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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indigenous fruit tree marula

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Academic literature on the topic 'Indigenous fruit tree marula'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Indigenous fruit tree marula"

1

Fujioka, Yuichiro. "Changes in Rural Society in Namibia and in Use of Marula （Sclerocarya birrea）, An Indigenous Fruit Tree: Political Ecology of Semi-natural Vegetation." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 60, no. 3 (2008): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.60.3_197.

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2

Moyo, Mack, Manoj G. Kulkarni, Jeffrey F. Finnie, and Johannes Van Staden. "After-ripening, Light Conditions, and Cold Stratification Influence Germination of Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro] Seeds." HortScience 44, no. 1 (2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.119.

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Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae)] is used in many African countries as a food crop and is also in demand for industrial purposes. The fruit pulp has high vitamin C levels and the nuts have a high protein and oil content. The fruit pulp is commercially used in the production of an alcoholic beverage (Amarula Cream) and the oil is gaining importance in the cosmetic industry. Although attempts are being made to domesticate this high-value indigenous tree, there is very limited information available on aspects of seed germination. Our study investigated the role of light, temperature, cold stratification, and after-ripening on seed germination of S. birrea. Temperatures between 25 and 35 °C favored germination of opercula-removed seeds under continuous dark conditions. White light completely inhibited seed germination with the inhibitory effect being reversed when seeds were transferred to dark conditions. This photoinhibitory effect on opercula-removed seeds was lost after 12 months of seed storage at room temperature in the dark. Cold stratification (5 °C) of intact seeds for 14 days significantly improved germination (65%) as compared with nonstratified seeds (32%). Pregermination treatments (acid scarification, boiling water, dry heat, soaking, and plant growth regulators) of S. birrea seeds did not promote germination. Seeds of S. birrea can be considered orthodox because they tolerated desiccation without significant loss of viability. Both intact and opercula-removed seeds readily imbibe water suggesting physiological rather than physical dormancy. The highest germination percentage was recorded under constant dark conditions at 25 °C for opercula-removed seeds exposed to an after-ripening period of 12 months. This study indicates that after-ripening, light conditions, and cold stratification are critical factors for germination of S. birrea seeds.

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3

NERD, AVINOAM, YOSEF MIZRAHI, and YOSEF MIZRAHI. "INTRODUCTION OF MARULA, AN UNEXPLOITED FRUIT TREE FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA, TO THE ISRAELI NEGEV." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 48, no. 3 (2000): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/nlbc-pv9f-qck8-bhb9.

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4

., W. Mojeremane, and S. O. Tshwenyane . "Azanza garckeana: A Valuable Edible Indigenous Fruit Tree of Botswana." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3, no. 5 (2004): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2004.264.267.

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5

Mkungunugwa, Tafadzwa, Shepherd Manhokwe, Armistice Chawafambira, and Munyaradzi Shumba. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (May 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552224.

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Globally, a ninth of people use polluted water sources because an estimated 300–400 Mt of waste and 90% of sewage are discharged into water bodies from industries and developing countries, respectively. The utilisation of indigenous fruit pits in producing novel adsorbents will greatly benefit in wastewater treatment. In most underdeveloped countries, activated carbon (AC) is imported at a high cost. The study was aimed at synthesising and characterisation of AC obtained from Marula nutshell. Carbonization of organic matter from Marula nutshell was carried out at 200°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. Sulphuric (H2SO4) and phosphoric (H3PO4) acids were used as activating agents at concentrations of 20–60% ( v / v ). Physicochemical characteristics of the AC, such as bulk density, moisture, ash, pH, and iodine number, were analyzed using standard methods. Functional groups and total carbon content were determined using the FTIR spectroscopy and Nitrogen Carbon Sulphur (NCS) analyzer, respectively. The values of carbon yield and total carbon in activated samples with H2SO4 and H3PO4 were 32.2–93.2%, 26.9–95.8%, and 46–79%, 20.8–69.8%, respectively. The pH, ash, moisture, and bulk density of activated high carbon samples with H2SO4 ranged from 2.4–6.1, 0.65–3.49%, 1.3–8.4%, and 0.42–0.62 gcm−3, respectively. Activated high carbon samples with H3PO4 had 2.7–3.2, 11.3–29.8%, 4.7–14.6%, and 0.39–0.54 gcm−3 pH, ash, moisture, and bulk density, respectively. The synthesised AC samples with 40% H3PO4 at 500°C had the highest iodine value of 1075.7 mg/g. FTIR results showed the presence of aliphatic carboxylic acid salt, inorganic nitrate (NO3−), and phosphate groups in the synthesised AC and were not significantly different ( p < 0.05 ) from commercial AC. The untreated Marula nutshell had some aliphatic hydrocarbon (alkanes), inorganic phosphate ( PO 4 3 − ), aliphatic ester (–COO), and aliphatic carboxylic acid salt (–C(=O)O–) groups. A novel adsorbent, AC was produced from Marula nutshell with the potential to be used in water treatment.

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6

Morris, Steve, David Humphreys, and Dan Reynolds. "Myth, Marula, and Elephant: An Assessment of Voluntary Ethanol Intoxication of the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Following Feeding on the Fruit of the Marula Tree (Sclerocarya birrea)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79, no. 2 (2006): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499983.

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7

Mokgolodi, Neo C., You-fang Ding, Moffat P. Setshogo, Chao Ma, and Yu-jun Liu. "The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization: a case of the marula tree." Forestry Studies in China 13, no. 1 (2011): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11632-011-0110-1.

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8

Phatu, W. Mashela, M. Pofu Kgabo, and Nzanza Bombiti. "Responses of Mmupudu (Mimusops zeyheri) indigenous fruit tree to three soil types." African Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 12 (2013): 1066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar12.573.

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9

Muchugi, Alice, Ramni Jamnadass, Samuel Muthemba, Robert Kariba, and Hendre Prasad. "Genome Sequencing to Unlock the Potential of African Indigenous Fruit Tree Species." Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 29, no. 3 (2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2016.00074.7.

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10

Akinnifesi, Festus K., Simon A. Mng'omba, Gudeta Sileshi, et al. "Propagule Type Affects Growth and Fruiting of Uapaca kirkiana, a Priority Indigenous Fruit Tree of Southern Africa." HortScience 44, no. 6 (2009): 1662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1662.

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One of the limitations of Uapaca kirkiana on-farm cultivation is the long juvenile phase to reach a stable fruiting stage. Marcots and grafts have been identified as feasible and reliable propagation methods for precocious fruiting, but the effects of different propagule types on tree growth and fruit yield have not been evaluated. There is limited knowledge on development and growth forms for trees derived from different propagules. Grafts and marcots were compared with saplings to assess the variability in 1) field growth and fruiting of U. kirkiana; and 2) dry matter allocation pattern and tree development models among trees derived from different propagules. Tree development models were used to examine differences among trees from different propagules. The results show that number of branches and fruit load significantly differed between vegetative propagules and saplings, whereas tree height, root collar diameter, crown spread, and fruit size and weight were similar 8 years after establishment. The results suggest differences in intraspecific scaling relationships between height and diameter among propagule sources. Saplings showed a significantly better fit (r2 = 0.891; P < 0.0001) to the scaling relationship than grafts (r2 = 0.724; P = 0.002) and marcots (r2 = 0.533; P = 0.018). After 3 years, marcots and grafts started producing fruits. Fruit load was greatest in marcots despite some fruit abortions; thus, marcots had greater fruit yield, early growth, and development and better dry matter allocation.

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