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Journal articles on the topic 'Indifference curves'

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1

MACH, Petr. "The Application of Lagrange Multipliers in Consumer Choice Theory." ACTA VŠFS 16, no. 1 (2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/acta-2022/1-04.

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This article deals with the consumer choice theory developed by Irving Fisher, Francis Edgeworth, Vilfredo Pareto, and John Hicks. A three-dimensional utility function is presented as an alternative to indifference curves. In mainstream textbooks, the indifference curves together with the budget constraint are used to find the optimum of a consumer graphically at a point where the budget line is a tangent line to an indifference curve. In this article, a vertical cross-section of the three-dimensional utility function and the Lagrange multipliers are applied to find the optimum of a consumer d
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2

Lenfant, J. S. "Indifference Curves and the Ordinalist Revolution." History of Political Economy 44, no. 1 (2012): 113–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-1504077.

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3

Knetsch, Jack L. "Preferences and nonreversibility of indifference curves." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 17, no. 1 (1992): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(92)90082-m.

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4

Wei, Jong-Shin. "Why two indifference curves cannot intersect." Atlantic Economic Journal 27, no. 1 (1999): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02299182.

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5

David, Gordon, and Vaughan Richard. "Thick Indifference Curves, Marketing and Behavioral Economics." Journal of Progressive Research in Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (2017): 422–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3972153.

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In this paper the differences between two schools of thought, the traditional school and the behavioral economics school, are discussed. The relatively new behavioral economics school is a blend of psychology and economics. The conventional assumptions concerning consumer preferences are explicated and elaborated upon. The assumptions include reflexivity, completeness, transitivity and continuity. Secondary assumptions, such as local nonsatiation and strict convexity, regarding preferences are also explained. Thick indifference curves in a two good world are explained and demonstrated to encom
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6

Scott, John. "Transitivity is Not Necessary to Show That Indifference Curves Cannot Intersect, a Note." American Economist 46, no. 2 (2002): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943450204600209.

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Professors in intermediate and advanced microeconomic theory courses often propose a proof that indifference curves cannot intersect that relies on the transitivity and monotonicity of preferences. In the interest of stimulating thought on the topic, we derive an elementary proof that indifference curves cannot intersect which relies on fewer assumptions than the traditional proof. We conclude that transitivity is essential in constructing a theory of rational choice; but transitivity is not essential in showing that indifference curves cannot intersect.
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7

Kontek, Krzysztof. "Boundary effects in the Marschak-Machina triangle." Judgment and Decision Making 13, no. 6 (2018): 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500006616.

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AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study that sheds new light on the shape of indifference curves in the Marschak-Machina triangle. The most important observation, obtained non-parametrically, concerns jumps in indifference curves at the triangle legs towards the triangle origin. These jumps, however, do not appear at the hypotenuse. The pattern observed suggests discontinuity in lottery valuation when the range of lottery outcomes changes and is best explained by decision-making models based on the psychological phenomenon of range dependence (Parducci, 1965; Cohen, 1992; Kontek &am
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8

Brito, Dagobert, Jonathan Hamilton, and Steven Slutsky. "Social indifference curves with optimal second-best taxation." Economic Theory 3, no. 4 (1993): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01210271.

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9

Harless, David W. "Predictions about indifference curves inside the unit triangle." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 18, no. 3 (1992): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(92)90017-6.

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10

Zeffane, Rachid M. "Centralization or Formalization? Indifference Curves for Strategies of Control." Organization Studies 10, no. 3 (1989): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068901000303.

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Drawing on previous research on patterns of organization structures, this paper examines the question of strategic structural choice between centralized and formalized means of control. An alternative approach in conceiving and operationalizing the problem of choice is suggested. This uses the 'Indifference Curves' postulate as put forward in neo-classical economic theory. An operational model featuring 'trade-offs' between centralized and formalized control is proposed. The conclusions are that the framework based on the notion of 'indifference' provides reasonable theoretical strength in por
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11

FON, VINCY, BRYAN L. BOULIER, and ROBERT S. GOLDFARB. "ON A MORE GENERAL RATIONALE FOR CIRCULAR INDIFFERENCE CURVES." Studies in Economics and Finance 9, no. 2 (1985): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028656.

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12

Holahan, William L. "Getting Tough on Crime: Exercises in Unusual Indifference Curves." Journal of Economic Education 29, no. 1 (1998): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220489809596438.

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13

Srivastava, Anjali, and Arpita Ganguly. "Indifference curves as a tool for environment impact assessment." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 160, no. 1-4 (2009): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0715-6.

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14

Gelles, Gregory M., and Douglas W. Mitchell. "A useful class of mean-standard deviation indifference curves." Atlantic Economic Journal 18, no. 4 (1990): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02299022.

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15

Holahan, William L. "Getting Tough on Crime: Exercises in Unusual Indifference Curves." Journal of Economic Education 29, no. 1 (1998): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1182963.

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16

Pastor-Bernier, Alexandre, Charles R. Plott, and Wolfram Schultz. "Monkeys choose as if maximizing utility compatible with basic principles of revealed preference theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): E1766—E1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612010114.

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Revealed preference theory provides axiomatic tools for assessing whether individuals make observable choices “as if” they are maximizing an underlying utility function. The theory evokes a tradeoff between goods whereby individuals improve themselves by trading one good for another good to obtain the best combination. Preferences revealed in these choices are modeled as curves of equal choice (indifference curves) and reflect an underlying process of optimization. These notions have far-reaching applications in consumer choice theory and impact the welfare of human and animal populations. How
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17

Eichner, Thomas. "A note on indifference curves in the ( $\mu,\sigma$ )-space." OR Spectrum 22, no. 4 (2000): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002910000047.

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18

Saari, Donald G. "Foliations Leaf Through Economics." Macroeconomic Dynamics 3, no. 3 (1999): 384–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100599012055.

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Foliations provide a general, convenient, geometric way to catalogue information from topics as varied as sufficient statistics, solutions of differential equations, indifference curves for utility functions, distributed computing, and so forth. An introduction to aspects of this area is provided.
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19

Cacciafesta, Fabrizio. "A geometric property of indifference curves in the (mean-standard deviation) plane." Rivista di Matematica per le Scienze Economiche e Sociali 19, no. 1-2 (1996): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02441259.

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20

Le Barbanchon, Thomas, Roland Rathelot, and Alexandra Roulet. "Gender Differences in Job Search: Trading off COMMUTE AGAINST WAGE*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 1 (2020): 381–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa033.

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ABSTRACT We relate gender differences in willingness to commute to the gender wage gap. Using French administrative data on job search criteria, we first document that unemployed women have a lower reservation wage and a shorter maximum acceptable commute than their male counterparts. We identify indifference curves between wage and commute using the joint distributions of reservation job attributes and accepted job bundles. Indifference curves are steeper for women, who value commute around 20% more than men. Controlling in particular for the previous job, newly hired women are paid after une
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21

Irwin, R. John, and Timothy C. Irwin. "A principled approach to setting optimal diagnostic thresholds: where ROC and indifference curves meet." European Journal of Internal Medicine 22, no. 3 (2011): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2010.12.012.

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22

Block, Walter. "Response to Wysocki’s Rejoinder to Block on indifference." Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), no. 76 (December 30, 2024): 481–503. https://doi.org/10.59203/zfn.76.632.

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Wysocki (2024) is a critique of Block (2022). The present paper is a response to the former. We are in effect debating the best reaction to Nozick (1977) which criticized Austrian economics on the ground that it makes two claims that are incompatible with one another. On the one hand, the praxeological school is noted for its aversion to the concept of indifference. On the other hand, the Austrian school also accepts supply and demand curves, and diminishing marginal utility. These three concepts imply homogeneous elements that comprise them. But if they are truly homogeneous, people ought to
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23

CARTER, ALAN. "Inegalitarian Biocentric Consequentialism, the Minimax Implication and Multidimensional Value Theory: A Brief Proposal for a New Direction in Environmental Ethics." Utilitas 17, no. 1 (2005): 62–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820804001402.

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Perhaps the most impressive environmental ethic developed to date in any detail is Robin Attfield's biocentric consequentialism. Indeed, on first study, it appears sufficiently impressive that, before presenting any alternative theoretical approach, one would first need to establish why one should not simply embrace Attfield's. After outlining a seemingly decisive flaw in his theory, and then criticizing his response to it, this article adumbrates a very different theoretical basis for an environmental ethic: namely, a value-pluralist one. In so doing, it seeks to give due weight to anthropoce
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24

Graves, Philip E., Robert L. Sexton, and Lauren M. Calimeris. "The Educational Choice Anomaly for Principles Students: Using Ordinary Supply and Demand Rather than Indifference Curves." Journal of Economic Education 42, no. 3 (2011): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2011.581959.

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25

Hill, Kim. "Macronutrient modifications of optimal foraging theory: An approach using indifference curves applied to some modern foragers." Human Ecology 16, no. 2 (1988): 157–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00888091.

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26

Thirunavukkarasu, Dr S., and T. Lakshmi Pradha. "Differential Calculus and its Application in Economics- A Study with Reference to Consumer Demand Theory." Journal of Development Economics and Management Research Studies 10, no. 17 (2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2023.101703.

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Calculus is one of the important components of mathematical tools used in economics. This enables understanding, improving and problem-solving tools for economic variables. The mathematical analysis contains differential calculus and integral calculus. Calculus is mostly expressed in functions and derivatives. The two-consumer demand theories are cardinal and ordinal. The former is the marginal utility approach and the latter is indifference curve analysis popularised by authors like Gossen (1854), William Jevons (1871), Leon Walras (1874), Carl Marshall (1890), Menger (1950), Hicks (1956), Pa
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27

Egozcue, Martín. "Some covariance inequalities for non-monotonic functions with applications to mean-variance indifference curves and bank hedging." Cogent Mathematics 2, no. 1 (2015): 991082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311835.2014.991082.

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28

DeSarbo, Wayne S., Kamel Jedidi, and Joel H. Steckel. "A stochastic multidimensional scaling procedure for the empirical determination of convex indifference curves for preference/choice analysis." Psychometrika 56, no. 2 (1991): 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02294463.

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29

Hey, John D., and Elisabetta Strazzera. "Estimation of indifference curves in the Marschak-Machina triangle a direct test of the “fanning out” hypothesis." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 2, no. 4 (1989): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.3960020404.

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30

Chen, Chia-Hui, Junichiro Ishida, and Wing Suen. "Signaling Under Double‐Crossing Preferences." Econometrica 90, no. 3 (2022): 1225–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta19210.

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This paper provides a general analysis of signaling under double‐crossing preferences with a continuum of types. There are natural economic environments where the indifference curves of two types cross twice, such that the celebrated single‐crossing property fails to hold. Equilibrium exhibits a threshold type below which types choose actions that are fully revealing and above which they pool in a pairwise fashion, with a gap separating the actions chosen by these two sets of types. The resulting signaling action is quasi‐concave in type. We also provide an algorithm to establish equilibrium e
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31

Benjamin, Daniel J. "Distributional Preferences, Reciprocity-Like Behavior, and Efficiency in Bilateral Exchange." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, no. 1 (2015): 70–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20120109.

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Under what conditions do distributional preferences, such as altruism or a concern for fair outcomes, generate efficient trade? I analyze theoretically a simple bilateral exchange game: each player sequentially takes an action that reduces his own material payoff but increases the other player's. Each player's preferences may depend on both his/her own material payoff and the other player's. I identify two key properties of the second-mover's preferences: indifference curves kinked around “fair” material-payoff distributions, and materials payoffs entering preferences as “normal goods.” Either
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32

Andreoni, James, Marco Castillo, and Ragan Petrie. "What Do Bargainers' Preferences Look Like? Experiments with a Convex Ultimatum Game." American Economic Review 93, no. 3 (2003): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803322157034.

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The ultimatum game, by its all-or-nothing nature, makes it difficult to discern what kind of preferences may be generating choices. We explore a game that convexifies the decisions, allowing us a better look at the indifference curves of bargainers while maintaining the subgame-perfect equilibrium. We conclude that bargainers' preferences are convex and regular but not always monotonic. Money-maximization is the sole concern for about half of the subjects, while the other half reveal a preference for fairness. We also found, unexpectedly, the importance of risk aversion among money-maximizing
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33

Mitchell, Paul D. "Nutrient Best Management Practice Insurance and Farmer Perceptions of Adoption Risk." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 3 (2004): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800026936.

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This paper explores the effect farmer perceptions concerning how best management practice (BMP) adoption changes the profit distribution have on BMP adoption incentives and the potential for insurance to increase these incentives. Adoption indifference curves illustrate the effect of farmer perceptions on BMP adoption incentives and the potential for insurance to expand the set of perceptions consistent with adoption. Empirical analysis quantifies these conceptual results for nutrient BMP insurance, a new policy available to corn farmers as part of a USDA-Risk Management Agency pilot program i
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34

Oak, Achyut. "Price theory, loanable fund theory, and indifference curves: theorizing authority through misuse of mathematics, logic and improbable assumptions." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 5 (2024): e69560. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n5-027.

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Economist Adam Smith‘s study ( 1776 ) initially was ‘Political Economy ‘, then knowledge used for eradicating poverty, want, and unemployment and then to study inflation, stagnation, recession, etc. Thus it became the science of economics. Economist J.M. Keynes viewed ‘ Political Economy and added three definitions a) Wealth b) Welfare and c) Scarcity in the study. But Richardo shifted from production and distribution of wealth to “ The produce of earth - all that is derived from its surface by the united application of labor, machinery, and capital. Economist T.R. Malthus ( 1820 ) joined to a
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Cappelletty, D. M., and M. J. Rybak. "Comparison of methodologies for synergism testing of drug combinations against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 3 (1996): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.3.677.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if synergism was maintained for various combinations of beta-lactams with an aminoglycoside against four clinical strains and one laboratory strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant, according to the MICs, to the beta-lactams and/or aminoglycoside. The results from both the checkerboard and killing curve methodologies were compared. The laboratory strain (ATCC 27853) was manipulated in vitro by serial passage onto agar containing increasing concentrations of each antibiotic to select for resistance. One clinical isolate (R61) was also ser
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36

Bayer, P., and C. Schüth. "Technico-economic assessment of groundwater treatment by palladium-on-zeolite-catalyst in comparison to GAC fixed bed adsorbers." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 3 (2010): 708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.342.

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A technico-economic comparison between palladium-on-zeolite (Pd/Y), and granular activated carbon (GAC) based methods of groundwater clean-up is presented. The treatment concepts are assessed by means of process-based cost functions that can be applied to a broad range of case-specific conditions. The analysis accounts for variability in cost and performance parameters and reduces the interplay of multiple factors to expressive indifference curves that can be used for identifying a favorable technology. The findings for the treatment of halogenated hydrocarbons reveal that the Pd/Y offers adva
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37

Игнатьева, О. В., and Д. Д. Ужаков. "Theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing human capital at the micro and macro levels." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 7(132) (October 11, 2021): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.132.7.187.

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Современный этап развития экономических отношений хозяйствующих субъектов характеризуется высокой конкурентоспособностью, которая достигается не за счет увеличения объемов выпуска продукции или услуг, а за счет доли человеческого капитала. В данной статье предлагается мультипликативная модель оценки человеческого капитала через карту кривых безразличия, а также проводится детальный анализ национального богатства развитых и развивающихся стран. The current stage of development of economic relations of economic entities is characterized by high competitiveness, which is achieved not by increasin
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38

KOSHTEH, MH Karim. "Extracting the Contingency Curve of Fuel Cost-Pollution the Issue of Environmental Economic Burden Distribution." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 8, no. 8 (2018): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v8.8(30).16.

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In recent decades, SO2, CO2 and NOx emissions from fossil fuels have caused significant social costs. Considering the cost of environmental pollution combined with the cost of exploitation in the distribution of loads in many studies shows the important role of social spending in economic estimates. Minimizing the cost of exploitation along with the cost of emissions in order to meet the demand under the applicable constraints of the power systems known as the modeling of the problem of economic- environmental distribution is load EED (Environmental Economic Dispatch). In this research, the EE
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39

Block, Walter. "Reply to Caplan on Austrian economic methodology." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 3 (2007): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i3c2p8.

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A Methodenstreit is a debate in economics concerning the philosophy of social science. It involves the issue of which is the property method to pursue in the dismal science. Although this type of debate had its origins two centuries ago, the present paper is a contribution to a more modern Methodenstreit begun by Caplan (1999). It addresses some of the fundamental issues in economics: is this discipline best to be thought of along the lines of an empirical science, such as physics or chemistry (the view of the logical positivist school), or is it more properly described as a branch of logic or
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40

Pradhan, Gopal Man, and Phanindra Kumar Katel. "Determination of Break-Even Point through Consumer Preference Relation." Batuk 7, no. 2 (2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/batuk.v7i2.39503.

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Social choice theory beliefs about how the consumers function to chose their interested goods and services. Preference relation with affine indifference curves that has a concave representation has a linear utility representation. This study asks how individual preference relations might be combined to give a single ordering which captures the overall wishes of the group of individuals. There are certain properties that one would like such a utility rule, utility have thus become a more abstract concept that is not necessarily solely based on the satisfaction or pleasure received. Concept of c
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41

Sondheimer, J. P. "Spending Cuts or Local Tax Increases? An Analysis of Local Authority Preferences in England." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, no. 2 (1986): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040145.

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Local authorities in England have been set spending targets. If they exceed these targets, their central government grant is reduced, thus sharply increasing the local tax rate. The resulting spending decisions of local authorities have been analysed, in an attempt to explain their behaviour in terms of a model of rational spending behaviour in line with neoclassical consumer theory. Various families of indifference curves indicating preferences between expenditure and local tax rate increases have been tested for consistency with the actual spending decisions of the authorities, and evidence
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42

Manning, Robert, Steve Lawson, and William Valliere. "Multiple manifestations of crowding in outdoor recreation: A study of the relative importance of crowding‐related indicators using indifference curves." Leisure/Loisir 33, no. 2 (2009): 637–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2009.9651456.

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43

GRINEVA, NATALIA. "DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT TRAJECTORY." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 3 (2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-3-73-77.

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The task of control from the position of mathematical tools application is discussed, economic statement and mathematical model of optimization problem are formulated, the sequential realization of the research aim - the mechanism of optimal portfolio management strategy formation - is presented. The results of dynamic optimization of decisions made at each step form the optimum law of the portfolio management. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the constructed portfolio takes into account the real incompleteness of the initial data on the processes of change in the yiel
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44

Jan, Meer, Amdadullah Baloch, Abdullah Abdulaziz Bawazir, Abdul Qayyum, and Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal. "Innovation and Path to Inclusiveness in Developing Countries." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 14, no. 5 (2024): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.16737.

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This study examines the effect of innovation on inclusive growth in 63 developing countries and employs System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation techniques. The study used the global innovation index to measure innovation. In addition, we construct an index of inclusive growth. Further, due to the complex nature of inclusive growth, using a single index may not provide the full picture. So, for substantial empirical support, the study uses a set of dimensions of inclusive growth separately. The empirical results show a positive relationship between the measures of innovation with
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45

RINALDI, SERGIO, FABIO DELLA ROSSA, and FABIO DERCOLE. "LOVE AND APPEAL IN STANDARD COUPLES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 08 (2010): 2443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741002709x.

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Through the analysis of a mathematical model we construct in this paper the full catalog of possible love stories among standard (i.e. secure and non-synergic) individuals. For this, we first distinguish between robust and fragile couples, i.e. couples which have one or two stable equilibria. We also distinguish between high and low quality relationships by looking at the sign of the feelings among the partners. Finally, we split fragile couples into two distinct classes, namely those that start from the state of indifference to evolve toward their most desirable equilibrium, as opposed to tho
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46

Darras-Joly, C., J. P. Bédos, C. Sauve, et al. "Synergy between amoxicillin and gentamicin in combination against a highly penicillin-resistant and -tolerant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 9 (1996): 2147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.9.2147.

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In vivo synergy with beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides has been studied only with penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. We evaluated the interaction between amoxicillin (AMX) and gentamicin (GEN) on the basis of in vitro checkerboard and time-kill curves and of findings in a mouse model of acute bacteremic pneumonia due to a highly penicillin-resistant and -tolerant S. pneumoniae strain of serotype 19 (penicillin and AMX MICs of 4 micrograms/ml; gentamicin MIC of 16 micrograms/ml). Checkerboard results at 18 h of incubation showed indifference. With regard to AMX a
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47

Peel, David, and David Law. "Further Analysis of the Markowitz Model of Utility with a small degree of probability distortion." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 2, no. 3 (2013): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v2i3.537.

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Explanation of the Allais paradox and the preference of many for multiple prize lottery tickets provide a rationale for why a model of agent’s choice under uncertainty should embody the assumption that they distort probabilities. However the degree of probability distortion required to explain gambling on long shots in Cumulative Prospect Theory appears problematic since it implies subjective expected rates of return are dramatically higher than objective returns. Here we show that a Markowitz model of expected utility, supplemented by a small degree of probability distortion, has qualitativel
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48

Mulazimoglu, L., S. D. Drenning, and R. R. Muder. "Vancomycin-gentamicin synergism revisited: effect of gentamicin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 6 (1996): 1534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.6.1534.

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Vancomycin monotherapy of deep-seated staphylococcal infection may be associated with poor bacteriological response. We evaluated 24 unique patient isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for vancomycin-gentamicin synergism by determining time-kill curves for vancomycin at 10 micrograms/ml and gentamicin at 1 microgram/ml. Nine MRSA strains showed high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) (MIC, > 500 micrograms/ml), and 15 did not. Vancomycin-gentamicin demonstrated synergism against none of the HLGR strains. For the non-HLGR strains, gentamicin agar dilution MICs range
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49

Saeki, Manabu. "Gridlock in the Government of the United States: Influence of Divided Government and Veto Players." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (2009): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123408000550.

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David Mayhew’s Divided We Govern significantly challenged the conventional wisdom of the adversarial effect of divided government on government effectiveness in the United States. While the post-Mayhewian literature has been centred on legislative productivity as a measure of gridlock, gridlock is here defined as an ‘inability to change policy’. In this study, the preferences of the legislators, such as the filibuster, override and House median veto players are plotted in Euclidean space. The analysis focuses on the influence of the area of the winset, which is an intersection overlapped by th
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50

Fan, Yuetong. "Application Analysis of Portfolio Theory in Financial Markets." BCP Business & Management 45 (April 27, 2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v45i.4828.

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Based on portfolio theory, this paper reviews and summarizes the role of investors and examines two aspects of portfolio theory: the mean variance analysis method and the efficient limit model of the portfolio. And its limitations are analyzed. So that investors can invest better. Indifference curves vary from person to person, and deviations will likely affect the resulting final maximum utility point. Although the research on financial market risk has been relatively mature, there are still some puzzles to be solved in the effective measurement of risk. Markowitz takes the ROI as a represent
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