Dissertations / Theses: 'Indice visuel'

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Jouvin-Marie, dit Dinard Fanny. "Stratégies d'exploration visuelle : processus de sélection des indices visuels pertinents pour l'action." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1500.

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L'exploration visuelle peut être envisagée comme un bon modèle pour l'étude des relations perception action. Dans cette perspective, nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux processus de sélection des indices visuels. Afin de sélectionner l'information pertinente, l'individu met en place de véritables stratégies d'exploration visuelle pouvant être mises en évidence au moyen de patrons oculaires représentant la succession chronologique des mouvements des yeux. L'analyse des mouvements oculaires permet en partie de mettre en évidence les processus cognitifs sous-tendant les stratégies de recherche perceptive. Les facteurs déterminant les stratégies d'exploration visuelle, sont liés à la structure de la scène visuelle mais aussi à des caractéristiques propres à l'individu telles que ses représentations. Certaines, comme l'intention ou le but, sont primordiales dans l'élaboration des stratégies. Quatre expérimentations en laboratoire sont mises en place pour documenter l'effet de ces facteurs sur l'exploration visuelle. Nos résultats permettent d'avancer que les stratégies perceptivo-motrices sont chaque fois élaborées de manière cohérente avec le but poursuivi dans une situation donnée. Elles sont dépendantes de l'intention d'action, de la congruence et de la spécificité de l'action par rapport à l'environnement. De plus, un but implicite suffit à leur mise en place même si une assignation explicite de ce but les rend plus efficaces

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Bertrand, Raphaëlle. "Maintien à court terme de l'information chez l'enfant de 2 à 6 ans : oubli temporel et aide au maintien du but." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL023/document.

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La mémoire de travail est un composant essentiel de la pensée qui est fortement impliquée dans les apprentissages et la réussite scolaires. Pourtant, elle est rarement étudiée chez l’enfant d’âge préscolaire, du fait notamment d’un manque de paradigmes adaptés. Cette thèse visait donc à étudier le fonctionnement de la mémoire de travail chez cette population, soit entre 2 et 6 ans. Pour cela, deux paradigmes originaux ont été utilisés. Ils ont été conçus pour être proches de situations de jeux, propices à aider le jeune enfant à focaliser son attention sur la tâche. Ainsi, il a tout d’abord été montré que les performances de rappel diminuaient au fil du temps, et ce, même en l’absence de tâche interférente. Les enfants de cette tranche d’âge opèrent donc un maintien passif de l’information, i.e. sans mise en œuvre spontanée de stratégie de maintien de l’information. De plus, le déclin de l’information était similaire au travers de l’âge. Pour la première fois, il a donc été mis en évidence que la vitesse d’oubli de l’information ne variait pas entre 2 et 6 ans. Finalement, aucun de ces deux facteurs, i.e. mise en œuvre de stratégie de maintien de l’information et modification de la vitesse d’oubli de l’information, ne peut être avancé pour expliquer l’augmentation des capacités mémorielles entre 2 et 6 ans. Ensuite, il a été montré que les caractéristiques intrinsèques de la tâche pouvaient conduire à une amélioration des performances de rappel, peut-être par la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie de maintien. Notamment, la réalisation d’une activité motrice, i.e. marche durant le délai de rétention, a permis à ces jeunes enfants de contrecarrer dans une certaine mesure l’oubli temporel de l’information. La mise en œuvre d’une activité motrice, en dirigeant l’attention du jeune enfant vers un indice visuel du but à atteindre, aiderait celui-ci à maintenir le but de la tâche en mémoire. Les ressources attentionnelles ainsi dégagées pourraient être mises au service d’une amélioration des performances de rappel, peut-être par la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie de maintien
Working memory is an essential component of thought that is highly involved in learning and academic achievement. However, it is rarely studied in preschoolers, mainly because of a lack of suitable paradigms. Therefore, this thesis investigated the functioning of working memory in children between 2 and 6 years. For this purpose, two original paradigms were used. They were designed to be close to game situations which should help young children to focus their attention on the task. Firstly it was shown that the recall performance decreased over time, even in the absence of an interfering task. Children of this age therefore use a passive maintenance, i.e. without spontaneously implementing any strategy of maintenance. Furthermore, the decline of the information was similar through age. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the rate of information forgetting did not vary between 2 and 6. Finally, none of these two factors, i.e. implementation of a strategy of maintenance and change in the speed of forgetting can explain the increase in memory capacity between 2 and 6 years of age. Secondly, it has been shown that the intrinsic characteristics of the task could lead to improved recall performance, perhaps by inducing a strategy of maintenance. Particularly, the implementation of a motor activity, i.e. walking during the retention period, has enabled these young children to counteract to some extent the temporal decay of information. Then, the implementation of a motor activity, by directing the attention of young children to a visual cue related to the goal of the task, help them to maintain in memory the purpose of the task. Attentional resources could be harnessed to improve performance of recall, perhaps by implementing a retention strategy

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Nébouy, David. "Printing quality assessment by image processing and color prediction models." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4018/document.

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L'impression, bien qu'étant une technique ancienne pour la coloration de surfaces, a connu un progrès considérable ces dernières années essentiellement grâce à la révolution du numérique. Les professionnels souhaitant remplir les exigences en termes de qualité du rendu visuel de leurs clients veulent donc savoir dans quelle mesure des observateurs humains sont sensibles à la dégradation d'une image. De telles questions concernant la qualité perçue d'une image reproduite peuvent être séparées en deux sujets différents: La qualité de l'impression, comme la capacité d'un système d'impression à reproduire fidèlement l'image d'origine, et la qualité d'une image imprimée, résultant à la fois de la qualité de reproduction, mais aussi de la qualité même de l'image numérique d'origine. Ce premier concept repose sur une analyse physique de la façon dont l'image d'origine est dégradée lors de son transfert sur un support, et nous proposons de la coupler avec une analyse sensorielle, visant à évaluer des attributs perceptuels et leur donner une valeur sur une certaine échelle, déterminée par des échantillons de référence classés par un ensemble d'observateurs. Le second concept inclut cette dégradation due à l’impression mais aussi la qualité perçu de l’image d’origine, qui ne fait pas parti de notre étude. Notre approche consiste d'abord à définir les différents indices de qualité, basés sur des critères mesurables en utilisant des outils d'évaluation basés sur des algorithmes "objectifs" de traitement d'image et des modèles optiques, sur une image imprimée-scannée. Thèse réalisée au Laboratoire Hubert Curien
Printing, though an old technique for surface coloration, considerably progressed these last decades especially thanks to the digital revolution. Professionals who want to meet the demands in terms of quality regarding the visual rendering of their clients thus want to know to which extent human observers are sensitive to the degradation of an image. Such questions regarding the perceived quality of a reproduced image can be split into two different topics: the printing quality as capacity of a printing system of accurately reproduce an original digital image, and the printed image quality which results from both the reproduction quality and the quality of the original image itself. The first concept relies on physical analysis of the way the original image is deteriorated when transferred onto the support, and we propose to couple it with a sensorial analysis, which aims at assessing perceptual attributes by giving them a value on a certain scale, determined with respect to reference samples classified by a set of observers. The second concept includes the degradation due to the printing plus the perceived quality of the original image, not in the scope of this work. In this report, we focus on the printing quality concept. Our approach first consists in the definition of several printing quality indices, based on measurable criteria using assessment tools based on “objective” image processing algorithms and optical models on a printed-then-scanned image. PhD work made in Hubert Curien Laboratory

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Lévesque, Daniel. "Indices visuels de profondeur liés à la diffusion de la lumière." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4651.

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Le phénomène de la diffusion de la lumière par les particules du milieu dans lequel elle se propage révèle des indices visuels nous permettant de déduire certains renseignements relatifs à la scène observée. En se basant sur un modèle de diffusion simple de la lumière, ce mémoire explore les rares travaux qui ont déjà été accomplis dans ce domaine et propose une méthode novatrice permettant de déduire la structure tridimensionnelle d’une scène à partir de deux images captées dans des conditions de visibilité différentes. Nous présentons de plus, deux nouvelles méthodes servant à repérer les contours d’occultation à partir de ces mêmes images. L’originalité des méthodes proposées repose sur une approche basée sur l’étude des contrastes, en particulier comment ceux-ci sont affectés par un changement des conditions de visibilité, tandis que les méthodes existantes utilisent plutôt les intensités. À l’aide d’images de scènes synthétiques et de scènes réelles, nous produisons des résultats expérimentaux validant nos travaux. En outre, les conditions dans lesquelles les méthodes proposées s’appliquent sont balisées à l’aide d’études d’influence des paramètres et du bruit.

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Ebrahimi, Shahin. "Contribution to automatic adjustments of vertebrae landmarks on x-ray images for 3D reconstruction and quantification of clinical indices." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0050/document.

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L’exploitation de données radiographiques, en particulier pour la reconstruction 3D du rachis de patients scoliotiques, est un prérequis à la modélisation personnalisée. Les méthodes actuelles, bien qu’assez robustes pour la routine clinique, reposent sur des ajustements manuels fastidieux. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse vise à la détection automatisée de points anatomiques spécifiques des vertèbres, permettant ainsi des ajustements automatisés. Nous avons développé premièrement une méthode originale de localisation de coins de vertèbres cervicales et lombaires sur les radiographies sagittales. L’évaluation rigoureuse de cette méthode suggère sa robustesse et sa précision. Nous avons ensuite développé un algorithme pour le problème pertinent cliniquement de localisation des pédicules sur les radiographies coronales. Cet algorithme se compare favorablement aux méthodes similaires dans la littérature, qui nécessitent une saisie manuelle. Enfin, nous avons soulevé les problèmes, relativement peu étudiés, de détection, identification et segmentation des apophyses épineuses du rachis cervical dans les radiographies sagittales. Toutes les tâches mentionnées ont été réalisées grâce à une combinaison originale de descripteurs visuels et une classification multi-classe par Random Forest, menant à une nouvelle et puissante approche de localisation et de segmentation. Les méthodes proposées dans cette thèse suggèrent un grand potentiel pour être intégré à la reconstruction 3D du rachis, utilisée quotidiennement en routine clinique
Exploitation of spine radiographs, in particular for 3D spine shape reconstruction of scoliotic patients, is a prerequisite for personalized modelling. Current methods, even though robust enough to be used in clinical routine, still rely on tedious manual adjustments. In this context, this PhD thesis aims toward automated detection of specific vertebrae landmarks in spine radiographs, enabling automated adjustments. In the first part, we developed an original Random Forest based framework for vertebrae corner localization that was applied on sagittal radiographs of both cervical and lumbar spine regions. A rigorous evaluation of the method confirms robustness and high accuracy of the proposed method. In the second part, we developed an algorithm for the clinically-important task of pedicle localization in the thoracolumbar region on frontal radiographs. The proposed algorithm compares favourably to similar methods from the literature while relying on less manual supervision. The last part of this PhD tackled the scarcely-studied task of joint detection, identification and segmentation of spinous processes of cervical vertebrae in sagittal radiographs, with again high precision performance. All three algorithmic solutions were designed around a generic framework exploiting dedicated visual feature descriptors and multi-class Random Forest classifiers, proposing a novel solution with computational and manual supervision burdens aiming for translation into clinical use. Overall, the presented frameworks suggest a great potential of being integrated in current spine 3D reconstruction frameworks that are used in daily clinical routine

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Folio, David. "Stratégies de commande référencées multi-capteurs et gestion de la perte du signal visuel pour la navigation d'un robot mobile." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172507.

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La synthèse de lois de commande efficaces apparaît comme un enjeu important dans la réalisation autonome de tâches de navigation robotiques. Ce problème peut être abordé par différentes approches. L'une d'entre elles, la commande référencée capteur, permet de définir les boucles de commande directement à partir des mesures sensorielles au lieu de les exprimer en fonction de l'état du robot. Dans ce contexte, du fait de la richesse du signal vidéo, la vision apparaît comme un capteur privilégié pour la réalisation de tâches très variées de manière précise. Cependant, la commande référencée vision reposant sur la seule régulation des indices visuels dans l'image s'avère mal adaptée pour réaliser des tâches de navigation complexes dans des environnements encombrés d'obstacles. En effet, dans ce cas, il est nécessaire de garantir d'une part la sécurité du robot, et d'autre part la disponibilité permanente des indices visuels dans l'image. Ce sont précisément ces problèmes que nous avons voulu étudier dans le cadre de cette thèse. Notre contribution a consisté à définir des stratégies de commande référencées multi-capteurs pour un robot mobile réalisant une tâche référencée vision dans un environnement encombré d'obstacles susceptibles d'occulter le motif visuel. Nous avons tout d'abord proposé des lois de commandes permettant d'éviter à la fois les occultations et les collisions. Toutefois, les résultats obtenus ont montré que chercher à éviter simultanément ces deux phénomènes surcontraignait le mouvement du robot, limitant la gamme des missions réalisables. Nous avons alors développé une seconde approche consistant à tolérer temporairement la perte du signal visuel. Celle-ci repose sur l'exploitation de la réversibilité du lien vision/mouvement exprimé par le torseur d'interaction. Nous avons ainsi proposé dans un cadre général plusieurs méthodes (analytiques et numériques) de reconstruction du signal visuel lorsqu'il devient indisponible. Nous avons ensuite validé ch acune de ces méthodes dans le cas de la réalisation d'une tâche de navigation référencée vision dans un milieu encombré d'obstacles. Nous avons également montré l'intérêt de nos approches lorsque la caméra présente un défaut de fonctionnement pendant l'exécution d'une mission.

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Hussain, Sabit ul. "Machine Learning Methods for Visual Object Detection." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENM070/document.

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Le but de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes pratiques plus performantes pour la détection d'instances de classes d'objets de la vie quotidienne dans les images. Nous présentons une famille de détecteurs qui incorporent trois types d'indices visuelles performantes – histogrammes de gradients orientés (Histograms of Oriented Gradients, HOG), motifs locaux binaires (Local Binary Patterns, LBP) et motifs locaux ternaires (Local Ternary Patterns, LTP) – dans des méthodes de discrimination efficaces de type machine à vecteur de support latent (Latent SVM), sous deux régimes de réduction de dimension – moindres carrées partielles (Partial Least Squares, PLS) et sélection de variables par élagage de poids SVM (SVM Weight Truncation). Sur plusieurs jeux de données importantes, notamment ceux du PASCAL VOC2006 et VOC2007, INRIA Person et ETH Zurich, nous démontrons que nos méthodes améliorent l'état de l'art du domaine. Nos contributions principales sont : – Nous étudions l'indice visuelle LTP pour la détection d'objets. Nous démontrons que sa performance est globalement mieux que celle des indices bien établies HOG et LBP parce qu'elle permet d'encoder à la fois la texture locale de l'objet et sa forme globale, tout en étant résistante aux variations d'éclairage. Grâce à ces atouts, LTP fonctionne aussi bien pour les classes qui sont caractérisées principalement par leurs structures que pour celles qui sont caractérisées par leurs textures. En plus, nous démontrons que les indices HOG, LBP et LTP sont bien complémentaires, de sorte qu'un jeux d'indices étendu qui intègre tous les trois améliore encore la performance. – Les jeux d'indices visuelles performantes étant de dimension assez élevée, nous proposons deux méthodes de réduction de dimension afin d'améliorer leur vitesse et réduire leur utilisation de mémoire. La première, basée sur la projection moindres carrés partielles, diminue significativement le temps de formation des détecteurs linéaires, sans réduction de précision ni perte de vitesse d'exécution. La seconde, fondée sur la sélection de variables par l'élagage des poids du SVM, nous permet de réduire le nombre d'indices actives par un ordre de grandeur avec une réduction minime, voire même une petite augmentation, de la précision du détecteur. Malgré sa simplicité, cette méthode de sélection de variables surpasse toutes les autres approches que nous avons mis à l'essai. – Enfin, nous décrivons notre travail en cours sur une nouvelle variété d'indice visuelle – les « motifs locaux quantifiées » (Local Quantized Patterns, LQP). LQP généralise les indices existantes LBP / LTP en introduisant une étape de quantification vectorielle – ce qui permet une souplesse et une puissance analogue aux celles des approches de reconnaissance visuelle « sac de mots », qui sont basées sur la quantification des régions locales d'image considérablement plus grandes – sans perdre la simplicité et la rapidité qui caractérisent les approches motifs locales actuelles parce que les résultats de la quantification puissent être pré-compilés et stockés dans un tableau. LQP permet une augmentation considérable de la taille du support local de l'indice, et donc de sa puissance discriminatoire. Nos expériences indiquent qu'elle a la meilleure performance de toutes les indices visuelles testés, y compris HOG, LBP et LTP
The goal of this thesis is to develop better practical methods for detecting common object classes in real world images. We present a family of object detectors that combine Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) features with efficient Latent SVM classifiers and effective dimensionality reduction and sparsification schemes to give state-of-the-art performance on several important datasets including PASCAL VOC2006 and VOC2007, INRIA Person and ETHZ. The three main contributions are as follows. Firstly, we pioneer the use of Local Ternary Pattern features for object detection, showing that LTP gives better overall performance than HOG and LBP, because it captures both rich local texture and object shape information while being resistant to variations in lighting conditions. It thus works well both for classes that are recognized mainly by their structure and ones that are recognized mainly by their textures. We also show that HOG, LBP and LTP complement one another, so that an extended feature set that incorporates all three of them gives further improvements in performance. Secondly, in order to tackle the speed and memory usage problems associated with high-dimensional modern feature sets, we propose two effective dimensionality reduction techniques. The first, feature projection using Partial Least Squares, allows detectors to be trained more rapidly with negligible loss of accuracy and no loss of run time speed for linear detectors. The second, feature selection using SVM weight truncation, allows active feature sets to be reduced in size by almost an order of magnitude with little or no loss, and often a small gain, in detector accuracy. Despite its simplicity, this feature selection scheme outperforms all of the other sparsity enforcing methods that we have tested. Lastly, we describe work in progress on Local Quantized Patterns (LQP), a generalized form of local pattern features that uses lookup table based vector quantization to provide local pattern style pixel neighbourhood codings that have the speed of LBP/LTP and some of the flexibility and power of traditional visual word representations. Our experiments show that LQP outperforms all of the other feature sets tested including HOG, LBP and LTP

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Ghazali, Naqibah Binti. "An investigation of visual field asymmetry indices for detecting early Primary Open Angle Glaucoma." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-visual-field-asymmetry-indices-for-detecting-early-primary-open-angle-glaucoma(728f2ecb-2476-4849-bce5-4d10e5848cdb).html.

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Glaucoma can be defined as group of optic neuropathies associated with structural changes to the optic nerve head and the presence of irreversible visual field loss that may derive from various pathological mechanisms. One of the commonest types of glaucoma is primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Evaluation of the visual field is an essential component in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Visual field loss in POAG is often asymmetric both within and between eyes. This thesis extracts samples from a large database of visual field records collected at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital to measure the discriminatory power of various asymmetry indices in the detection of POAG.The first investigation describes and evaluates 3 new Sup/Inf hemifield asymmetry indices; hemifield mean difference, hemifield standard deviation and the number of asymmetric test pairs, for detecting POAG and compares the performance of these new indices with the well-established Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT). A good performance was observed for the new indices. GHT can fail to detect significant asymmetry, detected by hemifield standard deviation and number of asymmetric test pairs, when an early defect crosses the GHT sector boundaries. The second investigation looked at the performance of R/L asymmetry indices and whether these indices are superior to the previously investigated Sup/Inf hemifield indices. This study found that, the new R/L asymmetry indices did not perform better than worse eye uniocular hemifield asymmetry indices in differentiating between normal and POAG eyes. Their performance was similar to that of combined uniocular indices. The third investigation describes and measures the discriminatory power of 2 indices that quantify the clustering of Sup/Inf hemifield asymmetric test locations. The final experimental chapter determines the discriminatory power of a multi- factorial model that combines a range of asymmetry indices. In a sample selected to critically evaluate early functional loss the model correctly classified 89% of controls and 80% of POAG cases and performed better than GHT and single asymmetry analyses.

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Gothwal, Vijaya Kumari. "Functional vision performance in Indian school-going children with visual impairment." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16659/.

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Functional vision refers to the use of vision to perform day-day tasks and is assessed by the ability to perform these tasks. Assessment of functional vision is an integral component of the management of children with visual impairment. The results of the assessment help in designing appropriate educational and rehabilitation intervention strategies. The L V Prasad-Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP-FVQ) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing self-reported functional vision performance (FVP) in children. Self-reports are obviously the child's perception of his or her ability to perform certain tasks but they may not reflect actual performance. Various studies of FVP in adults have used actual performance measures of everyday tasks, but very few studies, even in adults with visual impairment, have compared self-reports and performance measures and none have included identical tasks on the 2 methods of assessment. To date, no study has assessed FVP using performance measures of daily tasks in the paediatric population. Therefore, the aims of the current study were: (1) To develop performance measures of FVP and compare them with self-reports of FVP from the LVP-FVQ in a prospective cohort of Indian school-going children with visual impairment. (2) To investigate the effect of a psychological attribute, self-concept, on self-reports, performance measures and the relationships between the 2 measures. (3) To investigate the relationship between clinical measures of vision and FVP. Performance measures of FVP for children with visual impairment were developed for 17 day to day tasks for comparison with self-reports of the same tasks for the LVP-FVQ. The LVP-FVQ was verbally administered by the researcher to 178 Indian school-going children aged between 8 and 17 years with visual impairment. Similarly, the performance of each of the tasks by these children was measured by the researcher. The performance measures for most of these tasks were recorded on continuous scales and later categorized to match the ordinal ratings from the LVP-FVQ. The self-report and performance measure ratings for the 17 tasks were then converted into the same metric using a Rasch model allowing an accurate picture of whether and how these two measures of FVP compared with each other. Rasch analysis was used to estimate the person ability and item difficulty for FVP from the 2 methods of assessment. Self-reports showed stronger correlations with performance measures of FVP than were hypothesized. Similar to some studies in adults, binocular high-contrast visual acuity was found to be the single most significant predictor of a child's functional vision performance. Contrary to expectations, self-concept did not have a significant effect on the relationship between the 2 measures. A few reasons for the stronger than expected relationship between the 2 methods of assessment of FVP in children with visual impairment are suggested. Firstly, the use of identical tasks for self-reports and performance measures of FVP is likely to improve the relationship. Secondly, the LVP-FVQ was developed using focus groups of children with visual impairment, their parents, low vision specialists and rehabilitation professionals leading to good content validity. Since children were included in the development of the LVP-FVQ, the tasks were representative of a child's typical daily life. Thus, the performance measures were also suited to the day-day tasks of school-going children but were not tapping any social and psychological issues relating to visual impairment. Thirdly, the use of Rasch analysis which addresses many of the issues of unequal measurement and defines a hierarchy of items for self-reports and performance measures could have led to higher correlations in the present study. Finally, the high reliability and validity of self-reports and performance measures of FVP in the present study may have contributed to the higher than expected correlations. None of the demographic variables or self-concept affected the relationship between self-reports and performance measures of FVP, but self-concept had a weak significant association with self-reports. This result is unique to this study and warrants further investigation. Binocular high-contrast visual acuity alone, the most common visual function measured in ophthalmic clinics, explained between one-third and two-thirds of the variance in functional vision performance. This confirms the expected trend that with worse visual impairment, FVP is lower. The addition of the variable, self-concept, resulted in a very small increase in the variability explained for self-reported FVP. Similarly, the addition of other clinical measures of vision such as binocular low contrast visual acuity and colour vision resulted in a small increase in the variability explained for performance measures of FVP. The correlation between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and performance measures of FVP was statistically significantly higher than that between binocular high-contrast visual acuity and self-reports of FVP. There are a few possible reasons for this higher correlation. Firstly, performance measures are considered to be a more "objective" form of assessment, while self-reports are a child's perception of his or her ability and therefore lack a context, which may result in either over-estimation or under-estimation of actual ability. Furthermore, performance measures include dimensions such as the time taken to perform a task or other criteria specific to a task, while self-reports do not use such qualifiers. Secondly, the higher correlation may be the result of the visual complexity of some of the tasks. While self-concepts of children with visual impairment played a small but significant role in the self-reported FVP, studies in adults with visual impairment have suggested that other psychological factors such as mood, anxiety, motivation etc. are associated with an individual's perception of visual performance. Future studies are required to explore the possible role of these and other factors in FVP in Indian school-going children with visual impairment. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the field of paediatric low vision rehabilitation by providing performance measures of FVP and relating them to self-reports in children with visual impairment and their relationship with common measures of visual function. With self-reports, the child is reporting his or her perception of ability to complete a task, where performance measures examine the child's ability to complete a task by observing his or her performance. Thus, although the two methods are comparable, it is because of the different yields from each of these measures that they are not considered interchangeable. A combination of the 2 measures where practical would perhaps provide a richer depiction of the FVP of children with visual impairment. As developing countries such as India have limited resources allocated for eye care services where less than seven percent of the gross national product is spent on health care, self-reports can be utilized together with clinical measures of vision (mainly visual acuity) to assess the FVP in children with visual impairment in a community setting. However, both methods of assessment of FVP together with clinical measures of vision are essential if a comprehensive assessment of FVP is to be carried out in children with visual impairment. Information from these assessments can help clinicians better understand the functioning of children with visual impairment and incorporate them in the management of low vision in school-going children with visual impairment in India.

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Sailoganathan, Ananth. "Design, construction & validation of new Indian language visual acuity charts." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408883.

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Drummond, J. "Towards the use of visual masking within virtual environments to induce changes in affective cognition." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1400460/.

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This thesis concerns the use of virtual environments for psychotherapy. It makes use of virtual environment properties that go beyond real-world simulation. The core technique used is based on research found within perception science, an effect known as backwards visual masking. Here, a rapidly displayed target image is rendered explicitly imperceptible via the subsequent display of a masking image. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of visual masking within virtual environments to induce changes in affective cognition. Of particular importance would be changes in a positive direction as this could form the foundation of a psychotherapeutic tool to treat affect disorders and other conditions with an affective component. The initial pair of experiments looked at whether visual masking was possible within virtual environments, whether any measurable behavioural influence could be found and whether there was any evidence that affective cognitions could be influenced. It was found that the technique worked and could influence both behaviour and affective cognition. Following this, two experiments looked further at parameter manipulation of visual masking within virtual environments with the aim of better specifying the parameter values. Results indicated that the form of visual masking used worked better in a virtual environment when the target and mask were both highly textured and that affective effects were modulated by the number of exposures of the target. The final pair of experiments attempted to induce an affect contagion effect and an affect cognition-modification effect. An affect cognition-modification effect was found whereas an affect contagion effect was not. Overall, the results show that using visual masking techniques within virtual environments to induce affect cognition changes has merit. The thesis lays the foundation for further work and supports the use of this technique as basis of an intervention tool.

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Russell, Sheldon M. "Alternative Indices of Performance: An Exploration of Eye Gaze Metrics in a Visual Puzzle Task." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401291701.

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Wartenberg, Reece. "On the underwater visual census of Western Indian Ocean coral reef fishes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005153.

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This study conducted the first high-resolution investigation of the ichthyofaunal assemblages on a high-latitude coral reef in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Two-Mile reef, in South Africa, is a large, accessible patch-reef, and was selected as a candidate study area. Although the effect of season in structuring coral reef fish communities is most-often overlooked, the relationship between these fish communities and their habitat structure has been investigated. In South Africa, however, neither of these potential community-level drivers has been explored. As coral reefs worldwide are faced with high levels of usage pressure, nondestructive underwater visual census (UVC) techniques were identified as the most appropriate survey methods. This study had two primary aims that were; (1) to identify the most suitable technique for the UVC of coral reef fishes, and to test variations of the selected technique for appropriateness to implementation in long-term monitoring programs, and (2) to determine if possible changes to ichthyofaunal community structure could be related to trends in season and/or habitat characteristics. A review of the literature indicated that the most appropriate UVC method for surveying epibenthic coral reef fishes is underwater transecting. To compare the traditional slate-based transects to variations that implement digital image technology, slate transects were compared to a first-attempt digital photographic transect technique, and digital videographic transects. Videographic transects produced the most favourable species richness, abundance, and standard deviations of the three techniques. Diversity was not significantly different between transect techniques. The minimum required sample size was lowest for videographic transects (17 replicates), intermediate for photographic transects (27 replicates) and highest for slate transects (37 replicates). Videographic and photographic transects required greater analysis time to generate counts, but required lower observer training time. While videographic transects produced the lowest proportion of species considered unidentifiable, all three transect techniques showed similar functionality to surveying epibenthic coral reef fishes. Videographic transects were therefore identified as the most appropriate UVC technique for this study. Videographic transects at shallow (6 – 14 m), intermediate (14 – 22 m) and deep (22 – 30 m) depths in mid-winter and mid-summer, sampled a total of 41 families consisting of 209 species and 18172 individuals, dominated by pomacentrids in abundance and labrids in richness. The fish assemblages on Two-Mile Reef were found to be similar in composition to lower-latitude WIO reefs. Overall ichthyofaunal abundance and richness was significantly higher in summer than in winter, and was higher at shallow sites than at intermediate and deep sites. A multivariate approach confirmed differences between seasons at shallow depths but not between seasons at intermediate and deep depths. The fish assemblages on Two-Mile Reef can therefore be described as being comprised of four relatively distinct communities: a shallow, winter community; a shallow, summer community; a year-round intermediate community; and a year-round deep community. The distributions of discriminating species indicated that high abundances of the algal-feeding pomacentrids are observed only at shallow and intermediate sites while high abundances of the zooplanktivorous serranid subfamily, the Anthiinae, are observed predominantly at deep sites. Assessment of all measured supplementary variables indicated that of all factor combinations, observed patterns could be ascribed most strongly to depth. Quantification of reef characteristics indicated that as depth increases, habitat complexity decreases, benthic communities shift from dense coral domination to sparse sponge domination, and algal biomass and cover decreases. The ability of the videographic transect technique to detect changes in community structure with season and depth indicates that season and depth should be accounted for in future high-latitude ichtyofaunal surveys, and that the videographic transect technique is suitable for implementation in long-term monitoring programs on coral reefs. The similarity in fish assemblages between Two-Mile Reef and lower latitude regions suggests that the protocol for surveying epibenthic coral reef fishes, resulting from this study, is relevant throughout the continental WIO.

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Bergseth, Amy Dianne. "'Reversing the Gaze' with Early Native American Visual Imagery." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1208967647.

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Buchot, Romain. "Etude du traitement visuel précoce des objets par la méthode de l'amorçage infraliminaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984472.

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Trois hypothèses principales existent quant aux indices locaux du contour étant les plus informatifs pour le processus de structuration de la forme, et permettant l'identification visuelle des objets : les angles et les indices de tridimensionnalité (Biederman, 1987 ; Boucart et al, 1995), les éléments mi-segments (Kennedy & Domander, 1985, Singh & Fulvio, 2005), et l'interaction entre le type de fragmentation et le degré de spécificité de la forme globale (Panis & Wagemans, 2009). L'objectif de ce travail consiste donc à confronter ces trois hypothèses, en tentant de déterminer par ailleurs le niveau (conscient ou non conscient) auquel s'opèrent la détection et le traitement de ces indices. Les paradigmes d'amorçage supra et infraliminaire sont employés. Des dessins d'objets fragmentés selon deux modes (angles et indices de tridimensionnalité versus éléments mi-segments) sont insérés en tant qu'amorce, précédant une image cible du même objet, elle-même fragmentée et présentant des zones de contours strictement identiques ou complémentaires à l'amorce. Aucune des quatre expériences proposées ne met en évidence un effet " qualitatif " du type de fragmentation. En revanche, certaines conditions temporelles permettent un effet d'amorçage de type lié à la quantité de contour présenté. Nos résultats confirment l'ambiguïté émergeant de la littérature relative aux zones de contours les plus informatives, et semblent conforter la nécessité d'un haut degré d'automaticité des processus impliqués dans la perspective de mettre en évidence des effets d'amorçage perceptif

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Warn, Jaime Dawn-Lyn, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A trickster paradigm in First Nations visual art : a contemporary application." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/533.

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In the past few decades, Indian art has been available to the mainstream under the supervision of Western science and art history. For the sake of cultural survival and identity, countless Native artists, curators, critics, and writers have objected to these often wrongful and discriminating art histories and scientific classifications. Indian artists are re-writing their history from Native perspective, and as a result, the misrepresentation of Indian art has begun to be recognized by those working in contemporary art galleries and museums. Today many contemporary spaces support and give control of exhibitions to those who share in the Native perspective. However, these changes did not take place overnight; this was an exhausting battle for many contemporary First Nations artists and curators. Native reality is best understood through the trickster, who has always been known to First Nations people through oral traditions, and who is best described as a creator that is constantly transforming and shape-shifting. In using trickster strategies, Native artists are able to deconstruct and reconstruct ideas about Native people and their culture. According to many Native artists, this new discourse, called the “trickster shift,” has been around since the beginning, seeded in oral traditions, and it requires the Native perspective to decode these trickster undertakings properly.
xi, 161 leaves ; 29 cm.

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Fürbringer, Nádia Philippsen. "Coleções etnográficas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107303.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Florianópolis, 2013.
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Retomo o lugar das pesquisas antropológicas acerca de coleções etnográficas. Ainda que haja uma lacuna nas pesquisas em museus e/ou com coleções, a prática de colecionismo na Antropologia permaneceu em todos esses anos. A análise parte das coleções do antropólogo Sílvio Coelho dos Santos, que em decorrência de sua profissão de antropólogo colecionou objetos indígenas que foram doados ao Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (Marque) ligado a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e compõe o acervo de Etnologia Indígena. Soma-se a esse conjunto, centenas de diapositivos e Diários de Campo que foram acumulados em décadas de pesquisa. Ocorre que essas coleções estão em processo de reapropriações, as novas articulações tem ressignificado tais objetos e o próprio sistema museal. Meu campo parte da observação dessas reapropriações: o processo da exposição de curadoria compartilhada de longa duração (curadoria que integra técnicos do Museu e indígenas); e o interesse de grupos indígenas, que são os alunos da Licenciatura Indígena da UFSC (Kaingang, Xokleng e Guarani) em conhecer essas diversas coleções. Além também da constituição de uma galeria virtual de imagens produzidas em contextos de pesquisa etnográfica do Professor Silvio Coelho dos Santos, como estratégia de comunicação e documentação de acervos museológicos, através do processo de compartilhamento de imagens em ambientes virtuais, em exposições museográficas e em oficinas de extensão universitária. Primeiramente com a contribuição dos Tikuna e em seguida dos Xokleng (Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena/UFSC) na construção das informações sobre estas imagens. São diversos sujeitos que contribuem na construção das memórias que contornam tanto o próprio Silvio Coelhos dos Santos e seus interlocutores em outrora, quanto o que o seu olhar enfocou em tantas imagens e descrições de seus diários de campo. Narrativas que emergem a partir da vida dos objetos e documentos que fazem parte de coleções etnográficas, novas vozes que contam outras histórias.

Abstract : I return to anthropological research about ethnographic collections. While there is a gap in research in museums and /or collections, the practice of collecting in anthropology remained all these years. The analysis is about the collections of the anthropologist Silvio Coelho dos Santos, who because of their profession of anthropologist, collected objects that were donated to Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (Marque) connected to the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) and composes the collection of Indigenous Ethnology. Added to this set, hundreds of slides and diaries of field that were accumulated over decades of research. It happens that these collections are in the process of reappropriations, new joints have reframed such museum objects and the system itself. My field part of these reappropriations observation: the process of curating the exhibition shared long-term (curator of the Museum which integrates technical and indigenous), and the interest of indigenous groups, who are students of Bachelor Intercultural Indigenous in UFSC (Kaingang, Xokleng and Guarani ) to meet these diverse collections. Besides also the creation of a virtual gallery of images produced in contexts of ethnographic research of Professor Silvio Coelho dos Santos, as a strategy for communication and documentation of museum collections, through the process of sharing images in virtual environments, exhibitions and workshops museographic university extension. First with the contribution of Tikuna and then the Xokleng (Bachelor Intercultural Indigenous / UFSC) in the construction of information on these images. There are several individuals who contribute to the construction of the memories that surround both himself Silvio Coelho dos Santos and its partners in the past, as his gaze focused on so many pictures and descriptions of their field diaries. Narratives that emerge from the life of objects and documents that are part of ethnographic collections, new voices that tell other stories.

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Gobin, Anuradha. "Leaving a bittersweet taste : classifying, cultivating and consuming sugar in seventeenth and eighteenth century British West Indian visual culture." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112338.

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This thesis explores visual representations of British West Indian sugar in relation to the African slave trade practiced during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During this time, sugar played a vital role to the lives of both European and non-Europeans as it was a source of great wealth for many and became transformed into one of the most demanded and widely consumed commodity. From the earliest days of British colonization, the cultivation and production of sugar in the Caribbean has been inextricably linked with the trade in African slaves to provide free labor for plantation owners and planters. This thesis considers how European artists visually represented sugar in its various forms---as an object for botanical study, as landscape and as consumable commodity---and in so doing, constructed specific ideas about the African slave body and the use of African slave labor that reflected personal and imperial agendas and ideologies.

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Pira-Menconi, Rose. "Spécialisation hémisphérique, identification et mémoire des mots écrits : influence des indices perceptifs : thèse." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2032.

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La problématique abordée dans cette thèse concerne la mise en parallèle des résultats observés au cours d'une tâche de décision lexicale (expérience 1) avec ceux recueillis par l'enregistrement des mouvements oculaires (expériences 4). La phase intéressante est celle de prise d'information puisque ce travail porte sur les indices perceptifs (les items sont présentés en typographie minuscule et alternée) : les différences observées au niveau des paramètres oculomoteurs peuvent-elles expliquer les variations mesurées sur les temps de décision lexicale ? Un autre centre d'intérêt concerne l'asymétrie fonctionnelle hémisphérique dans la mémorisation incidente d'items verbaux présentés en champ visuel divisé (expérience 2 et 3).

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Gugolati, Maica. "Pretty Mas’, visuality and performance in Trinidad and Tobago’s contemporary carnival, West Indies." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH050/document.

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Cette recherche traite de la forme la plus contemporaine de mascarade du carnaval de Trinidad (République de Trinidad-et-Tobago, Caraïbe Anglophone), connue sous l’appellation Pretty Mas’. Cette dernière s’imprègne d’une esthétique nommée Bikini & Beads, pratiquée en majorité par les femmes et de jeunes participants. C’est la forme de mascarade la plus commerciale du pays et le modèle de carnavals diasporiques à travers le monde. L’objet de cette recherche est d’expliquer comment l’aspect visuel de la mascarade tend à transformer cette performance carnavalesque en spectacle.Je montre que la valeur historique de la pratique du carnaval évolue dans la forme contemporaine Bikini & Beads, où les joueurs portent de simples bikinis en guise de costumes. Cette recherche aborde également la question de la représentation de soi à travers ce style de carnaval où le corps des participants se substitue au costume. Les joueurs y affirment leur individualité et leur volonté d’interpréter des histoires autoréférentielles. La visibilité du joueur et de la joueuse devient un moyen d’affirmation de soi, ce qui modifie la pratique performative de la mascarade. J’analyse ensuite l’impact du visuel sur le management de ce style de mascarade. La recherche de visibilité des joueurs et la nécessité d’impressionner les publics modifient l’organisation des groupes de carnaval et la création des costumes. Le désir de reconnaissance publique des participants influe sur la pratique performative et représentationnelle de la mascarade. En privilégiant l’aspect visuel de l’évènement, la performance carnavalesque devient prévisible et reproductible pour son exportation dans les festivals internationaux
This research is about the most current form of carnival masquerade on the island of Trinidad (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies), known as Pretty Mas'. Pretty Mas' is imbued with a masquerade style named Bikini & Beads, which is mostly practiced by women and young participants. It is the most commercial form of masquerade in the country and is the model for diaspora carnivals around the world. The object of this research is to explain how the visual aspect of this masquerade tends to transform the carnival performance into a spectacle.I show how the historical value of carnival practice has evolved into the contemporary form of Bikini & Beads, where players wear simple bikinis as costumes. This research deals with the question of self-representation through this masquerade style where the participants' bodies replace the costumes. In doing so players affirm their individuality and willingness to interpret self-referential stories. The player's visibility becomes a mean of asserting oneself, which modifies the performative practice of the masquerade. I then analyze the visual impact on the management of this form of performance and costuming. The players' search for visibility and their need to impress the public have changed the organization of carnival groups and the creation of costumes. The participants' desire for public recognition influences the performative and representational practice of the masquerade. I conclude by affirming that the emphasis on the visual aspect of the event makes the carnival performance more predictable and reproducible so it can be exported to the international festivals

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Paillé, Damien. "Influence de la taille du champ de vision sur la perception des distances en environnement virtuel." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066158.

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Godement, Pierre. "Guidage axonal et formation de cartes topographiques dans le système visuel de la souris." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066148.

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Le travail présenté a comme objectif d'élucider la nature des mécanismes mis en jeu dans le développement du système visuel d'un mammifère, la souris, et plus particulièrement dans la formation des cartes topographiques de la rétine, qui sont des caractéristiques de base de ce système. Le guidage des axones rétiniens vers leurs cibles centrales repose sur la capacité du cône de croissance axonal à reconnaitre des indices positionnels dans son environnement ; ces mécanismes de croissance dirigée sont accompagnés de mécanismes permettant une sélection des projections appropriées.

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Arcizet, Fabrice. "Les indices monoculaires de la perception tridimensionnelle : étude électrophysiologique de l'aire V4 du macaque vigile." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332039.

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Cette thèse porte sur les bases neuronales des indices monoculaires statiques de la perception tridimensionnelle tels que la texture naturelle et les ombrages.
A l'aide d'enregistrements extra-cellulaires réalisés chez le singe vigile, nous montrons dans le premier chapitre que la texture naturelle d'un objet est encodée au sein de l'aire visuelle V4 sur la base de caractéristiques tels que sa luminance ou son hétérogénéité.
Dans le second chapitre, nous montrons que les neurones de V4 sont sensibles aux ombrages, indice puissant de la 3D.
Dans le troisième chapitre, nous nous intéressons aux latences de réponses des neurones de V4. Les temps de latence que nous relevons sont particulièrement courts en comparaison avec ceux rapportés dans la littérature.
Nos résultats indiquent que l'aire V4 participe au traitement de la forme 3D de l'objet en encodant les ombrages et la texture naturelle comme indices tridimensionnels.

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Deschenes, François. "Estimation simultanée et coopérative d'indices visuels de profondeur pour la perception tridimensionnelle." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1078.

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Brandon, Sara Elizabeth. "Penas de papel : um estudo comparativo da imagem indigena no Brasil e nos EUA." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284743.

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Orientador: Marcius Cesar Soares Freire
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: O projeto tem como proposta estudar a imagem e a construção da identidade de nativos norte-americanos e indígenas brasileiros na cultura popular e dominante. O povo indígena tem sido analisado sob diferentes olhares, tais como o olhar Antropológico, da mídia, da arte, bem como de projetos governamentais, todos eles documentando suas respectivas imagens. Este trabalho parte da compreensão de que tais imagens refletem um. É importante lembrar que as primeiras ilustrações seriam representadas sob a forma de xilogravuras. O processo é melhor observado no trabalho Grandes Viagens, de Theordore DeBry, embora, continuamente, no período épico dos primeiros pintores etnográficos, gravuras, pinturas e litografias tenham sido usadas. É claro que, mais tarde, as influências da visibilidade das pinturas não podem ser desprezadas, uma vez que tornaram um pouco mais acessíveis à massa, através de cópias impressas, reproduções, fotografias e acervos em museus contemporâneos. Nos Estados Unidos o ¿Índio mau¿ era associado com o guerreiro com machado ou o rebelde selvagem do oeste. No Brasil é possível que os Munduruku fossem representados neste sentido. Pessoa descendente de branco e índio. Pessoa descendente de negro e índio. Palavra originalmente usada no Brasil ( por cientistas europeus) referindo-se à pessoa de sangue indígena puro que torna-se ¿civilizada ou pacificada¿. Porém, na definição contemporânea, a idéia de sangue puro não aparece sempre explícita. Esses conceitos serão estudados mais detalhadamente e não apenas como categorias simplificadoras do bom ou mau selvagem. Elas deverão ser definidas por região, país e período. Cada termo, embora genérico, tradicionalmente tem sido examinado como um conceito europeu em geral e não em seus detalhes específicos. Por exemplo, o mau selvagem não é apenas o incivilizado ou contrário ao progresso. Esse aspecto será definido por uma série de características, em contextos diferentes, que envolvam períodos de tempo e espaço, que continuam agindo para se definir a 'indinidade¿. Os conceitos bom e mau selvagem, canibal e caboclo, mameluco e cafuzo precedem este projeto. Consideramos, também, que a discussão desses termos no passado foram um tanto superficiais, no sentido de que a discussão tratou o imaginário e a iconografia como imutáveis. imaginário público coletivo do ¿Índio¿ presente em cada país. Da mesma forma, acredita-se que, devido à sua história, a identidade do nativo americano foi desumanizada e, de um modo geral, reduzida a uma imagem estigmatizada do 'Índio¿. Suas influências estão enraizadas na história da colonização tanto na forma escrita, quanto em desenhos, pinturas e fotografias . A intenção é demonstrar que o "índio" existe como um conceito do imaginário social que desumaniza, que reduz os povos indígenas a objetos comercializáveis ou destinados à diversão. Assim o "índio" será definido como uma construção da cultura da sociedade dominante compreendendo algumas das seguintes características: a) o selvagem bom (natural, romântico ou ecologista); b) o mau selvagem (guerreiro, canibal, caçador de cabeças, guerreiro com machado , ¿escalpador¿ ou caçador de escalpo que resiste à ¿Manifestação do Destino¿; c) o objeto do 'voyeur¿ e o outro; d) a vítima e a raça desaparecendo; e) o mito original; f) o índio 'real¿; g) o ¿halfbreed¿ ou o ¿mameluco¿ , o ¿cafuzo¿ e o ¿caboclo¿ no Brasil; h) o extraterrestre; i) o índio aculturado ou pacificado; j) uma masculinidade genérica (cujo foco é o indígena masculino) e a desmasculinização desse ¿índio¿ em relação ao ¿homem branco¿. O conceito índio não é uma invenção estática na cultura dominante e popular e está sempre se transformando e adicionando elementos. Tenta-se estudar aqui esses elementos e suas adaptações, no passado e no presente. Nesta pesquisa, pretende-se discutir a criação do conceito do ¿Índio¿ na sociedade dominante, em relação à fotografia, à pintura e ao desenho que resultam em tratamento desigual às pessoas indígenas, tanto em termos políticos quanto como identidade individual e coletiva. O objetivo é desmontar e comparar a imaginação dominante e a imagem visual do "índio" no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos
Abstract: This project proposes to study the construction of Native North American and Indigenous Brasilian identity in popular and dominant representations. ¿Indian¿ people have been analyzed using many different lenses. Anthropology, media, art and governmental groups have all created, recorded and finally documented images of indigenous people. These images reflect the presence of an ¿Indian¿ concept in the collective public imagination of each country. Since contact Native American identity has been generically reduced to a stagnant image. Its influences are rooted in the written, drawn and painted history of colonization as well as photography . The intention of this research is to demonstrate that this constructed ¿Indian¿ is a concept of dominant society's imagination which dehumanizes indigenous people. The ¿Indian¿ concept in dominant culture consists of some of these characteristics : a)the noble savage: (natural, exaggerated ecologist, or romanticized child) b) ¿bad¿ savage: (warrior, cannibal, headhunter, tomahawker, scalper and resistor of ¿manifest destiny¿), c)the voyeuristic object and the anthropological other , d) the acculturing or integrating Indian e) the vanishing race and the victim, f)the origin myth, g) the extraterrestrial h) the ¿real¿ Indian i) the halfbreed or the cafuzo/mameluco in Brazil, a generic masculinity and j) a focus on male Indianess and the demasculinization of this ¿Indian¿ in regards to the ¿white male¿. The Indian concept is not a stationary invention, and is always mutating. We will try to study early and present characteristics and their adaptations up to this point in time in terms of painted, drawn and photographic images. It is in the interest of this study to discuss these characteristics in terms of stereotypes which have caused the unequal treatment of indigenous people, both in terms of politics and identity. In Summary, we wish to deconstruct and compare the dominant imagination and the visual image of the ¿Indian¿ in Brazil and the United States. The word Indian can be associated with different images and concepts for different people. For the purpose of this study, ¿Indian¿ is the concept and word created by the colonial discourse of the Americas, which consisted of oral, textual and visual representations. This ¿Indian¿ has been reiterated and restructured by anthropology as well as contemporary popular culture. For different indigenous groups and individuals the word has taken on various contextual meanings. See Kaka Werá Jecupé. A Terra dos Mil Povos. 1998. (13-15). History hás been one sided. Accounts which take into consideration the points of view of indigenous peoples during contact, colonial and early history include: Native American Testimony; A Chronicle of Indian ¿ White Relations. Editor: Peter Nobokov and The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America. These books are only two which refer to the Native North American perspective of events, there are others. In Brazil see ¿Ymã Ano Mil e Quinhentos:Relatos e Memórias Indigenas Sobre a Conquista. Paulo Humberto Porto Borges. It is important to remember that the first representations would be re ¿represented in the form of xylographs. This process is best noted in the work, Grand Voyages by Theodore DeBry. Although used continously into the epic of the early painter-ethnographers, engravings differed from paintings and lithographs. It is important to remember paintings would have been more accessible to the wealthy. Thus, their influence on the masses is less obvious than those of lithography and most importantly photography. Of course later influences on the visibility of paintings must not be overlooked, as they became somewhat more avaliable to the masses through printed copies, reproductions, photographs and contemporary museums. The terms noble and bad savage, cannibal and caboclo, mameluco and cafuzo predate this project. Yet, we consider that the discussion of these terms in the past has been somewhat superficial. It has been superficial in the sense of the discussion of the imagery and iconography as unchanging. ¿Fabian discusses conceptions of the other which have been elaborated within anthropological discourse since the eighteenth century in Europe. Anthropology, as a 'science of disappearance¿ has tended to construe the 'other¿ as negative: the 'savage¿, without history, writing, religion and morals, was seen as part of a vanishing world which consequently required documentation¿(Hallam, Elizabeth and Street, Brian, 2). Cultural Encounters.Routledge. 2000. These stereotypical concepts will be studied in greater detail, not just as simplified noble or bad savage categories. They are to be defined by region, country and timeperiod. Each term although generic has traditionally been analysed as a general European concepts and not in specific detail. For example, the bad savage was not just uncivilized or against progress, it was defined by a set of characteristics in different contexts which evolved throughout time and space, while still functioning to define ¿Indianess¿
Doutorado
Multimeios
Doutor em Multimeios

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Khosla, Preeti. "The visual language of the north Indian styles of painting during the Sultanate period (1414-1525)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.764192.

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Ramaswami, Siri. "Dance sculpture as a visual motif of the sacred and the secular: a comparative study of the BelurCennakesava and the Halebidu Hoysalesvara temples." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240926.

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Kukurelo, Cruz Dominique. "El estilo visual utilizado en videojuegos indie modernos y su efecto en el jugador peruano. Caso de estudio: Summon Hat y Tunche." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654562.

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La investigación busca reconocer el estilo visual en los videojuegos indie modernos más atrayentes para el jugador, al analizar aspectos visuales de videojuegos peruanos y explicar el contexto en el que se desarrollan. La hipótesis inicial fue que el estilo visual de los videojuegos indie peruanos modernos, como Summon Hat y Tunche, tiene efectos en el momento de la elección de un juego del jugador peruano. La metodología se desarrolló con un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, con un enfoque cualitativo. Busca describir características de Summon Hat y Tunche para reconocer aspectos visuales influyentes. Se realizaron tres muestreos, dos seleccionados por conveniencia y otro por bola de nieve. Para la primera muestra se escogió dos videojuegos independientes peruanos; la segunda, de jóvenes que juegan videojuegos y la tercera, de expertos involucrados en la industria de videojuegos peruana. Los resultados más resaltantes encontrados fueron que muchos de los videojuegos desarrollados en el país tardan mucho en ser terminados por falta de financiamiento para cumplir con los requerimientos necesarios. Los videojuegos indie peruanos suelen ser de multijugador local, pues hacerlo de manera online precisa de herramientas y habilidades que actualmente no se pueden tener en las pequeñas empresas que producen videojuegos. Se concluyó que, la mayoría de jugadores peruanos consideran que el estilo visual es un factor secundario, pues lo primero que les atrae son la jugabilidad y la historia que pueden tener los videojuegos a elegir. Sin embargo, están más atraídos por el estilo visual que se asemeja más a la realidad.
The research seeks to recognize the visual style in the most attractive modern indie video games for the player, by analyzing visual aspects of Peruvian video games and explaining the context in which they are developed. The initial hypothesis was that the visual style of modern Peruvian indie games, such as Summon Hat and Tunche, effects at the time of the Peruvian player's choice of a game. The methodology was developed with an exploratory and descriptive scope, with a qualitative approach. Seeks to describe characteristics of Summon Hat and Tunche to recognize influential visual aspects. Three samplings were carried out, two selected for convenience and the other by snowball. For the first sample, two independent Peruvian videogames were chosen; the second, of young people who play video games and the third, of experts involved in the Peruvian video game industry. The most outstanding results found were that many of the video games developed in the country take a long time to be completed due to lack of financing. Peruvian indie video games tend to be local multiplayer, since doing it online requires tools and skills that currently cannot be had in small companies that produce video games. It was concluded that most Peruvian players consider visual style to be a secondary factor, since the first thing that attracts them is the gameplay and the story that the video games can have to choose from. However, they are more attracted to the visual style that more closely resembles reality.
Trabajo de investigación

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Welch, Christina Ann Mary. "The role of popular visual representation in the construction of North American Indian and Western alternative spiritual identities." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502250.

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This thesis explores the role of popular visual representation in the construction of North American Indian and Western Alternative Spiritual identities predominantly within Britain. The thesis falls into two related sections. The first is an ethnographic survey of Western Alternative Spiritual practitioners in the form of spiritual seekers and their North American Indian and non-Native teachers. The second is an analysis of popular visual representation of North American Indian peoples from 1851 to the present, with a focus on the World's Fairs and Wild West shows, colonial era ethnographic portraiture, Western-movies, Native and non-Native web sites, and museum exhibitions. The ethnographic field-work, conducted using participant-observation and guesthood informed conversation, provided the database for the imases analysed in section two, where post-structuralist critique highlights visual representation as an instrument of social power, while post- and de-colonial intertextual analysis foreground both colonialism in visual representation and the role of indigenous agency in identity construction. In contrast with the pervasive negation of indigenous agency in visual representation and identity construction, this thesis demonstrates that the stereotypical Plains-style Indian is not entirely a Western construct, and highlights the value of de-colonial research methodologies in visual representation and identity construction.

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Gustafsson, Louise. "Hur skiljer man sig från normen? Att visuellt identifiera ett band inom indiegenren." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150536.

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Musikgenrer skiljer sig åt både visuellt och musikaliskt och det finns ett behov av att visa på tillhörighet och samtidigt differentiera sig. Inom indiegenren vill man differentiera sig från den normativa mainstreamgenren och gör detta genom att trycka på ord som exempelvis personligt och nostalgiskt. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur en visuell identitet för ett indieband kunde skapas utifrån värdeord och musikaliskt uttryck. Värdeorden rebelliskt, surrealism och nostalgi togs fram genom intervjuer med bandet samt en undersökning av indiegenren. Dessa värdeord användes sedan under studien som utgångspunkt för designbeslut och värdering. Studien mynnade ut i två designkoncept som värderades i form av intervjuer mot värdeord och musik, av sex respondenter tillhörande bandets målgrupp. Värderingen resulterade i att ett designkoncept tycktes fungera bäst endast mot bandets värdeord men när bandets musik spelades upp ändrade respondenterna uppfattning och uppfattade, liksom bandet självt, det andra konceptet som mest lämpligt. Slutsatsen av studien blev därför att det är viktigt att värdeord och musikaliskt uttryck stämmer överens vid skapandet av en visuell identitet för ett band. Det finns annars en risk att målgruppen inte uppfattar den visuella identiteten som sammanhängande med det musikaliska uttrycket och/eller värdeorden. Bandet bör även vara medvetna om hur de vill uppfattas både visuellt och musikaliskt för att minska risken av förvirring hos målgruppen.

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Teemant, Marie Elizabeth, and Marie Elizabeth Teemant. "The North American Indian Reframed: The Photography of Edward S. Curtis in Context with American Art and Visual Culture." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621850.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the photographer Edward Sheriff Curtis and his primary photographic body of work, The North American Indian, within the context of the art and visual culture that informed and influenced Curtis in his image making process. Within the history of photography, an understanding of who Curtis was is complex. Depictions of Curtis have included various roles including photographer, businessman, philanthropist, artist, ethnologist, capitalist, and profiteer. Until the last twenty years, much of the scholarship surrounding Curtis was focused on his biography, without consideration to the similarities Curtis's work had to contemporary photographers or to American art depicting Native Americans prior to him. My research will examine this prior scholarship and focus on two different frameworks The North American Indian fits into in terms of how the Native subjects are depicted. The first framework is within the influential artwork of American painters and the Native American as incorporated into American art. I will compare Curtis's depiction of Native Americans to those by Benjamin West, Thomas Cole, and George Catlin. All three of these painters included Native Americans in their work at varying levels and for various purposes. While Curtis was working in a different medium, the ways in which he framed and posed his subjects exhibits his awareness in continuing the expected Native American image. The second framework considers The American Indian and its parallels to missionary albums (used to promote missionary work among non-Christian people) as well as a Carlisle School yearbook (used to promote the school's mission in educating and acclimating its students from tribes across the country). In addition to the three types of objects being created in the first two decades of the twentieth century, they also share a relationship through the use of photographs and words to convey a meaning the images alone could not accomplish. Native Americans have been used to symbolize the American continent since the first Europeans laid claim to the land. Curtis is only one of many artists who turned their attention to native subjects and attempted to create an understanding of who they were. A more nuanced understanding of Curtis and his work surfaces through acknowledging the ways in which The North American Indian functions similarly to other works depicting Native Americans.

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Gontier, Emilie. "Analyse de la spécificité temporelle des indices électrophysiologiques corticaux rapportés aux performances comportementales dans des tâches de discrimination de durées." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL609.

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Nos recherches s'intéressent à la participation des structures corticales dans le traitement des durées et tentent de répondre aux interrogations suivantes : L'implication du cortex préfrontal dans les mécanismes décisionnels est-elle spécifique de la discrimination des durées ? La participation du réseau fronto-pariétal dépend-elle de la charge cognitive et de la nature du stimulus à discriminer ? Existe-t-il une asymétrie hémisphérique dans le traitement des durées ? Nos données ont permis de démontrer que 1) La participation des structures préfrontales dans les mécanismes décisionnels n'est pas spécifique du traitement temporel 2) l'encodage et la comparaison des durées reposent sur une boucle fonctionnelle pariéto-frontale, laquelle détermine les performances temporelles des sujets 3) Le réseau pariéto-frontal témoigne d'une plasticité face à la charge cognitive 4) La discrimination des durées dépend de l'intégrité des fonctions assurées par l'hémisphère droit
Our research focuses on the participation of cortical structures in temporal processing and try to answer to the following questions: Does the prefrontal cortex involvement in decision-making is specific to temporal discrimination? Does the involvement of fronto-parietal network depends on the cognitive load and the nature of the stimulus to discriminate? Is there a hemispheric asymmetry in the temporal treatment? Our data have shown that 1) The involvement of prefrontal structures in the decision-making is not specific to temporal processing 2) Encoding and comparison of temporal information are based on a parieto-frontal functional loop, which determines the temporal performances of subjects 3)The parieto-frontal network reflects plasticity toward the cognitive load 4) Temporal discrimination periods depends on the integrity of the functions assured by the right hemisphere

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Harrington-Watt, Kathleen. "Vernacular Photographs as Privileged Objects:The Social Relationships of Photographs in the Homes of Gujarati/New Zealanders." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6208.

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Photographs traverse the world in many forms and for many purposes. They follow and trace movements and networks of people, and have become essential objects in linking the past, present, and future of migrating communities. Vernacular photographs found in the home, encompass a substantial field of neglected knowledge and should be accorded greater attention and analysis in social science research. Vernacular images in academic research are often described as ordinary and mundane, their representational aspects are perceived to be repetitive and unremarkable (portraits, family snapshots etc.). However, this thesis argues that vernacular photographs are privileged objects and it is their universality and social embeddedness that elevates their significance in social science research. Unlike public or institutionalised photographic archives, vernacular archives operate within active social contexts and are alive with social agency. In this thesis, I use Alfred Gell’s anthropological theory of Art and Agency as the framework for conceptualising the social agency of photographs. To support these claims, this research examines the personal photographs found in the vernacular archives of a Gujarati migrant group in Christchurch, New Zealand. The photographs presented by members of this group are found at the centre of their social lives, mirroring their experiences and relationships in visual form. I use the Chakra Wheel as a visual metaphor to symbolise the nature of this group and their photographs. This metaphor speaks directly to the phenomenon of transnationalism and acknowledges that, for migrant communities, these transitioning processes are complex and elaborate, where the foundations of kinship and homemaking are constantly shifting. Vernacular photographs are at the centre of these transnational exchanges and networks, shifting from place to place, creating tangible and virtual threads between individuals, families, villages, and communities. They anchor these relationships at various sites, such as the wall in the family home, in albums, wallets, and on the internet. Vernacular photographs mirror these complex processes, and silently record and embody the social lives of people in a visual way. The mirrored reflection of the vernacular photograph can be both objective and subjective. By using the vernacular photograph as a research medium, in ethnographic research, we can get closer to the lived reality of people’s social lives. To emphasise the privileged position of vernacular photographs, I have chosen to use the methodology of photo-elicitation to position the photograph at the centre of enquiry. The methodology used in this thesis borrows some essential concepts from the discipline of phototherapy. Phototherapy claims that photographs can open up an exploration of us and others and, when the participant has primary agency, the affective force of the photograph is powerful and insightful. This thesis strongly supports these assumptions. Phototherapy uses photographs to explore the thoughts and unconscious processes of individuals. I argue that, in social research, photographs can also be used to explore and ‘open up’ the social world, by positioning the participant as the prime authority of their images, and their images as the vehicle of engagement and communication. By using vernacular photographs in this way, I look at both ‘on the surface’ and ‘below the surface’ of the image, making links with Barthes’ photographic theory and his concepts of ‘studium’ and ‘punctum’. In this thesis, the participants are the curators of their own personal archives. Their photographs give an emic view of their world, emphasising the importance of their migrant history, ancestors, village home, community, and cultural identity. Their photographs mediate agency between persons and places: keeping alive personal and spiritual relationships in the here and now; reinforcing essential familial knowledge systems; and assisting in creating and maintaining community identity and belonging.

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Graziato, Vânia Perrotti Pires. "Cerâmica Kadiwéu - Processos, transformações, traduções: uma leitura do percurso da cerâmica Kadiwéu do século XIX ao XXI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27159/tde-29042009-110819/.

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O presente trabalho, resultado do contato com sociedades da Reserva Indígena Kadiwéu, localizada no Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, verifica a cerâmica ali produzida pelas índias, no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e a atualidade. A investigação focaliza o processo de produção, os padrões ornamentais, a forma e a função dos objetos, além dos materiais e técnicas utilizados. A cerâmica Kadiwéu difere, atualmente, das demais produções brasileiras principalmente pela ornamentação, marcada por grafismos e cores muito peculiares. Essa produção sofreu, durante o período ao qual a pesquisa se ateve, transformações significativas no que se refere aos padrões e técnicas ornamentais, possivelmente devido à fixação dos índios próximo a Serra da Bodoquena, que oferece grande variedade de matérias-primas, incorporadas às produções correntes. Foram utilizadas como referência para esta pesquisa duas importantes coleções etnográficas: a de Guido Boggiani, que esteve entre os Kadiwéu em 1892 e 1897 e se encontra, sobretudo, em museus da Itália e a coleção recolhida por Darcy Ribeiro na década de 1940, período em que conviveu com eles. Essas coleções diferem muito da produção atual, conforme verificação feita durante os anos 2000 e 2005. A aproximação aos processos de produção, das formas, cores e padrões, impressos na cerâmica Kadiwéu, possibilitou a compreensão da real dimensão das inúmeras possibilidades de exploração do barro transformado pelo fogo, propondo, então, uma tradução poética dessa observação. São de essencial importância a apresentação desse percurso, a verificação e o registro dos processos de produção atuais, usados pelas mulheres índias para preparar, modelar e submeter o barro à ação mágica e transformadora do fogo. A tradução poética aqui delineada nasceu desse encontro, que provocou reflexões manifestadas por dois conceitos: persistência e tradição oral.
This work, resulting from contact with Reserva Indígena Kadiwéu (Kadiweu Indian Reserve) societies, located in South Mato Grosso state marsh region (Pantanal), focuses on pottery made by female Indians between late XIXth century and today. Besides material and techniques used, the investigation focuses on objects production process, ornamental patterns, form, and function. Nowadays, Kadiweu pottery differs from other Brazilian natives production mainly in ornamentation, marked by distinctive graphisms and colors. During the period researched, this productions patterns and ornamental techniques have significantly changed, possibly due to the settlement of that native group near Bodoquena Range, where they find a variety of raw material, incorporated to their current production. Two important ethnographic collections were used as a reference for this research: that of Guido Boggiani (who visited the Kadiweu Indians in 1892 and 1897), now specially found at Italian museums, and that accumulated by Darcy Ribeiro in the last century 40s, when he lived with them. These collections differ a lot from current production, as verified in 2000 and 2005. Approaching production processes, forms, colors and patterns imprinted in Kadiweu pottery provided comprehension of the actual dimension of the numberless possibilities of fire-transformed clay exploitation, leading then to a poetic translation of this observation. Of essential importance are presenting this trajectory, checking and registering present production processes used by female Kadiweu Indians in preparing, modelling and subjecting clay to the magic and transforming action of fire. The poetic translation here outlined was born from this meeting, which caused reflections manifested through two concepts: persistence and oral tradition.

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Ramakrishnan, Srilakshmi. ""Modernization of Tradition": Contested Discourses and Negotiated Ideologies of Fairness, Gender, and Morality in the South Indian Media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194410.

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This dissertation explored the ways in which the everyday life practices of most urban Indians embodied the "modernization of tradition" (Hancock, 1999) and the role that media texts played in facilitating and encouraging this modernization. The research is based on six months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted from June through December 2005, in the south-Indian city of Chennai, which has traditionally been regarded as a conservative city. Examining the Indian media as a discursive site where normative ideologies are not only constructed but also co-constructed, the study explored and examined how the discourses of tradition and modernity were contested in the south Indian media. It also identified and interpreted the ways in which dominant ideologies at the nexus of color/caste and gender/morality were negotiated by an urban city and its residents in the move towards modernity.Data included three different but inter-related sub-genres of print media texts -- visual images, textual advertisements, and news articles. The primary dataset of visual images consisted of 300 product advertisements culled from four, nationally available, English-language magazines gathered from the two genres of news and film. Textual data sets comprising the matrimonial advertisements and the news articles were gathered from the local editions of two nationally-available English-language newspapers. The broader ethnographic investigation included participant observations, individual formal and informal interviews, and focus group discussions with adult residents of Chennai. The data were analyzed using a multi-discursive and multidisciplinary approach. The analyses were informed by conceptual approaches which included: social semiotics and the multimodal theory of communication, genre analysis, critical discourse and feminist critical discourse analyses, and alternative modernities.In examining the media texts as the site where dominant sociocultural ideologies were being constantly configured and reconfigured, the analyses identified and examined the workings of three interconnected themes - fairness (in relation to skin color), gender, and morality. Through these themes, the dissertation examined the larger contestations and negotiations between the discourses of traditions and modernities as experienced by adult residents of urban Chennai. The discourses of identity construction and reconstruction were thus examined at the nexus of the individual self situated within the larger frame of the city.

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Gupta, Toolika. "The influence of British rule on elite Indian menswear : the birth of the Sherwani." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7809/.

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‘The Influence of British Rule on Elite Indian Menswear: The Birth of the Sherwani’ is a study of the influence of politics on fashion and the resulting development of new garments. This research is designed to demonstrate the effect on elite Indian menswear of the two centuries of British rule in India. It is an effort to understand how the flowing garments worn by elite Indian men in the 18th century gradually became more tailored and fitted with the passage of time. The study uses multiple sources to bring to light lesser known facts about Indian menswear, the evolution of different garments and especially of the sherwani. The sherwani is a knee-length upper garment worn by South-Asian men, and is considered to be India’s traditional menswear. My study highlights the factors responsible for the birth of the sherwani and dispels the myth that it was a garment worn by the Mughals. Simultaneously, this study examines the concept and value of ‘tradition’ in cultures. It scrutinises the reasons for the sherwani being labelled as a traditional Indian garment associated with the Mughal era, when in fact it was born towards the end of the 19th century. The study also analyses the role of the sherwani as a garment of distinction in pre- and post-independence India.

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Taddei, Anais. "Quelle description pour détecter efficacement une personne parmi d'autres ? : approche expérimentale et modélisation socio-cognitive de la description verbale à des fins d’identification judiciaire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080043/document.

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La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’efficacité de la description verbale d’un suspectpour le détecter parmi d’autres personnes dans le cadre de délits de fuite oude flagrants délits. Cette approche permet de connaître l’identité du suspect recherchélorsque les enquêteurs ne détiennent aucun autre indice à leur disposition.La description constitue la technique la plus couramment utilisée sur le terrainpar les professionnels, il semble donc nécessaire de comprendre son usage et sonimpact sur le terrain lors de la détection des suspects. Pour cela, une série desept expériences visant à tester quelle description apparaît la plus optimale pourdétecter le suspect a été conçue. Les études ont montré que plus la descriptioncontient d’indices sur le suspect, plus elle aide les enquêteurs à affiner la liste desuspects (expérience 1 ). Néanmoins, contrairement aux théories sur la recherchevisuelle indicée, il semblerait que l’ajout de nouvelles informations concernant leportrait du suspect n’améliore pas la détection de la cible recherchée ; certainsdescripteurs physiques n’étant pas utiles pour détecter la cible (expérience 2 )etce quel que soit leur ordre d’apparition dans la description physique (expérience3 ). En outre, l’ajout d’indices invalides sur le portrait physique du suspect a unimpact variable sur la détection selon le type de descripteurs (généraux, faciauxessentiels ou faciaux secondaires)(expérience 4 ). Par ailleurs, l’ajout d’indices nonphysiquesn’aide pas forcément les enquêteurs à détecter plus facilement leur cible(expériences 5 et 6 ). Enfin, nous avons montré que des facteurs contextuels et lescaractéristiques personnelles pouvaient modifier la prise de décision des enquêteurs(expérience 7 et 7 bis). Les analyses montrent que si les descriptions physiques lesplus complètes aident les enquêteurs à affiner la liste de suspects potentiels, elle n’améliore pas forcément la détection du criminel. Le système cognitif étant limité,toutes les informations de la description ne sont pas utilisées, l’individu va chercherà sélectionner l’information en se focalisant sur certains descripteurs physiquesjugés plus efficaces pour retrouver le suspect
This thesis focuses on the efficiency of suspects’ verbal description to detect himin hit and run or obvious offense contexts. This approach allows agents to know thesuspect’s identity when the officer does not detains any other available evidences.Description is the most commonly applied technique used by professionals in thefield, so it seems necessary to understand its use and impact on suspects’ detection.To achieve this goal, we designed a set of seven studies in order to test the mostefficient description to detect suspects. Our studies revealed that the more physicalclues of the criminal is given in the description, the more it helps officers to narrowsuspects (experiment 1 ). However, unlike theories of visual search, it seems thatadding information about suspect’s portrait does not improve detection ; somephysical descriptors are not useful to detect the target (experiment 2 ) regardlessof their rank order in the description’s list (experiment 3 ). Furthermore, adding"invalid clues" modulates detection depending on their properties (general, facialprimary, facial secondary experiment 4 ). In addition, inserting non-physical cluesin the description list do not necessarily help investigators to ease target detection(experiments 5 and 6 ). Finally, we showed that contextual factors and personalcharacteristics could change the officer’s decision (experiments 7 and 7bis). Ouranalyzes emphasised that the richer or the longer the list might not always be thebetter to reduce the number of suspects. In other words, while the most completeand detailled physicial descriptions help officers to narrow potential suspect’s list,it does not necessarily improve the criminal detection. As our cognitive systemis limited,the indivual must select information by focusing on specific physicaldescriptors thought to be more efficient to find the suspect

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Devadoss, Christabel. "Expressions of Tamil Identity: A Fluid Framework of Sound and Visuals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1400514306.

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C?sar, Coral Carolina. "Im?genes del indio: la representaci?n del ind?gena en los filmes Hans Staden (Brasil, 1999) de Luiz Alberto Pereira y Cautiverio Feliz (Chile, 1998) de Cristi?n S?nchez: un estudio comparativo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112700.

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Facultad de Filosof?a y Humanidades
Tesis para optar al grado de Mag?ster en Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigaci?n es analizar, y principalmente comparar, las representaciones de los ind?genas en las producciones cinematogr?ficas de Brasil y Chile realizadas a finales de los a?os 90. M?s espec?ficamente en producciones realizadas en el contexto de la conmemoraci?n del Descubrimiento de Am?rica.

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Frichtel, Myriam. "L'utilisation des indices de perspective et de gradients de texture à partir d'un support bidimensionnel chez les bébés de 4-5 mois." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H043.

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Nous nous demandons si la représentation de la profondeur et plus spécifiquement de la perspective, à partir d'un support bidimensionnel est possible chez les bébés. La revue de la littérature indique que le passage d'une perception tridimensionnelle à sa représentation en deux dimensions peut être difficile pour les bébés. Nous réalisons six expériences. Des situations de perspective animées sur un écran sont présentées aux bébés de 4-5 mois. Nous testons leurs capacités d'utilisation des indices de perspective seuls ou associés aux indices de gradients de texture. Les durées d'observations et les directions de regards des bébés sont enregistrées pendant les animations. Nous employons le paradigme de transgression des attentes. Nos résultats indiquent que les bébés sont sensibles aux indices de perspective vers 4-5 mois et qu'en augmentant le nombre d'indices visuels, leur perception paraît facilitée. Une discussion est établie en lien avec les différentes théories et méthodologies
We are wondering whether infants may perceive the depth representation and more particularly the perspective at a two dimensional display. The passage from a three dimensional perception to a two dimensional representation witch may be a difficulty for infants. Six experiments are carried out. During these experiments, perspective situations are animated and shown to 4 and 5-month-old infants on a screen in a dynamic way. Their capacities of using perspective cues alone or combined with texture gradient cues are tested. Visual data are recorded: the looking time data and the gaze directions during the animation in using an eye-tracking-system. The habituation/reaction-to-strange-event paradigm is also used. Results indicate that 4 and 5-month-old infants can already perceive the representation of the perspective situation on a 2D display and yet the increasing number of visual cues can make their perception easier. Results and various methods are discussed in connection with theories

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Nassif, Alessandra Cristina da Silva. "Reprodutibilidade e correlação in vivo dos métodos visuais e de fluorescência a laser na detecção de descolorações em sulcos e fossetas oclusais de molares decíduos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-15032007-093752/.

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Com o intuito de estudar in vivo a reprodutibilidade e a comparação de dois índices visuais (Ekstrand et al. (1998) ? E e Nyvad; Machiulskiene e Baelum (1999) ? N) e as medidas de fluorescência a laser AGNOdent®,KaVo - DD) na detecção de sulcos e fossetas descoloridos, um único examinador treinado, após a obtenção do consentimento livre e esclarecido de 28 pacientes, atribuiu os escores E, N e médias de fluorescência a laser de 190 molares decíduos com e sem descoloração em sulcos e fossetas oclusais. A reprodutibilidade dos índices visuais foi calculada a partir do teste kappa Cohen e kappa ponderado (kp), enquanto para as médias do DD foi calculado o índice de correlação de Pearson (rp). Para a comparação entre os índices visuais ainda se calculou a correlação de Spearman (rcs) e para a correlação entre os índices visuais e as médias do DD, foram aplicados o teste t de Student para as dicotomizações de presença de lesão, descoloração e atividade. Finalmente, foi calculada a análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparação entre as médias do DD e os graus de severidade das lesões. A reprodutibilidade dos índices visuais foi substancial (kpE = 0,645) e (kpN = 0,634) e as médias do DD apresentaram correlação de Pearson significativa e altamente positiva (rp = 0,930). A comparação entre os índices visuais também foi positiva e significativa principalmente quanto à severidade (rcs = 0,623) e nas dicotomizações para a presença de lesão (rcs = 0,765) e descoloração (rcs = 0,757). O teste t de Student para as comparações entre os índices e as médias do DD também se apresentaram significativos (p < 0,001) para presença de lesão e descoloração ao contrário dos resultados para atividade. A análise de variância entre os graus de severidade dos índices visuais e as médias do DD mostrou diferenças estaticamente significativas apenas entre os graus de severidade 0 e 1 (E - 2a) para o índice E e 0, 1 (N - 4) e 2 (N - 5) para o índice N. Conclui-se, para sulcos e fossetas descoloridos de molares decíduos, que (1) ambos os métodos (visuais e de fluorescência a laser) mostraram-se confiáveis (2) o DD foi capaz de diferenciar tecidos hígidos de lesões com descoloração e de (3) inativas intactas ou com microcavidades em esmalte.
Aiming at developing an in vivo study of the reproducibility and correlation of two visual indexes (Ekstrand et al. (1998) ? E and Nyvad; Machiulskiene and Baelum (1999) ? N) and the measures of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent®,KaVo - DD) for the detection of decolorised pits and fissures, a single trained examiner, after the free and aware consent of 28 patients, opened the scores E, N and laser fluorescence averages of 190 primary molars with and without occlusal discoloration in pits and fissures. The reproducibility of the visual indexes was calculated with basis on the kappa Cohen and weighted kappa (wk) tests, while for the DD averages the Perason´s correlation (rp) was calculated. To provide a comparison among the visual indexes, the Sperman´s correlation (rcs) was calculated, and for the correlation among the visual indexes and the DD averages, the Student´s t test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to compare the DD averages and the degree of severity of the lesions. The reproducibility of the visual indexes was substantial (wkE= 0,645) and (wkN= 0,634); the DD averages presented a significant and highly positive Pearson´s correlation (rP= 0,930). The comparison among the visual indexes proved to be positive and significant, mainly in relation to the severity (rcs= 0,623) and the dichotomisations for the presence of lesion (rcs= 0,765) and discoloration (rcs= 0,757). The Student´s t test of for the comparisons among the indexes and the DD averages also proved to be significant (p < 0,001) for the presence of lesion and discoloration, contrary to the activity results. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) among the degrees of severity and DD averages showed significant differences only at the degrees 0 and 1 (E ? 2a) of the E index and 0, 1 (N ? 4) and 2 (N ? 5) of the N index. The conclusions for pits and fissures with discoloration in primary molars are that (1) both methods (visual and laser fluorescence) were reliable (2) the DD was able to diferenciatte sound tissues from lesions with discoloration and (3) inactive intact or with microcavities lesions at the enamel level.

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Cáceres, Gallegos José Armando. "La articulación de códigos visuales de distintos géneros musicales en los carteles publicitarios de bandas Indie peruanas entre el 2015 y el 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656998.

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La presente investigación analiza la articulación de los códigos visuales de distintos géneros musicales en los carteles publicitarios de bandas Indie peruanas entre el 2015 y el 2020. Se plantea que los códigos visuales de distintos géneros musicales poseen diversos elementos identitarios, patrones, formas, colores, etc., que son articulados de manera particular en los carteles publicitarios de bandas Indies peruanas, como necesidad de búsqueda de identidad y elemento diferencial en la industria musical. La investigación está desarrollada de manera cualitativa, presentando el análisis de carteles de tres bandas conocidas en la escena musical, seleccionadas bajo el criterio de conveniencia. Se logra complementar este análisis descriptivo con entrevistas a expertos que trabajan en esta misma. Entre los principales resultados, se plantea que el/la diseñador/a gráfico/a cumple un rol mediador, como principal facilitador/a de difusión de los conceptos de la banda en los carteles de música Indie. Por otro lado, la jerarquía visual de los códigos visuales en los carteles musicales Indie responde en primera instancia a la ilustración como medio de impacto visual directo al público, luego el manejo de la información, los colores y la tipografía. Se concluyó que los carteles de las bandas Indies peruanas tienen diversas influencias al momento de ser elaborados y diseñados, tales como los códigos visuales de los géneros musicales, los ideales de la banda, el estilo musical, entre otros. Por esa razón, son representados gráficamente de forma libre, artística y detallada con la finalidad de formar elementos diferenciales con otras bandas (competencia).
This research analyzes the articulation of the visual codes of different musical genres in the advertising posters of Peruvian Indie bands between 2015 and 2020. It is proposed that the visual codes of different musical genres have different identity elements, patterns, shapes, colors and others that are articulated in a particular way in the advertising posters of Peruvian Indies bands, as a need to search for identity and differential elements in the music industry. The research is developed in a qualitative way, presenting the analysis of posters of three bands known in the music scene, selected under the criterion of convenience. This descriptive analysis is complemented with interviews with experts who have worked in the music scene. Among the main results, it is suggested that the graphic designer plays a mediating role, as the main facilitator of dissemination of the band's concepts on Indie music posters. On the other hand, the visual hierarchy of visual codes in Indie music posters responds in the first instance to illustration as a means of direct visual impact to the public, then the management of information, colors, and typography. It was concluded that the posters of the Peruvian Indies bands have various influences at the time of being elaborated and designed, such as the visual codes of the musical genres, the ideals of the band, the musical style, among others. For that reason, they are graphically represented in a free, artistic, and detailed way in order to form differential elements with other bands (competition).
Trabajo de investigación

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Sato, Sérgio Henrique Ossamu. "A tensão dialógica entre auto e heterorrepresentação no funeral Bororo na Terra Indígena de Meruri." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5210.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Henrique Ossamu Sato.pdf: 29131270 bytes, checksum: 6ed21b41bde4a7411a8a617749191dec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-18
The aim of this thesis was to build a communicative scheme which enable to assert the observer Bororo as a subject of your own history and a critic for the realized registers of languages which surrounds the mediatic world, increasing their perceptive capacity to recognize and differ the specific technique of each media. The intention after all is to make the Bororo people to live the contemporaneity gifted with enough technical and intellectual resources to allow a new cultural ethnography to merge, decentralized and with plural value cooperating to the development of self-representative work as a new language creator element.The starting point was the Visual Anthropology which provided theoretical base to the development of the field research, specially those raised and discussed by the Anthropologist Massimo Canevacci in Antropologia della comunicazione visuale and the Semiotic of the Culture, more specifically the Thoughts of the theorists Ivan Bystrina and Norval Baitello, which were an important tool to develop the text with the background of the Bororo funeral. The final product results led us to develop the hypermedia which consolidates the knowledge acquired through all those years of research, which appoints to the applicability of the theory developed by the researcher Sergio Bairon in regards to the trends of the Contemporaneous Scientific Language in digital expressivity. Finally, we believe this thesis is the chance to re-evaluate the methods used to serve the expressivity in the communication process considering societies developed from speech and iconography. Then, the thesis is composed by 3 narratives: one verbal and two not verbal composed by a sequence of pictures and by the hypermedia
O fundamento dessa dissertação foi montar um esquema comunicacional capaz de afirmar o observador Bororo como sujeito de sua própria história e crítico dos registros realizados de linguagens que circulam pelo mundo midiático, ampliando sua capacidade perceptiva para reconhecer e diferenciar a técnica específica de cada veículo. Dessa forma, o que se pretendeu acima de tudo, é que os Bororo vivam a contemporaneidade dotados de recursos técnicos e intelectuais suficientes para fazer emergir uma etnografia cultural, de valores plurais e descentrados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do trabalho autorepresentativo entre si, como elemento gerador de novas linguagens. O ponto de partida foi a Antropologia Visual que cedeu subsídios teóricos para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de campo, principalmente, aqueles levantados e discutidos pelo antropólogo Massimo Canevacci in Antropologia della comunicazione visuale e a Semiótica da Cultura, mais especificamente as reflexões dos teóricos Ivan Bystrina e Norval Baitello, importante instrumento para a construção do texto que teve como pano de fundo o funeral da etnia indígena Bororo. O produto final resultou na construção da hipermídia que sedimenta a aprendizagem adquirida no decorrer desses anos de estudos o que aponta para a aplicabilidade da teoria desenvolvida pelo estudioso Sérgio Bairon no que diz respeito às tendências da linguagem científica contemporânea em expressividade digital. Enfim, acreditamos que a importância dessa dissertação é a abertura para uma re-avaliação dos meios que servem à expressividade nos processos comunicacionais considerando as sociedades desenvolvidas a partir da oralidade e da iconografia. Dessa forma a dissertação compõe-se de três narrativas: uma verbal e duas não verbais construídas por uma sequência de fotos e pela hipermídia

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Dumas, Cédric. "Un modèle d'interaction 3D : Interaction Homme-Machine et Homme-Homme dans les interfaces 3D pour le TCAO Synchrone." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402247.

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Le projet SpIn définit un modèle d'interface tridimensionnelle pour le travail coopératif synchrone. Il s'agit de recréer virtuellement les conditions d'une réunion, en augmentant (par rapport au monde réel) les possibilités des utilisateurs.
Dans les réunions de petits groupes médiatisées, nous avons constaté les limites des interfaces 2D habituelles, et des solutions utilisant la vidéo pour établir une coopération. Nos travaux portent sur une nouvelle organisation de l'espace de travail, en trois dimensions. Il a fallu pour cela développer un système d'interaction, des couches les plus basses aux primitives d'interaction de haut niveau, afin de créer un modèle cohérent et complet, permettant d'interagir sur les documents partagés de la réunion, et avec ses interlocuteurs. Ce modèle est composé de règles de conception qui concernent aussi bien les dispositifs d'entrée que de sortie, il est basé sur des évaluations et sur une analyse des problèmes de perception de l'utilisateur face à un environnement 3D virtuel.
A partir de la définition de ces méthodes d'interaction de base du modèle, nous construisons des primitives d'interaction de haut niveau comme les menus 3D. Nous décrivons également nos choix en matière de communication, en tenant compte des paramètres essentiels de la coopération dans une réunion. La représentation des acteurs, sous forme de clones 3D, et des documents se fait dans le même espace, permettant de créer une cohérence visuelle forte de la scène, qui aide les utilisateurs dans la compréhension et la réalisation de leur tâche. Les clones étant entièrement paramétrables, on les anime pour informer un utilisateur sur l'activité de ses interlocuteurs.
Cet ensemble, basé sur la synthèse d'image temps réel et une démarche d'évaluations, forme un outil permettant d'organiser des réunions entre personnes distantes, comme des réunions de bureau d'étude, de la télévente, de l'enseignement à distance, etc.

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Lopis, Desirée. "Préservation des effets bénéfiques de deux indices contextuels dans la maladie d’Alzheimer ? : les odeurs et le contact par le regard." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100106/2019PA100106.pdf.

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La maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) est actuellement considérée comme un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Face à la stagnation des résultats issus des approches médicamenteuses, le développement et la validation de stratégies de prise en charge non médicamenteuses sont aujourd’hui particulièrement encouragées. Les odeurs et le regard direct (i.e. un regard dirigé vers soi qui aboutit à une situation de contact par le regard) sont deux indices contextuels connus pour avoir des influences bénéfiques communes sur la cognition normale. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de déterminer si ces influences sont préservées dans le vieillissement normal et dans la MA débutante. Nous nous sommes attachées à déterminer notamment si, dans ces deux populations: i) le regard direct induit une évaluation plus positive d’autrui et améliore la mémoire des visages ainsi que des associations prénoms-visages, ii) les odeurs sont des indices pertinents pour stimuler la mémoire autobiographique, par rapport à d’autres indices sensoriels, iii) un effet cumulatif des odeurs et du regard direct sur l’évaluation d’autrui ainsi que sur la mémoire des visages peut être observé (données de ce dernier axe finalisées uniquement dans la population adulte jeune à ce jour). Nos travaux explorent ces questions à travers quatre études comportementales, dont une intégrant également des données d’oculométrie. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats indiquent que les effets du regard direct sont préservés dans le vieillissement normale et la MA débutante: la perception d’un regard direct influence positivement l’évaluation d’autrui (étude 1), peut augmenter la mémoire des visages et la mémoire des prénoms (sans toutefois augmenter la mémoire de l’association visage-prénom – étude 2). Par ailleurs, dans ces populations, les stimuli olfactifs et visuels peuvent être considérés des outils de stimulation de la mémoire autobiographique plus pertinents que les stimuli auditifs (étude 3). Enfin, des données préliminaires de nature comportementale suggèrent une prédominance des effets des odeurs sur ceux du regard direct sur le plan de l’évaluation d’autrui chez les sujets jeunes (étude 4). La partie conclusive de cette thèse ouvre une réflexion sur les stratégies d’utilisation de ces indices dans un contexte clinique de stimulation cognitive des patients MA aux premiers stades de la maladie
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as a major public health concern. Given the poor outcomes associated with pharmacological approaches in dementia care, development and validation of non-pharmacological interventions have been promoted lately. Odors and direct gaze (i.e. another individual’s gaze directed to the observer leading to eye contact) are two contextual cues that are known to influence positively a wide range of cognitive processes in normal cognition. In this work, we aim to determine whether odors and direct gaze effects are preserved in normal ageing and in AD patients at the early stages of the disease. We namely aim to test whether, in these two populations i) direct gaze induces more positive appraisal of others and enhances memory for faces and for face-name association, ii) odors can be considered as particularly relevant cues to stimulate autobiographical memories as compared to other sensory cues, iii) a cumulative effect of odors and direct gaze effects on others’ appraisal and on memory for faces can be observed (data only recorded in healthy young to date). Our work explores these issues through four sets of behavioral studies, one of which also includes eye-tracking recording. Overall, our results suggest that direct gaze effects are preserved in normal ageing and in AD patients: perceiving a direct gaze influences positively others’ appraisal (study 1) and can increase memory for faces and for name (although it does not increase the memory of face-name association – study 2). In addition, we showed that olfactory and visual stimulation can be considered as a more relevant tool for autobiographical memory stimulation than auditory stimulation (study 3). Finally, preliminary behavioral data suggest a predominance of odors’ effects over direct gaze’s ones on others’ appraisal in young subjects (study 4). We discuss our findings in the context of their clinical implications. We namely evoke some cognitive stimulation strategies for AD patients involving direct gaze and odors

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Saruwatari, Michelli Massae. "Associação das doenças sistêmicas e hábitos de vida sobre a saúde ocular na população de Pratânia- SP." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150106.

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Orientador: Silvana Artioli Schellini
Resumo: Objetivo: O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar se as doenças sistêmicas e hábitos de fumar e ingerir bebidas alcoólicas estavam associadas à baixa visão e cegueira assim como a relação das doenças sistêmicas com as causas de baixa visão e cegueira em uma determinada população. Material e Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, de base populacional, no qual foram avaliadas 897 pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, residentes no Município de Pratânia, São Paulo, nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Os sujeitos foram atendidos na unidade de saúde do município e na unidade móvel oftalmológica. Os exames permitiram detectar as principais afecções oculares causadoras de baixa visão ou cegueira, assim como as principais afecções sistêmicas. Os dados foram transferidos para Tabela Excel e analisados estatisticamente utilizando o programa SAS, versão 9.3. Estatísticas descritivas e análises de associação buscaram conhecer a relação entre baixa visão ou cegueira com as doenças sistêmicas e hábitos de fumar ou ingerir bebida alcoólica. Resultados: Dentre as pessoas avaliadas, foram encontrados 19 cegos (2,1%) e 43 (4,8%) indivíduos portadores de baixa visão levando-se em conta a acuidade visual (AV) verificada. Após correção óptica, diminuiu para 4 (0,5%) cegos e 15 (1,7%) com baixa visão. Houve associação significativa entre idade avançada com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (81,8% dos idosos eram hipertensos), diabetes mellitus (20,4% dos idosos eram diabéticos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Purpose: The present study was conducted with the objective of verifying if the systemic diseases and smoking habits and drinking alcoholic drinks were associated with low vision and blindness as well as the relation of systemic diseases with the causes of low vision and blindness in a given population. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study, observational, population-based study that evaluated 897 people aged 18 years or more in the municipality of Pratânia, São Paulo, in the years 2007 and 2008. The subjects were attended at the health unit of the municipality and the ophthalmological mobile unit. The tests revealed the main ocular disorders that cause low vision or blindness, as well as the main illnesses systemic. The data were transferred to the Excel table and statistically analyzed using SAS software, version 9.3. Descriptive statistics and analyzes of association sought to know the relationship between the low vision or blindness with the systemic diseases and smoking habits or drinking alcoholic drinks. Results: Among the people evaluated were found 19 (2.1%) blind and 43 (4.8%) individuals with low vision in the assessment of visual acuity checked. After optical correction, it decreased to 4 (0.5%) blind and 15 (1.7%) with low vision. There was a significant association between advanced age with systemic arterial hypertension (81.8% of the elderly were hypertensive), diabetes (20.4% of the elderly were diabetic), dyslipidemia (48.5% of the elderly were dysli... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Dupuy, Emma. "Impact d'une déficience somesthésique sur les mécanismes de régulation du contrôle postural : un nouveau modèle, le syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos de type hypermobile." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC402/document.

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Le syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos (SED) est un groupe mixte de maladies héréditaires dont la caractéristique commune est une altération d’origine génétique du tissu conjonctif. Sa forme hypermobile (SEDh) se caractérise par une hypermobilité articulaire généralisée, associée à une hyperélasticité cutanée, générant toutes deux un déficit somesthésique. Or, le système somesthésique est, avec les systèmes visuel et vestibulaire, crucialement impliqué dans le fonctionnement du système sensorimoteur. Ce travail de thèse visait donc à comprendre comment le déficit somesthésique propre au SEDh modifie les mécanismes perceptifs et sensorimoteurs sous-tendant le contrôle postural. L’appréhension de ces mécanismes s’est articulée autour de deux types d’approches : l’une indirecte, au travers de l’étude des mécanismes sensoriels sous-tendant la perception de la verticale, et l’autre directe, au travers d’analyses posturographiques approfondies.Le premier objectif de travail visait à déterminer comment le déficit somesthésique affecte l’utilisation des cadres de référence spatiale (allocentré, égocentré et géocentré) pour la perception de la verticale visuelle. Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit deux études évaluant respectivement la perception de la verticale avec ou sans indices visuels (test de la baguette et du cadre, RFT ; test de verticale visuelle subjective, VVS). Ces deux études ont montré que le déficit somesthésique diminuait la contribution du référentiel égocentré (axe corporel) à la perception de la verticale. En réponse, les patients présentent une plus grande dépendance au champ visuel et s’appuient donc préférentiellement sur le référentiel allocentré. Le second axe de travail visait à identifier les stratégies sensorielles adoptées par ces patients, et à évaluer les répercussions de celles-ci sur les mécanismes de régulation posturale. Ces questions ont été investiguées au moyen d’évaluations posturographiques approfondies, utilisant à la fois des paradigmes de perturbation sensorielle et de double tâche, ainsi que des analyses linéaires et non-linéaires. Nous avons ainsi observé que le déficit somesthésique des patients altérait la contribution de la proprioception musculaire aux mécanismes en charge de la régulation automatique de l’équilibre postural. Ces modifications dans la régulation posturale se répercutent par une augmentation du monitoring actif des oscillations posturales par le système nerveux central. En retour, les patients SEDh développent une visuodépendance, et mettent en place des stratégies adaptatives basées sur une rigidification des mécanismes correctifs à long terme. Enfin, deux études pilotes ont été conduites afin de tester l’effet de stratégies de remédiation proprioceptive, à savoir les orthèses somesthésiques et la reprogrammation sensorimotrice, sur le contrôle postural de ces patients. Chacune de ces prises en charge semble exercer un effet bénéfique sur leur contrôle postural, qui se traduit par une augmentation de la stabilité posturale lors du port des orthèses somesthésiques, et une amélioration de l’efficacité du contrôle postural suite à la reprogrammation sensorimotrice. Néanmoins, les résultats indiquent également que l’effet immédiat opéré par les dispositifs orthétiques de suppléance somesthésique est limité puisqu’il ne permet pas de diminuer la visuodépendance des patients. Cet effet est, en revanche, induit par l’action de la reprogrammation sensorimotrice, qui, par le renforcement du système proprioceptif, libère les patients SEDh de leur visuodépendance. Ainsi, ces observations nous ont permis de caractériser les spécificités de la régulation posturale chez les patients SEDh, et, de façon préliminaire, d’observer la façon dont celles-ci évoluent en réponse à des prises en charge spécifiquement orientées sur la remédiation sensorielle
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the clinical manifestation of hereditary connective tissue disorders, comprising several clinical forms. The EDS hypermobility type (EDSh) is characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and variable skin hyperextensibility, which both generate somatosensory impairment. Somatosensory system is, together with visual and vestibular systems, crucially involved in sensorimotor system functioning. The aim of this work was to understand the impact of impaired proprioception on perceptive and sensorimotor mechanisms underlying postural control in EDSh patients. Evaluation of postural control was structured around two approaches. The first one was indirect, and evaluated the sensory mechanism underlying vertical perception. The second one was direct, and used detailed stabilometric analyses to investigate postural control.The first objective of this work was to evaluate how somatosensory impairment affects the contribution of spatial frame of reference (allocentric, egocentric, and geocentric) to visual vertical perception. Two types of tests were conducted to assess the vertical perception with and without visual information (Rod and Frame Test, RFT; Subjective visual vertical, SVV). These two studies showed that somatosensory impairment reduces the contribution of egocentric frame of reference (body axis) to vertical perception. In response, patients increase their visual field dependence, and thus, use preferentially allocentric frame of reference. The second axis aimed to identify sensory strategies adopted by these patients and their repercussion on postural regulation mechanisms. To investigate this question, a thorough postural assessment was conducted, using sensory perturbation and dual-task paradigm, and linear and non-linear analyses. We observed that somatosensory impairment impacts muscular proprioceptive contribution to automatic regulation mechanism involved in postural control. These modifications in postural regulation induce an increase of active monitoring of postural sway. In response, EDSh patients develop a visual dependence, and produce adaptive strategies based on stiffening of corrective mechanisms acting in long term. Finally, two pilot studies were conducted to test the impact of proprioceptive remediation, somatosensory orthoses and sensorimotor rehabilitation program, on postural control of these patients. Both of these two therapeutic solutions seem to induce a beneficial effect on postural control. This effect is reflected by an improvement of postural stability when patients wore somatosensory orthoses, and an enhancement of postural efficiency in response to sensorimotor rehabilitation. However, results also indicate that the immediate effect induced by orthotic device of somatosensory substitution is limited, because it did not help to decrease visual dependency. Hence, these observations allowed us to identify the postural regulation specificities in EDSh patients, and, in a preliminary way, to observe how they change in response to therapeutic solutions based on sensory remediation

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48

Chadwick, Michèle. "Cognitive mechanisms underlying the determining of relevance : the causal role of body states." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080036/document.

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La quantité d’informations à laquelle nous sommes chaque jour confrontésconditionne notre survie à la capacité de détecter rapidement ce qui est le pluspertinent dans notre environnement. Nos cerveaux ont ainsi évolué afin dedéclencher, en réponse aux stimuli pertinents, des changements d’état affectif quinous informent alors de l’existence et de la nature de ces stimuli. Or, tandis que lesétats émotionnels, induits par des états corporels, impactent notre perception desstimuli émotionnels, l’influence de ces états corporels sur l’évaluation de lapertinence de stimuli externes est méconnue. Nous avons ici examiné le rôle queces états du corps, transitoires et socialement signifiants, jouent dans l'évaluation dela pertinence des expressions faciales de menace. Lors de nos testscomportementaux, où variaient le degré de pertinence des stimuli et le focusattentionnel, nous avons modulé l'état corporel des participants à l’aide de posturesdominantes ou non dominantes réalisées avant les tâches. Nous avons alorsdémontré que ces postures influencent l'évaluation de la pertinence des expressionsde menace, en accord avec le statut social qu’elles incarnent. De plus, ceci n’a étérévélé que lorsque le traitement de ces stimuli était implicite, soulignant alors lasaillance de ces derniers. Ainsi, nos résultats démontrent que les états corporelsinfluencent non seulement l'évaluation de la pertinence, mais la déterminent, car desstimuli par ailleurs pertinents ne sont plus évalués comme tels selon la postureadoptée. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’état du corps interagit avec nos états affectifspour signaler à l’observateur quels indices sociaux sont pertinents
Given the quantity of information with which we are constantly confronted, our survival depends on the ability to rapidly detect and attend to what is most relevant. To this end, our brains have evolved to trigger changes in our affective state in response to relevant objects and events, which inform us of their existence and of their nature. While body-induced affective states impact the perception of congruent emotional stimuli, it is still unknown whether body-induced affective states influence the manner in which the relevance of external stimuli is determined and therefore perceived. Here, we examined the role that socially meaningful transient body states play in the evaluation of relevance of facial displays of threat. In a series of behavioral experiments, we modulated participants’ body state, instructing them to hold dominant or non-dominant postures prior to behavioral tests, in which we varied the degree of relevance of the stimuli and the focus of attention. We first demonstrated that these body postures, in accordance with the social status they embody, influenced the evaluation of the relevance of threatening facial displays. Moreover, this impact occurred where facial displays were processed implicitly, highlighting the saliency of these social cues. Overall, our studies demonstrate, that body states, not only influence the evaluation of relevance, but determine it, as otherwise relevant social cues, were no longer evaluated as such. These findings suggest that body states interact with affective states to signal which social cues are relevant to the observer

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Manuel, Alexandre. "Information d’urgence et information télévisée : analyse d’un paradigme communicationnel (les événements du tsunami de 2004 et du 11 septembre 2001)." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1007/document.

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Bien que le continuum discursif de l’information télévisée soit marqué par un rituel quotidien, il inscrit les événements dans différents niveaux de profondeur pathémiques. Lors de grandes catastrophes telles que le tsunami d’Asie du Sud-Est de 2004 ou le 11 septembre de 2001, le degré de profondeur atteint semble avoir cristallisé une forme particulière, que le travail de thèse désigne comme information d’urgence, à l’égard de laquelle il s’attache à dessiner les plans conceptuels et définitionnels. Majoritairement manifestée par l’immixtion massive d’images d’amateurs, l’information d’urgence installe des conditions de lecture capables d’élever le pathos à son paroxysme, sur le fond d’une vérité probatoire qui plonge ses racines dans les pratiques sociales/culturelles. Alors qu’ils filtrent la « bonne » réception de l’image, comment les signes de l’imperfectibilité (caractéristiques de ces images) arrivent-ils à renvoyer au monde naturel avec une vérité saisissante ? Comment participent-ils à l’élaboration de la visée pragmatique de l’urgence ? Constituent-ils une autonomie ? En s’appuyant sur un corpus télévisuel de différents pays (France, Portugal et États-Unis), l’exploration des éléments constitutifs de l’information d’urgence guide la réflexion au-delà de la strate sémio-textuelle, vers l’analyse du paradigme communicationnel. En conséquence, s’inscrivant dans une polyphonie sémiotique (autour du verbal, du visuel et des pratiques), cette traversée interrogera les plans d’immanence avant de conduire à une définition stable du syntagme information d’urgence
Despite being a discursive continuum, broadcasted news is marked by daily ritual; it inscribes events into various pathemic depth levels. When catastrophes such as the 2004 South-Asian tsunami or the 9/11 attacks of 2001 occur, the depth level that is reached seems to crystallize into a specific form. My thesis work has led me to conceptualize this particular form as “emergency news” (information d’urgence) and the research aims at defining its conceptual and constitutive traits.“Emergency news” is mainly characterized by a significant amount of amateur images, intermingled with standard professional images. “Emergency news” thus sets up interpretation/reception conditions which in turn are able to heighten pathos to its maximum, within a background frame consisting of a proven truth rooted into social and cultural practices. When signs of imperfection —which are characteristic of amateur images— filter the “right” image reception, how can they reflect the natural world in a strikingly realistic way? How do they contribute to the pragmatic aims of urgency and emergency? Do they work in an autonomous manner? Based on a corpus composed of broadcasted images and news reports from three different countries (France, Portugal and the United States), the exploration of the various elements constitutive of “emergency news” guides the reflexion beyond the semio-textual strata, toward the analysis of the communicational paradigm. Thus, with its inscription in semiotic polyphony (revolving around the visual, the verbal and practices), this journey will question planes of immanence before leading to a stable definition of the “emergency news” syntagm

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Borke, Lukas. "Dynamic Clustering and Visualization of Smart Data via D3-3D-LSA." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18307.

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Mit der wachsenden Popularität von GitHub, dem größten Online-Anbieter von Programm-Quellcode und der größten Kollaborationsplattform der Welt, hat es sich zu einer Big-Data-Ressource entfaltet, die eine Vielfalt von Open-Source-Repositorien (OSR) anbietet. Gegenwärtig gibt es auf GitHub mehr als eine Million Organisationen, darunter solche wie Google, Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, CRAN, RStudio, D3, Plotly und viele mehr. GitHub verfügt über eine umfassende REST API, die es Forschern ermöglicht, wertvolle Informationen über die Entwicklungszyklen von Software und Forschung abzurufen. Unsere Arbeit verfolgt zwei Hauptziele: (I) ein automatisches OSR-Kategorisierungssystem für Data Science Teams und Softwareentwickler zu ermöglichen, das Entdeckbarkeit, Technologietransfer und Koexistenz fördert. (II) Visuelle Daten-Exploration und thematisch strukturierte Navigation innerhalb von GitHub-Organisationen für reproduzierbare Kooperationsforschung und Web-Applikationen zu etablieren. Um Mehrwert aus Big Data zu generieren, ist die Speicherung und Verarbeitung der Datensemantik und Metadaten essenziell. Ferner ist die Wahl eines geeigneten Text Mining (TM) Modells von Bedeutung. Die dynamische Kalibrierung der Metadaten-Konfigurationen, TM Modelle (VSM, GVSM, LSA), Clustering-Methoden und Clustering-Qualitätsindizes wird als "Smart Clusterization" abgekürzt. Data-Driven Documents (D3) und Three.js (3D) sind JavaScript-Bibliotheken, um dynamische, interaktive Datenvisualisierung zu erzeugen. Beide Techniken erlauben Visuelles Data Mining (VDM) in Webbrowsern, und werden als D3-3D abgekürzt. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) misst semantische Information durch Kontingenzanalyse des Textkorpus. Ihre Eigenschaften und Anwendbarkeit für Big-Data-Analytik werden demonstriert. "Smart clusterization", kombiniert mit den dynamischen VDM-Möglichkeiten von D3-3D, wird unter dem Begriff "Dynamic Clustering and Visualization of Smart Data via D3-3D-LSA" zusammengefasst.
With the growing popularity of GitHub, the largest host of source code and collaboration platform in the world, it has evolved to a Big Data resource offering a variety of Open Source repositories (OSR). At present, there are more than one million organizations on GitHub, among them Google, Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, CRAN, RStudio, D3, Plotly and many more. GitHub provides an extensive REST API, which enables scientists to retrieve valuable information about the software and research development life cycles. Our research pursues two main objectives: (I) provide an automatic OSR categorization system for data science teams and software developers promoting discoverability, technology transfer and coexistence; (II) establish visual data exploration and topic driven navigation of GitHub organizations for collaborative reproducible research and web deployment. To transform Big Data into value, in other words into Smart Data, storing and processing of the data semantics and metadata is essential. Further, the choice of an adequate text mining (TM) model is important. The dynamic calibration of metadata configurations, TM models (VSM, GVSM, LSA), clustering methods and clustering quality indices will be shortened as "smart clusterization". Data-Driven Documents (D3) and Three.js (3D) are JavaScript libraries for producing dynamic, interactive data visualizations, featuring hardware acceleration for rendering complex 2D or 3D computer animations of large data sets. Both techniques enable visual data mining (VDM) in web browsers, and will be abbreviated as D3-3D. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) measures semantic information through co-occurrence analysis in the text corpus. Its properties and applicability for Big Data analytics will be demonstrated. "Smart clusterization" combined with the dynamic VDM capabilities of D3-3D will be summarized under the term "Dynamic Clustering and Visualization of Smart Data via D3-3D-LSA".

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indice visuel'

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