. Therefore, the development and improvement of ways to improve the quality of seeds during their pre-sowing preparation is relevant for all crops, since modern technologies provide for sowing at the final density. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to determine the efficiency of sorting mustard seeds by specific gravity depending on varietal characteristics. Methods. Laboratory, measuring-weighing, correlation-regression and mathematical-statistical. The results. The article presents the results of a study on the efficiency of seed sorting by specific gravity on a pneumatic table with the aim of increasing its similarity of different varieties of mustard, with unchanged longitudinal and transverse angles of inclination of the working surface of the pneumatic table and a frequency of oscillations of the working surface of 486 oscillations per minute ensured a reliable increase in the quality of seeds – mass 1000 seeds, germination energy and germination compared to the control. Germination energy and germination of the prepared seeds increased by 4 and 3 %, respectively (NIP0.05 = 2.7 for germination energy and 1.7 % for germination), compared to the control, while seeds with a germination energy of 91 % entered the intermediate fraction (position 3) and 79% (position 4). Seeds from position 3 should be re-sent to sorting, and seeds from position 4 should be sent to waste. A similar increase in the mass of 1000 seeds was observed, which increased, the seeds prepared for sowing, and the mass of 1000 seeds fell into the intermediate fraction, which was smaller than in the control. Correlation-regression analysis revealed a strong direct correlation between the weight of 1000 seeds and germination energy and between the weight of 1000 seeds and similarity with a correlation coefficient of 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. Conclusions. In the sorting mode with small angles of inclination of the working surface of the pneumotable and 486 oscillations/minute on average for all grades with negligible deviation – 86.8% of seeds with the highest quality indicators were obtained. Varieties responded differently to seed sorting. The energy of germination and germination of the prepared seeds of most varieties was 98–99 %, and the Pidpecheretska and Oslava varieties were maximum and amounted to 100 %.
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Madiyeva, A. N., and M. M. Silantiyeva. "The effect of bubbling on the germination of Sudan grass seeds." Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series” 11529, no. 3 (2024): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024bmg3/51-57.
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In the article the results of experiments to study the effect of bubbling on the germination of Sudan grass seeds before and after cryopreservation were presented. The obtained statistical data were processed using the R-studio program. We calculated the indicators of humidity and germination energy of Sudan grass seeds, and determined the statistically reliable significance between the control and experimental varieties. To conduct the experiment, a bubbler installation was created from a cylindrical container filled with water and a bubbler to supply oxygen. The results of pre-sowing seed treatment were obtained for 4 varieties of Sudan grass: Nika, Tugai, Alina, Novosibirskaya 84. Bubbling increases seed germination compared to the control by 13 % for the Nika variety, by 7 % for the Novosibirskaya 84 variety. While bubbling after cryopreservation significantly reduces the germination of seeds in the Tugai variety by 25 %, in the Alina variety by 32 %, in the Novosibirskaya 84 variety by 33 %, and in the Nika variety by 7 %. Thus, bubbling, in general, had a positive effect on the germination of Sudan grass seeds and may be one of the methods of pre-sowing seed treatment. As a recommendation for improving the germination of Sudan grass seeds, we suggest using bubbling without cryopreservation.
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Murzabulatova, F. K., and N. V. Polyakova. "BIOLOGY OF SEEDS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GENUS HYDRANGEA L. IN THE SOUTH URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN (UFA)." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 1 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-1-13-18.
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The morphology and sowing qualities of 7 types of hydrangea from the collection of the South Ural Bo-tanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS were studied. The studies were carried out according to stand-ard methods. Is determined the mass of 1000 pieces seeds of each species, seed quality (germination en-ergy and germination in laboratory and soil conditions), the nature of seed germination, as well as their sowing qualities after different storage periods. It was found that the representatives of the Heteromallae subsection are characterized by heavier and larger seeds (the maximum weight of 1000 pieces of seeds is 0.06-0.09 g) compared with the representatives of the Americanae subsection (weight of 1000 pieces is 0.02 g). In addition, representatives of the Heteromallae subsection, with the exception of H. paniculata, showed consistently high rates of germination (72.3-85.8%) and germination energy (63.3-78.1%) under laboratory conditions; with soil sowing, these indicators are also significantly higher than that of repre-sentatives of the Americanae subsection.
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Upadhayay, Lalit, R. Singh, Ashish Tewari, Swati Bisht, and Shruti Shah. "Seed maturation indicators in Bauhinia retusa Ham. in Kumaun Central Himalayas." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 4 (2006): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-cc6l1c.
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The present study was undertaken to ascertain the regeneration potential and pod/seed maturation time in Bauhinia retusa. The pods of the species were collected from two locations. The change in pod colour from green to dark red and the seed colour from green to whitish brown is a useful indicator of maturity. Other indicators of maturity appear to be change in pod size, seed size and moisture content of seeds. When mean pod size ranged between 72.17± 0.45 and 75.05±0.25 and seed size between 3.5 ± 0.19 and 3.70 ±0.22 maximum germination occurred. The seed moisture content was 41.48 ±3.03% at Site-1 and 40.65 ± 1.05% at Site-2, which coincided with maximum germination.
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Li, Xian-Qin, Yu-Zhuo Wen, Chun-Hui Huang, Meng-Yun Tang, Wei-Xin Jiang, and Tian-Dao Bai. "Genetic Diversity, Mating System, and Seed Viability Reveal a Trade-Off between Outcrossing and Inbreeding in Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia, an Ecologically Important Conifer Species Growing in a Hot-Dry River Basin Habitat in Southwest China." Forests 15, no. 6 (2024): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060982.
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Revealing the relationship between the mating system (i.e., the outcrossing/inbreeding degree) and the fitness of seeds in tree species under wild conditions is essential for understanding the ecological adaptability and evolutionary stability of the species. This study collected open-pollinated seeds from seven wild populations of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia that exhibited fragmentation in the Nanpan–Hongshui River basin, an ecologically fragile area in China. The seeds and sprouts (germinated seeds) from 20 families were genotyped (24 seeds and 24 sprouts per family) using twelve microsatellite loci to reveal the genetic diversity, mating status, and effect of inbreeding on the three seed quality indicators (thousand-seed weight, germination rate, and germination potential). The three seed quality indicators differed significantly between families (p < 0.001). Higher values of genetic diversity (except the observed heterozygosity) were observed in the sprout group than those in the seed group. Families from different populations showed a notable genetic differentiation (Φst = 0.12), and a large part of families from the common populations had a high degree of coancestry, which signified that the current habitat fragmentation is limiting gene flow between populations. High levels of outcrossing rates (tm) were observed in both the seed group (tm = 0.974) and the sprout group (tm = 0.978), indicating that a low proportion of seeds were self-fertilized. Although there was a slightly higher single outcrossing rate (ts = 0.888) and a lower proportion of biparental inbreeding (tm − ts = 0.077) in sprouts compared to the seeds (ts = 0.871, tm − ts = 0.091), indicating that a part of inbred seeds were purged during the germination stage, curve fitting between the outcrossing rate and seed quality indicators showed that a certain degree of biparental inbreeding (ts between 0.89 and 0.91 and tm − ts between 0.09 and 0.11) did have a positive effect on seed germination ability. This highlights that excessive inbreeding or outbreeding seems to be unfavorable to seed viability. The peculiar relationship between seed viability and the mating system in P. yunnanensis var. tenuifolia was likely an evolutionary consequence of a trade-off between the nature of mixed mating and its specific ecological niche.
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Silva, Ana Paula de Oliveira, Isabella Sousa Ribeiro, Tathiana Elisa Masetto, and Luiz Carlos Ferreira Souza. "Physical and physiological changes of Crambe abyssinica Hochst seed during maturation." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 42 (August 24, 2020): e49895. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.49895.
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Determination of seed-maturation indicators enables the identification of the ideal moment for harvest to achieve the best production and conservation potential. Our objective here was to evaluate some physical and physiological changes of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds as possible indicators of seed maturation. Crambe flowering was monitored in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Plants were tagged, and 13, 22, 26, and 28 days after the initiation of flowering, the seeds were collected and following physical attributes evaluated: length, diameter, total mass, dry matter and water content. Physiological quality of the seeds was assessed using the germination test, by registering the percentage of normal seedlings and dormant seeds, immediately after each harvest, and again after six months of storage. The water-absorption curves were characterized as a function the seed-development stages. All physical attributes were observed to increase because of the accumulation of reserve substances during seed development, except for water content, which gradually decreased from 72.2% at the start of development to 29.5% at maturity. At 28 days after anthesis the germination percentage of crambe seeds at physiological maturity was only 17%, indicating that they became dormant while maturing. However, seed germination rate was 89% after six months of storage, indicating that dormancy was almost fully overcome after this period.
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Madiyeva, Aida Narimanovna, and Marina Silantyeva. "Study the germination of seeds of Sudanese grass (Sorghum × drummondii) treated by ethylene glycol and propylene glycol cryoprotectants." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 109, no. 1 (2023): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg1/76-83.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted at an objective study of the seeds of Sudanese grass for cryopreservation and viability of seeds. Laboratory studies were carried out on 4 varieties of Sudanese grass: Nika, Tigai, Novosibirskaya 84, and Alina. The results showed that cryopreservation had a positive effect on germination rates. Thus, in the Tugay variety, the best germination rates of 99 % were observed in the variant with cryopreservation with defrosting of seeds in a water bath. A positive effect was also noted for the variety Novosibirskaya 84, where cryopreservation during defrosting of seeds at room temperature increased germination by 7 % and amounted to 89 %. For varieties Nika and Alina, cryopreservation had the opposite effect, the indicators decreased by 27 %, by 10 %, respectively, compared with control. Under conditions of seed defrosting at room temperature, cryopreservation with ethylene glycol and propylene glycol had a positive effect on the germination of seeds for all varieties, with the exception of the Alina variety, where its germination did not differ significantly from the control. Cryopreservation using ethylene glycol under conditions of seed defrosting at room temperature showed that for the Tugay variety the recommended concentration of the cryoprotectant is 5 % and 10 %. The germination rate was 98 %, and the germination energy was 99 % and 96 %, respectively. Ethylene glycol concentration of 20 % significantly reduced the germination rate and amounted to 47 %. For the Nika variety, we recommend using a concentration of 15 %; but the concentration of 10 %, the germination rate is lower and amounts to 58 %. Almost 100 % germination were observed in the Novosibirskaya 84 variety at concentrations of 5 % and 20 %. Thus, the recommended method for thawing Sudan grass seeds after cryopreservation using ethylene glycol and propylene glycol cryoprotectants is thawing at room temperature. These results can be used to create a cryo collection of Sudan grass seeds.
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Petrushkevich, Yu M. "The seed production and sowing seed quality of Betula pendula Roth. in the Kryvyi Rih plantations." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 47 (November 29, 2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441805.
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We investigated the seed production and sowing seed quality from eight plantations of Betula pendula Roth., which are subject to the negative influence of exhaust gases of motor vehicles and emissions from industrial enterprises in Kryvyi Rih. In seven plantations, we revealed such changes in some morphometric parameters of female catkins: decreasing length of the petiole to 21.4 % (to 1.3 times), and the length of the catkin to 10.8 % (to 1.1 times), as well as the width of the catkin to 33.3 % (to 1,5 times); increasing of the quantity of seeds in catkins to 43.5 % (to 1.4 times) compared to the control, except the plantings near "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih", where the quantity of seeds was 21.1 % lower than in the botanical garden; increasing quantity of scales in all sites to 32.0 % (to 1.3 times); reducing percentage of pure seeds to 2.7 %; declining weight of 1000 seeds up to 20,3 % (to 1,3 times), and seed adequacy to 60 % (to 2.5 times); lowering germinative energy up to 92.9 % (to 14 times), and seed germination to 94.4 % (to 17.7 times). All these changes are due to increasing level of technogenic pollution. We ascertained that additional effect is caused by geographical location of plants and climatic factor. The seed adequacy, germinative energy, and seed germination are most sensitive indicators, which can be used for the environmental assessment.
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Suprun, N. A., E. V. Malaeva, and S. A. Shumikhin. "FEATURES SEED REPRODUCTION OF HEDYSARUM GRANDIFLORUM PALL. EX SITU AND IN VITRO." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 4 (2020): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-4-286-293.
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Hedysarum grandiflorum samples were collected from 7 natural populations of the Volgograd, Samara and Lugansk People's Republic and the features of seed reproduction were studied under ex situ and in vitro conditions. The optimal temperature for seed germination and the dependence of germination and seed vigor on the storage were revealed. We observed the maximum germination rate in the scarified seeds of H. grandiflorum of 2018 collection and it was equal to 70%.It was found that the seed germina-tion and seed vigor are low and quickly decrease with years of storage, while their scarification allows to increase these indicators. It is noted that the relatively low germination of the studied seeds is leveled by the rather high productivity of species in general. The optimal mode of sterilization of H. grandiflorum seeds was experimentally determined - 10% Lysofornin® 3000 solution for 5 minutes. The percentage of sterile seedlings was 60%.
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Ņečajeva, Jevgenija, Māra Bleidere, Zaiga Jansone, Agnese Gailīte, and Dainis Ruņģis. "Variability of Seed Germination and Dormancy Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Latvian Avena fatua Populations." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020235.
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Avena fatua is an economically detrimental weed found in cereal growing areas worldwide. Knowledge about the variation of dormancy and germination characteristics, as well as of the genetic diversity and structure can provide additional information about different populations within a region. Identification and development of potential indicators or markers of seed germination behavior, would be useful for modelling emergence and seed bank dynamics. This study aimed to describe the initial germination, dormancy, and morphological characteristics of seeds from different Latvian populations of A. fatua and to investigate the genetic structure of local populations. Seed samples from 26 to 41 locations in different regions of Latvia were collected over three years. Seed morphology, initial germination, and the effect of dormancy-breaking treatments were determined. Seeds from 18 Latvian populations with contrasting seed dormancy characteristics were genotyped. Although morphological differences between seeds from different regions were revealed, genetic analysis of the selected populations indicated that the population structure was not related to geographical location, which probably reflects the impact of anthropogenic dispersal of A. fatua seeds. The effect of dormancy-breaking treatments varied between years, between climatic zones and between populations, indicating environmental influences as well as inherited dormancy.
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Pyatina, I. S., and A. A. Reut. "Biology of seeds of some representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, no. 1 (2022): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022030.
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The results of studying the morphology and germination of seeds of 7 species of the genus Hemerocallis L. (H. citrina, H. dumortieri, H. esculenta, H. lilioasphodelus, H. middendorfii, H. minor and H. thunbergii) introduced in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis-Ural are presented. The morphology of seeds (color, shape, size) is described. It is shown that the seeds are round-ovoid, slightly angular, black, glossy, shiny; surface is flat and smooth. The average value of seed length in species varied from 4,5 to 6,4 mm, width - from 3,1 to 4,7 mm. A morphometric difference in the size and weight of seeds from different populations was revealed. The studied features are of taxonomic significance and can be used to determine the species of daylilies. It is noted that the seeds of the studied species are characterized by shallow endogenous physiological dormancy. It was revealed that the indicators of seed germination depend on the species characteristics and germination conditions. In general, the germination rate of the species was 8,3-95,0 %. It was established that after 60 days of seed stratification at a temperature of 3-4 °C, the germination rate in most daylilies increased by 1,2-1,8 times. The results obtained can be used in breeding and ontogenetic studies during the introduction of representatives of the genus complex Hemerocallis.
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Turan, Jan, Vladimir Višacki, Sanja Mehandžić, Pavol Findura, Patrik Burg, and Aleksandar Sedlar. "Sowing Quality Indicators for a Seed Drill With Overpressure." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 6 (2014): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061487.
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The main goal of sowing is the distribution of seeds at an optimal depth with adequate seed spacings. The results of the optimal sowing, in both horizontal and vertical directions, are better germination and sprouting, as well as increased yield and reduced influence of plants on each other’s space for growing, regarding the available light, nutrients and moisture. Quality of horizontal and vertical seed distribution is influenced by the distance between rows, sowing depth, pre-sowing preparation, seed drill, seeding mechanism, sowing density, and operator’s skills. The arithmetic mean of spacing (Am), standard deviation for spacings between the plants (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) are usually used for representation of sowing evenness. Assuming that the seeds are of good germination quality, the yield is directly dependent on the sowing quality and organization of plants per unit of surface area. A well prepared plot was sown with 20 corn seed hybrids from different FAO maturity groups. The sowing was performed with precision pneumatic seed drill INO Becker Aeromat 2, which ejects individual seeds by using the overpressure.After sprouting, no statistically significant differences were found between the sowing of hybrids from different FAO maturity groups and their characteristics. When the yield is concerned, biological characteristics of hybrids are much more influential than the quality of sowing. This is true only if the tractor implement for wide row planting is properly adjusted.
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Kabanova, Svetlana Anatolyevna, Valery Anatolyevich Bortsov, and Matvey Anatolyevich Danchenko. "Adaptation of foreign technologies of intensive cultivation of scots pine planting material in Kazakhstan." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 15, no. 1 (2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2020-15-1-40-50.
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The purpose of the research was the adaptation of foreign technologies for intensive and accelerated cultivation of Scots pine planting material in Kazakhstan. Objects of research were annual seedlings of scots pine in forest nurseries of Pavlodar, Akmola, and North Kazakhstan regions. The experiments were established in 4 directions: application of dry growth regulators to soil, pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators, soaking seeds in stimulants and fungicide, pre-sowing watering of the soil with growth regulators. It was established that seed quality decreased significantly compared to the last year, only seeds from Pavlodar region had high indicators. Seeds from the nursery ‘Ertic Ormany’ had the highest average indicators of soil germination (58.7…67.8%). In ‘Bukhpa’, the highest germination was observed in seeds soaked with Zircon + Trichocin (3 + 2 hours). Baikal growth regulator and AridGrow slightly increased germination in the nursery of Arykbalyk branch of ‘Kokshetau’. In the forest nursery ‘Ertis Ormany’, the highest annual seedlings were obtained in variants with presowing treatment of scots pine seeds with stimulants and watering the soil with growth substances. The average height of experimental seedlings was 4.32 and 4.64 cm, respectively. The combined use of Zircon and Trichocin increased seedling growth in ‘Bukpa’ nursery to 1.42 cm, which was the highest value. It was revealed that the technologies used in neighboring countries for intensive cultivation of scots pine seedlings showed a positive effect only when using Citovit. According to other experiments, it was determined that seedlings of scots pine grown from seeds with pre-sowing treatment in Gumat+7 for 12 hours had the best growth indicators in height. Increased soil fertility through applying nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizers, soil activator AridGrow and KZ Cultury significantly accelerated growth of scots pine seedlings.
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Ivanova, A. Yu. "Laboratory germination and seed vigor of species and varieties of the genus Pennisetum Rich." Agrarian science, no. 3 (March 20, 2025): 104–9. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-392-03-104-109.
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Relevance. In the harsh continental climate of the south of the Amur region, many species/ cultivars of ornamental grasses do not have time to go through all phenological phases of development. Seed propagation of cereals is difficult. Growing plants from seeds of your own reproduction allows you to obtain plants that are more adapted to local growing conditions. We were the first to study the quality of seeds of species and cultivars of the genus Pennisetum Rich., introduced in the south of the Amur region.Materials and methods. The material for the study was seeds of Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., P. villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. and 6 cultivars of P. glaucum R.Br. 2020–2023 years. The initial introduction material was obtained from Russian online stores and through exchange with foreign botanical gardens. Seeds of own reproduction were collected in 2021–2023. On the basis of the UNI “Collection of plant genetic resources of the AB BGI FEB RAS” from July to September. Germination energy and seed germination according to the recommendations of M.M. Ishmuratova and K.G. Tkachenko (2009) and GOST 12038-84. Weight of 1000 seeds according to GOST 12042-80.Results and conclusions. P. setaceum had a high germination rate over four years of research. The highest germination rates for P. villosum seeds were noted in 2021–2022. P. glaucum varieties are characterized by opposite indicators of laboratory germination and high variability of the weight of 1000 seeds over the years, which shows the dependence of varieties on fluctuations in weather conditions.
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Maressa Hungria de Lima e Silva, Ingrid, Arthur Almeida Rodrigues, Juliana de Fátima Sales, et al. "Fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and seedlings." PeerJ 10 (May 17, 2022): e13434. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13434.
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Background Fluoride (F) is one of the main environmental pollutants, and high concentrations are commonly detected in the air and in both surface and groundwater. However, the effects of this pollutant on seed germination and on the initial growth of crop seedlings are still poorly understood. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess morphoanatomical, physiological and biochemical fluoride effect indicators in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds and seedlings. Methods P. vulgaris seeds were exposed to a liquid potassium fluoride solution (KF, pH 6.0) at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 mg L−1 for 7 days. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of four treatments with four replications each. During the experimental period, physiological (7 days) anatomical and histochemical (2 days), biochemical and chemical (4 days) assessments. An analysis of variance was performed followed by Dunnett’s test. to determine significant differences between the KF-exposed groups and control seeds; and a multivariate analysis was performed. Results The germination parameters, and anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of the seedlings did not show negative effects from exposure to KF at the lowest doses evaluated. On the other hand, treatment with the highest dose of KF (30 mg L−1) resulted in a lower germination rate index and increase in abnormal seedlings, and higher electrical conductivity. A lower root length, magnesium content and photochemical efficiency were also observed. The exposure of P. vulgaris to KF, regardless the dose did not affect seeds anatomy and the accumulation of starch and proteins, in relation to the control group. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that P. vulgaris seedlings were tolerant to KF solutions up to 20 mg L−1, and sensitive when exposed to 30 mg KF L−1.
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Bryndina, L., and A. Korchagina. "Utilization of wastewater pollution in plant growth biostimulants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012003.
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Abstract The Voronezh Region is a highly developed agro-industrial complex that exerts a burden on the environment. The article deals with the disposal of wastewater pollution with the production of technological products. The aim of the study was to create a biostimulator of plant growth from the waste water of a meat processing plant by enzymatic hydrolysis with the addition of 5% of a consortium of microorganisms from the intestines of pigs and to study its properties on the seeds of Scots pine. The resulting hydrolysates have a high biological value with a complete amino acid composition. The biostimulator contains 92.52% amino acids. Identification of growth stimulation of seed sowing qualities was determined in the laboratory. The results of the experiment show that in the control sample, the seeds were soaked with distilled water, the germination energy was 71.3%, and the laboratory germination rate was 82%. When studying the prototype impregnated with a biostimulator, the germination indicators were: germination energy 85.3%, germination 93.3%. The resulting amino acid biostimulator increased the shelf life of seeds by 11.3%. The biostimulator helped to increase the quality class of seeds, which allows to reduce the seeding rate per unit area during sowing and reduce costs.
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Vostrikova, T. V., M. A. Bogomolov, S. M. Medvedeva, A. Yu Potapov, and Kh S. Shikhaliev. "Sugar beet hybrids based on cytoplasmic male sterility and their useful properties." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 62, no. 3 (2024): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2024-62-3-214-223.
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The study was made during 2017–2020 in Central Black Earth (as basis), some Russian regions and in Kazakhstan. The main indicators were “yield”, “sugar content”, “sugar yield”, which were determined by traditional methods. То improve sowing properties of male sterile (MS) component, seeds were treated with synthesized organic compounds: 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 2-benzylamino-4-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid. An increase of seed germinative energy, seed germination, seedling length, and mass of 100 seedlings in the experiment as compared to the cont rol (%) were calculated. A positive effect from seed treatment on their sowing qualities and a stimulation of growth indicators was revealed in all variants of using the dihydroquinoline and the pyrimidine-carboxylic acid. A high level of monogermity (98–100 %) was noted in obtained hybrids. Studied hybrids show a higher level of main indicators: “yield”, “sugar content”, “sugar yield” compared to the standard. The treatment of uncoated sugar beet seeds with the pyrimidine-carboxylic acid provides an increase in seed germination energy by 29–55 %, seed germination by 25–53 %, average seedling length by 43–70 %, weight of 100 seedlings by 61–80 % compared to the control. Studied substances can be accepted as growth stimulants for sugar beet in laboratory and in field. Using CMS allows to create heterotic hybrids with the complex of economically valuable properties quicker compared to the traditional selection. This research provides obtaining hybrids on a sterile basis and study their useful properties. The results presented in the paper can be applied in the production process of sugar beet hybrids.
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Sedaeva, Mariya I., Aleksandr K. Ekart, and Anna N. Kravchenko. "Reproductive Indicators of Nasczokin’s Lime (Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov)." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 10, 2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-1-65-76.
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Tilia nasczokinii Stepanov (Naszokin’s lime) is endemic to the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and is of relict origin. Two of its populations grow in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk on the left and right banks of the Yenisey River, being a part of pine forests and mixed pine-deciduous herb forests. The total number of the species is about 500 plant units, of which only 43 plants are currently bearing fruit. This research has determined the sizes and qualitative characteristics of T. nasczokinii fruits and seeds. The lime-capsules of T. nasczokinii, for 2 populations in general, have had the length of 5.7 ± 0.026 mm and the width of 5.0 ± ± 0.017 mm. The seeds have had the length of 3.6 ± 0.019 mm and the width of 2.9 ± 0.015 mm. It has been established that the lime-capsules in the left bank population are characterized by an elongated pear-shaped form, while in the right bank population the lime-capsules are spherical and slightly pointed at the top. In terms of the size of lime-capsules and seeds, T. nasczokinii did not differ statistically from the introduced T. cordata, which grows in the plantation under similar environmental conditions. In the left bank population, the masses of lime-capsules (18.3 g/1000 pcs.) and seeds (11.9–12.7 g/1000 pcs.) have turned out to be noticeably less than in the right bank population (lime-capsules – 24.8–29.9 g/1000 pcs., seeds – 16.1–18.0 g/1000 pcs.). In the left bank population, up to 60 % of the lime-capsules have been seedless and up to 43 % of the seeds have been empty. Seed viability has been equal to 17–32 %.In the right bank population, most of the lime-capsules have contained seeds (up to 91 %), and the proportion of empty lime-capsules has been small (up to 18 %). Seed viability has been equal to 66–83 %. Field germination of the seeds has been equal to 9.2 % (for some trees – up to 10.5 %) in the left bank population and 12.2 % (up to 21.1 %) in the right bank population. Despite the low field germination of the seeds in both populations, it is possible to obtain seed planting stock for creating artificial plantings of T. nasczokinii in order to preserve and restore the population of this rare relict species in the south of Central Siberia.
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Давлетов, Фирзинат, Firzinat Davletov, Карина Гайнуллина, Karina Gaynullina, Ильсияр Ахмадуллина, and Il'siyar Ahmadullina. "IMPACT OF HARVESTING TERMS AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSING ON CROP AND SOWING QUALITIES OF PEAS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 3 (2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a1fe7d8dc3742.44030900.
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Peas – the main leguminous culture in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The productivity characteristics of peas are determined by such key indicators, as the volume of 1000 seeds, the specific weight, the weight of 1000 seeds, the germination energy and capacity. We conducted an assessment of pea seeds quality, depending on skewing, the humidity of the seeds during threshing, and also selected from the lower, middle and upper beans. The features of growth, development and elements of the crop structure of grown plants from these seeds were studied. Field experiments were conducted in the laboratory of selection and seed-growing of leguminous crops of Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture; laboratory analyzes and statistical analysis of data - at the Soil science, Botany and plant breeding Department of Bashkir State Agrarian University in 2014-2016. The soil of experimental sites are represented by carbonate chernozem. Experiments were laid in triplicate. The registration area of the plots was 150 square meter. During the years of research the meteorological conditions were contrasting. The objects of research were highly productive varieties of pea Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangildin. It was found that the best time to start skewing these varieties of peas for grain comes when the ripening of of beans is 60-70%. Threshing peas with a moisture content of seeds above 19-20% led to a decrease in their germination. Also, our studies showed that the quality of seeds from plants, grown from the seeds of the upper beans, was lower than that of the middle and lower beans. Seeds proved to be of different quality not only in terms of the volume of 1000 seeds, specific gravity and weight of 1000 seeds, but also in productivity. According to the energy of germination and germination, pea seeds, depending on the location of the beans on the plant, did not have significant differences.
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Nazarova, Natalia M. "Seeds of Syringa vulgaris L. as a possible object for phytoindication studies of urban environment in Orenburg." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 18, no. 3 (2023): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-3-350-360.
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Urbanized environment is considered as a stressor for individual plants and their communities that form green frame of the city. Changes in structure of plant populations in cities are analyzed as an important indicator of environmental quality. Therefore, phytoindication of quality of the environment in conditions of the city is currently becoming relevant in the context of its optimization. The purpose of the research was to study biometric parameters and seed germination of Syringa vulgaris L., growing in areas with increased anthropogenic pressure in comparison with a conditionally clean area. Within the framework of this work, morphometric parameters of lilac seeds growing in areas with a high level of anthropogenic pollution were described. Indicators of reproductive ability of lilacs (laboratory and soil germination) were assessed. According to the results of the observations, it was established that the biometric parameters of S. vulgaris seeds are not indicative and cannot be used in assessing the quality of the environment. The data obtained during laboratory and soil germination of S. vulgaris seeds can be used to characterize the ecological state of sampling areas. Under more favorable environmental conditions (control), germination is much higher than under anthropogenically modified environmental conditions. Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment of laboratory and soil germination, the following distribution of the administrative districts of Orenburg was established according to the degree of anthropogenic pollution (from the most clean to the most environmentally unstable): Zauralnaya Grove Industrial District Dzerzhinsky District Leninsky District Central District.
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Forti, Chiara, Ajay Shankar, Anjali Singh, Alma Balestrazzi, Vishal Prasad, and Anca Macovei. "Hydropriming and Biopriming Improve Medicago truncatula Seed Germination and Upregulate DNA Repair and Antioxidant Genes." Genes 11, no. 3 (2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030242.
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Seed germination is a critical parameter for the successful development of sustainable agricultural practices. While seed germination is impaired by environmental constraints emerging from the climate change scenario, several types of simple procedures, known as priming, can be used to enhance it. Seed priming is defined as the process of regulating seed germination by managing a series of parameters during the initial stages of germination. Hydropriming is a highly accessible and economic technique that involves soaking of seeds in water followed by drying. Biopriming refers to the inoculation of seeds with beneficial microorganism. The present study aims to investigate whether hydropriming and biopriming could enhance seed germination. Thereby, the germination of Medicago truncatula seeds exposed to hydropriming and/or Bacillus spp. isolates was monitored for two-weeks. The seeds were sown in trays containing two types of in situ agricultural soils collected from Northern India (Karsara, Varanasi). This region is believed to be contaminated by solid waste from a nearby power plant. Phenotypic parameters had been monitored and compared to find the most appropriate combination of treatments. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of specific genes used as molecular indicators of seed quality. The results show that, while hydropriming significantly enhanced seed germination percentage, biopriming resulted in improved seedling development, represented by increased biomass rather than seedling length. At a molecular level, this is reflected by the upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage repair and antioxidant defence. In conclusion, hydropriming and biopriming are efficient to improve seed germination and seedling establishment in soils collected from damaged sites of Northern India; this is reflected by morphological parameters and molecular hallmarks of seed quality.
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Lin, Qingzhi, Yaling Yang, Muzheng Hao, et al. "The Effects of Mother Tree Size and Flowering Period on Salt Tolerance of <i>Tamarix Austromongolica</i> Seeds in the Yellow River Delta." American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 12, no. 3 (2024): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.17.
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&lt;i&gt;Tamarix austromongolic&lt;/i&gt;a is a two-season flowering plant with a spring and summer flowering period and both flowering periods produce viable seeds, with flowering extending from mid-May to October and seed maturation from mid-June to October. In order to reveal the germination pattern of &lt;i&gt;T. austromongolica&lt;/i&gt; seeds in the Yellow River Delta region, this study investigated the salt tolerance of seeds of different age mother trees during the spring and summer flowering periods in the region. Spring and summer flowering seeds of different ground diameter mother trees in the &lt;i&gt;T. austromongolica&lt;/i&gt; forest in the region were collected and subjected to seed germination experiments under different concentrations of NaCl solution. The results showed that the diameter grade of the mother tree had a significant impact on seed germination, but had no significant effect on early seedling growth (except for the root length of offspring seedlings during the summer flowering period). As the diameter level of the mother tree increases, the germination rate, germination index, and vitality index of seeds during the spring flowering period first increase and then decrease, with the highest values observed at a ground diameter of 10.0-19.9cm. However, the above indicators of summer flowering seeds gradually decreased with the diameter increasing. There were significant differences in salt tolerance of seeds during different flowering periods. The germination rate and germination index of spring flowering seeds significantly decreased between 11‰ and 15‰, but the effect of salt concentration on summer flowering seed germination was not significant. For the early growth of seedlings, as the salt concentration increased, the root length and seedling height of seed offspring seedlings during spring and summer flowering periods decreased after being higher than 5‰. Compared with spring flowering seeds, summer flowering seeds had higher germination ability and seedling weight under salt stress. Therefore, the salt tolerance of the seeds of &lt;i&gt;T. austromongolica&lt;/i&gt; was determined by the size of the mother tree and the flowering period, which is an important strategy for its adaptation to the Yellow River Delta region.
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Yue, Gaohong, Ruichun Yang, Dan Lei, Yanchao Du, Yuliang Li, and Faqiang Feng. "Physiological, Biochemical, and Ultrastructural Changes in Naturally Aged Sweet Corn Seeds." Agriculture 14, no. 7 (2024): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071039.
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Due to low starch content and poor seed vigor, sweet corn seeds exhibit poor storage stability. Therefore, understanding the physiological and biochemical changes in seeds after natural aging is crucial for assessing seed status and extending the storage period. This study aims to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in aged seeds of different genotypes. An eight-month natural aging experiment was conducted on 10 sweet corn inbred lines. The results showed an obvious decrease in germination potential, germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index after natural aging, and two inbred lines with stronger tolerance to natural aging were identified from the 10 inbred lines studied. In aged seeds, levels of gibberellin, abscisic acid, total protein, total starch, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipoxygenase, and amylase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, exhibited significant differences among inbred lines. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among four seed vigor indices and a highly negative correlation between seed vigor indices and MDA content. Germination ratio, germination index, and vigor index displayed a highly negative correlation with lipoxygenase activity. Furthermore, starch granule decomposition was observed in the endosperm of low-vigor inbred lines, contrary to amylase activity. Thus, this study indicates variations in seed vigor, biochemical indicators, and the ultrastructure of aged sweet corn seeds among different genotypes. Both lower lipoxygenase activity and reduced MDA accumulation contribute to seed resistance to aging.
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Korol'kova, Nadezhda, Natal'ya Igorevna Cherkashina, and Elena Viktar'evna Guseva. "Sowing characteristics of agricultural crops using innovative fertilizer complexes." Agrarian Bulletin of the 24, no. 05 (2024): 580–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-05-580-592.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the obtained fertilizers on the sowing characteristics of agricultural seeds. The article presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of the use of organic fertilizers on crops of cumin, carrots and corn. To obtain organic fertilizers based on vermicompost (V) and chicken droppings (CD) in different, cavitation treatment technology was used. To identify competitiveness, the effectiveness of the influence of the obtained organic fertilizers based on vermicompost and chicken manure was compared with certified fertilizers “Sila Rosta” and “Riverm”. Results and practical significance. According to the results of the experiment, the following patterns were revealed: for carrot seeds, based on germination energy and germination, the best indicators were achieved when treated with a fertilizer based on vermicompost; for cumin seeds, based on germination energy, the best indicators were achieved when treated with a fertilizer based on chicken droppings, and organic fertilizers of the “Sila Rosta” and vermicompost brands gave priority to germination results. The results were also obtained on the basis of an increase in the biomass of aboveground organs and an increase in root length, patterns were revealed for the proposed concentrations of chicken droppings. Scientific novelty. The resulting organic fertilizer based on chicken droppings increases the germination energy and germination for carrots and cumin, and also provides the greatest increase in the biomass of sprouts for cumin and corn, and roots for carrots and corn. Fertilizer from vermicompost is characterized by the highest efficiency in assessing the sowing qualities of carrots.