Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indiens d'Amérique – Mexique – Rites et cérémonies'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Indiens d'Amérique – Mexique – Rites et cérémonies.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Serafino, Gregorio. "Rituales indígenas en Mesoamerica : la fiesta de Petición de Lluvias et Montaña de Guerrero (méxico)." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5003.
Full textThis doctoral thesis concerns native’s rituals in Mexican’s indigenous communities from an anthropological point of view. The main object of the research is the ritual of the rain, or Petición de Lluvias, characterized both by animal sacrifice and by a specific cause-and-effect relationship with the surrounding environment. Ethnographic research has begun on the assumption that we want to verify the persistence of ceremonial procedures that do not belong completely to the Catholic religion. The research was developed in the region of Montaña de Guerrero, situated in South-western Mexico, where live the community of ethnic group Nahua and more precisely in the village of San Pedro Petlacala, Acuilpa, e Xalpatláhuac in the neighborhood of the small town Tlapa de Comonfort. In an environmental context deeply rural as that of the Montaña de Guerrero, the persistence of the rituals draw attention on how the natural resources and the atmospheric agents - rain, wind, clouds - continue to represent the central elements that affect economic variables of subsistence and of social reproduction. The ritual of Petición de Lluvia represents the moment of conjunction between the dry and the rainy season, between planting and harvest of corn. Defined as a religious practice in which the group identifies itself and participates with various donations (ofrenda or ritual deposit), it can be divided into food/objects/prayers and ritual actions. The receiver of the offer is the same divinity of the rain, Tlaloc to the ancient Mesoamerican civilizations, invoked in the guise of the patron saint of 25 April, San Marcos
Neff, Françoise. "Mouvement et intensité dans la pensée indienne : mythes et rituels de l'Etat de Guerrero, Mexique." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100059.
Full textThe whole year round, the indigenous communities from de “Mountain” region (State of Guerrero, Mexico), nahuas, me'phaa (tlapanec) and sa'avi (mixtec), celebrate the arrival or departure of their guests, human beings and animals as well as natural elements, since they take part in the collective labour of making sure that plants, beasts and rain are growing, being multiplied and righteously distributed. Mythes and rites are organized around opposed and complementary principles, brought together and fused into multiple forms (such as bridal engagements, fights, dreams), and they finally come after each other at the end of the sacrifices. . This process of never-ending creation reactivates lost intensities and makes the world going round, allowing generations to follow in the footsteps of the former one
Pereira, Grégory. "Potrero de Guadalupe : anthropologie funéraire d'une communauté pré-tarasque du nord du Michoacán, Mexique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01A002.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of mortuary practices of the pre-tarascan societies of the highlands of Michoacan. We have used as point of depart for our research the results obtained during the excavations of the site of Guadalupe. They have allowed as to realize an assessment of sepulcral descoveries of the region and to begin a chronological reconstitution. Through an approach using the methods of archaeology, "field anthropology" and biological anthropology, we have been able to reconstruct the mortuary behaviour interpreted here in socio-cultural dimensions. Moreover, the comparisons that we have been able to carry out with mortuary complexes from the tarascan period enable us to introduce new informations concerning the important transformations which mark the raise of Tarascan state
Torres, Cisneros Gustavo Adolfo. "Les visages de Soleil et Lune." Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE5028.
Full textWith the conception of time as a guiding principle, the object of my research is the calendar, the paradigmatic (or calendrical) rites and the mythology of the Mixe Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico. My principal interest is to know the continuity of the pre-Hispanic Mixe religion in its nowadays, catholic, character. Some questions guide this research : which are the pre-Hispanic religious aspects (calendar, myths and rites) that have survived and why? Why have the rituals of the annual calendar been emptied of meaning? What have they become? What role has the non-adjustment of the calendar played? What is the real importance of the first and second solar passage in the zenith? The Holy Cross festival envelopes an ancient sowing festival, or does it only envelope the sowing? On the basis of the existence of the divinatory and annual calendar and a corpus of myths and some rituals, my initial hypothesis was that Mixe religion has survived very close to the pre-Hispanic sources and that she was very little influenced by Catholicism? This research shows that the biggest continuity is to be found in both the divinatory calendar and sacrifice as flexible systems that have learned to coexist with the official religion. The myths, real survivors from the past, are vehicles of an ideology strongly attached to the Mesoamerican thought, but they have lost their social and ritual meaning. Concerning the calendrical rites, Catholicism has been massively imposed, permitting little room for the contingent prolongation, not structural, as some specialist believe : because they are pragmatic and millenarian rites (sowing, harvest, sacrifice) that have never paid attention to the irritating complications of a ritual calendar without adjustment that kept on wandering off the year
Couvreur, Aurélie. "La religion de Teotihuacan (Mexique): étude iconographique et symbolique des principales divinités teotihuacaines." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211126.
Full textDoctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Valdovinos, Margarita. "Les chants de mitote nayeri : une pratique discursive au sein de l'action rituelle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100071.
Full textThis research is devoted to the analysis of the ritual chants performed at the mitote ceremonies of the Cora (Náyeri) people of the West of Mexico. We will start from the concrete situation in which these chants are performed. The actions that constitute the mitote will be exposed through a detailed ethnographic description that will allow us to understand the particularities of participation in ritual. Through these pages, we will discover the correspondence between chants and actions. This relation – known to be at the heart of the activity of ritual specialists – doesn’t mean that the chants of mitote are simple descriptions of the actions accomplished on it, and therefore a superfluous element. On the contrary, because of their form and their content, these chants appear as essential constituents of the relational configuration that characterizes mitote. Through the analysis of ritual actions, of the singer’s performance and of the chants themselves, we will explore the richness of a discursive tradition that is not just related to ritual action but also makes part of it. To complete this study, we include in a second volume the integral transcriptions of the chants performed in a mitote
Motte-Florac, Elisabeth. "Le pharmakon-aliment et son réseau trophique dans les rituels thérapeutiques de la Mésoamérique : l'exemple de la limpia dans le centre du Mexique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2027/document.
Full textPharmakons-foods used in therapeutics without being administered in accordance with established medical practices, have been ignored by research both in the anthropology of food and in ethnopharmacology. They are the matter studied in this exploration of therapeutic rituals in the Central Mesoamerican area, more particularly la limpia. The semiological-anthropological study of the acts which constitute this therapeutic practice shows that these foods are essentially used in two of the ritual’s metasequences, corresponding to the practitioner’s intervention on the patient on one hand and on the surrounding environment on the other: the fundamental act performed using one or several cleansing agents and the offerings to the non-ordinary entities responsible for the affliction. These particular foods are studied in their synchronic and diachronic aspects: the place they occupy in therapeutic rituals, the trophic networks they partake in, and the reasons behind their evolution over the centuries
Lira, Larios Regina. "L’alliance entre la Mère Maïs et le Frère Aîné Cerf : action, chant et image dans un rituel wixárika (huichol) du Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0602.
Full textThis thesis explores the mechanisms of learning and transmission of ritual know-how and memory. It does so through the analysis of one agricultural ritual celebrated during the dry season (tukari) at a family temple (xiriki) in a huichol (wixarika) indigenous community of Santa Catarina Cuexcomatitlan - Tuapurie of Mexico. The ritual is taken as a simplified model and analysed under a relational perspective, by focusing on each form of expression and communication as well as their mode of articulation and inseparability. These structure the thesis in three main parts: ritual interaction, shamanic chant and artefact manipulation. Personhood and identity (sexual and ethnic) are undertakenat each level of the analysis by focusing on the paradoxical identity of the enunciator and on three ritual identities - mother maize, elder brother deer and flower child - emerged by the condensation of contradictory relational modes. The complex relational configuration resulting in enacted and put into ipmage, offering a new frame to the definition and understanding of wixarika identity. The study of the manipulation and the collective production of imagery reflects on this particular mode of ritual expressivity as well as on its role in the preservation and construction of memory. Ritual complexity is therefore explored as an efficacious strategy in the reproduction of the vigourous cultural tradition of the the wixaritari (Huichol)
Pitrou, Perig. "Parcours rituel, dépôt cérémoniel et sacrifice dans la Mixe Alta de Oaxaca (Mexique) : l'intégration de l'activité des agents non-humains entre construction de la vie et résolution des conflits." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0446.
Full textFor what reasons do the Mixes of Sierra Norte in Oaxaca (Mexico) organize ritual itinaries in areas as diverse as agriculture, medicine, politics or life cycles? Why do rituals itinaries contain deposits accompanied by sacrifices and meal rituals? What is the specificity of the participation of non-human agents in each of these areas? These are the main questions that guide the discussion in this thesis. After distinguishing three levels of activities (human, non-human, ritual), a global model is developped to explain why, despite the diversity of human activities, the intermediary level of ritual remains relatively stereotypes. The reflection then focuses on the specificity of the intervention of non-human agents, as for instance "The Life's giver", when they contribute to the success of vital processes in agriculture and the construction of the person. The study of ritual activity associated with political and legal activity in turn allows for understanding how these agents may also contribute to the resolution of conflicts in village communities
Lefèvre, Lemorin Karen Christine. "Approche ethnoscénologique des pratiques spectaculaires ritualisées dans le bassin du Maroni (Guyane française)." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081386.
Full textThere are not many countries in the world that offer as much ethnological diversity as the french guyana. It is from the plurality of choregraphic practices observed in the polyethnic region of west guyana that the author, classical dance teacher, integrates other human spectacular behaviours pointing out what separates various ceremonial theatricalizations from real "spectacular" ones. In this prospect, beyond the apparent differences from a society to another, the pointing up of the unity of ritualized spectacular practices enables to release the ontological implications as it appears that man never directs innocently and naively his life, that he always stakes great metaphysical options. Formalized in specific behaviours involving a collective participation to a same statuts distincts from the one of everyday life, these practices seem to enable mankind to control the tragedy of its existence through a total support producing intense emotions and governing the lived consciousness of the sacred through a narrow association of spirit and body, not only in its cognitive or emotional dimensions but as well in spiritual ones
Dubs, Sandra. "Danses, langues et transmission culturelle chez les Amérindiens contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0594.
Full textMainly considered as an entertainment recalling the history of the first inhabitants of the American continent, Native Amùerican dance proves here its high semantic potential evoking the main mythic lines sutaining a characteristic Native American way of seeing the world. The Eagle and the Snake, as principal roles in myths and dances, will testify of the semantic elements they implicate and carry with them while performing, their representational plasticity allowing them to be evoked as soon as they are seen or only suggested in gesture, or in words pronounced on stage. We demonstrate that dance, together with vernacular language still spoken on stage during creremonies and Pow Wow, reveals a deep structure of Native american culture, which happens to be fractal. This structure showing a dynamic fractal aspect allows people who are brought up in native culture, as well as the ones who only perform once a year in pow wow, to access by dance and language in motion to enough components of their culture for its continuation. The way of learning the dances by copying an elder plays also a part in the cultural transmission, while respecting individualities, because it is a pattern to accomplish which is given to acquire and not a body shaping. This fractal pattern featuring on stage in dance and vernacular laguage practices, and also in Native American artifacts and narrations, constitute the latent prospective of cultural perpetuation fo Native american People today
Martinez, Gonzalez Rocio Noemi Martha. "K'in tajimol : danse, musique, gestes et parole comme mémoire rituelle : une analyse du carnaval maya-tsotsil à San Pedro Chenalho et Polho, Chiapas-Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0518.
Full textThe ritual of K'in tajimol, or ritual of games, is a five-day ritual marking the beginning and the end of the year in the Maya Tsotsil agrarian calendar. It takes place in a region called Altos of Chiapas in two communities of opposite political sensibility with San Pedro Chenalho the official governmental community and San Pedro Polho an autonomous Zapatista community. They share the same territory but not the same political and social organization. In 1996, Polho recreated the K'in tajimol as a ritual to help preserve memory against oblivion. My approach to this traditional ceremony endeavors to deepen the comprehension of a "complex ritual" articulating different spaces, gestures, words, images, and music. I try to demonstrate the different ways and functions of ritual memory and its multiple temporalities, anchored in the long history of the Maya peoples. The pragmatics of the ritual and analysis of "the sacrifice", games and different techniques of language deployed have been my source to understand how the Maya-Tsotsils have been able to give form and continuity to the dialogical and even contradictory exchanges, and reveal forms of domination and confrontation with "the other". I have tried to understand the relationship between memory and oblivion as well as with ritual, narrative, myth, and social memory. Here, the historical dimension has a great relevance. The successive ritualistic actions taking place during the five days of K'in tajimol echo events in the local, regional and national history. We cannot understand the K'in tajimol without replacing it within the context of an accumulation of historical intertwined with the present of the ritual
Montagnani, Tommaso. "Je suis Otsitsi : musiques rituelles et représentations sonores chez les Kuikuro du Haut-Xingu." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0462.
Full textKikuro people play many music genres: in this dissertation we analyse Kagutu flute music, Tolo female songs, Takwara clarinet and Atanga flute music. We aim to show how social relations are reproduced in musical structures. Women sing a repertoire of songs sharing some of its melodies with Kagutu flute repertoire. This dissertation demonstrates that musical variation is a form of feminine assertiveness. Another proof of the representative power of Kuikuro music concerns the spirit called Itseke. Kagutu flute music belongs to Itseke and the flute can pronounce the name of the spirit owner of the piece of music, turning sensible the spirit's presence. The apprenticeship of music is describes in one of the main chapters. Language plays an important role in learning, since instrumental music is memorized by means of a sequence of syllabes. The spirit's names "sung" by the flutes also are an important mnemonic tool
O'Connor, S. Eileen. "Spirits, shamans and communication : interpreting meaning from Iroquoian human effigy pipes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17949.
Full textSawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept Nations du Canada : traditions d'alliance dans le Nord-Est, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28435.
Full textBuarque, Angela. "Étude de l'occupation Tupiguarani dans la région sud-est de l'état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010679.
Full textPerreault, Olivier. "Pollution rituelle et pollution de l'environnement dans le processus de mobilisation des Shipibo-Conibo de Canaan (Amazonie péruvienne) : une interprétation écologiste de la thèse de Mary Douglas." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26663/26663.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Léane. "L'Aldeia Multiétnica : un lieu de rencontres et de transformations pour les peuples autochtones et non autochtones au Brésil]." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29986.
Full textA partir duma pesquisa do campo realizada em 2016 na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros, esta dissertação de mestrado analisa as dimensões rituais, políticas e identitárias da Aldeia Multiétnica. Esse evento ocorre anualmente há 10 anos e reúne diversos povos indígenas do Brasil e também não-indígena. Ele faz parte do Encontro de Culturas Traditionais da Chapada dos Veadeiros, o qual promove as culturas traditionais do país. A presente análise mostra que esse ritual da Aldeia é, a curto e longo prazo, um ponto de encontros políticos e um veículo de construção e de valorização da identidade para as comunidades participantes. O evento proporciona também uma conscientização e uma mobilização dos não-indígenas. Nesta dissertação, abordamos três áreas de análise para esse ritual: as conversações que tornam possível a realização do evento, as relações entre e dentro dos diferentes grupos de pessoas e as transformações individuais e coletivas dos participantes.
Deturche, Jérémy. "Les Katukina du Rio Bià (Etat d'Amazonas-Brésil). Histoire, organisation sociale et cosmologie." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100136.
Full textThis dissertation is an ethnographic study of the previously unstudied Katukina of the Katukina linguistic family (not to be confused with the Katukina of the Panoan linguistic family). They live in western Brazil, on the rio Biá, a tributary of the Jutai and Solimões rivers. Apart from its monographic ambition, this study aims to deal with the specific ways in which the Katukina have reacted to historical events, in particular how they have been led to recategorize neighbouring groups, interpersonal relationships, and proper ways to deal with the spirit world. Two main polysemic concepts seem to govern this system. The first, -wara, is associated with bodies, leadership and inclusiveness. The second, -wayan, is related to kinship, similarity, complementarity and fluidity. The Katukina have been in regular contact with Brazilian society for an unsuspectedly great number of years, as shown by their attitudes towards concepts such as “work” or “commodities”. They also display great similarity with their Kanamari neighbours (also of the Katukina linguistic family). This dissertation attempts to systematically compare both groups and redefine the complexity of their mutual relations
Balloy, Benjamin. "Procession, progression. Périodicité, mythes et hiérarchie dans l'organisation sociale des Muscogee (Creek) au 18e siècle (Alabama, Etats-Unis)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0114.
Full textThe historiography of colonial North America has been deeply challenged mainly by north american scholars since the 1970’s. Can such a project be carried out without renewing as well the ethnological paradigms that sustain most of these ethnohistorians’ interpretation models ? The case of the social organization of the Muscogee (Creek) in the 18th century (present Alabama) has led us to challenge the current ethnological statu quo for the Southeast along two main lines : taking a structural analysis of Muscogee mythology, the attempt was made to set more firmly the Southeast – its mythology as well as ceremonial practices and social organization – within the broader space of continental cultural coherence drafted by the Mythologiques of Lévi-Strauss ; at the level of sociological models, the path followed has been an attempt to cope with dualism and social stratification based on politico-ritual hierarchies, in a critical stance to the “chiefdom” model, usually brought forth to think the transition between the mississippian period policies and the 18th century “tribal” organizations.Using French, English and Spanish sources, this work brings forward the themes of progression and procession as well as that we have called the “step by step movement”. The analytical interest of this paradigm – muscogean version of chromatism – is directed toward the understanding of the hierarchical ranking in the social organization, for which the concept of aristocratic figuration is suggested, as well as the analysis of the profound coherence of ceremonial practices with muscogean cosmology, eschatology and the periodicity shown by their social morphology
Menta, Cyril. "Peuplements : transmission de rituels des indiens Pankararu aux indiens Pankararé, Nordeste du Brésil." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0174.
Full textThis ethnography aims to analyze the journey of fragment of indigenous rituals – toré, praiá and shamanic cure – in Brazil Nordeste. It is based on a fieldwork carried between 2010 and 2015 within the Pankararé (State of Bahia) and the Panakaru (State of Pernambuco) indigenous people. The main objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the regional process of rituals’ convergence by studying the transmission between those two populations. The hypothesis at the core of this work is that these transmissions lead to a triple populating process. 1) The first one is a regional and ethnical process: the learning and performance of the toré rituals allows for population considered as caboclas and denigrated for the absence of exterior symbols of their indianness to obtain the legal status differentiating and ameliorating the situation for “indigenous populations”. (2) Those learnings consist in the transmission of techniques establishing contacts with local invisible entity, constitutive of rituals actions. Pankararé’s, as receptive populations, discover through those practices a pantheon of local entity legitimizing the personalization of their ritual practices. This constitutes a second realm of populating process, a cosmic populating. (3) Within the issuing population, those interethnic transmissions of rituals results in a relations’ liberalization with the invisible world, provoking a significant multiplication of its inhabitant. New categories of entity are progressively integrated, posses rituals mask and are called upon in collective and domestic rituals.The description of these three forms of populating process allows for the analysis of the motives and the condition behind interethnic rituals transmissions, of their acceptations, success, but also outcomes and innovations
A presente etnografia se dedica à análise de fragmentos do percurso de rituais indígenas – toré, praiá e cura xamânica – no Nordeste do Brazil. Está baseada em trabalho de campo conduzido de 2010 à 2015 entre os índios Pankararé (Estado da Bahia) e Pankararu (Estado do Pernambuco). Seu objetivo principal é ilustrar o processo regional de convergência ritual através do estudo das transmissões entre esses dois grupos. Desenha-se a hipótese de que essas transmissões teriam levado à um povoamento triplo. O primeiro deles é regional e étnico : a aprendizagem do ritual do toré permite que populações consideradas « caboclas », portanto desvalorizadas pela ausência de símbolos exteriores de indianidade, passem a ter um estatuto jurídico de « população indígena ». Esses ensinamentos rituais levam, por sua vez, à transmissão de técnicas que têm por objetivo o contato com entidades invisiveis locais, constitutivas das ações rituais. Os Pankararé, enquanto população receptora, descobrem através dessas práticas um panteão de entidades locais que legitimam a personalização de suas práticas rituais. À essa descoberta está referido o segundo tipo de povoamento, o povoamento cósmico. Já o terceiro modelo de povoamento está vinculado à população emissora. Nela, as transmissões rituais interétnicas têm por consequência a liberalização das relações com o mundo invisível, o que provoca uma multiplicação considerável de seus habitantes. Novas categorias de entidades são progressivamente integradas, possuem suas máscaras e são constantemente chamadas para rituais domésticos e coletivos.A descrição dessas três formas de povoamento permite, portanto, a análise das razões e condições da transmissão de rituais em contextos interétnicos, chamando a atenção para seu sucesso e aceitação mas também para suas consequências e inovações
Aristizábal, Espinosa Pablo. "Les grottes de Santa Catalina : un site cérémoniel dans les Andes colombiennes." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0109.
Full textOur study concerns caves : one of the various traits that make-up landscapes. These natural formations are spaces where environnemental factors change considerably, in spite of their mysterious atmosphere, of being almost an unknown world. These physical conditions have motivated various conceptions and representations among amerindian peoples seince prehispanic times. The archæological remains discovered inside the Santa Catalina caves belong to sedentary human groups aproximately from the first millenium A. D. According to the caracteristics of the materials wich we have collected, this place was exclusively an ancient ceremonial site. Our archæological recherarch is based on a comparative and interpretative method, focusing on symbolic and ritual practices held in caves by other amerindian groups. Under these perspective, we expect to elaborate a coherent interpretation of an archæological site, and in the meantime, we have begun to observe some general aspects of amerindian symbolic systems
Manriquez, Viviana. "La construction et l'entretien des mémoires et de l'histoire sociale et collective à Caspana (Hauts Plateaux du désert d'Atacama, Nord du Chili)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0021.
Full textThe inhabitants (indigenous peasants) of the andean village of Caspana (Chile), located at 3200 masl in the Atacama Desert’s high canyons of the Loa River, have long established an organic relationship with their "traditions" and customs, as well as with catholic festivities and rites. This implies a constant deployment of material and symbolic efforts (social, economic, political and ritual) that put into play the necessary reciprocity between people and the power and potency of the sacralized elements of nature, the cosmos, and above all, the ancestors who lavish them with fertility, which enables the propagation of life in all its expressions. This directly alludes to humanity’s power to transform nature, and its interdependent relationship. At the same time, they are the foundation and support of Caspana’s memory and history. Therefore, this thesis established its "point of view" in the memory and social and collective history of this complex physical, social and ritual space, analyzing its socio-cultural dynamics based on long term ethnographic work and from an interdisciplinary approach: anthropological, historical, ethno historical and micro historical.The aforementioned allowed to investigate the conceptualization that the Caspaneños have of time-space and the socially and collectively constructed past that is expressed in all spheres of social life: in individual, family and collective memory, as well as in the construction of a history and a canonical discourse about it. In turn, these memory and history are anchored in the landscape, in certain events, myths and the ritual and performance language. This work also analyzes and reflects on the devices or manner of creation, transmission, expression, transformation and validation of memory and history in different historical contexts, as well as the processes of mutation and forgetting that manifest in the everyday and in the ritual through orality, the use and reuse of performatic ceremonies and rituals, their inscription in the territory and time, and the writing and audiovisual work. Finally, he explores the intimate relationship between memory, history and the cult of death and the ancestors, as well as its power and relationship with the sacred, the reproduction of life and social organization. The Caspaneños symbolize the aforementioned as a material and metaphorical journey to a common social, historical and symbolic origin in which everyday times and rituals are a fundamental part of the order of time associated with cosmic cycles
En la localidad andina de Caspana (Chile), ubicada a 3200 msnm, en las quebradas altas del río Loa, del Desierto de Atacama, sus habitantes (campesinos-indígenas) han establecido desde larga data una relación orgánica con sus “tradiciones” y costumbres, por un lado, y con las fiestas y ritos católicos, por el otro. Esta relación implica un despliegue constante de esfuerzos materiales y simbólicos (sociales, económicos, políticos y rituales) que ponen en juego y nutren la reciprocidad necesaria de los hombres con el poder y la potencia de los elementos sacralizados de la naturaleza, del cosmos y, sobre todo, de los ancestros. Estas fuerzas prodigan la fertilidad y posibilitan la reproducción de la vida en todas sus expresiones, aludiendo directamente al poder transformador de la humanidad en la naturaleza y su relación de interdependencia. Constituyen el fundamento y el soporte de las memorias y la historia caspaneña. En este contexto, esta tesis estableció el “punto de mira” en las memorias y la historia social y colectiva de este espacio físico, social y ritual altamente complejo. El punto de partida fue el análisis de sus dinámicas socioculturales, a partir de un trabajo etnográfico de long cours, desde un enfoque interdisciplinario: antropológico, histórico, etnohistórico y microhistórico.Esta investigación permitió indagar sobre la conceptualización que los caspaneños tienen del tiempo-espacio y del pasado socialmente y colectivamente construido que se expresa en todas las esferas de la vida social: en las memorias individuales, familiares y colectivas, así como en la construcción de una historia y un discurso canónico. De esta forma, las memorias y la historia se anclan en el paisaje, en ciertos acontecimientos, en los mitos y en el lenguaje ritual y performático.Este trabajo también analiza y reflexiona sobre los dispositivos, modos de creación, transmisión, expresión, transformación y validación de las memorias y la historia en distintos contextos históricos, así como en sus procesos de mutación y de olvido que se enuncian en lo cotidiano y en lo ritual a través de la oralidad, de la utilización y reutilización de la performática de las ceremonias y rituales, de su inscripción en el territorio y en el tiempo y de la escritura y el audiovisual.Finalmente, esta tesis explora la relación íntima entre memoria, historia y el culto a la muerte y a los ancestros, así como su poder y su relación con lo sagrado, la reproducción de la vida y la organización social. Lo anterior es simbolizado por los caspaneños como un viaje material y metafórico a un origen social, histórico y simbólico común. Dentro de este origen, los tiempos y espacios cotidianos y rituales son parte fundamental del orden del tiempo que se asocia a los ciclos cósmicos
Gendron, Ana. "Paroles et mémoire Kayambi dynamique des mutations d'une communauté andine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA077/document.
Full textWhat are the "traditional knowledge" of the "indigenous peoples and nations" recognized by the 1998 Ecuador Constitution?The ethnographic study of a Kayambi community allows to understand how the dynamics of the changes is carried through mythical and ritual speech. Year after year, in late June, the rituals associated with the festival of San Pedro are perpetuated despite changes that affect the lives and situation of the Kayambi and why Aya-Uma, the central figure of these rituals and a representational synthesis of the history of the Kayambi, and not only a simple patrimonial figure.Mythical speech collected from Kayambi during interviews lends to the reconstruction of a complexe system combining themes introduced by evangelization and the underwater world of the Apus, or elements of fauna and flora. This ambivalent speech is populated by ambivalent figures such as Chificha, Condor, Sanson or Chisilongo.When Kayambi speak their myths and perform their rites they express the reality of the moment for their own community. In so doing they interpret not only their own history, as a social group but the wider social group they are in contact with, that is the nation of Ecuador itself. The Kayambi institutions, both legacy of the colonial coercive order and restructuring elements, constantly reinvent kayambi social organization as a set. They cannot be considered in isolation.Mythical and ritual expressionss should be considered as complementary knowledges acting as a socio-political mediation. Their acts are not confined to ritual moments but extend to all social relations. Thus the preservation of this knowledge is a survival condition of Kayambi social system
De, Souza Medeiros Guilherme. "L'usage rituel de la Jurema chez les Amérindiens du Brésil : répression et survie des coutumes Indigènes à l'époque de la conquête spirituelle européenne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20002.
Full textThe ritual of Jurema, a sacred drink made of a group of plants with the same name (especially Mimosa tenuiflora, formerly known as Mimosa hostilis Benth) by the native people of Brazil first appears in a document written in Recife, in the state of Pernambuco, in 1739. The document talks about its use by the indigenous population living on the mission settlements of the state of Paraíba. Its appearance in the colonial archives of the 18th century may reveal new socio-cultural dynamics in the colonial frontiers of the northeast. The use of this sacred drink seems to have been originated a long time before the colonizers’ arrival, maybe centuries before that, and its endurance can be observed today, either as a central element of the beliefs and cosmogonies of the indigenous peoples of northeast, or among rural and urban populations as part of syncretic religious contexts that combine elements of Christianity and African-Brazilian sects. In this paper we analyze the role played by the mission settlements in the Portuguese America. The settlements are considered here as ‘institutions of frontier’, sometimes acting as landmarks between known and unknown spaces of colonizers and also as an element of definition for the territorial limits between the Portuguese and Spanish crowns, but especially as channels of communication and exchange between completely diverse religious and cultural universes