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Угва, Чімаобі Прінс, Ганна Іванівна Кисельова, Анна Ивановна Киселева, and Hanna Ivanivna Kyselova. "Indigenous Languages Of Nigeria: Current State And Problems Of Conservation." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84807.
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The problem of preserving indigenous languages – the
languages of the country's indigenous peoples – is an urgent problem
of modern mankind. About half of the languages existing today
(about 6,000) are threatened with extinction. According to UNESCO,
one language dies every week in the world, 50 years later, such a
developed language as Igbo, which is spoken by tens of millions of
people, may disappear.
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Mapis, Gachomo Joanne. "The Dietary Decision-Making Process of Women in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7696.
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Nigerians have been opting for a more processed Western diet. These changes in dietary choices have aligned with obesity and undernutrition, attributable to micronutrient deficiencies or malnutrition. Many scholars have presented varying intervention strategies ranging from consumption of a variety of foods containing the necessary micronutrients to food fortification. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the perceptions of women in an urban city in Nigeria on indigenous foods and Western dietary influences to determine social interactions, the consequence of the interactions, and the women’s current perceptions of food choices. The social-ecological model was used to explore the interaction between a woman and her environment. Women between the ages of 20 to 30 from the urban city of Jos, Nigeria, constituted the population of interest, and 12 women were chosen for the sample. From the in-depth interviews, a thematic analysis was employed to provide sociocontextual reasoning for changes in diet that have led to the loss of interest in traditional foods and cultures. This study found that Jos has a variety of foods, yet women choose the same staple foods to feed their families. Additionally, despite a marginal understanding of the health impact of diet, most women choose the convenience and palatability of Western options, citing cost as the rationale for choosing to cook staple Western-inspired meals at home. Understanding media, convenience, and cost can impact social change by enlightening communities on the interconnectedness of human health, cultures, and industrialization. Health care providers can monitor the outcomes of those who consume a variety of indigenous foods to see how such a practice could influence the overall health status of Nigerian families.
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Orekan, George Suraju. "Attitudes of secondary school pupils and dropouts towards English and indigenous languages in the context of Nigerian educational policy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202789.
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A growing amount of empirical research and theory on educational development in multilingual contexts emphasises that mother tongue based education will benefit disadvantaged children. For most of the research and literature, led by UNESCO, it is argued that educational success in multilingual nations can only be achieved based on early learning and schooling in the mother tongue. Effective language policy based on mother tongue is crucial to the implementation of the educational system of any multilingual country, including Nigeria the case study, where the home and school languages are mainly uncoordinated. It also confirms that fluency and literacy in the mother tongue establish a cognitive and linguistic foundation for learning additional languages. Both the theoretical and empirical research agree that in order to drastically challenge the educational disadvantages and to be fair to various multi-ethnic groups, national education policy must promote multilingualism in the education system. This PhD thesis explores attitudes of Nigerian young people towards their mother tongue and English, in the context of Nigerian language and education policies. It describes the sociolinguistic realities of Nigeria and its language policy and planning situation, relating them to language use and attitudes among young people. It also aims to identify the role language plays in the widespread phenomenon of pupils who drop out of secondary education and pupils' attitudes towards the medium of instruction. These aims were supported by a language attitudes survey and fieldwork; where data were collected to study the attitudes of different young people, both secondary school pupils and school dropouts towards mother tongue and English, and to investigate differences in their language choice and use patterns. Findings from this research substantiate that mother tongue language policy within education can foster positive attitudes; they also confirm that there are attitudinal differences between certain groups of young people.
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Agulonye, Uzoma Vincent Patrick. "Indigenous manufacturing in Nigeria : the Anambra case." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20783.
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Doutoramento em Estudos de DesenvolvimentoTrade to industry transition in Anambra that began in the 1980s and keeps growing could hold hope for Africa’s increasing population. Pioneer Anambra manufacturers began during post-Civil War recovery after trading and capital accumulation. Years of trade specialization, networking and link with foreign manufacturing firms aided the birth and growth of indigenous manufacturing firms. The business environment has adapted to security, economic and other situations over the years. This thesis is made up of two parts, A and B with three and four chapters, respectively. Related literature employed in the first part of traced the root of a better business environment, trade specialization, big businesses, the effects of the Civil War, public policies and programmes. An ethnographic study that involved a three months field work in Anambra building on the works of previous scholars was carried out to get the current state of the firms. It began with a two weeks pilot study. Afterwards, participant observation, interviews and focus group discussions were employed in getting the data presented in the second part of the thesis. The state of industries in Onitsha shows that some of the first-generation firms have closed. The remaining one has also invested in other businesses across Nigeria and the initial industry is now in its shadows. The second-generation firms have grown and the third are struggling to stand. Though each firm struggles to survive, they support each other by clustering and rare political attention leaves them to fate. Nnewi reveals that some of the manufacturing firms that began in the first industrial wave have closed after infrastructural and macroeconomic issues. Some have divested into other economic ventures and the survivors have grown. Same with those in the second and third industrial waves in Nnewi. The surviving firms presented in the fifth and sixth chapter are actively engaged in the economic, social and political activities in the state. Two interviews conducted with a Civil Servant and Politician are presented in this chapter to get the government’s response to complaint from the private sector. Like multiple taxation which they see as the unwillingness to paying taxes. Anambra state government recently attracted considerable agro-investment in the state. Such is needed in the manufacturing sector to boost the local and regional economy and meet their needs. In this last chapter, the thesis also looks at opportunities provided by formal institutions in Africa that Anambra manufacturing firms can key into to meet the needs of the region and boost intra-regional trade. The chapter explores the prospects and challenges confronting Anambra as a possible continental hub.
A transição do comércio para a indústria em Anambra, iniciada na década de 1980 e que continua crescendo, pode ter esperança para o aumento da população da África. Os fabricantes pioneiros de Anambra começaram durante a recuperação pós-Guerra Civil após o comércio e a acumulação de capital. Anos de especialização comercial, criação de redes e vínculo com empresas estrangeiras de fabricação ajudaram o nascimento e o crescimento de empresas indígenas. O ambiente de negócios se adaptou às situações de segurança, econômicas e outras ao longo dos anos. Esta tese é composta de duas partes, A e B, com três e quatro capítulos, respectivamente. A literatura relacionada empregada na primeira parte traçou a raiz de um melhor ambiente de negócios, especialização comercial, grandes empresas, os efeitos da Guerra Civil, políticas e programas públicos. Um estudo etnográfico que envolveu um trabalho de campo de três meses em Anambra, com base nos trabalhos de acadêmicos anteriores, foi realizado para obter o estado atual das empresas. Tudo começou com um estudo piloto de duas semanas. Posteriormente, a observação participante, entrevistas e discussões em grupos focais foram empregadas na obtenção dos dados apresentados na segunda parte da tese. O estado das indústrias em Onitsha mostra que algumas das empresas de primeira geração fecharam. O restante também investiu em outros negócios em toda a Nigéria e o setor inicial está agora nas sombras. As empresas de segunda geração cresceram e a terceira está lutando para se manter. Embora cada empresa se esforce para sobreviver, elas se apoiam agrupando-se e rara atenção política as deixa no destino. Nnewi revela que algumas das empresas de manufatura que começaram na primeira onda industrial fecharam após problemas de infraestrutura e macroeconômica. Alguns se desinvestiram em outros empreendimentos econômicos e os sobreviventes cresceram. O mesmo acontece com os da segunda e terceira ondas industriais em Nnewi. As empresas sobreviventes apresentadas no quinto e sexto capítulo estão ativamente engajadas nas atividades econômicas, sociais e políticas do estado. Duas entrevistas realizadas com um funcionário público e político são apresentadas neste capítulo para obter a resposta do governo às queixas do setor privado. Como tributação múltipla que eles vêem como a falta de vontade de pagar impostos. O governo do estado de Anambra recentemente atraiu um considerável investimento agrícola no estado. Isso é necessário no setor manufatureiro para impulsionar a economia local e regional e atender às suas necessidades. Neste último capítulo, a tese também analisa as oportunidades oferecidas por instituições formais na África nas quais as empresas de manufatura da Anambra podem se beneficiar para atender às necessidades da região e aumentar o comércio intra-regional. O capítulo explora as perspectivas e os desafios que a Anambra enfrenta como um possível centro continental.
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Fadahunsi, Akinola Olatunde. "Indigenous entrepreneurship and cross-border trade in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2004.
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The study examines an aspect of indigenous Nigerian entrepreneurship, focusing on the cross-border trade in South-Western Nigeria. An almost total ignorance of how the traders go about their business, coupled with an unwelcoming trading environment, appear to have caused the antipathy of policy planners, and dearth of academic research in the area. The dearth of research is of particular concern here hence the need to "go back to basics", as it were, and focus the research in the first instance, on what the trade is in fact all about. The study focuses therefore on a descriptive analysis of the cross-border trade itself as an indigenous exporting activity, in particular the role of the small businesses who, in numerical terms at least, dominate the trade. It is expected that this will lead to future, more sector and area-specific studies on the subject. The cross-border trade takes place in an environment of illegality, corruption, and an unstable local economy, which makes trading conditions difficult, and would ordinarily seem to prevent traders from exercising their enterprise other than for mere survival on the economic fringes. Policy planners are also quick to argue that the trade is merely a smugglers' arena that contributes nothing to national development and in fact needs to be eliminated in aid of the development process. These reinforce the development literature which envisages only a limited role for indigenous entrepreneurship in economic development. The findings in this study however suggest another interpretation. It is argued that the trading environment as it is in fact provides opportunities which seem to have encouraged the emergence of an entrepreneurial class, and that though largely invisible, greater capital accumulation than is usually thought appears to be taking place, suggesting a more significant role for indigenous entrepreneurs in the development process. Between chapters 1 and 5, a case is presented for why existing trade and development theories have only a limited application to the development process in less developed countries like Nigeria. Chapters 6 and 7 introduce the surveys which indicate the performance and strategy of a sample of producers and traders. Subsequently relying mainly, but not exclusively on anthropologically-oriented material, the study focuses, in chapters 8 and 9, on the actors and activities in three cross-border trade routes, exploring the ways in which the traders relate to one another and to other participants in the trade. Further attention is paid to the ways in which the trade survives, evolves and develops, in spite of considerable environmental difficulties. While the study does not dispute that there are several smugglers and other law-breakers in the cross-border trade traffic, it argues further that considerable legitimate, but unrecorded trade goes on across the borders by several dedicated producers and traders. Certain theoretical implications arising from the study are discussed as areas for further study, while other, more practical recommendations, are suggested to policy planners, which may be beneficial both to them and to the traders in the future developments of the trade.
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Ndukwe, Paul C. "The struggle for a dynamic leadership among the evangelicals in Nigeria." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Huang, Dongqiu. "Indigenous languages and TEFL in a senior school in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250502.
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Emenike, Nkechi Winifred. "Third culture indigenous kids in Nigeria : neo-colonial tensions and conflicts of identity." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14524.
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This thesis investigates neo-colonial tensions and conflicts of identity of indigenous students attending international schools in Nigeria. Nigeria is not an exception to the countries with growing numbers of international schools. Their educational provisions are characteristically in the style of western systems of education and their agendas are different from those of local systems. The increasing growth in the numbers of international schools is seen to correspond with the spread of neo-liberal globalisation. Although the schools claim to provide education with an international global perspective, they are also argued to be closely aligned with the principles of globalisation as it relates to neo-colonialism. In the past, the children of globally mobile workers formed the majority of the student body but in recent times, the population has changed considerably to include more enrolment of indigenous students. As this trend is set to continue, it is important to consider issues associated with indigenous student experiences in the international school. Through the voices of students, teachers and parents and an exploration of the virtual context of international schools in Nigeria, this study examines this phenomenon with a view to understanding the issues existing in the context of the students’ experiences and how they make meaning of them to negotiate their identities. The findings suggest that the students are negotiating their identities within a set of contradictions and complexities which lead them to experience a conflict of identities. A model was developed from the emergent themes that maps the sources and nature of conflicts that indigenous students experience in the context of their schooling experiences. The model can be used as a heuristic device to understand the contexts within which indigenous students attending international schools negotiate their identities as TCIKS - Third Culture Indigenous Kids.
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Adedokun, Joseph. "Criteria for developing innovative and contextual ministerial training with implications for indigenous churches in Nigeria." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Onyekuru, NwaJesus Anthony. "Assessing climate change impacts and indigenous adaptation strategies on forest resource use in Nigeria." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9298/.
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The impacts of current global climate change vary, depending on the sector and the level of system’s resilience. This study analysed the impact and adaptation mechanisms to climate change among forest communities in Nigeria using a survey of 400 households from five ecological regions of Nigeria. Data were analysed using Ricardian, logit and cost benefit analysis models. Results show that the level of forest dependence varies from 14% in the Sudan savannah to over 47% in the mangrove. Over 88% of respondents have perceived climate change impact, with 84% of respondents noticing changes in forest resource use; these changes were less prevalent in the montane forest where over 65% have noticed no changes. The Ricardian analysis showed that the age and level of education of the household heads significantly and positively impacted on net revenue that the household derived from the forest. Predicted average annual household income from the forest was $3380. Increasing rainfall during winter and spring seasons significantly increase household net revenue by $62 and $75 respectively, and reduces income by $42 and $18 in summer and autumn respectively. A 1oC increase in temperature will lead to a very negligible annual loss in household net income from the forest in all zones. The adaptation options used by the forest communities are agroforestry, erosion control, changing dates of operations, use of improved cook stove, cultural practices, irrigation and migration. The ability to notice climate change and take up adaptation strategies were positively associated with spring rainfall and winter rainfall respectively, while both were negatively associated with summer and autumn rainfall. The determinants of adaptation strategies were level of education, transportation mode, market access, detecting of climate change, household size, access to electricity, number of years of forest use, extension visits and net revenue from the forest. Primary occupation (farming) and age of the household head were negatively associated with the adoption of different adaptation options. The cost benefit analysis showed that while the use of improved cookstove had the highest net profit, turnover ratio and net present value, the use of fertilizer was the least cost effective and together with poor infrastructure were the major barriers to adaptation. Anthropogenic disturbances were shown to exacerbate land use change and forest resource loss in conjunction with climate change. The results indicate a high level of awareness among the communities around the concepts of climate change and the perceived impacts on their forest use. Furthermore, it shows the effects of the combined interactions of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances on forest resource use which blurs the precision in the abstraction and attribution of impacts in Nigeria. This underscores the need for a further integrated research, combining the social and economic elements with biophysical perspectives of climate change impacts that can be useful for incorporating adaptation strategies into national development planning of not only Nigeria but many developing economies in order to build resilience among forest dependent communities.
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Ojinmah, Umelo R., and n/a. "Post-colonial tensions in a cross-cultural milieu : a comparative study of the writings of Witi Ihimaera and Chinua Achebe." University of Otago. Department of English, 1988. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070619.113620.
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In many former British colonies independence from colonial rule has produced a myriad of post-colonial tensions. Increasingly, writers from the indigenous race in these former colonies have felt moved to respond to these tensions in their imaginative fiction. This study has undertaken a comparative cross-cultural analysis of the works of two writers from such societies whose indigenous cultures share common assumptions, to explore the underlying impetus of these tensions, and the writers� proposals for resolving them.
Chapter One assesses Witi Ihimaera as a writer, and explores his concept of biculturalism, with particular emphasis on the distinctly Maori point of view which informs his analysis of contemporary social problems.
Chapter Two assays Ihimaera�s pastoral writings, Pounamu Pounamu, Tangi, and Whanau, tracing in them the development of his concept of biculturalism, and also the changes in Ihimaera�s writing that culminated in The new Net Goes Fishing, with the hardening of attitude that it expresses.
Chapter Three looks at the revisionism of Ihimaera�s view of New Zealand history from a Maori viewpoint. It uses Ihimaera�s The Matriarch not only as a means of exploring this revisionist Maori perspective, but also as evidence of the radicalisation of Ihimaera�s views, and the broadening of the concept of biculturalism to embrace not only cultural, but social and political matters.
Chapter Four considers Ihimaera�s The Whale Rider as a feminist restatement of earlier views and highlights the growing dilemma he faces concerning the concept of biculturalism.
Chapter Five focuses on Achebe, the writer, and his view of the role of the African writer in contemporary society. It argues that Achebe views himself as a seer, a visionary writer who has the answer that could regenerate his society.
Chapter Six analyses Achebe�s Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God, and argues that contrary to accepted views of Okonkwo, this character is not actually representative of his society but a deviant. It further argues that the post-colonial African societies� affictions with irresponsible leaders were already manifest in the colonial period, through characters such as Okonkwo and Ezeulu, whom Achebe sees as guilty of gross abuses of power and privilege.
Chapter Seven looks at both No Longer at Ease and A Man of the People, and argues that the failure of the first indigenous administrative class stems both from their having an incomplete apprehension of all the aspects of their heritage and the responsibility which power imposes on those who exercise it, and also from lack of restraint in wielding of power. It further argues that the unbridled scramble for materialism has resulted in the destruction of democratic principles.
In the context of contemporary New Zealand society, Ihimaera sees the solution for Maori post-colonial tensions as bicultural integration, but he is having problems with the concept in the face of increasing radical activism from Maoris who see it as little better than assimilation. Achebe, however, has opted for re-formism, having discarded traditionalism because it is inadequate for people in the modern world.
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Harvey, Sean Patrick. "American languages: Indians, ethnology, and the empire for liberty." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623548.
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"American Languages: Indians, Ethnology, and the Empire for Liberty" is a study of knowledge and power, as it relates to Indian affairs, in the early republic. It details the interactions, exchanges, and networks through which linguistic and racial ideas were produced and it examines the effect of those ideas on Indian administration. First etymology, then philology, guided the study of human descent, migrations, and physical and mental traits, then called ethnology. It would answer questions of Indian origins and the possibility of Indian incorporation into the United States. It was crucial to white Americans seeking to define their polity and prove their cultivation by contributing to the republic of letters.;The study of Indian languages was both part of the ongoing ideological construction of the "empire for liberty" and it could serve practical ends for the extension and consolidation of imperial relations with the native groups within and on the borders of the United States. Administrators of Indian affairs simultaneously asserted continental mastery and implicitly admitted that it was yet incomplete. Language could be used to illustrate Indian "civilization" and Indian "savagery," the openness of the U.S. nation and its exclusivity, Indian affinities to "Anglo-Saxons" and their utter difference. Language was a race science frequently opposed to understandings of race defined through the body alone.;The War Department repeatedly sought linguistic information that it could use as the basis of policy, but philology was not a discourse of scientific control imposed upon helpless Indians. On the contrary, Indians lay at the heart of almost all that was known of Indian languages. This was especially true once European scientific interest shifted from the study isolated words to grammatical forms, which happened to coincide with debates over Indian removal in the United States. This meant that Indians were in an unprecedented position to shape the most authoritative scientific knowledge of "the Indian" at the moment that U.S. Indian policy was most uncertain. Native tutoring, often mediated through white missionaries, led Peter S. Du Ponceau to refute the notion, shared alike by apologists for removal (e.g. Lewis Cass) and European philosophers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt) that the American languages indicated Indian "savagery.";Yet in attempting to prove that Native American languages were not "savage," Du Ponceau defined Indian grammatical forms as unchanging "plans of ideas" that all Indians, and only Indians, possessed. Henry R. Schoolcraft, Indian agent, protege of Cass, and husband to the Ojibwa-Irish Jane Johnston, extended this line of thought and defined a rigid "Indian mind" that refused "civilization." Such conclusions suggested that Indians possessed fixed mental traits. This conclusion largely agreed with those that ethnologists of the "American school" would advance years later, but those scientists argued that language could offer no information on physical race. The rapid (but brief) rise of the American school undermined the ethnological authority of the philological knowledge that Indians, such as David Brown (Cherokee) and Eleazer Williams (Mohawk) had produced in the preceding decades.;After decades of debate over Indian "plans of ideas," "patterns of thought," and whether Indian languages were a suitable medium for teaching the concepts of Christianity and republican government---debates intensified by the invention of the Cherokee alphabet and the understanding that Sequoyah, its author, intended it to insulate Cherokee society from white interference---the federal government began moving toward a policy of English-only instruction. Even after the strident opposition of the American school, language remained a key marker of civilization and nationhood.
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Mpanza, Choice Dimakatso. "Strategies that can be used to promote the use of indigenous African languages for teaching and learning in schools: an exploratory case study of isiZulu." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1478.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of General Linguistics and Modern Languages at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2015The study explored strategies that can be used to promote the use of indigenous African languages for teaching and learning in the General Education and Training (GET) and (Further Education and Training (FET) phases of schooling in South Africa. The motivation for the study came from the constitutional recognition given to indigenous African languages as official languages in South Africa with the advent of democracy in 1994 as well as subsequent education related legislation that was passed to enact this constitutional milestone; namely the South African Schools Act of 1996 and the Language-in-Education Policy of 1997. In spite of the constitutional recognition and the accompanying legislation, the researcher observed that the provisions made in the Language-in-Education Policy were not interpreted and implemented in a uniform way in all South African schools. An exploration of existing research indicated that the issue of language in teaching and learning is not a new problem nor is it unique to South Africa. It is a problem that permeates almost the whole of the African continent. A large body of research has highlighted the value of a learner’s home language for teaching and learning, but, despite this evidence very little has been achieved in terms of promoting African languages in education across the continent. The study followed a qualitative case study approach in which isiZulu, one of the indigenous African languages was used as an example. Data for the study was collected in the province of KwaZulu-Natal which is one of the nine provinces that constitute South Africa where isiZulu is the predominant language. Schools which were used as data collection sites were purposively sampled from rural, peri-urban and urban based schools. Respondents were sampled from educators and learners in primary and secondary schools. For triangulation purposes data was also collected from specialists in institutions of higher learning within the KwaZulu-Natal province. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to collect data. The major findings of the study indicated that schools in all geographic dispensations do experience language related problems. In different ways responses indicated that the major cause of the language problem centered on the fact that the language of learning and teaching, namely English is not a home language for the majority of the learners. The language problem similarly affects teaching and learning in institutions of higher learning as well. In terms of strategies that can be used to promote the indigenous African languages for teaching and learning purposes, the study found that the four key areas which need to be the focus of any plan of promoting indigenous African languages are policy revision, language development, materials development and teacher training and development.
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Ogechi, Nathan Oyori. "Publishing in Kiswahili and indigenous languages for enhanced adult literacy in Kenya." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91659.
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This paper argues a case for the preparation of reading materials in Kiswahili and other African languages in order to enhance adult education in Kenya. Adult education clientele are defined as those aged over 15 who (a) were either never enrolled in primary schools or dropped out before completing and (b) `graduated` and currently participate in community extension services. Cognisance of mothertongues as the best languages to begin basic literacy is taken. However, since the literacy so acquired should be useful to the individual at both local and national levels, one needs Kiswahili for wider communication. Therefore, reading materials, especially for post literacy and adult literacy teacher training should be in Kiswahili. This will not only guard against relapsing to illiteracy and misinformation but will also alleviate the scarcity of reading materials in the face of hard economic times in Kenya.
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Imologome, Folashayo Olateju. "Bridging the gap between an old economy culture and a new economy culture to create a high performance organisation : a critical analysis of the organisational performance of an indigenous company in a developing economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97396.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTACT: The research seeks to investigate the progress of an indigenous group of companies in the advertising industry in Nigeria, in its bid to transform from unsustainable organisational practices to more sustainable and progressive practices that promote increased operational efficiency and organisational performance. The study made use of the Beehive Survey of High Performance Organisation TM and the Evolution to Excellence Framework (EEF), tools that were used by permission of the owners, The Village of Leaders Consulting, as well as interviews with staff of the company. The research objectives were firstly, to identify positive and negative influences on organisational culture change, secondly, to assist the subject company in identifying necessary steps to take in its bid to become world class and finally, to test the questionnaire model, the Beehive Survey, in an environment other than South Africa where it had been extensively used. The research further aimed to identify how far Nigerian companies had been able to achieve their bid to become truly world class with sustainable organisational practices, what type of leadership and cultural challenges they might face and what they needed to do to overcome these challenges. The major findings of the research were that indigenous companies need to reduce authoritative hierarchy and control, increase participation and interaction at all levels, increase transparency and information dissemination and clearly define the organisational vision and get the buy-in of all stakeholders.
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Tareri, Avwomakpa. "A rights-based approach to indigenous minorities : focus on the Urhobo and Ogoni peoples of the Niger Delta in Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8004.
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Indigenous people (IP) and minorities (IM)have similar problems of political, economic, and social marginalisation. The Nigerian government (hiding behind the veil of the African Union) does not recognise the indigenous status of deserving ethnic groups. This has left indigenous minorieties unprotected. Considering the
situation in Africa generally, and in Nigeria specifically, this research work is aimed at answering the following questions:
(1) Will the protection and promotion of the rights of IP in Africa not be effective if they are considered as IM; thereby giving the dominant majority a place in the
‘indigeneity’ of the country? (2) How can the IP of the minority tribes in the Niger Delta be entitled to legal protection
from non-recognition of their status by the government? (3) Assuming, but not conceding, that everyone in Nigeria is indigenous to the country
and to every region of the country, does this deprive IM in an age-long marginalised
region a special attention by means of affirmative action? (4) What legal protection is accorded to minorities among IP? (5) Are there negative implications for ethnic minorities in the different regions of a
country by the blanket recognition of all natives of that country as IP? (6) How can the available legal framework under the United Nations and the African Union for the protection of IP and minorities be effectively utilised to the advantage of IP despite the current position of the African Union on IP?Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Angelo Matusse, of the faculty of law, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Jimenez, Quispe Luz. "Indians weaving in cyberspace indigenous urban youth cultures, identities and politics of languages." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605909.
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This study is aimed at analyzing how contemporary urban Aymara youth hip hoppers and bloggers are creating their identities and are producing discourses in texts and lyrics to contest racist and colonial discourses. The research is situated in Bolivia, which is currently engaged in a cultural and political revolution supported by Indigenous movements. Theoretically the study is framed by a multi-perspective conceptual framework based on subaltern studies, coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge, interculturality and decolonial theory. Aymara young people illustrate the possibility of preserving Indigenous identities, language, and knowledge while maximizing the benefits of urban society. This challenges the colonial ideology that has essentialized the rural origin of Indigenous identities. Moreover, this research argues that the health of Indigenous languages is interconnected with the health of the self-esteem of Indigenous people. Additionally, this study provides information about the relation of youth to the power of oral tradition, language policies, and the use of technology.
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Jimenez, Quispe Luz. "Indians Weaving in Cyberspace, Indigenous Urban Youth Cultures, Identities and Politics of Languages." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311535.
Full textAbstract:
This study is aimed at analyzing how contemporary urban Aymara youth hip hoppers and bloggers are creating their identities and are producing discourses in texts and lyrics to contest racist and colonial discourses. The research is situated in Bolivia, which is currently engaged in a cultural and political revolution supported by Indigenous movements. Theoretically the study is framed by a multi-perspective conceptual framework based on subaltern studies, coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge, interculturality and decolonial theory. Aymara young people illustrate the possibility of preserving Indigenous identities, language, and knowledge while maximizing the benefits of urban society. This challenges the colonial ideology that has essentialized the rural origin of Indigenous identities. Moreover, this research argues that the health of Indigenous languages is interconnected with the health of the self-esteem of Indigenous people. Additionally, this study provides information about the relation of youth to the power of oral tradition, language policies, and the use of technology.
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Sultana, Niger. "Indigenous languages in the secondary curriculum in Bangladesh: a study in Khagrachari District." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6926.
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The purpose of this study is to provide a rich description of the role of languages, especially
indigenous languages in the secondary curriculum in Bangladesh. Through this research I seek to
identify the role of mother language in education. The role described from the perspectives of the
Head Teacher/ Principal, Bangla language Teacher, Curriculum planner, Community leaders
(from Chakma, Marma and Tripura community), and Tribal Students from the three tribal
groups. Drawing on an understanding of curriculum as a tool for the social control of knowledge,
I show how the secondary language curriculum promotes social inequality by the intellectual
domination of Bangla and English over less prestigious tribal languages by not including
indigenous languages, culture and values. This is particularly important for my position as a
teacher educator in Bangladesh, and working along with school teachers. I used qualitative
methods to interview tribal leaders, students and their teachers and analyse curriculum
documents. My findings show that because the medium of instruction in schools is Bangla, it is
difficult for tribal students to speak or understand Bangla language, as it is not the language used
in their homes and communities. Tribal students are often unclear about school lessons, and the
knowledge they acquire in schools cannot be related to their family and social life. Indigenous
students do not involve themselves in classroom activities and quality education is not achieved
for their life success. Findings reveal that the role of mother language is important in identity and
learning for tribal students, and needs to be encouraged and valued both in policy and practice
for the educational achievement of tribal language students to improve.
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Rondyang, H. Wani. "The role of indigenous languages in southern Sudan : educational language policy and planning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007457/.
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This thesis aims to questions the language policy of Sudan's central government since independence in 1956. An investigation of the root causes of educational problems, which are seemingly linked to the current language policy, is examined throughout the thesis from Chapter 1 through 9. In specific terms, Chapter 1 foregrounds the discussion of the methods and methodology for this research purposely because the study is based, among other things, on the analysis of historical documents pertaining to events and processes of sociolinguistic significance for this study. The factors and sociolinguistic conditions behind the central government's Arabicisation policy which discourages multilingual development, relate the historical analysis in Chapter 3 to the actual language situation in the country described in Chapter 4. However, both chapters are viewed in the context of theoretical understanding of language situation within multilingualism in Chapter 2. The thesis argues that an accommodating language policy would accord a role for the indigenous Sudanese languages. By extension, it would encourage the development and promotion of those languages and cultures in an essentially linguistically and culturally diverse and multilingual country. Recommendations for such an alternative educational language policy are based on the historical and sociolinguistic findings in chapters 3 and 4 as well as in the subsequent discussions on language policy and planning proper in Chapters 5, where theoretical frameworks for examining such issues are explained, and Chapters 6 through 8, where Sudan's post-independence language policy is discussed. In the latter chapters, there is a focus on implications for language use language as a national resource for social and cultural development, both of which are examined in the light of historical and sociolinguistic information in the preceding chapters. Chapter 9 concludes the thesis by proposing an alternative educational language policy that would give a role to the nation's indigenous languages.
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Tukwasibwe, Constance. "The influence of indigenous languages on Ugandan English as used in the media." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015637.
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When two or more languages come in contact, they influence each other in various ways, for example through word borrowing, transfer of sounds, morphology and syntax taken from one language system and imported to another. In this study, the primary concern is on the indigenous communities of Uganda learning the English language, plus the influence that this interaction brings into the linguistic space. Bringing the Ugandan multilingual situation into perspective, the study looks at how the English language has interacted with the local languages and the local speech habits, customs and traditions of the indigenous people, to the extent that it has been indigenized. Some word usage results in miscommunication due to the socio-cultural uniqueness of Ugandan cultural expressions. As an example, because of the practice of polygamy in most Ugandan cultures, words like co-wife are coined to mean 'a woman who shares a husband, or a husband's other wife', a word that is absent in both the language and culture of native English speakers. Furthermore some words are formed by calquing some indigenous language expressions, e.g. 'to eat money' or 'to eat cash', an expression that is calqued from the Luganda phrase, kulya sente. Such word coinages are meant to fill the 'shortfall' where the English language fails to provide adequate equivalents. Understanding the context of this kind of English usage and the influence from the indigenous languages is helpful in handling inter-cultural discourses, as the same expression may convey different senses to different people in different contexts. So then, this study deals with some peculiarities of Ugandan English, namely; the features of Ugandan English grammar which are influenced by the indigenous languages. Evidence from the Corpus of Ugandan English is explored to establish that indigenous languages in Uganda have a significant influence on the English language variety spoken in the country, and that a large part of English bilingual speakers cannot speak English without transferring the features from their mother tongue or indeed, switching and mixing codes. A British corpus was used for the purposes of comparison with Ugandan English. The research was conducted in Uganda, drawing data from English newspapers, radio and television talk -shows that were recorded to provide a structural analysis of the contact situations. The result of the study points to the fact that, indeed, the phonological, morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics of Ugandan English have a considerable amount of influence from indigenous local languages. This study is hinged on the assumption that when indigenous languages and the target language come together in a linguistic contact situation, the resulting variety would exhibit distinct phonological, lexical, grammatical and semantic/pragmatic features ( cf. Sankoff, 2001; Thomason, 1995; Thomason & Kaufman, 1988; Winford, 2005). However, some of these innovations have attracted criticism from 'prescriptivists' such as Quirk (1985, 1988, 1990); Gaudio (2011); and Abbot (1991) who perceive them as 'nonstandard', 'incorrect English language usage' and a 'direct translation from the language user's mother tongue into English'. Yet, indigenous languages continue to play important roles in shaping the kind of English language usage in Uganda.
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Gava, Águida Aparecida [UNESP]. "Plataforma Kuhi pei: proposta de um modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico multilíngue para crianças, Português – Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintin, Xavante, Zoró." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100117.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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gava_aa_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2016825 bytes, checksum: 3e32d45e8e474596cb0ebc8cd87687cd (MD5)O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico multilíngue para crianças, com o propósito de divulgar as línguas indígenas. Tal dicionário é composto de 258 termos da fauna brasileira, organizados em anfíbios, aves, mamíferos, peixes e répteis, com equivalentes nas línguas indígenas Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. Os termos foram coletados a partir dos corpora compilados de dicionários e vocabulários nas línguas empregadas. O protótipo é fundamentado no modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico proposto por Babini (2001b), no qual esse autor trata a recuperação da informação lexical em um dicionário onomasiológico. Para que seja possível efetuar buscas de tipo onomasiológico foram utilizados semas costumeiramente existentes na fala infantil, em língua portuguesa, que descrevem as características dos animais. Além da busca onomasiológica o dicionário permite também buscas de tipo semasiológico, tradicionalmente implementadas na maioria dos dicionários eletrônicos. O dicionário foi realizado em uma plataforma eletrônica que poderá ser futuramente utilizada para a confecção de outros dicionários terminológicos eletrônicos
The main objective of this thesis is to propose a model of a terminological onomasiological multilingual dictionary for children, aimed at promoting the indigenous languages. Such dictionary is composed of 258 terms of the Brazilian fauna, categorized into amphibians, birds, mammals, fish and reptiles, with equivalents in these indigenous languages: Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. The terms were collected from corpora compiled from dictionaries and vocabularies in the studied languages. The prototype relies on a model of onomasiological terminological dictionary, proposed by Babini (2001), in which the author tackles lexical information retrieval in an onomasiological dictionary. In order to perform onomasiological searches, existing semes in children´s speech were used, in the Portuguese language, which describe animal features. Besides the onomasiological search, the dictionary also allows semasiological searches, traditionally implemented in most electronic dictionaries. The dictionary was developed in an electronic platform that may be used in the future so as to build other eletronic terminological dictionaries
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Grier, Lara Anne. "Decolonising the media : the use of indigenous African languages in South African television advertisements." University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13659.
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\Advertisements in African languages are generally confined to radio, and in that medium are factual, dialogic and direct. When used in television advertising, however, South Africa’s indigenous languages play a less informative role, being employed rather to index a concretised African essence, African identity, urban style, or a particular reified postapartheid togetherness and cultural mobility. In this dissertation I analyse six television advertisements, all using African languages or language varieties, broadcast over the years starting 2010 through to 2014. I reflect on how and why the African language is used and to what extent African languages are no longer seen by television advertisers as carriers of information but as exploitable symbols of trustworthiness, multiculturalism, belonging and innovation. Methodology includes interviews with agencies, sociolinguistic analyses of the varieties used, detail on brands and products represented by the language and a small pilot study with viewers to ascertain their responses to the six selected advertisements.
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Heusing, Gerald. "Aspects of the morphology-syntax interface in four Nigerian languages : a cross-linguistic study of Fulfulde, Igbo, Lamang and Mupun /." Münster : LIT, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40151147v.
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Ntentema, Phakamani. "The challenges in the intellectualisation of indigenous languages in post-apartheid South Africa: what will it take to give the indigenous languages a directive in the implementation and monitoring of language policy in South Africa?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33940.
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The language of an individual is another skin in ways that are many, a natural possession of any normal person we use to communicate our ideas and hopes, convey our beliefs and thoughts, explore our traditions and experiences, and improve the community of ours as well as the laws that regulate it. In the Bill of Rights, the right of official language selection was recognized, and the Constitution recognizes that the indigenous languages are a resource that has not been exploited. This study has been carried out to elevate the use and uplift the status of indigenous languages by examining the challenges of intellectualizing the indigenous languages in post-apartheid South Africa. The language choice in South Africa does not favour the indigenous languages. The South African government lacks the political will to practically implement the language policies. The gab is in the lack of monitoring the process of language policy and implementation. Some South African higher education institutions have clear plans to implement the language policies, and some do not. The English language dominance in the higher education system has negatively impacted the indigenous students and denigrated the indigenous language use and intellectualization. There is also a gap between the indigenous speakers and the language policy implementers. This study focused on youth from the indigenous speaking background. This study was carried out to get the voices of the indigenous youth regarding lack of implementation of language policies that are placed to develop and uplift the status and use of indigenous languages all domains and how that disadvantaged them from their point of view. This study has applied the qualitative methodology to collect the data. This study also applied the Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Language Awareness theories to analyse the findings. These theories have awakened the indigenous speakers about the power dynamics that influences the lack of implementation of language policies. This study utilized the Interpretation-focus coding strategy to analyse the data. This study explored whether languages could provide access to change, social and material conditions of its speakers and the study found that the lack of implementation of indigenous languages correlates to the delay in development of the material conditions of the indigenous speakers and languages provide access to economic, social, material, and economic changes. Multilingualism is a way forward in resolving the language issue as South Arica is a multi-lingual nation. The limitations of the study were that it was carried out during the COVID-19 era and the hard South African lockdown.
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Attwell, David. "Indigenous tradition and the colonial legacy : a study in the social context of anglophone African literary criticism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7591.
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Bibliography: leaves 219-229.This dissertation attempts to examine the social meanings of anglophone African literary criticism as an ideological discourse. It begins by engaging with Marxist critical traditions, with particular reference to two areas of debate: the question of the epistemological relationship between literature and criticism, and the question of criticism's being a discourse which, in its articulation with a given social context, relies on the resources of a particular critical heritage. The basis of the second and central chapter is the interrelationship between the context and heritage of anglophone African criticism. The dominant themes of this discourse are seen as being shaped by ideological affiliations with the modern nation-state, and by the legacy of the empirical and organic traditions of metropolitan criticism. It is argued that in the situation of neo-colonial social stratification, anglophone African criticism faces a crisis of legitimacy. In the third to fifth chapters I attempt to illustrate and refine the central argument in relation to a selection of critical texts. The chapter on two works by Eldred Jones examines his reliance on orthodox British critical assumptions and its consequences in his treatment of the writing of Wole Soyinka. The chapter on West African traditions examines a range of critical operations which are used in the construction of organic traditions based on oral or traditional cultures. These operations rely on mythopoesis, formalism and the sociology of literature. The final chapter on East African political readings investigates the internal, discursive tensions in the work of two critics who, in attempting to politicize their reading of literature, have not been able to achieve a conceptual break from the legacies of idealism.
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Dunn, Justine. "The role of indigenous woody species in 'farmer-led' agricultural change in south east Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29533/.
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This thesis examines the role of indigenous woody species in 'farmer-led' agricultural change in south east Nigeria. The study, carried out in parts of Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State, is set in the context of the recent trend among development professionals to stress the use of indigenous species and local knowledge in future development projects. Emphasising throughout the use of both indigenous knowledge and indigenous woody species, as well as participatory research techniques, the study comprised three main stages. The first stage was the selection of three study villages in different agroecological zones, one in a heavily forested area, one in a derived savanna area, and one in an area with little natural 'bush' remaining. Social surveys were carried out in the study villages to collect information concerning agricultural methods and problems, and the local use of woody species. The ethnobotanical results from this survey were documented and analysed, and the results were used in an examination of the impact of population density on the development of local natural resource management systems and indigenous agricultural innovation. Secondly, four indigenous woody species were selected in conjunction with the local communities, namely; Albizia zygia, Dialium guineense, Ridnodendron heudelotii and Uvaria chamae. A botanical study, including germination and growth trials in Calabar and phenological observations in the field, was conducted in relation to these four species. Finally, using the data collected during the social surveys, field trials and observations, an attempt was made to work with the villagers to develop ways in which some of the most pressing agricultural problems could be addressed using local knowledge and resources. As a result, a framework was developed for use in future rural development projects in the region, in an attempt to contribute to the current move by development professionals towards fuller community participation. Key words: agroforestry, indigenous woody species, 'farmer-led' innovation, germination trials, phenology, Albizia zygia, Dialium guineense, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Uvaria chamae, community participation, south east Nigeria.
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Musau, Paul M. "The liberalization of the mass media in Africa and its impact on indigenous languages." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-92283.
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Mass communication through the print and the electronic media has not been spared by the post-Cold-War wind of change that is sweeping across Africa and the rest of the world. According to Wilcox (1974: 37), in 1974 over 70 percent of all the newspapers that were printed in Africa were government-owned; in the same year, almost all radio and T.V. stations were owned by government. In the changing socio-eonomic climate, however, a state monopoly of the mass media in many Sub- Saharan African countries is now a thing of the past (see for instance, Bourgault 1995). Where, for example, there used to be only one or two newspapers owned by the government or the ruling party, there now exists a plethora of privately owned competing newspapers and other publications; and where there used to be only one sycophantic radio and T. V. station owned by the government, there now exist several radio and T. V. stations, many of them privately-owned commercial broadcasters. The general philosophy behind the liberalization of the mass media is what has come to be called `the freedom of speech`. Citing the liberalization of the electronic media in Kenya, this paper argues that the liberalization of the media in many Sub-Saharan countries has not been matched by policies that encourage the entrenchment, spread and full utilization of African indigenous languages. It is further argued that the lack of media policy that favours African indigenous languages is likely to lead to negative consequences for the languages of Africa.
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Guerrero, Becerra Maria Paula. "Acknowledging linguistic diversity in a multicultural society: the issue of indigenous languages in Colombia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9199/.
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Nowadays, modern society is gradually becoming multicultural. However, only in the last few years awareness on its importance has been raised. In the case of Colombia, multiculturalism has existed since the pre-Columbian period and today there are more than 80 ethnic groups and 65 indigenous languages in the country. The aim of this work is to illustrate the status of indigenous languages in Colombia and to enlighten about the importance of recognizing, protecting and strengthening the use of these native languages. Subsequent to this, it will be point out that linguistic diversity should be considered a resource and not a barrier to achieve unity in diversity. Finally, ethno-education will be presented as an adequate educational program that may guarantee an equal linguistic representation in the country.
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Gava, Águida Aparecida. "Plataforma Kuhi pei : proposta de um modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico multilíngue para crianças, Português - Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintin, Xavante, Zoró /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100117.
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Orientador: Maurizio BabiniBanca: Maria Aparecida Barbosa
Banca: Marieta Prata de LIma Dias
Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Adriane Orenha Ottaiano
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico multilíngue para crianças, com o propósito de divulgar as línguas indígenas. Tal dicionário é composto de 258 termos da fauna brasileira, organizados em anfíbios, aves, mamíferos, peixes e répteis, com equivalentes nas línguas indígenas Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. Os termos foram coletados a partir dos corpora compilados de dicionários e vocabulários nas línguas empregadas. O protótipo é fundamentado no modelo de dicionário terminológico onomasiológico proposto por Babini (2001b), no qual esse autor trata a recuperação da informação lexical em um dicionário onomasiológico. Para que seja possível efetuar buscas de tipo onomasiológico foram utilizados semas costumeiramente existentes na fala infantil, em língua portuguesa, que descrevem as características dos animais. Além da busca onomasiológica o dicionário permite também buscas de tipo semasiológico, tradicionalmente implementadas na maioria dos dicionários eletrônicos. O dicionário foi realizado em uma plataforma eletrônica que poderá ser futuramente utilizada para a confecção de outros dicionários terminológicos eletrônicos
Abstract: The main objective of this thesis is to propose a model of a terminological onomasiological multilingual dictionary for children, aimed at promoting the indigenous languages. Such dictionary is composed of 258 terms of the Brazilian fauna, categorized into amphibians, birds, mammals, fish and reptiles, with equivalents in these indigenous languages: Arara, Kadiwéu, Karitiana, Parintintín, Xavante e Zoró. The terms were collected from corpora compiled from dictionaries and vocabularies in the studied languages. The prototype relies on a model of onomasiological terminological dictionary, proposed by Babini (2001), in which the author tackles lexical information retrieval in an onomasiological dictionary. In order to perform onomasiological searches, existing semes in children's speech were used, in the Portuguese language, which describe animal features. Besides the onomasiological search, the dictionary also allows semasiological searches, traditionally implemented in most electronic dictionaries. The dictionary was developed in an electronic platform that may be used in the future so as to build other eletronic terminological dictionaries
Doutor
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Sithole, N. E. "The functional viability of Indigenous African Languages in South Africa: challenges and prospects of their survival." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1469.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science and Agriculture in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of General Linguistics and Modern Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2015This study sought to prove that indigenous African languages are not functionally viable, i.e. they do not perform an important function in the country. In this study I used literature to prove that indigenous African languages play a very little and less quintessential role in commerce, education, law and administration. I proved that the problem of language planning is not unique to South Africa, but has also dominated the politics of most countries in the world. The literature used also supported the argument that there are similarities in the African and global trends. This study further looked at why South Africa is said to be a truly multilingual country. To do that this study painted a picture of how South Africa looks in the eyes of most sociolinguists and scholars. The comparison in terms of use and viability was discussed at length, focusing on the language planning and the effects of politics in the planning process. One further singled out English and looked at its hegemony in all sectors and spheres of the country. South Africa cannot be singled out and, therefore, a sample of African countries needed to be used to support the argument that all post-colonial governments attempted to address the language policy problems in their countries and there are more similarities than differences in their approaches. The study also paid a special attention to lingua franca choices in Africa. An attempt was made to see if English qualifies to be the lingua franca of the Republic of South Africa. Finally, the study proved that some indigenous African languages will not die and will, therefore, never be extinct. A survey on language death in Africa was carried out at the Institute of Language Studies (Univ. of Cologne between 1988 and 1990). The study concluded that, generally, some African languages are extinct, threatened or in the process of extinction. It is also from this premise that we based our study.
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Chimezie, Raymond Ogu. "A Case Study of Primary Healthcare Services in Isu, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1057.
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Access to primary medical care and prevention services in Nigeria is limited, especially in rural areas, despite national and international efforts to improve health service delivery. Using a conceptual framework developed by Penchansky and Thomas, this case study explored the perceptions of community residents and healthcare providers regarding residents' access to primary healthcare services in the rural area of Isu. Using a community-based research approach, semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 27 participants, including government healthcare administrators, nurses and midwives, traditional healers, and residents. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method for qualitative data analysis. Key findings included that (a) healthcare is focused on children and pregnant women; (b) healthcare is largely ineffective because of insufficient funding, misguided leadership, poor system infrastructure, and facility neglect; (c) residents lack knowledge of and confidence in available primary healthcare services; (d) residents regularly use traditional healers even though these healers are not recognized by local government administrators; and (e) residents can be valuable participants in community-based research. The potential for positive social change includes improved communication between local government, residents, and traditional healers, and improved access to healthcare for residents.
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Asonye, Priscilla N. "Experiences and Perceptions of Pregnant Unmarried Adolescent Girls in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1181.
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Sexual activity among unmarried adolescents is a major public health problem in Nigeria, because unmarried pregnant girls are more likely to have multiple sex partners and are less likely to use contraceptives, putting them at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), unplanned pregnancy, abortion, social isolation, and poverty. Teen pregnancy and STD rates are on the rise in Nigeria, yet few data exist on the experience of the adolescents themselves. This phenomenological study was designed to explore the in-depth experiences of 10 pregnant, unmarried adolescent girls aged 16-19, including the factors contributing to their sexual activity. An ecological model served as the conceptual framework to permit individual experiences to be understood in their social and ecological context. Semistructured interviews and Hycner's method of analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. Results showed that the decision to initiate sexual activity among these girls was influenced by many factors, including: the need for financial support and a socially condoned system of "sugar daddies" who support girls in return for sex; peer pressure to have a sex partner; a romantic knowledge of sexual behavior based primarily on the mass media; and inadequate sex education. As a result of their pregnancy, the girls experienced negative reactions from their families and community, and serious psychological and financial concerns about their prospects for future marriage and their child's identity. A comprehensive community-based reproductive health program is called for, with reliable sex education, cooperation from the mass media, and support from family and community members. The social change implication of this study is to potentially lead to a decrease in unplanned pregnancy, STDs, social isolation, and poverty among adolescent girls in Nigeria.
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Eustace, Elizabeth. "Representations of Welsh and Scottish identities : attitudes towards standardness in English and the indigenous languages." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288329.
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Wawryk, Alexandra Sophia. "The protection of indigenous peoples' lands from oil exploitation in emerging economies." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw346.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 651-699. "Through case studies of three emerging economies - Ecuador, Nigeria and Russia - this thesis analyses the factors present to a greater or lesser degree in emerging economies, such as severe foreign indebtedness and the absence of the rule of law, that undermine the effectiveness of the legal system in protecting indigenous peoples from oil exploitation. Having identified these factors, I propose that a dual approach to the protection of indigenous peoples' traditional lands and their environment be adopted, whereby international laws that set out the rights of indigenous peoples and place duties on states in this regard, are reinforced and translated into practice through the self-regulation of the international oil industry through a voluntary code of conduct for oil companies seeking to operate on indigenous peoples' traditional lands."
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Degai, Tatiana S., and Tatiana S. Degai. ""ITƏNMƏN”-- "The One Who Exists": Sociolinguistic Life of the Itelmen in Kamchatka, Russia in the Context of Language Loss and Language Revitalization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621442.
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The Pacific coast of Russia on the Kamchatka peninsula is home to a small indigenous group of traditional fishermen who call themselves Itelmens. The total population of Itelmens is a little over 3,000 people. Over the last three decades Itelmens have been successful in revitalizing their culture and maintaining traditional subsistence activities, cuisine, crafts, and dance. Sadly, this cannot be stated about the Itelmen language- “a severely endangered language-- which has about 5 native speakers left. Despite the language revitalization measures that have been actively undertaken by Itelmen language specialists since the 1980s, Itelmens continue to lose their speakers with no new speakers appearing. This sociolinguistic research aims to analyze the history of language loss, contemporary state of the language, spaces that the language is taught and practiced, and the circumstances that work for or against the active language revitalization among Itelmens. The intellectual merits of this study include gaining a better understanding of the nature of the reversing language shift processes and language vitality that occur in communities with a small number of speakers. The ultimate goal of this community-oriented research was to search for language revitalization initiatives that might work in the Itelmen case under the given social, political, and economic circumstances. Therefore, this study is offering multiple language revitalization initiatives that should be implemented both in rural and urban areas for fruitful development of the Itelmen language. These initiatives include the participation of all generations in the process and the introduction of multi-media and technology.
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Ogunleye, Michael. "Social Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Bricolage Model in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6640.
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Nigerian entrepreneurs face government barriers and lack the skills and awareness needed for successfully creating and scaling public value in resource-constrained environments. The concept of bricolage, which involves doing business by making do with resources at hand, has been addressed in the literature, but not as it occurs among Nigerian entrepreneurs. This study was conducted with the aim of narrowing this gap in knowledge by exploring how Nigerian entrepreneurs have successfully carried out their businesses. The research question addressed how Nigerian entrepreneurs overcame critical situations to successfully address the challenges of scaling and creating public value, and whether the theory of entrepreneurial bricolage can support their actions. A qualitative descriptive single case study with a purposeful sample of 22 interview respondents was employed. A total of 145 critical incidents were analyzed by fitting them into themes constructed a priori from the known behavioral patterns that emerged through the theoretical taxonomy of the concept of entrepreneurial bricolage. The results showed that Nigerian entrepreneurs made do with the resources at hand, improvised, and invoked stakeholder participation and persuasion to solve critical challenges of business continuity. The outcome of the research should help potential entrepreneurs determine strategies to scale their ideas or innovations to achieve positive social change. The results may be useful to any fledgling entrepreneur who needs encouragement when feeling overwhelmed by the challenges of doing business in Nigeria. Budding entrepreneurs can learn from the experiences of those who are deemed successful in their businesses, thereby avoiding challenges when they can and strategizing for those challenges that are unavoidable.
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Tobor, John Oghenero. "Urhobo Culture and the Amnesty Program in Niger Delta, Nigeria: An Ethnographic Case Study." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/128.
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Despite abundant oil resources, the residents of the Niger Delta endure extreme poverty, polluted environments, poor infrastructure, and high unemployment. In the early 1990s, these problems led to a violent uprising against oil exploration. In 2009 the government of Nigeria attempted to end the uprising by implementing an amnesty program for the militants that was designed to address the region's problems. The amnesty program resulted in suspending the violence but so far has not resolved the region's problems. If these problems are not addressed, the uprising may resume. Although the Urhobo people comprised the largest number of militants from the Western Niger Delta, there has been no research on whether there are aspects of the Urhobo culture that may be helpful for strengthening the amnesty program and preventing a return to violence by Urhobo ex-militants. Benet's polarities of democracy model served as the theoretical framework for this ethnographic study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations of 20 Urhobo ex-militants to learn what might prevent their return to violence. Content analysis was used to identify significant themes. Findings indicated that aspects of the Urhobo culture, such as communal obligations, respect for elders, and commitment to social justice and equality, may contribute to strengthening the amnesty program and preventing a return to violence. Recommendations include incorporating meaningful participation of Urhobo elders in the further development and implementation of the amnesty program. Implications for social change include informing policy makers of the importance the Urhobo culture may play in strengthening the amnesty program.
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Victor, Tarilate. "An analysis of the corporate social responsibility practices of indigenous oil companies operating in the Niger Delta." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235933.
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Gavin, Megan. "The legacy of colonial languages in West Africa: the issues of education and national language policy in Niger and Nigeria." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27652.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Tamuno, Paul Samuel. "The potential of the indigenous people's right to self-determination as a framework for accommodating the Niger Delta Communities' demand for self-determination within the sovereignty of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227612.
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This thesis examines the potential of the indigenous right to internal self-determination as a framework accommodating the demands of the Niger Delta Peoples for Self-determination within the sovereignty of Nigeria. The unsustainable exploitation of crude oil in the Niger Delta resulted in the ecological devastation of the region and adversely affected the Niger Delta People's subsistent traditional mode of using their lands. The response of the Niger Delta People was originally to seek redress by instituting legal actions in Nigerian courts. The failure of the majority of these actions, and the combined factors of the exclusion of the Niger Delta People from the process and proceeds of the oil industry and their marginalization in the political and administrative structure of Nigeria resulted in the demand by the Niger Delta People that Nigeria recognize their right to self-determination. They justified this demand for self-determination with the arguments that: Their dispossession from their lands by the government in Nigeria was akin to the exploitation of indigenous peoples in the Americas by colonial settlers. The unsustainable exploitation of resources in their territory placed them in the same position as colonized peoples experienced under foreign domination in the era of colonization. In a bid to protect her sovereignty, Nigeria does not recognize the rights of self-determination or 'peoplehood' or even minority status of any ethnic groups within Nigeria. This thesis argues that the indigenous right to internal self-determination is a framework that has the potential to bring lasting solution to the conflict between the Niger Delta people and the government of Nigeria for the following reasons: Indigenous internal self-determination prescribes a category of self-determination that is consistent with the sovereignty of states because it recommends inter alia autonomy with the territories of states. Indigenous internal self-determination provides a regime for sustainable development of resources as it recommends inter alia that states recognize the right of indigenous peoples to participation, consultation and free prior informed consent in the exploitation of resources in indigenous peoples' territory.
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Durodola, Olufunke Treasure Anike. "The rising popularity of Pidgin English radio stations in Nigeria: an audience study of Wazobia FM, Lagos." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020886.
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This research is located within media studies and draws on the Cultural Studies approach. It is an audience study, which uses the mixed methods of focus group discussions and an online survey to examine the importance of the use of Nigerian Pidgin as a broadcast language in investigating the rising popularity of Pidgin English radio in a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Nigeria. The study focuses on Wazobia FM, a radio station in Lagos, and the first pidgin station in Nigeria. It seeks to determine whether the station’s audience engaged with the station’s programming based on its prioritisation of NigP and the linguistic identity it offers them. The study foregrounds the marginalised status of NigP within the politics of language in Nigeria. It traces the language’s evolution through popular and oppositional expressions in broadcasting and in music. It also seeks to establish the place of Pidgin English within the role that language plays in the formation of the Nigerian identity. This study thus adopts the ‘emic’ perspective, which underpins qualitative methodology, and views social life in terms of processes as opposed to static terms. The theoretical framework of this research revolves around culture, language and identity. Pertinent concepts in post-colonial studies, together with conceptual frameworks in Cultural Studies, such as popular culture, representation, hegemony and counter-culture have been used to make sense of the popularity of NigP radio stations.
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Olaniyan, Rasaq. "Barriers to Technology Adoption Among Construction Project Managers in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7832.
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Innovative technologies for construction project management are constantly emerging in the construction industry's global landscape, yet the rate of failed projects within the Nigerian construction sector due to poor coordination of construction tasks is on the rise. An unanswered question in the literature remains as to why construction project managers in Nigeria remain slow to adopt new technologies for improving decision-making processes and project success rates. The purpose of this qualitative single case study with embedded units was to understand the perceptions of construction project managers in Nigeria regarding their barriers to technology adoption. This study was framed by 2 conceptual models: Usman and Said's model of factors contributing to information and communication technology adoption in Nigerian construction firms and Waziri, Mustapha, and Idris' model of factors influencing IT adoption in Nigerian construction organizations. Semistructured interviews involving 10 participants, reflective field notes, and archival data provided information regarding the barriers to technology adoption experience of construction project managers in Nigeria. Thematic analysis of the textual data and synthesis produced 5 conceptual categories for 14 identifiable themes from the study. The conceptual categories were (a) adoption of technology, (b) culture, (c) organizational performance, (d) innovative technology, and (e) interorganizational collaborations. The findings from this study may serve as a catalyst for positive social change by challenging existing technology-avoidance behavior in the Nigerian construction industry, and opening new opportunities for improved project delivery in the Nigerian national economy.
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Astete, Podkopaeva Carolina, and Meléndez Lourdes Yahaira Quiroz. "Documentación de la experiencia de los traductores e intérpretes de lenguas originarias en el Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652509.
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A pesar del carácter multiétnico y multilingüe del Perú, el español es considerado como la lengua predominante tanto en lo público como en lo privado. Esta situación de desigualdad genera conflictos sociales entre los peruanos y afecta, sobre todo, a aquellos que poseen el español como segunda lengua. En un intento de revertir esta injusticia para los hablantes de lenguas indígenas, el Estado creó un programa de intérpretes y traductores. La presente investigación busca documentar la experiencia de algunos traductores e intérpretes empadronados en dicho programa.Despite the multiethnic and multilingual character of Peru, Spanish is considered to be the most predominant language in both the public and the private spheres. This inequality has sparked many social conflicts in Peru affecting, above all, those who do not speak Spanish as their native language. As an attempt to reverse this injustice for speakers of indigenous languages, the State created a program of interpreters and translators. This investigation seeks to document the experience of some translators and interpreters registered in said program.
Tesis
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Imoni, Henry Odiri. "Exploring Ethnic Diversity on Managerial Choices in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6048.
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In Nigeria, most citizens between the ages of 20-60 believe that ethnicity is the leading cause of discrimination. The central problem addressed in this study was how ethnic diversity influenced managerial choices in Nigeria. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the role of ethnicity in managerial choices in a Nigerian federal traffic management agency to gain an understanding of how ethnicity influenced managers' recruitment, placement, and promotion of employees. Complexity theory and a consideration of African management practices constituted the conceptual framework. Participants were 11 managers who were recruited from a Nigerian government agency using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. Data collection occurred through interviews, observation, and government document reviews. Through use of Yin's 5-step process for data analysis, data triangulation, and member checking, 10 themes emerged regarding managers' decisions: (a) federal character principle, (b) merit, (c) ethnicity, (d) influence of godfathers, (e) favoritism, (f) promotion, (g) productivity, (h) morale, (i) frustration, and (j) health challenges. A conclusion was that ethnicity played a role in managerial choices. However, the execution of the current Nigerian law to manage ethnic diversity allowed the alleged discriminatory actions of managers in government agencies. Recommendations included a change in the implementation strategy of the federal character principle to reduce incidences of discriminatory actions in government agencies. This study may contribute to positive social change by providing public service managers the knowledge to create an enlightened and fair public service, free of ethnically induced barriers that have underpinned Nigeria's underdevelopment.
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Anwana, EnoAbasi D. "Forbidden (sacred) lakes and conservation : the role of indigenous beliefs in the management of wetland resources in the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6099/.
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The relationship between communities of the Niger Delta and their most important wetlands was assessed with the aim of characterizing the importance of linkages between indigenous beliefs and the conservation of biodiversity. Comparative multidisciplinary studies of the belief systems and use of four freshwater lakes, one sacred and one non-sacred, in each of two communities, Biseni and Osiama in Bayelsa State, were conducted. A combination of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, structured questionnaires and ecological field surveys, was used. Assessment of fish biodiversity in the four lakes was conducted in conjunction with local fishermen. Results revealed a structured system of beliefs, rules and meanings within these communities which influence the communities’ use of natural resources and ensure the protection of certain reptiles, such as the threatened dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus tetraspis. There are social sanctions and penalties for contravening the rules. Common ancestry and social connectedness among neighbouring communities link the management of some of these lakes together, forming a network of lakes reserved for periodic fishing. Measurements of fish biodiversity showed that the sacred lakes had higher diversities, as measured by both the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson-Yule indices, than the non-sacred lakes. Characiformes and Siluriformes were the predominant orders confirming observations made by fisherfolk within the study group. The culturally protected freshwater lakes studied provide insights into how biodiversity loss in the Niger Delta can be tackled through the involvement of indigenous people in the management of threatened biodiversity and watershed areas. A recommendation is made for capacity building of indigenous groups and training of common interest groups within the region for sustainable wetland resource management.
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Asonye, Priscilla Ndidi. "Experiences and Perceptions of Pregnant Unmarried Adolescents in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/86.
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Sexual activity among unmarried adolescents is a major public health problem in Nigeria, because unmarried pregnant girls are more likely to have multiple sex partners and are less likely to use contraceptives, putting them at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), unplanned pregnancy, abortion, social isolation, and poverty. Teen pregnancy and STD rates are on the rise in Nigeria, yet few data exist on the experience of the adolescents themselves. This phenomenological study was designed to explore the in-depth experiences of 10 pregnant, unmarried adolescent girls aged 16-19, including the factors contributing to their sexual activity. An ecological model served as the conceptual framework to permit individual experiences to be understood in their social and ecological context. Semistructured interviews and Hycner's method of analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. Results showed that the decision to initiate sexual activity among these girls was influenced by many factors, including: the need for financial support and a socially condoned system of "sugar daddies" who support girls in return for sex; peer pressure to have a sex partner; a romantic knowledge of sexual behavior based primarily on the mass media; and inadequate sex education. As a result of their pregnancy, the girls experienced negative reactions from their families and community, and serious psychological and financial concerns about their prospects for future marriage and their child's identity. A comprehensive community-based reproductive health program is called for, with reliable sex education, cooperation from the mass media, and support from family and community members. The social change implication of this study is to potentially lead to a decrease in unplanned pregnancy, STDs, social isolation, and poverty among adolescent girls in Nigeria.
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Jones, Rebecca Katherine. "Writing domestic travel in Yoruba and English print culture, southwestern Nigeria, 1914-2014." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5249/.
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Travel writing criticism has sometimes suggested that little travel writing has been produced by Africans. This thesis shows that this is not the case, through a literary study of writing about travel published in Yoruba-speaking southwestern Nigeria between 1914 and 2014. This is a study of writing about domestic travel – Nigerians travelling within Nigeria – and of both Yoruba- and English-language texts. It is both a study of conventional ‘travel writing’ such as first-person travelogues, and of the motif of travel in writing more broadly: it encompasses serialised newspaper columns, historical writing, novels, autobiography, book-length travelogues and online writing. As well as close readings, this study draws on archival research and an in-depth interview with travel writer Pelu Awofeso. This is not an exhaustive study but rather a series of case studies, placed in their historical context. I examine southwestern Nigerian writers’ re resentations of laces within Nigeria and changing communal identities: local, translocal, regional and national. I explore their ideas about the benefits of travel and travel writing, knowledge and cosmopolitanism. I argue that we can read these texts as products of a local print culture, addressed to local readers, as well as in relation to the broader travel writing tradition.
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Yamada, Racquel-Maria 1967. "Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari'nja in Konomerume." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11304.
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xxii, 995 p. A print copy of this thesis (with two accompanying DVD videos) is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Since 2005, I have been working with members of the Kari'nja community of Konomerume, Suriname to document, describe, preserve, and revitalize their heritage language, the Aretyry dialect of Kari'nja (Cariban family). Simultaneously, I have worked to develop, pilot, and articulate a model of field research that depends on participation from speech community members. This dissertation combines exposition of this model of field research with presentation of a large body of the results from the application of that new model. Ethnically Kari'nja, Konomerume community members have witnessed a decline in language use in recent generations. Although I work primarily with members of the Konomerume community, a village on the banks of the Wajambo River in Suriname, in recent years, I have expanded my work to include two other communities in the region, Corneliskondre and Kalebas Kreek. My work with Kari'nja community members concerns four broad, interrelated areas of endangered languages research, each described in a section of the dissertation. Following Chapter 1, which provides an orientation to the dissertation as a whole, Chapter 2 reviews strengths and problems with prior models of fieldwork, then proposes a new model of fieldwork with members of Indigenous communities. Chapter 3 demonstrates some of the linguistic results of our work together in Konomerume, offering a more pedagogical overview of some aspects of Kari'nja grammar followed by more academic descriptions of nonverbal predication and an innovative main clause progressive construction. Chapter 4 addresses how documentation can be combined with applied linguistics to support revitalization through formal language teaching. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the documentary corpus that is found in the appendices, explaining procedural steps used in creating the corpus and outlining the actual documentary products that we have produced. The Appendices are the concrete representation of the body of collaborative work that the Kari'nja community and I have done together. They include DVD videos, a substantial collection of transcribed, translated, and grammatically annotated texts in multiple genres, a dictionary, a pedagogical grammar sketch, and a curriculum guide for formal teaching of introductory Kari'nja.
Committee in charge: Spike Gildea, Chairperson, Linguistics; Eric Pederson, Member, Linguistics; Susan Guion, Member, Linguistics; Janne Underriner, Member, Linguistics; Brian Klopotek, Outside Member, Anthropology
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Vallejos, Yopán Rosa 1971. "A grammar of Kokama-Kokamilla." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11051.
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xxix, 918 p. : ill. (some col.), mapsThis dissertation is a comprehensive grammar of Kokama-Kokamilla (KK), as spoken by about 1000 elders in the Peruvian Amazon. It presents detailed documentation of the structures of the language and the functions they serve, with rich exemplification. This study is based on significant fieldwork since 1997, allowing the analysis to be grounded in text data. One of KK's most salient typological features is a morphological distinction between male and female speech in several grammatical categories. Major grammatical categories like person, number, tense, and modality are conveyed by positionally fixed clitics. Five tense clitics encode three degrees of distance into the past and two into the future. There are also six epistemic modal clitics, which interact to create a four-way modal system. None of the twelve suffixes is obligatory, but, in language use, as many as four can occur together on a single verb, followed by up to two clitics. Syntactically, KK has intransitive and transitive clauses, but semantically three-place predicates are syntactically encoded by means of transitive clauses. There are six directive constructions that distinguish degrees of pragmatic force. Another noteworthy point is the multiple types of purpose clause which differ in terms of coreference, controlled by the matrix clause absolutive argument rather than the subject. Clause nominalization is a central subordination strategy, particularly in relativization, which is largely achieved via an absolutive nominalizer. Pragmatically, KK has constructions that explicitly distinguish subtypes of focus according to scope (narrow/broad) and pragmatic information (contrastive/noncontrastive). This bears on theories about whether contrast simply emerges from conversational implicature, versus can be explicitly coded by dedicated grammar. Information structure also explains the distribution of alternating pronominal forms and constituent orders. Though long classified as Tupí-Guaraní, recent research claims that KK is the product of a contact language situation and hence has a mixed grammar. Although this claim seems accurate, this study shows the possible Tupí-Guaraní origin of a number of grammatical morphemes. What languages (and families) contributed to the rest of the mix remains to be determined. Thus, this comprehensive description is an important step in advancing comparative studies among the languages of the region.
Adviser: Spike Gildea, Chairperson; Committee members: Doris Payne; Scott DeLancey; Francisco Queixalos; Lawrence Sugiyama