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Academic literature on the topic 'Indices de sélection (Amélioration des plantes)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Indices de sélection (Amélioration des plantes)"
Loumerem, Mohamed, Patrick Van Damme, Touhami Kourchani, Dirk Reheul, and Tillo Behaeghe. "Etudes des composantes du rendement et la qualité nutritionnelle du fourrage de quelques lignées de mil Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. des zones arides en Tunisie." Afrika Focus 29, no. 1 (February 5, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v29i1.4819.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Indices de sélection (Amélioration des plantes)"
Atangana, Alain Rene. "Phenotypic diversity in fruit and seed traits, and neutral genetic diversity in Allanblackia Floribunda." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27171/27171.pdf.
Full textAllanblackia floribunda or tallow tree is a tropical forest-tree species that is valued for its seeds, which are rich in hard fat consisting mostly of stearic and oleic acids, reported to lower plasma cholesterol levels, thus reducing the risks of heart attack. Owing to this fat profile, Allanblackia oil is used for margarine production and in soap and ointments manufacture, and seeds extracted from Allanblackia fruits by local communities are traded. We determined whether the species could be genetically improved for fruit/seed production by sampling 17 to 40 fruits from each of 70 trees that were distributed among four sites in wild stands. Fat was extracted from the seeds, and stearic and oleic acid content of the fat was estimated using methods developed in this study. Phenotypic variation in fruit/seed traits was assessed within- and among-trees, and among sites. Repeatabilities were estimated for measured characters, and relationships between these characters investigated. Twenty “plus trees” were selected for breeding, and implications for improvement discussed. Then we isolated and characterized ten microsatellite primer pairs for A. floribunda. Seven of these microsatellite loci were polymorph for both Allanblackia gabonensis and Allanblackia stanerana species as well. Using eight informative microsatellite loci, we have characterized the genetic structure of A. floribunda natural populations from Cameroon, and inferred the recent history of rainforests from Central Africa. No significant difference was identified in genetic parameters between wild stands and the breeding population, indicating that breeding A. floribunda from 20 trees would not reduce nuclear genetic diversity. However, a slight increase in inbreeding was observed in the breeding population, and recommendations for genetic diversity conservation during tree improvement in the species are made.
Thiam-Ndoye, Aminata. "Bilan de dix années de recherches en génétique appliquée à l'amélioration du mil Pennisetum typhoïdes (Burm. ) Stapf & Hubb. Au Sénégal." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112242.
Full textBouchez, Agnès. "Contribution à la construction et à la validation des index de sélection : application à la sélection du soja." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT015A.
Full textBlanc, Guylaine. "Sélection assistée par marqueurs (SAM) dans un dispositif multiparental connecté : application au maïs et approche par simulations." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0039.
Full textEfombagn, Mousseni Ives Bruno. "Diversité génétique et sélection du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L. ) au Cameroun : approches participative, phénotypique et moléculaire." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARA057.
Full textGénétic diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L. ) accessions in farmers’ field and genebanks in Cameroon was studied with 12 microsatellite markers and several phenotypic traits of agronomic interest. Knowledge of farmers on their planting material was collected within the framework of a participatory selection programme, and subsequently compared with molecular and phenotypic data. The molecular assessment of the arm accessions are closely related. GA beong to three main genetic groups of the cacao species : Upper Amazon Forastero (UA), Lower Amazon Forastero (LA) and Trinitario (Tr). The genetic diversity among FA could be largely explained by the contribution of six reference genomes (Amelonado, Criollo, Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo, Nanay, Parinari and Scavina) supposed to be at the origin of cultivated cacao populations in Cameroon. The genes from the Amelonado group predominated in the FA whereas those from Scavina and Criollo were less represented. The large molecular and phenotypic diversity and the presence of private alleles among FA show the potential for selection of this material. This potential was further demonstrated by the identification of several resistant genotypes among FA tested for resistance to Phytophtora pod rot (Ppr), the major cacao production constraint in the country. The results from Ppr evaluations suggest also that farmers’ knowledge on the field resistance of individual cacao trees might be exploited efficiently in the participatory breeding programme
Marmeisse, Roland. "Etude des cycles sexuel et parasexuel du basidiomycète supérieur : Agrocybe Aegerita (Pholiote du peuplier) : apport à la sélection culturale." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10110.
Full textSekloka, Emmanuel. "Amélioration de l'efficacité de la sélection pour le rendement en coton graine du cotonnier Gossypium hirsutum L. Dans un contexte de nouveaux itinéraires techniques." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARC015.
Full textIn most cotton areas of Western and Central Africa cotton is primarily rainfed and sowing dates are more and more spread out in time. Such changes need the develoment of new cropping systems and new genetic material to fit them. The cotton breeding programs have to diversity their breeding objectives in order to develop the varieties adapted to later sowing dates and increased plant stands. In this work we studied the production strategies of several varieties of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. In order to identify the most productive strategies, to translate them into selection criteria and to develop effective strategies for yield improvement in rainfed cluture. Four trials were carried out between 2002 and 2003 at Parakou and Bohicon (Benin). They compared ten varieties under three densities and two sowing dates. The observatins focused on phenology and flowering, architecture, bool retention and distribution. They were related to yield and its components. We could test a new indicator of the cut-out status of a plant, the date of the last flower giving rise to a first-position bool on fruiting branches (LFP1), and we put-up a simplified method to estimate it. This indicator made it possible to estimate the effective flowering time (EFT) of each variety. We noted that late sowing and high stads have similar effects : they delay first flower opening date (FF), shorten EFT, reduce the vegetative growth and decrease the production as opening date (FF), shorten EFT, reduce the vegeetative growth and decrease the production as well as the bolls retention rate
Crespel, Laurent. "Variabilité génétique et biologie reproductive de rosiers dihaploi͏̈des et tetraploi͏̈des ; application à la sélection du rosier cultivé." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30034.
Full textThe tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) cultivated rose, Rosa hybrida L. , has been haploidized in the last decade. The dihaploids thus have been utilized in this study as they can be hybridized with wild diploid species which genetic resources have seldom been exploited. They also contibute, when used as progenitors, to the simplifying of hereditary transmissions. Molecular, cytological and morphological analyses of offsprings resulting from these crosses have lead to a better understanding of: - sexual reproduction of the dihaploids and their derivated hybrids. The study of gametogenesis has shown that the dihaploids produce unreduced 2n male and female gametes of SDR-CO, SDR-NCO, FDR-CO and FDR-NCO types. The proportions of the different produced gamete types are genotype-dependent. This ability to produce 2n gametes is transmitted to the progenies, thus enabling a return to the tetraploid level. The genetic consequences of the different gamete types produced have been studied, especially regarding the levels of parental heterozygosity transmitted to the progenies. - the genetics of Rosa. Three qualitative characters and a quantitative one have been observed in segregation in the diploid offsprings. Double corolla and single blooming habit are controlled by a dominant gene, pink flower colour is controlled by two complementary dominant genes. An oligogenic determinism controls thorn quantity on the stems. - organisation and functioning of Rosa genome. Using the diploid offspring resulting from a cross between a dihaploid rose and R. Wichuraiana two genetic maps, male and female, have been established with AFLP markers. The genes controlling double corolla and single blooming habit have been located on the male and female maps. The most proximal corresponding markers were at 4. 7 and 0 cM distances, respectively. Concerning thorn quantities, a major and a minor QTL were located on the male map
Clément, Guy. "L'amélioration du riz pluvial par hybridation : analyse diallèle de huit caractères quantitatifs dans l'ensemble Japonica au sens large : applications à la sélection." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT001A.
Full textClavel-Barthôme, Danièle. "Amélioration variétale de l'arachide (Arachis hypogaea L. ) pour l'adaptation à la sécheresse : proposition d'une approche intégrée pour la sélection." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120064.
Full textBooks on the topic "Indices de sélection (Amélioration des plantes)"
Gallais, A. Théorie de la sélection en amélioration des plantes. Paris: Masson, 1990.
Find full textWilliam, Saunders. Épreuve de la vitalité des graines de semence. [Ottawa?: Ministère de l'agriculture, 1993.
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