Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indices de défavorisation sociale'
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Pouliquen, Valérie. "Inégalités sociales de santé en transplantation rénale. Renal transplantation outcome and social deprivation in the French healthcare system: a cohort study using the European Deprivation Index Transplant center characteristics associated with living-donor kidney transplantation: a cohort study with a hierarchical modeling approach Is self-care dialysis associated with social deprivation in a universal health care system? A cohort study with the data from the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network Registry." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC423.
Full textReducing social inequalities in health is an important objective internationally. An European transnational index, European Deprivation Index (EDI), estimates the individual experience of social deprivation and allows comparison between regions and countries.This work focuses on the social deprivation estimated by EDI in nephrology. Using EDI, our studies showed that 32% of transplanted patients lived in the most deprived areas. Social deprivation was associated with the increased risk of death in renal transplanted patients.In France, there was heterogeneity between transplant centers regarding living-donor kidney transplantation. Gender and social deprivation estimated by EDI were associated with lower likelihood of LDKT. Number of senior nephrologists or coordinators and the existence of ABO incompatible program could influence the use of LDKT.In France, social deprivation estimated by the EDI is associated with self-care dialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing replacement therapy. Compared with the general population, ESRD patients treated by dialysis experienced a high level of social deprivation.Social inequalities in nephrology could be reduced by early interventions during healthcare pathway. New approaches targeted ESRD patients should be explored at the dialysis or transplantation centers levels
Kadachi, Hichem. "Association entre la défavorisation matérielle et sociale et la qualité du traitement médicamenteux antidépresseur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30548/30548.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate in subjects covered by the Quebec Régime général d’assurance médicament (RGAM) with a new episode of depression, the association between material and social deprivation and the quality of antidepressant drug treatment. The information was obtained from databases of the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. Among the 100 455 subjects included, 65% had at least one claim for an antidepressant in the year following the diagnosis. The most materially deprived subjects were slightly more likely to be exposed to an antidepressant than the least deprived. This association was reversed for the social deprivation. No statistically significant association was observed between the level of deprivation and quality indicators (first-line antidepressant, dose, persistence and compliance). These results will contribute to determine if the objective of RGAM to provide equal access to drug treatment regardless of the income status is achieved in this population.
Alexopoulos, Théodore. "Les émotions invisibles : Impact des indices affectifs implicites sur le comportement et jugement social." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H061.
Full textThe claim of this research is that implicit affective information triggers behavioral tendencies of approach or avoidance that influence information processing and judgment. Our work shows that implicit positive information fosters a more elaborated processing of information compared to implicit negative information. These effects are accounted for by the elicitation of behavioral tendencies. In our studies, the evaluation of implicit stimuli has direct consequences on behavior. Moreover, these behavioral tendencies have motivational implications for information processing. Accordingly, we show that bodily cues of approach increase stereotype use compared to bodily cues of avoidance. At the outcome, this research reveals that traditional models of the impact of affective states on judgment are insufficient to account for these effects and stress the importance of consciousness as an important moderator of the effects of emotion on cognition
Khani, Hossein. "Ordinal Power Indices." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLD025.
Full textThe design of procedures aimed at ranking individuals according to how they behave in various groups is of great importance in many practical situations. The problem occurs in a variety of scenarios coming from social choice theory,cooperative game theory or multi-attribute decision theory, and examples include: comparing researchers in a scientificdepartment by taking into account their impact across different teams; finding the most influential political parties in aparliament based on past alliances within alternative majority coalitions; rating attributes according to their influence ina multi-attribute decision context, where independence of attributes is not verified because of mutual interactions. However, in many real world applications, a precise evaluation on the coalitions’ “power” may be hard for many reasons (e.g., uncertain data, complexity of the analysis, missing information or difficulties in the update, etc.). In this case, it may be interesting to consider only ordinal information concerning binary comparisons between coalitions. The main objectiveof this thesis is to study the problem of finding an ordinal ranking over the set N of individuals (called social ranking),given an ordinal ranking over its power set (called power relation). In order to do that, during the thesis we use notionsin classical voting theory and cooperative game theory. Mainly, we have defined solution concepts named ceteris paribusmajority rule, and ordinal Banzhad index, which are respectively inspired from classical voting theory and cooperativegame theory. Since the majority of our work in the thesis is to study solutions from property-driven approach, we axiomatically study the solutions by reformulating axioms in classical voting theory. Finally, exploring weighted extensionsof the ceteris paribus majority rule to rank more than two individuals result in an axiomatic study of families of weightedsolutions
Goujon, Aurélie. "Indices d'incompréhension et séquences de réparation dans l'interaction en face-à-face : une analyse multimodale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0326.
Full textIn this work, we focus on eyebrows movements in face to face interaction as a resource usedby one speaker to inform the other that there is an understanding problem. Our aim is to describethe interactional sequence in which this movement appears, and to describe the interactionaltrajectories used by the speaker to solve the misunderstanding that took place. Our work comeswithin the scope of Interactional Linguistics that recommend the study of the whole ofmultimodal resources without necessarily analysing them systematically.Our methodology comes from corpus linguistics, allowing us to perform a systematic analysisof these phenomena. This method consists in first annotating the eyebrows movements (raisingand frowning) that are produced as a response by the interlocutor in 3 different interactioncorpora. These movements annotations are performed manually first, and then automaticallythanks to the development of a tool that makes it possible to detect and automatically annotatethem. Then, the annotation of the different sequences that include an understanding problem ismade from pre- existing criteria from the literature (Weigand, 1999 ; Antaki, 2012).This work will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of social interaction, taking allof the multimodal complexity that they imply into account. This study sheds light on the roleplayed by eyebrows movements as a practice to initiate understanding-problem sequences, andalso as a practice used as a disalignment and realignment cues during the aforementionedsequences
Gagné-Delorme, Audrey. "Réseaux sociaux chez le mouflon d'Amérique (Ovis canadensis)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6036.
Full textParisot, Maelle. "Le statut social et le choix du partenaire chez le canari domestique commun (Serinus canaria): indices comportementaux, hormonaux et vocaux." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132018.
Full textJacquot, Amélie. "Influence des indices sociaux non-verbaux sur les jugements métacognitifs rétrospectifs : études comportementales, électromyographiques et interculturelles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100131/document.
Full textActions and decisions most often take place in the presence of others. Previous social psychology studies have shown the effects of social information on external and observable behaviors. In this work, we aim to determine to what extent social information also influences the internal metacognitive monitoring processes underlying cognitive actions and decision-making. Non-verbal social cues (such as gaze direction and facial expressions) constitute an important part of human communication. Here, we have tested (i) whether non-verbal social cues are integrated into the processes of retrospective metacognitive monitoring (i.e. into the assessment of confidence-based judgment); (ii) whether filtering mechanisms are used to modulate the impact of these cues on confidence-based judgment, depending on cue relevance; and (iii) whether participants’ culture (collectivist versus individualist) modulates the impact of these cues on confidence-based judgment. Our work explores these issues through four sets of behavioral studies, two of which also exploring facial expressions using electromyography, and two of which exploring intercultural differences (comparing Japanese and French participants). Overall, we observed that non-verbal social cues that reinforce individuals' choices automatically increase their confidence in those choices, even when the cues are unreliable. The processing of these particular social cues (in the context of the assessment of confidence-based judgment) follow a heuristic pathway. The effects are similar among Japanese and French participants, although somewhat more marked among Japanese participants (i.e. the collectivist culture). The electromyographic recordings of significant facial expressions during the cognitive task likely reflect different mechanisms depending on individuals’ cultural values. We discuss our findings in the context of their clinical and learning applications
Soury, Mariette. "Détection multimodale du stress pour la conception de logiciels de remédiation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112278/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the automatic recognition of human stress during stress-inducing interactions (public speaking, job interview and serious games), using audio and visual cues.In order to build automatic stress recognition models, we used audio cues computed from subjects' voice captured via a lapel microphone, and visual cues computed either form subjects' facial expressions captured via a webcam, or subjects' posture captured via a Kinect. Part of this work is dedicated to the study of information fusion form those various modalities.Stress expression and coping are influenced both by interpersonal differences (personality traits, past experiences, cultural background) and contextual differences (type of stressor, situation's stakes). We evaluated stress in various populations in data corpora collected during this thesis: social phobics in anxiety-inducing situations in interaction with a machine and with humans; apathologic subjects in a mock job interview; and apathologic subjects interaction with a computer and with the humanoid robot Nao. Inter-individual and inter-corpora comparisons highlight the variability of stress expression.A possible application of this work could be the elaboration of therapeutic software to learn stress coping strategies, particularly for social phobics.Key words: stress, social phobia, multimodal stress detection, stress audio cues, stress facial cues, stress postural cues, multimodal fusion
Albouy-Llaty, Marion. "Exposition prénatale hydrique aux perturbateurs endocriniens et issues de grossesse." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT1401/document.
Full textDrinking-water as a source of exposure to endocrine disruptors, particularly in pregnant women whose water-use habits change during pregnancy, has seldom been studied. Our objectives were i) to study the possible relationship between prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors in drinking water, socioeconomic factors and prevalence of neonates born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or preterm birth ; ii) to estimate for the first time in France the water-use habits of pregnant women throughout pregnancy.Three epidemiologic studies from a retrospective cohort were carried out on 13,654 pregnant women who gave birth in Deux-Sèvres (France) between 2005 and 2010. An exposure to moderate dose of nitrates in drinking-water increased SGM risk, particularly for women living in less deprived areas. No relationship between prenatal exposure to 2-hydroxyatrazin in drinking-water and preterm birth risk was found.Water-use habits during pregnancy were assessed with a questionnaire on 132 women from the EDDS prospective cohort. Water ingestion was stable during pregnancy and tap water predominated over bottled water. In order to reconstitute the dose of pollutant intake from water, the results of this estimation by questionnaire will need to be merged with analytical dosages in waters and biological matrices.Our study confirms the interest of an interdisciplinary approach to environmental health and the key importance of education in that field
Villordon, Mae Brigitt Bernadel. "Index de vulnérabilité sanitaire pour les crues urbaines : évaluation de la vulnérabilité sociale et des risques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4145/document.
Full textAccording to the World Risk Report released by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, the Philippines is ranked third globally in terms of disaster risk. Public health risks and understanding social vulnerability are usually overlooked and very little attention is given. Thus, this research work focuses on. This research was an exploratory step and a rapid assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of the community people towards flood vulnerability and resilience and their exposure to microorganisms such as E.coli, Leptospirosis and the Dengue Fever mosquito. Appropriate community-based indicators were formulated and developed. Their socio-demographic profile, housing conditions, physical environment and governance were also included. The survey was done from March 2013 to July 2013 to capture the dry and wet season for bacterial sampling. A total of 357 household respondents from the 12 communities and 30 respondents from the LGU and NGO were surveyed. Results of the study revealed an overall Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) of 39.34%. Barangay Tabuc-tubig (53.39%) topping from all the 12 communities surveyed using the newly developed 36 community-based flood vulnerability indicators with its corresponding 5 major components namely; hydro-climatic, social, economic, socio-behavioral and the politico-administrative. It is interesting to note that FVI remains low in spite that the exposure indicators are high. The low FVI can be attributed to the community’s high resilience in its coping and adaptation strategies. In this research work, the FVI is significantly sensitive to susceptibility and flood resilience variables
Dasré, Aurélien. "Les mesures du regroupement spatial des populations : aspects méthodologiques et applications aux grandes aires urbaines françaises." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40043/document.
Full textThe study of spatial clustering’s phenomena of people in zones often focuses on the moststrongly polarized spaces, it can be about "ghettos" of "rich" or "poor people". Nevertheless, theseareas represent a small part of the French urban space. Without denying the existence of these zones,this work will study the phenomena of spatial clustering from an exhaustive point of view. Thisrequired the development of a methodology allowing to take into account the complexity of thesocioeconomic and sociodemographic specialization of territories. The impact of the geographicalscale selected in analyses, on the results both in term of intensity and evolution is turned to be acentral topic of the problematic. By basing itself on this comparative analysis of the geographicalscales of clustering, this work gives an overview of the clustering profiles in 18 French urban areas. Itappeared that there is a similarity of these phenomena between big cities. Human distributions followa sectorial model on a socioeconomic point of view when they follow a concentric model bysociodemographic variables. The combination of these two paradigms of grouping so allowed a globalanalysis of the phenomena of socio-spatial clustering
L'Huillier, Hélène. "L’impact de projets locaux de RSE sur le développement humain durable : Applications à des projets menés par des multinationales au Nigeria et au Mexique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12010.
Full textGiven the recent legal framework on corporate social responsibility (CSR), multinational corporations show growing interest in measuring the social impact of their practices. Based on two case studies, this thesis examines the impact which CSR projects have on the affected populations’ human development, including a measure of relational development. The first part of the thesis constructs the theoretical framework. Uncovering the assumptions underlying the three objects of study – development indicators, views on CSR and impact assessment approaches – reveals convergences and incompatibilities between different postures. This framework justifies the choice of a methodology based on the use of non-experimental quantitative methods joined to qualitative analyses, which mobilizes a multidimensional approach to development founded on the capability approach. The second part of the thesis presents two empirical applications based on the impact assessment of Total's societal programs in Nigeria and of a waste pickers inclusion project conducted by Danone in Mexico. The empirical results show that beyond their impact on poverty, these projects have important effects on the social fabric. This provides evidence for the value of evaluative frameworks which use unconventional indicators and which inform quantitative data with a qualitative analysis of the processes of change and the balance of power involved
GRAZIANO, PAOLA. "RISCHIO, VULNERABILITA' E RESILIENZA TERRITORIALE: IL CASO DELLE PROVINCE ITALIANE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1952.
Full textThe aim of the work is to provide a theoretical framework regarding the multidimensional concept of vulnerability of local systems, then applying it to a case study on Italian provinces. The first chapter outlines a theoretical framework of this concept, using a reading of the phenomenon according to a systemic mold, whereby the risk is positively correlated with spatial vulnerability factors and negatively with resilience factors. Region is represented in the three dimensions of sustainability, that is the economic, social and environmental ones, following a holistic approach. The second one applies the theoretical framework for a study on the Italian provinces. We have adopted a method of synthesis by successive steps, which provides the application of multivariate techniques. We arrive at an indicators system and composite indices of economic, social and environmental vulnerability and resilience. In the third one we reach the composite indices of vulnerability and resilience of local systems, comparing different methods of aggregation among themselves. Systems are identified as most at risk, because more vulnerable and less gifted with factors of response to change. Elements of originality are highlighted in terms of theoretical project for the treatment of the theme in the distinct dimensions Economy, Society and Environment, as well as, at empirical level, the usage of hybrid synthesis methods.
Dasre, Aurélien. "Les mesures du regroupement spatial des populations. Aspects méthodologiques et applications aux grandes aires urbaines françaises." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770259.
Full textZidat, Timothée. "Communication chimique chez un mammifère social et monogame : rôle dans la sélection sexuelle et les relations entre groupes?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1072.
Full textChemical communication (or olfaction) is the most common form of communication in the animal kingdom and plays an essential role in mediating social and reproductive behaviour. During my Ph.D. thesis, I study the role of chemical communication in a social species, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). I was first interested in the role of olfaction in sexual selection context. The Alpine marmot is a cooperative breeder and only the dominant pair access to the reproduction, generating an intense intra-sexual competition for access to reproduction. By analysing anal gland secretions of 154 individuals with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, I found that anal gland secretions could inform on sexual maturity, social status and sex. This information may be involved in intra-sexual competition in this species. Furthermore, although being a socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity occurs in the Alpine marmot. Females choose males with an optimal genetic compatibility (relatedness and genotype to the Major Histocompatibility Complex). By analysing anal gland secretions of 63 sexually mature marmots, I found a significant concordance between chemical distance and relatedness, allowing females to assess the genetic compatibility of the potential partners. Finally, the Alpine marmot as being a territorial species, I was interested in the role of olfaction in relations between groups. For this, I tested the "dear enemy" hypothesis and I highlighted that any stranger to the social group is considered as an enemy of the group. To conclude, chemical communication plays an essential role in social and reproductive interactions in social species
Rathelot, Roland. "Ségrégation résidentielle et situation professionnelle des descendants d'immigrés en France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0114.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to provide new empirical evidence about the phenomenon of discrimination towards immigrants' children on the French labor market and about residential segregation by national origin in France. The main results are the following. The wage differential between French workers of French and African origin are almost entirely accounted for by differences in human capital. Conversely, human capital explain little of the employment probability gap. When one controls for individuals' residence location, the unexplained employment gap between the two groups is reduced but remains substantial. This thesis also provides some results about migrants' and migrants' children's residence location, geographical concentration and residential segregation. French individuals with parents of African, Asia and Middle Eastern origins are shown to be more segregated than those with European parents or French parents. Finally, this thesis has many methodological contributions. Decompositions of wage gaps taking selection into account as well as decompositions of employment gaps taking residence location into account are introduced. A new bias-correcting method for segregation indices computed on small units as well as a segregation index based on continuous non-parametrically estimated densities are also proposed
Chabant, Ophélie. "Quels rôles pour les acteurs locaux dans les projets de revitalisation urbaine intégrée? : regard sur le projet Laurentien-Grenet à Montréal." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4696/1/M12265.pdf.
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