Journal articles on the topic 'Indirect book promotion'

The paper highlights the results of an empirical study of sources of obtaining information about books and the role of mass media in the promotion of reading among Kremenchuk student youth. The methodological basis of the study was the social and communication paradigm. A set of research methods was used to achieve the goal: theoretical to determine the state of development of the problem, the definition of conceptual apparatus; empirical (survey) to identify the role of media in reading promotion. The survey was conducted in the framework of the project "Book in virtual space". As a result of empirical research, the hypothesis that mass media plays an important role in the popularization of reading, particularly among student youth was confirmed. The study showed that the main media kinds, from which young people receive information about books, are online media and websites of publishing and book-selling organizations. The indirect ways of book promoting are considered by students to be a priority over direct advertising and promotion of books. The mass media is the main source of information about books; this determines the importance of expanding the communication channels of libraries with the audience, first of all, by accessing the virtual space. The generalized analysis of respondents' comments and wishes testifies to students' understanding of the role of reading in human development and the need for its promotion.

Objectives – The main objectives of this study were the following: 
 
 1) To determine the existence of a formal promotion or marketing strategic plan for e-books in academic libraries.
 2) To identify the marketing and promotion tools being used for e-book marketing.
 3) To understand the role of faculty in promoting e-books. 
 4) To explore the issues and challenges that the libraries are facing in promoting e-books.
 5) To investigate the future plans for the promotion of e-books. 
 
 Design – Qualitative study involving individual interviews followed by thematic analysis.
 
 Setting – The research setting was seven academic libraries with various sizes of e-book collections (~9,000 to ~500,000) and ranging from research leading to teaching focused universities. 
 
 Subjects – The interviews were conducted with 25 academic librarians, including 19 subject librarians, 4 e-resources librarians, 1 collection development manager, and 1 acquisition and metadata officer. 
 
 Methods – Using a multiple case approach, the researchers interviewed 25 librarians from 7 academic libraries. The interviews were digitally recorded. The interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The researchers recorded information about the type and size of the university, number of e-books, and the role of interviewees, and then conducted a semi-structured interview. The following questions were asked:
 
 1) “Do you have a promotion/marketing strategy for e-books (or e-resources)? If not, is there a need for one?
 2) What are the marketing and promotion tools you use for e-books?
 3) What are the issues and challenges in promoting e-books?” (p. 629)
 
 Main Results – While none of the cases had a formalized marketing strategy, most participants (19 out of 25) acknowledged the importance of developing one. Those who did not find it necessary argued that their users had good knowledge of library e-resources, thus, marketing was unnecessary. Although there was a lack of a marketing strategic plan across all the cases, some of the participants were practicing e-book marketing and promotion to some extent. The interviewees mentioned a total of 20 different promotional tools. The most frequently used promotional tools were library websites, information literacy sessions, OPACs, and e-mails. Participants also noted marketing using online help tutorials and various events. The least frequently mentioned promotional tools were announcement boards, a library representative, blogs, bulletins, the display screen, and a marketing campaign. The marketing campaign was only mentioned by librarians from one library. 
 
 According to some respondents, there are faculty and course instructors who contribute in promotion of e-books dependently or independently from the library. Some recommend e-books as course reading materials, some add links to e-books on the virtual learning environment (VLE) reading lists, and some even go beyond that and provide instructions on how to use e-books. Not all librarians were aware of the use of e-books by faculty.
 The authors also investigated the future plans anticipated by the participants. There was only one library that has appointed a marketing officer and intends to develop a marketing strategy. All other cases plan to improve on current marketing practices or expressed innovative approaches in marketing by “development of an information literacy project, use of online chat, promotion of e-books in course committee meetings, provision of a paper guide for e-books,” CD case display of available e-books, and other strategies (p. 633).
 
 Marketing a new service comes with its own issues and challenges. The most frequently mentioned issues and challenges that librarians were facing were time constraints, raising users’ expectations, and e-book availability in the library. Also, accessibility was of concern to some participants. 
 
 Conclusion – This study underlines the importance of marketing a library’s new resources, particularly e-books, and it confirms the lack of a strategic approach to marketing in academic libraries. Some participants recognize the importance of a strategic plan, and practice e-book marketing using a variety of tools. However, most tools are not marketing specific, but are either communication tools or part of service delivery. The authors stated that most interviewees had a reflective approach to marketing, since they were trying to improve the current marketing practices by innovative means or by adapting successful practices from other colleagues.
 
 The authors recommend that establishing a well thought-out strategic approach would help overcome several issues and challenges raised by participants. It would help manage the tension between service delivery and promotion. Also, it would provide clear guidelines for developing a budget allocation plan for e-book purchasing. In addition, internal marketing would help establish a culture of user-centred service in the library, and highlights the importance of new services among library staff. 
 Libraries are always dependent on publishers’ decisions concerning the availability of and licensing agreements for e-books. They are considered as “intermediaries in the information or document supply chain” (p. 638). The authors suggest future studies to understand the role of libraries in managing links between licensing issues and service delivery. 
 
 One interesting observation in this study was the absence of Web 2.0 tools as promotional tools. It seems that libraries do not fully take advantage of new technology for marketing. Another interesting finding was the inaccurate or indirect reference to the notion of word-of-mouth by respondents. In this study, word-of-mouth was mentioned as a marketing tool by only a few participants. No one perceived the role of academic faculty in promoting e-books by word-of-mouth. While word-of-mouth is considered to be an invaluable marketing strategy because it is a tailored recommendation by consumers to consumers (Alire, 2007), it was neglected by most respondents in this study. Overall, the lack of knowledge of marketing strategies and users’ information seeking behaviour among academic librarians is evident.

The development of digital technology has affected the development of the food and beverage industry in Indonesia. Technology can be used as a medium for sales and promotion to facilitate certain small businesses in introducing their businesses to potential customers. This evolution also means that there is an increase in competition between one product to another. Le Jaune Patisserie is one of food beverage industry which offers unique dessert products, but is still unknown by Malang society due to the lack of promotion. Therefore, this company needs something that able to attract customers’ interest. This project is done by qualitative methods and has purposes to create a logo, CIS book used as a guide in applying the logo and other visual elements to maintain brand consistency. Furthermore, there are also the promotional media design in form of Instagram feeds and packaging box that are used to protect the products and as an indirect promotional media.

Maru Design is Surabaya branding agency for small to medium businesses. During author’s internship, Maru Design wanted a tool to help recognition of local coffee shops in Surabaya. The purpose is to raise brand awareness, so Maru Design get indirect promotion. The solution is creating a coffee shops guidebook consists of reviews by author and designed by Maru Design. Therefore, guidebook can be used to increase brand awareness of local coffee shops while promoting Maru Design. The author conduct an online questionnaire to 30 college students who are coffee shops' visitors and coffee drinkers. Then, observation of the shop and owner's interview to complete the guidebook. Guidebook was made by applying theory of making guidebook by Noor (2018), coffee shop photography by Mike (2017), Writing by Cohen (2017) and Electronic book by Cepulskaite (2020). Through the finding, it is effective because it’s timeless aspect and easy access.Keywords: Brand awareness, Promotion, Guidebook, Coffee shops

Background: Dental and oral health problems occur in all age groups, including the elderly. Dental caries is one of thedental and oral health problems. An epidemiological study reported that 83.5% out of 91 elderly respondents did nothave a routine dental check-up. The data concluded that those who routinely have dental check-up had a lower cariesrisk than the others. The public health centre did not have data about the total of elderly visitors in the dental poly unit.The BULAN KESGILUT book aimed to help to monitor dental and oral health status in the elderly. Purpose: To helpthe dental poly and elderly visitors to have medical records related to dental and oral health using BULAN KESGILUTbook. Methods: The program adopted an indirect health education method involving cadres and dentists from the publichealth centre. The counselling was done by group. The lecture consisted of dental and oral health material printed inthe BULAN KESGILUT book. We have then informed the dentists on how to record the dental and oral health statusin the BULAN KESGILUT book and educate the cadres on how to read those records. Results: The mean of cadres’understanding of BULAN KESGILUT book was 97.92%, and the mean of cadres’ information dissemination relatedto BULAN KESGILUT book was 55.81%. Conclusion: The program results showed that BULAN KESGILUT was aneffective media in monitoring dental and oral health status in the elderly. However, a continuous promotion by the cadresand the public health center is necessary

In this scientific article, the author will discuss the latest problems related to the world of fanfic genre authorship which is currently on the rise because of the rising prestige of world artists and more specifically related to the rise of the Korean entertainment industry as trendsetters in various sectors, especially for book lovers or who like to read books, Fanfiction works are now starting to run rampant on various social media platforms, namely the most talked about and the most impactful is blue bird social media or twitter, many new writers who produce fanfiction works based on artists or idols in the form of diverse writings, Idols and artists are used as visualizations and inspirations although sometimes the author also makes his own groove or character, when the writing rises to the top of trending and get a lot of attention then book publishers are now starting to glance at the existence of twitter fanfiction so that initially the fanfiction is only for entertainment then now it begins to be commercialized in the form of physical books. However, the problem that there are many authors and publishers do not pay attention to the ethics of doing business or the rules or laws that apply related to copyright and intellectual property rights reflected from promotion to the creation of physical books still associate the visuals and names of famous artists or idols so as to indirectly increase the price figure and the number of enthusiasts.

Internship/Work Practice is one of eight Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) program options, where students will be directly involved in a company. This program is expected to increase knowledge and skills in accordance with what has been learned at the institution and gain work experience to make students better prepared to face the world of work in the future. Tuxedo Studio is an option for writers as an internship place in the MBKM internship/work practice program. Tuksedo Studio (PT. Kreasi Mobil Bali) is engaged in the automotive industry which focuses on playing classic cars with handbuilt characteristics.In the Indonesia International Motor Show 2022 event, Tuksedo Studio participated in the exhibition which was held in Jakarta from March 31 to April 10. With this event, books have become one of the promotional media needed. The design process is carried out directly and indirectly by making interview, observations, as well as collecting documentation and data to support the design of the book. The purpose of designing the book is to provide information related to the process of making classic cars.

This study examined the effects of contact, books, and discussions on the attitudes of kindergarten-age children toward people with disabilities. Children in the high-contact group participated in a program designed to promote acceptance of people with disabilities; the low-contact group had incidental contact with children with disabilities; the no-contact group had neither direct nor indirect contact with children with disabilities. At pretest, all participants had low levels of acceptance of people with disabilities. At posttest, significant gains in levels of acceptance were found only in the high-contact group. The program appears to be an effective strategy for promoting acceptance of people with disabilities.

This type of research aims to be used is qualitative descriptive research. The primary and secondary data sources where primary data are data sources obtained directly using observation and interview methods, polls from individuals or a group while secondary are data sources obtained through media intermediaries or indirectly in the form of books. the methods used are observation, interview, and document methods. Based on the results of research on marketing communication strategies conducted by @Astwear.id consisting of product, price, place, promotion, people, process, packaging and payment. Through the promotion element @Astwear.id take advantage of Instagram features such as Follow, Post, Automatic Direct Massage, create creative content, apply give away, then do ads with using endorsement and paid promotion services.

Services in the health sector have indirectly undergone changes, initially promotions could be in the form of face-to-face, now becoming a digital system called the industrial revolution 4.0. People in this world have been exposed to the digital system, so where there is a medium there must be a human. This change has a positive impact where you can enjoy this change. In the present era, it has developed into electronics in the form of modules, books (e-modules, e-books) and others. Development occurs in the book on maternal and child health (the MCH handbook). Methods in solving this problem can be done in stages include; (1) Dissemination of e-module links, (2) Mother's identity; (3) Pre test; (4) Learning (electronic); (5) Test post; (6) Personal or group discussion. Evaluation of the stages above, the process of developing the MCH e-module and the final result through the assistance of mothers who became respondents. By differentiating the initial and final results of learning, it is hoped that it will motivate mothers to carry out supporting activities for maternal and child health. In addition to the material, it can also be used as a reminder that mothers should check their mothers and children on time. With the development of this MCH handbook, it is hoped that mothers can wisely carry out pregnancy checks, preparation for birth to care and growth and development of children.

This study analyzes the application of prophetic communication as practiced by Prophet Muhammad SAW in correcting mistakes and fostering social harmony, as outlined in the book The Prophet’s Methods of Correcting People’s Mistakes. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the research focuses on understanding the communication strategies used by the Prophet, which are rooted in wisdom, empathy, and situational adaptability. The study systematically reviews the book’s structure, highlighting key principles such as sincerity, contextual awareness, and the importance of preserving individual dignity when addressing errors. Methods identified include direct correction, gentle guidance, and indirect approaches, all tailored to the character and context of the individual involved. The findings show that these prophetic methods remain highly relevant for addressing challenges in modern contexts, particularly in education, leadership, and social relationships. The study also discusses the strengths and limitations of the book, noting its practical guidance and universal relevance, while suggesting further exploration of its application in contemporary settings. Overall, this research provides a conceptual framework for implementing prophetic communication principles, offering valuable insights for educators, leaders, and the wider community in promoting harmonious and effective social interactions.

Parents often inhibit learning process organized by education, due to their ignorance about how to educate child well. Incapability of dealing with those changes leads to dysfunctional families, and problematic children. This research aimed: to analyzed the health promotion information access pattern of parent caretaking pattern through parenting education. This study was taken place in Karanganyar Regency area, Central Java. As a survey research with cross-sectional design, this study built on questionnaire as a main instrument of collecting primary data, while secondary data was obtained from recording in the related institutions in Karanganyar Regency. The sample consisted of 108 parents, taken using purposive sampling technique. To address the objective, multiple linear regression and path analyses were used. Its important finding was that interactions with other students’ parent, with other members of family, and with media simultaneously affected significantly the parenting pattern holistically, either directly or indirectly. The largest effect on parenting was exerted by interaction between parent and media. From those findings, the author recommended that the appropriate parenting education strategies were to provide adequate information such as reading books for parent, to facilitate parent discussion to generate interaction between parents so that they shared information more frequently.

This article discusses the strategy of offering microtakaful under Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is an initiative named “Perlindungan Tenang", there are three takaful companies are participating in this initiative. Therefore, this study was conducted on BNM and three takaful companies to look at the micro takaful offering strategies. This study used qualitative methods that conducted interviews with Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and the three Takaful companies involved. Then, the data are analysed using thematic analysis, which discusses the theme of product design, participation response, distribution channel, participation method, physical product offering, contribution payment method, and product promotion method. Besides, the analysis in this study also used comparative analysis to compare the strategies of offering micro takaful with three takaful companies and documentation analysis involving analysis of journals, books, conference papers, and websites related to corroborate the findings of the analysis. The results of the analysis found that the takaful product coded as product C has the best strategy in terms of the first aspect, a simple product design. Second, the response to participation was so good that group offerings had to be discontinued. Third, the method of offering in collaboration with Agro Bank branches throughout the state. Fourth, participatory methods are offered individually and in groups. Fifth, the physical offer products in the form of cards when joining the scheme. Sixth, the method of payment of contributions at Agro Bank branch counters for individual participation and group participation can be paid to the head or representative. Lastly seventh, the method of promoting the product is offered in collaboration with Agro Bank to customers who deal directly or indirectly with the customers of this bank. Overall, this study can produce a micro takaful offering strategy model that has the characteristics and advantages of product design, supply channel strategy and product promotion method, supply method strategy, and payment method as well as product physical strategy after a comparative analysis of the three products. offering takaful products under this initiative.

Abstract Health information plays a critical role for health promotion and maintenance in later life. While health information seeking is primarily driven by need (e.g., health), significantly less is known about the roles of education and health-literacy. Thus, we examine complex pathways that link health information seeking behaviors with education and health literacy (decomposed into general literacy and numeracy), and how these pathways differ by health status among a nationally representative sample of Americans age 50 and older (n = 2,750). Data come from the 2012/2014 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies. Multi-group structural equation models were used to examine the use of eight health information sources (newspapers, magazines, internet, radio, TV, books, friends/family, and health professionals) by health status (good vs. poor). Findings showed that literacy and numeracy are significant mediators of the relationship between education and health professional as an information source. Additionally, the mediation effects on health professionals by literacy status [indirect-effect (good vs. poor health) = 0.48 vs. 2.13, p < 0.05] and numeracy [indirect-effect (good vs. poor health) = -0.47 vs. -1.81, p < 0.05] were significantly moderated by health. At the same time, no moderated mediation effect was observed in the use of any other information sources. This study provides some of the first nationally representative evidence regarding how education functions through health literacy components to shape health information seeking behaviors by health status. Explanations and implications for differing effects of education, literacy, and numeracy on health information seeking in later life were evaluated.

The whitefly is a pest that frequently infests cultivated plants, causing both direct and indirect damage that can significantly reduce crop yields. In addition to whitefly infestations, declining soil fertility is another factor that can lead to decreased production. One potential solution to these issues is the use of UV plastic shade. This method can help reduce the population of whitefly pests. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of UV plastic shade in enhancing soil fertility and reducing whitefly presence in arid regions. The research methodology employed is descriptive, utilizing a literature review of sources such as scientific articles, books, journals, discussions, and previous research findings. UV plastic shade has been found to increase the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, thereby promoting soil fertility and plant growth. Additionally, UV plastic shade can reduce whitefly populations in dry areas by disrupting their life cycle and behavior.

This research aims to understand the level of public understanding of science and the extent of media consumption among citizens of Tehran, as well as the relationship between the two. To achieve this, public understanding of science was assessed in three dimensions: cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral. The study was conducted quantitatively using a survey method, with participants being men and women over the age of 15 in Tehran, totaling 400 individuals as the sample. After collecting data with the help of statistical software, the data were processed, and the results were presented at the descriptive and analytical levels. The findings of the research indicated that the public understanding of science is at a moderate level. Specifically, the cognitive and behavioral dimensions were at a moderate level, while the attitudinal dimension was at a high level. Regarding the extent of media consumption, the results showed that this level is low. Among the media types, the highest consumption was related to books, television, satellite, and the internet. The results of the hypothesis tests also confirmed the main hypothesis, which is the relationship between media consumption and public understanding of science. Additionally, the results of multiple regression and path analysis indicated that three variables—media consumption, education level, and social class—have a direct relationship with public understanding of science. Meanwhile, the variables of trust in media, the alignment of media content with audience needs, age, high school field of study, employment status, gender, and marital status have an indirect significant relationship with public understanding of science.

The balance between smog pollution (SP) control and economic growth (EG) is currently a major problem facing China’s development. Green technology innovation (GTI) is an effective way to promote ecological civilization and realize green development. Thus, whether GTI can facilitate a win–win situation of SP control and stable EG is an important issue of academic concerns. In this paper, the mechanisms of the role of GTI, SP and EG were systematically demonstrated. The corresponding research hypotheses were proposed. Based on the data book of 278 Chinese cities from 2008 to 2020, the effects of GTI on SP and EG were systematically investigated using the econometric estimation method of dynamic spatial panel simultaneous equations. The results show that GTI can reduce SP directly, or indirectly by promoting EG. Although GTI can promote EG, EG may be inhibited due to GTI-induced SP reduction. Inter-regional SP showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. EG had significant spatial correlation effects. GTI in neighboring regions can also facilitate local SP control. Further analysis shows that compared with green utility model innovation (GUMI), green invention and innovation (GII) had a more significant effect on reducing SP and promoting EG. In addition, the analysis of the comprehensive effect of GTI on SP and EG shows that GTI can achieve the overall balanced development of SP prevention and EG regardless of GTI types.

Talk about retail business can not be separated from the importance of service to consumers and good quality goods . But at the present time due to intense competition in the business world , the service and quality of goods is not enough to be able to increase revenue and attract customers loyal . This makes companies think hard to survive and stable in the business . One of them is by using a media campaign in this regard more toward print or visual media is indirectly felt the value of their effectiveness in communicating product marketing programs . PT . Times Prima Indonesia is a company engaged in the retail book with the name of the Times bookstores . Based on the analysis of the company’s problems requires additional media types supporting more varied and creatif promotion of existing ones, which will be used as a complement and a media campaign as well as to enrich the data renewal campaign design to capture the interest of consumers in which one form of the media campaign is shaped merchandise . Therefore , do Enriching ( enrich ) media campaign merchandise before it is less varied and has not formed a company image . The methodology used is the analysis, observation and design . Besides the new design has been tested with the implemented test duration for 6 months, and greatly increases the perceived contribution , this is evidenced by the chart sales increasing each month.

Abstract This research investigates Kampung Naga’s cultural and environmental tourist boom. The study examines community engagement, empowerment, and tourism sustainability, using field investigations, interviews, and qualitative data analysis. The research explores the relationship between tourism and culture, environmentalism, nature conservation, and community participation, with a focus on promoting sustainable tourism. The findings suggest that sustainable tourism can benefit Kampung Naga’s economy, society, and environment, by preserving local cultural integrity and ecological sustainability, and promoting community interests. As this research is carried out, preserving the environment has a direct impact on the resilience of cultural preservation in Kampung Naga. Indirectly, the entire local community is the main key in maintaining cultural preservation by maintaining unique culture and identity as an attraction, community participation and decision making for every planning and maintaining tourism areas, and maintaining harmony between the community and the environment which continues to develop from Socio - Ecological systems approach. The study stresses the relevance of cultural preservation and ecological sustainability in tourist expansion and the local community’s role in sustainable tourism. These consequences highlight the necessity to integrate cultural conservation and ecological sustainability into tourist expansion to preserve unique cultural assets and conserve the environment for future generations.

Catharanthus roseus is a beautiful flowering perennial herb which is always in bloom as ornamental plant. It is known as Madagascar periwinkle. This plant characterized as terpenoids indole alkaloid producing plant cultivated in warm region. Besides alkaloid it is rich in phenolic compounds, organic acids and amino acid of pharmacological significance in its different parts. Traditionally, this herbal plant is boon to provide protective action for many deadly health problems being faced by humans by their direct or indirect usage in skin disease, high blood pressure, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, indigestion etc. But nowadays, transition to modern and formulated treatment has been increased. Alkaloid vincristine, vinblastine, vinflunine, vinorelbine and vindesine are clinically approved for treatment regimen. Its pharmacological actions are ranging from antimicrobial to anti-neoplastic which are discussed to understand the health promoting properties. Catharanthus roseus is a nontoxic traditional medicinal plant but its semi-finished and finished products are prone to certain kind of toxic effects. Major anticancer drugs isolated from C. Roseus are Oncovin and Velban marketed world widely in millions of tons. This article provides evidence for clinical effectiveness and toxicity of approved phytoconstituents which is relevant for safety evaluation of various folksier and pharmacological activities.

Catharanthus roseus is a beautiful flowering perennial herb which is always in bloom as ornamental plant. It is known as Madagascar periwinkle. This plant characterized as terpenoids indole alkaloid producing plant cultivated in warm region. Besides alkaloid it is rich in phenolic compounds, organic acids and amino acid of pharmacological significance in its different parts. Traditionally, this herbal plant is boon to provide protective action for many deadly health problems being faced by humans by their direct or indirect usage in skin disease, high blood pressure, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, indigestion etc. But nowadays, transition to modern and formulated treatment has been increased. Alkaloid vincristine, vinblastine, vinflunine, vinorelbine and vindesine are clinically approved for treatment regimen. Its pharmacological actions are ranging from antimicrobial to antineoplastic which are discussed to understand the health promoting properties. Catharanthus roseus is a nontoxic traditional medicinal plant but its semifinished and finished products are prone to certain kind of toxic effects. Major anticancer drugs isolated from C. Roseus are Oncovin and Velban marketed world widely in millions of tons. This article provides evidence for clinical effectiveness and toxicity of approved phytoconstituents which is relevant for safety evaluation of various folksier and pharmacological activities. 

The Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the largest employers in the country after agriculture. The labor intensive sector employs approximately 114 million persons and contributes nearly 30 per cent to India’s GDP. MSME is considered as the boon for the fresh talents in India promoting economic solidity in terms of growth and export. Approximately 50 per cent of our exports come from goods and services produced and sold by the sector. Not only that the MSMEs and its contributions are directly or indirectly benefitting many other prime sectors of the country. The government acknowledging the importance of the sector grants a major part of its outlay on the same. The article is an attempt to present the analysis of the improvisation in the fund allocation for the sector in the last three budgets till the current one passed on 17th of March 2021.

Ogden Codman, Jr. (1863-1951), America's first significant interior designer is the subject of a retrospective at the Boston Athenaeum in 1989. The last chapter of his book, The Decoration of Houses, is devoted to schoolrooms and nurseries. Codman's decorating sense was classic and in the grand manner, however nurseries were to be functionally simple but stimulating. The child's environment conditions asthetic growth. "The esthetic sensibilities wake early in some children." However, "parents of such children often think that no special care need be spent on their surroundings, a curious misconception. "If art is really a factor in civilization it seems obvious that the feeling for beauty needs as careful cultivation as the other civic virtues." "Children are not reached by abstract ideas." "The child's mind must be prepared by daily lessons in beauty." "To sum up then . . . the child's visible surroundings form the basis of the best . . . cultivation: . . . the development of any artistic taste . . . indirectly broadens the whole view of life." Would that it were so! According to the Select Panel for the Promotion of Child Health, United States Children live under the following circumstances. 0.9% in homes without piped in water, 21.8% water not obtained from a system, 34% not connected to a public sewer. 11.2% in run down housing, 8.2% in abandoned structures, 12.8% with leaky basements, 7.5% with leaky rooves, 7.3% with cracks in the walls and ceilings, 5.1% with peeling paint and plaster, 2.8% with holes in the floors.

Da'wah is an effort made by someone in distributing Islamic knowledge or information. Da'wah is delivered in various forms, namely direct or indirect. In the modern era or often referred to as the millennial era, it has become a trend that the delivery of da'wah is done online, this is very supportive of the current state of society which requires us to learn and keep getting extensive information even though we are in the atmosphere of the Covid-19 pandemic.This study uses qualitative research where the case is in the form of descriptive data in the form of an observed analytical statement. In general, qualitative research is research based on people's lives, history, behavior, and social activities. One of the reasons for using a qualitative approach is the experience of researchers who found and understood the optimization of YouTube as a medium of propaganda for the millennial generation.The results of the study are that nowadays youtube is also often used as a medium of da'wah, supported by circumstances that currently require people to stay at home. Youtube is very suitable and recommendations are used for preaching. The implementation of the da'wah strategy through Youtube social media, namely: (1) For consumptive planning such as the routine activities of the Koran week and recitations; (2) Promotion of pesantren to attract students; (3) To study the Koran, especially the pronunciation of the hijaiyah letters; (4) To recite books and others.

CONTEXT: Brazilian infant and child mortality levels are not compatible with the country's economic potential. In this paper, we provide a description of levels and trends in infant mortality due to perinatal causes and malformations and assess the likely impact of changing intermediate-level determinants, many of which are amenable to direct interventions through the health or related sectors. TYPE OF STUDY: Review paper. METHODS: Two main sources of mortality data were used: indirect mortality estimates based on censuses and surveys, and rates based on registered deaths. The latter were corrected for under-registration. Combination of the two sources of data allowed the estimation of cause-specific mortality rates. Data on current coverage of preventive and curative interventions were mostly obtained from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey. Other national household surveys and Ministry of Health Statistics were also used. A thorough review of the Brazilian literature on levels, trends and determinants of infant mortality led to the identification of a large number of papers and books. These provided the background for the analyses of risk factors and potential interventions. RESULTS: The indirect infant mortality rate estimate for 1995-97 is of 37.5 deaths per thousand live births, about six times higher than in the lowest mortality countries in the world. Perinatal causes account for 57% of all infant deaths, and congenital malformations are responsible for 11.2% of these deaths. Mortality levels are highest in the Northeast and North, and lowest in the South and Southeast; the Center-West falls in between. Since surveys of the North region do not cover rural areas, mortality for this region may be underestimated. CONCLUSIONS: A first priority for the further reduction in infant mortality in Brazil is to improve equality among regions, since the North and Northeast, and particularly rural areas, still show very high death rates. Further reductions in infant mortality will largely depend on decreasing deaths due to perinatal causes. Improvements in the coverage and particularly in the quality of antenatal and delivery care are urgently needed. Another intervention with a potential important impact on infant mortality is the promotion of family planning. Improving birth weight might lead to an 8% reduction in infant mortality but the efficacy of available interventions is low.

Polish literature has been present in China since 1906. The first Polish literary text translated into Chinese was Latarnik (The Lighthouse Keeper) by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Contemporary fans of Polish novella and novel were reading indirect translations since the Chinese novelists, who did not speak Polish, usually based their translations on the Japanese versions. In my years of contact with Chinese culture and literature, I have never come across any mention of translations of Polish or Eastern European children’s literature. Once I started my research into this subject, I quickly learned what caused the lack of information on it. It turned out that it was quite difficult to find any credible information on what has been translated, in what volume it was published and what the reactions of young readers were.As a result, this article is merely an introduction to the research on Polish children’s literature in People’s Republic of China and focuses almost exclusively on latest publications, i.e. released in the twenty-first century. To a significant extent, it is based on data collected from people actively participating in promoting Polish culture in China via email. I received a lot of valuable data from Wojciech Widłak – one of the authors whose children’s books were published in China. The article is practically a short catalogue of books published on the Chinese market, but it also presents the few reviews I have managed to find in Chinese sources. There is also a presentation of the translators and it is worth noting that Polish children’s literature has been taken care of by the best among those studying Polish literature in China. I hope that this article will be the first of many on the position, popularity and reception of Polish children’s literature in China.

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to find out the specifics of the perception of the LGBTQ(IA+) community in books for Ukrainian adolescents.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>A survey was used to identify the respondents’ opinions on the topic. A number of assumptions were made. In particular: 1) such literature will be more interesting to young people; 2) respondents will believe that this topic should be presented in teenage literature because the world in general and Ukrainian society in particular are multifaceted and diverse, so it is normal to hear all voices; 3) realistic prose and genre publications will compete for readers’ attention; 4) such books will be in demand if they are primarily about an interesting story. Accordingly, our task was to verify these assumptions. Based on this, we created a questionnaire of 7 questions: 2 open-ended questions and 5 with possible answers (+ «other» option). The «Teenage Books on an Important Topic» survey was conducted on November 10–13, 2023, using the snowball method with the help of Google Forms. A total of 145 respondents were interviewed. To process the information received, the following methods of generalization and analysis of information were used: systematization, grouping, qualitative (text analysis, classification) and quantitative (digital data) methods of data interpretation. The results are presented as a detailed verbal description. </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> It was found that the vast majority of respondents are young people living in large cities. 96.6% of respondents believe that the topic of the LGBTQ(IA+) community <strong>should be</strong> represented (including a balanced representation) in Ukrainian teen literature. 3.4% of respondents believe that it <strong>should not be</strong> represented. According to the key messages, the following groups can be distinguished from the category «<strong>should be</strong> represented» because it: 1: 1) promotes awareness of adolescents about the topic of the queer community, overcoming prejudice and stigma; 2) helps to understand that the orientation of people who are part of the queer community is a variant of the norm, and it is the norm that should be accepted by all members of society; 3) promotes the development of a culture of tolerance, gender equality, self-awareness, and self-acceptance by any member of society; 4) promotes cultural identification and representation of adolescents belonging to the queer community; 5) makes it clear that literature should cover all aspects of life; 6) is a reality for many adolescents; 7) because the niche needs to be filled. The arguments that the topic «<strong>should not be</strong> represented» include personal rejection; stereotypical understanding of the «usefulness of literature/art»; misunderstanding of the role of cultural identification; and the traditional accusation of the threat to the institution of the «traditional» family.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Only 55 respondents were able to name certain works from this segment by 27 foreign and 8 Ukrainian authors, and there is no distinction between books by age categories. On the Ukrainian book market, publications on the topic are represented by two genres: science fiction and fantasy and realistic prose. Annotations to publications containing elements of queer culture rarely mention this. Indirect and disguised/metaphorical/allusive references dominate.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Almost all respondents are ready to buy books that cover the topic of queer culture, among other topics. However, 4% of respondents would not buy or read such books under any circumstances. Thus, the results confirm all our assumptions.</em><em></em></p><p><em>It should also be noted that the Ukrainian book market is dominated by translated editions. In addition, we can assume that for Ukrainian authors and publishers (in order to avoid being judged), the best way to present the topic of the LGBTQ(IA+) community in books for Ukrainian adolescents would be to present it through well-written and published interesting/important stories in which characters belonging to the queer community act on an equal basis with all other characters and this is justified and is the norm.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty. </em></strong><em>This is the first niche audience study of the perception of the specifics of the representation of the LGBTQ(IA+) community in books for Ukrainian adolescents.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Practical importance.</em></strong><em> The obtained results can be used in the process of forming publishing portfolios of Ukrainian publishing houses; promoting reading; teaching disciplines related to teenage literature, in particular, the author will include the data obtained in the content of the author’s course «Fiction Text from A to Z» and the module «Teenage Literature» for students majoring in 061 «Journalism» (curriculum «Publishing and Media Editing», «Media Production», «Journalism and Social Communication», «Advertising and Public Relations»).</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> LGBTQ(IA+), queer community, queer history, queer culture, reading, teenage literature.</em></p>

From a sociopedagogical perspective, literacy development in preschool is conceptualized as a social phenomenon. Sociopedagogical models emphasize the connection between family and school processes to foster children’s literacy competences and parental involvement. Although contemporary models regarding parental involvement reflect its multidimensional and multilevel nature, research focusing on early literacy mainly addresses certain parenting practices, especially at home, and their association with a few literacy skills. Based on Bronfenbrenner’s bioecosystemic theory, Epstein’s model of overlapping spheres of influence and the typology of parental involvement as well as Rohde’s Comprehensive Emergent Literacy Model, the present study investigates how different dimensions and components of parental involvement interact to affect young children’s literacy competences. We investigate the complex relationships among all dimensions of parental involvement and their association with children’s literacy outcomes. Additionally, we explore the role of several contextual factors (children’s age, parental education, urbanity, number of children’s books) in these associations. Parents of 214 typically developing children aged 4–6 years filled in four parent-report scales developed and validated for measuring the different dimensions of parental involvement and children’s literacy competences. Results illustrate how multilevel parental practices mediate the effect of literacy-related parental perceptions and family–school relationships on children’s literacy competences. Among the contextual factors, only maternal education was found to have a robust, albeit indirect, effect on literacy outcomes. Implications about the school’s role and strategic planning in promoting literacy-focused parental involvement are discussed.

Women constitute a significant section of society and have proven their talents in every field of life but still they are not getting equal treatment compared to their male counterparts. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have proved to be a boon for their social, economic and political environment. The genesis of SHG in India can be traced back to formation of Self-Employed women’s Association (SEWA) in the year 1970. After that, the SHG Bank Linkage Project launched by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development in the year 1992 further blossomed this World’s largest micro-finance project. The SHG functions on Panchsutra i.e., five principles viz. regular meeting, regular saving, regular inter-lending, regular repayment and regular maintenance of books/records. Presently there are three types of models of SHGs in India. In Model-I, SHGs are formed and financed by the banks, in Model-II, SHGs are formed by the Non-Government Organizations (NGO) and formal agencies but financed indirectly by the banks where as in Model-III, SHGs are financed by the banks using NGO’s as financial intermediaries. There are four types of Self-Help Groups namely Women Self-Help Group, Youth Self Help Group, Disabled Self-Help Group and Tribal Self-Help Group with respective age limit of their members as 18-60, 18-35, up to 60 and 18-60 years. Five main stages are involved in the development of SHGs namely, pre-formation (1-2 months), formation (3-6 months), stabilization phase-i (7-12 months), stabilization phase-ii (13-18 months) and finally growth and expansion stage (19 months and above). Self-Help Group gives the members a platform where they can freely exchange their ideas, thoughts and social or economic problems, makes them self-reliant/self-dependent and improves the socioeconomic status of the group members. Various public and private institutions/organizations such as Rashtriya Mahila Kosh, Working Women Association, Bhartiya Mahila Bank etc. are engaged in further promoting and strengthening Self-Help Groups in the country. These SHGs are playing a pivotal role not only in the rural women’s empowerment but also in transfer of technologies particularly to the vulnerable and down trodden section of our society.

Climate change and deforestation education play a crucial role in raising awareness of environmental issues, fostering eco-literacy, promoting environmental responsibility, and enabling young minds to take action. It has a broader scope across the globe, and many research studies have been carried out worldwide to provide awareness of environment-related consequences. Textbooks are the primary sources of information for students. How these topics are presented can significantly influence their understanding and awareness of climate change and deforestation. The discourse in textbooks can shape public opinion on these issues, impacting policy discussions and societal actions. For this purpose, the study was conducted to analyze climate change and deforestation. This research methodology was qualitative, and the content analysis method was used for this study. The data was collected through document analysis and criterion sampling and one book of social studies Sindh textbook for grade 8th has been used as a sample size for this research. Thematic analysis was used, where coded data was analyzed thematically to identify recurring themes, topics, patterns, and points related to environmental education discourses within the textbook. The findings revealed that the textbook highlights the influence of climate change and deforestation on human health, migration patterns, and economic activities. It is recommended that the state take immediate measures to protect the environment from all forms of pollution and practices that directly or indirectly impact global climate. Social studies textbooks should include Projects and activities that foster hands-on and problem-solving skills to prepare students for natural disasters.

Historically, male leadership has been more dominant than female leadership. But today, women cannot always be seen as side workers, they are able to make their own choices, especially in business. The role of women sensitive to micro-enterprises in the Indonesian economy is gradually becoming the "gatekeeper" of the people's economy. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, this analysis will describe the results of the research based on the findings in the field and then given interpretation and conclusions. The initial stage is grouping the data, and then analyzing it in a qualitative descriptive manner. So that it can produce a scientific understanding and definition to get a systematic picture.There are many great women who become leaders. This research shows that women's leadership styles are more inclined to Transformational Feminism, which is more charismatic and democratic, Efforts to build emotional attachment with employees and patterns of conflict resolution in a familial way, can indirectly make it easier for women to find a win-win solution. In business development there are two strategies applied to Bedpackers Hostel Malang, namely offline and online, such as collaborating with other companies in promoting the Hostel. Meanwhile, in online development, namely through collaboration with Reddoorz, through the website, through Facebook, Instagram. The business development strategy apart from online media to maximize profits Badpackers Hostel Malang also offers various facilities such as Netflix vouchers, promos for guests who book more than three days to one month, dinner in collaboration with restaurants, laundry and online taxis so that they can make customers feel comfortable. hotel guests feel more comfortable.

Officially, the Serbian Orthodox Church enjoyed a legally guaranteed status throughout the 19th century and Orthodox faith was considered to be prevalent both in the Principality of Serbia and in the Kingdom of Serbia. Nevertheless, after gaining its autonomy within the Constantinople Patriarchate in 1831 (under whose forced jurisdiction it had been since 1766), Knez Milos?s attitude and a number of state provisions led to the unsparing diminishing of the Church authority together with frequent subversions of the Church Canon law. Introduction of the constitutional and legislative framework for the activities of the Serbian church, the enforcement of institutionalized mechanisms of control, and above all, direct interference of the State authorities in the elections of Church hierarchs and their activities, marked relations of the Church and the State in the 19th century. ?Might makes right? rule was always on the State side. Investigations so far have least examined those provisions of the Government concerning general and theological education, in which church music also found its place. Presentation and analysis of the facts about the beginnings of organized music education go in favor of the existing findings on concurrencies and discrepancies in two cultural policies - that of the State and the one of the Church. Attitudes of the Sovereign and the Government towards the educational process, so vital during the decades of the State formation, are also indicative for affirmation of chanting practice and music art in general, as are (non-) conflicting interests between the prelates and distinguished public figures on one, and those in charge at the ministries on the other side. This paper presents all relevant government legislations regulating religious and music education at regular and theological schools. Attempts of the Church dignitaries and learned Serbian musicians to raise the level of music culture with the help of the State authorities are particularly emphasized. The emphasis was especially on the promotion of polyphonic church music and endeavors to print notated church chanting books. All relevant direct and indirect contributors to the expansion of church music are mentioned, among them especially music teachers at the Theological high school in Belgrade. Eventually, the paper points to those legal regulations which imposed on teachers certain duties related to everyday church services and reactions of the teachers to those regulations.

Objective: To investigate how the pandemic and the post-COVID-19 scenario may impact current and future plans in health (medical area), the environment, and the population's quality of life. Theoretical Framework: In 2019, the world began to live as a hostage to an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As uncertainty reigns, the severity of the situation has shown that it could have social, health, educational, economic, and environmental aspects. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic review based on books, cataloged scientific articles being published on digital platforms including Scientific Library Online (SciELO), Pubmed, Periódico Capes, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: COVID-19; quality of life; environment; health; and their respective synonyms, in Portuguese and English, published between 2015 and 2024. The exclusion criteria used in this study were duplicate articles in more than one database, with similar titles and that did not cover the topic, as well as articles published before 2015 in Portuguese and English. The main aspects analyzed for inclusion were the year of publication, type of study, language, objectives and main findings, according to the relevance of the original and current topic. Therefore, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we made a cut of works published in the last 9 years and in the end 31 works were selected for the construction of this study. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that all social spheres were, and may still be, affected unequally by the pandemic, since it is a situation of unknown nature, which is intensified every day by globalization and social inequalities. Direct impacts on the economy and jobs, as well as indirect effects of learning losses among children who are out of school. In terms of health and the impact on quality of life, we found changes in mental health, with an increase in the diagnosis of depression among adults. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the fields of health, environment and education. These implications can cover areas of health promotion, economics and public and private management. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a current topic with extreme social relevance that prioritizes deepening knowledge in the area that has changed humanity the most in current times: the COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, it analyzes the real impacts of this historical and unique moment in the global context, with a greater focus on health, the environment and the quality of life of the human population.

Objective: To investigate how the pandemic and the post-COVID-19 scenario may impact current and future plans in health (medical area), the environment, and the population's quality of life. Theoretical Framework: In 2019, the world began to live as a hostage to an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As uncertainty reigns, the severity of the situation has shown that it could have social, health, educational, economic, and environmental aspects. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic review based on books, cataloged scientific articles being published on digital platforms including Scientific Library Online (SciELO), Pubmed, Periódico Capes, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: COVID-19; quality of life; environment; health; and their respective synonyms, in Portuguese and English, published between 2015 and 2024. The exclusion criteria used in this study were duplicate articles in more than one database, with similar titles and that did not cover the topic, as well as articles published before 2015 in Portuguese and English. The main aspects analyzed for inclusion were the year of publication, type of study, language, objectives and main findings, according to the relevance of the original and current topic. Therefore, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we made a cut of works published in the last 9 years and in the end 31 works were selected for the construction of this study. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that all social spheres were, and may still be, affected unequally by the pandemic, since it is a situation of unknown nature, which is intensified every day by globalization and social inequalities. Direct impacts on the economy and jobs, as well as indirect effects of learning losses among children who are out of school. In terms of health and the impact on quality of life, we found changes in mental health, with an increase in the diagnosis of depression among adults. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the fields of health, environment and education. These implications can cover areas of health promotion, economics and public and private management. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a current topic with extreme social relevance that prioritizes deepening knowledge in the area that has changed humanity the most in current times: the COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, it analyzes the real impacts of this historical and unique moment in the global context, with a greater focus on health, the environment and the quality of life of the human population.

Purpose: This paper takes an incisive examination of economic development with specific focus on some of the problems confronting the involvement of rural women in development activities in Ikenne Local Government.
 Methodology: The paper addresses this issue through qualitative methodologies by relying heavily on Primary and Secondary Sources of data collection consisting of oral Interviews with selected rural women in the Local Government. Relevant Text books, Journals, and Internet Sources were consulted to corroborate evidences from the findings.
 Findings: Although women have served as critical agents of rural economic transformation, such roles has been limited by illiteracy, lack of adequate finance, lack of processing and storage facilities, unsteady power supply, poverty. Their impacts have been felt indirectly in subsistent agriculture, and directly at the domestic domain. The role of women in the economic development of Ikenne Local Government Area in Ogun State cannot be overemphasized. This is because, there is basically no aspect of economic development in Ogun State that rural women would not be found. Generally, Ikenne rural women are majorly involved in agricultural activities such as planting, weeding, harvesting, processing and marketing. They also keep some domestic animals and birds. Rural women’s limited access to productive resources, low educational level and illiteracy are contributors to rural women’s poverty. The study discovered that Illiteracy affects extent to which benefits can be accrued from newer, non-traditional methods such as: information and communication technologies.
 Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The research therefore recommended that rural women in Ikenne local government should be exposed to various economic platforms for knowledge mobilization, innovation, and partnerships for sourcing funds to carry out their economic activities. The work concluded that promotion of agricultural development should be through the provision of useful and relevant information to the farming communities by the extension services. There are many constraints making rural women farmers to be lagging behind economically, apart from lack of agricultural information. Further main constraints such as the lack of personal land and credit should be enhanced to suit the necessity of the rural women. Rural women are limited in terms of their potential in contributing to agricultural and socio-economic development.

Libraries over the years have developed best practices for planning, organising, promoting and evaluating exhibitions. Many are based on practices in museums. These best practices have been written into policies and shared with libraries worldwide. However, just as there has been an acknowledgement that some museum practices must be modified to suit the needs of libraries, the same applies to exhibition best practices across countries and libraries with different budgets. Small island developing states are particularly challenged by, among other things, limited resources, high cost of transportation and energy and vulnerability to natural disasters, which can have a direct or indirect impact on libraries and their ability to carry out functions like curating exhibitions. The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Library, located on the island of Jamaica and founded in 1948, has a long tradition of curating exhibitions. Planning and executing physical exhibitions at The UWI are guided by Library-adapted policies and guides, recently formalised in an exhibition policy. A review of some of the exhibitions curated by The UWI Mona show that the physical exhibits are, for the most part, executed in keeping with international best practices, but the Library has had to make adjustments primarily because of financial challenges. These financial challenges affect the availability of resources for exhibits, exhibition space, dedicated exhibition staff, how special collections items are used and the magnitude of exhibitions mounted. Exhibition reports, annual reports, photographs and visitor comments books reveal that the Library attempts to follow best practices with regards to planning, designing, executing and evaluating physical exhibitions. On the other hand, the Library is in the early stages of converting its physical exhibitions to digital formats but may have to establish more formal guidelines to ensure that online exhibitions are planned, designed and evaluated in keeping with international best practices to be successful. Successful exhibitions not only satisfy Library organisers and ‘edutain’ users but also build a good reputation for the Library and lead to further collaboration with faculty and benefit students, administrators and sometimes the general public. These practices at The UWI that are guided by policies can serve as an example to other institutions with small budgets on how to successfully plan and deliver physical exhibitions and build relationships with faculty and the wider community. The Library would need to ensure that formal guidelines and practices are followed for online exhibitions to be as effective and successful.

The relevance of local governments is frequently defended based on municipalities’ novel contribution towards the promotion of democratisation and also the intensification of community participation in decision-making due to its close proximity to its citizens. However, the departing premise hereto is also that the realisation of a democratic and accountable government likewise depends on the degree of functionality of every municipal council. Volatility in governance structures like councils can therefore adversely compromise democratic and accountable governance, for example in cases of hung councils. In recent years, local coalition governments have been seen more frequently, partly due to the number of hang councils in South Africa. This can indirectly be attributed to the decline of support of the current ruling party in the Republic and, equally, the inability of other parties to obtain a clear majority during local government elections (Netswera & Khumalo 2022:1). This article investigates the effectiveness of national and provincial mechanisms strengthening an accountable and democratic local government Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others matter. Through the doctrinal legal research, the authors used an analysis of primary sources on South African local government legislation and the impact the Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others; All Tshwane Councillors who are Members of the Economic Freedom Fighters and Another v Democratic Alliance and Others; African National Congress v Democratic Alliance and Others (CCT 82/20; CCT 91/20) [2021] ZACC 34; 2021 (12) BCLR 1406 (CC); 2022 (1) SA 16 (CC) (4 October 2021) case have on hung councils. The research benefitted from secondary sources such as research reports, publications, journal articles and books. It follows that successful coalition councils are founded on the principles of cooperation and trust. Therefore, interventions as solitary intergovernmental mechanisms cannot remedy accountability and governance failures in municipalities, caused by coalition fallouts. Still, when a break between coalition partners ensues, accountable governance suffers because of the resulting volatility caused by the political standoff. The intergovernmental governance mechanisms, in isolation, are ineffective in sustaining and ensuring an accountable and democratic local government. Whereas, coalitions governments are the primary cause of volatility and dysfunctionality in municipalities, it remains the responsibility of coalitions to step up and execute their constitutional obligations as responsible executive actors in the local government area, to ensure accountable governance. In the absence thereof, coalitions must be held liable for the failure to execute their constitutional responsibilities

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the private school of Yeonak, the meeting to compose poetry of Yeonak, and the Nine rolling Valley of Yeonak in Sangju. The contents are summarized as follows.
 In 1552, Yeongcheon Shinjam was appointed as the pastor of Sangju and built 18 village schools, including Jicheon village school. When this village school was burnt down during the Japanese Invasion. In 1702 this private school was built in honor of the local Confucian scholars and enshrined their mortuary tablets. This private school is the Yeonak private school.
 This is a collection of poems left by 15 scholars at the meeting to compose poetry in Yeonak for 5 days and 4 nights from May 25, 1622.
 This book is the first joint poetry collection from Sangsan. From the middle of the 16th century to the first half of the 17th century, the scholars of Sangju held a literary meeting, greatly promoting the culture of Sangju at the time.
 The Nine rolling Valley of Yeonak is a a grove of nine rolling valley that was established and managed in Jicheon-dong, Sangju-si by Namgye Kang Eung-cheol (1562-1635). It can be concluded that the period when the name the Nine rolling Valley of Yeonak was given was from 1598 to 1608.
 T he p oems a bout the nine rolling Valley of Yeonak directly and indirectly reveal that they combine their academics and customs with the beautiful scenery of nature. I thought that scholars who studied did not only study, but also enjoyed nature while perfecting it. The Nine rolling Valley of Yeonak was located where Yeonak private school was located, so it was very suitable for both.
 Since the middle of the 16th century, many scholars who combine both studies and literature have been produced around this place, Cheongri, Sangju, and Jicheon. From the 16th century, studies and literature developed around this area can be found for the following reasons. Firstly, at this time, there was a great management of the village in this area and a lot of talented people were produced. Secondly, it w as t he c enter of l earning at t hat time. T hirdly, it w as a h istorical place. Fourthly, this place is an important transportation hub. For these reasons, from the 16th century, talented people were produced centered on this Yeonak, and scholarship and literature were inevitably developed.

Today, homogeneous family structures are increasingly being replaced by heterogeneous family structures formed by individuals from different beliefs, understandings, or cultures. One of such heterogeneous marriages in Turkey is Alevi - Sunni marriages, which are more common with the urbanization process. Although it is possible to say that Alevis and Sunnis who have married share common beliefs in many respects, it is also a fact that they have some religious understanding and cultural differences. It is necessary to investigate the effects of these differences on the religious development and education of the children born from these marriages. In this study, which was prepared as a master’s thesis at the Social Sciences Institute of Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2013, parental views on children’s religious education in such marriages were examined. The research aims to examine the views/attitudes of parents regarding the religious education of children born in such marriages. The research was structured in the phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 32 spouses from 21 families residing in Malatya who had this type of marriage. The content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Some of the important results of the research are as follows: While some of the interviewed couples consider religious education necessary with a holistic approach, emphasizing the belief, worship, and moral aspects of religion, others consider religious education necessary by considering only the moral dimension of religion. The majority of the interviewed spouses want their children to receive religious education so that they have the right knowledge about religion. Parents or experts are usually specified as to who should provide religious education. It is understood that the interviewed spouses did not talk to each other about the religious education of their children before they got married. The majority of the interviewed spouses consider themselves sufficient to answer questions about the religion their children lead. In the majority of the family environment of interviewed spouses, religious activities such as visiting to mosque or cemevi, attending to any religious rituals, and promoting reading religious books are not enough. It is understood that there is no any denominational pressure on children, and the wishes of the child to acquire religious knowledge are not turned down in the majority of family environments. Since children who grow up in such families may be directly or indirectly affected by different sectarian cultures, it would be beneficial to provide support to the candidates who will get married before marriage and their immediate environment to raise awareness about this situation.


 
 
 Various self-regulated learning (SRL) problems often occur in early childhood during the transition from pre-school to elementary school. The ability to self-regulated learning is im- portant for school readiness and success throughout life, requiring the ability of parents to encourage the development of these abilities. The purpose of this study is to develop childcare strategies on self-regulation, such as children's ability to regulate metacognition, motivation and behavior to re- duce problems. Research produces certain products and tests their effectiveness. Respondents in- volved parents from 18 districts in 9 cities in the technique of data analysis using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed differences in the average scores of children's independ- ent learning both before and after parents learned and applied the contents of the manual book. The result of the effectiveness test is sig = 0,000 <α = 0.05. So, H0 is rejected, and the results of the chi- square test sig = 0,000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected. In conclusion, parenting strategies using manuals so that parents can improve competencies such as parents' knowledge, attitudes and skills, and prove effective in increasing children's independent learning.
 Keywords: Early Childhood, Parenting strategy, Self-regulated learning
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ON THE (DIVINE) ORIGIN OF OUR SPECIES by Darrel R. Falk. Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2023. 263 pages. Paperback; $36.00. ISBN: 9781666757019. *Did the evolution of Homo sapiens depend causally on divine activity? This is the daring question (!) which seasoned biologist, former president of BioLogos, and influential Christian scholar Darrel R. Falk explores in his most recent book. Arguing in favor of divine activity, Falk is careful to avoid both crudely interventionist and passively deistic frameworks. Instead, Falk seeks to honor and maintain the integrity and consistency of the created order (the regularity of its laws and processes) as well as a traditional Christian view of God's providence in which God is personally present and active within the cosmos, intimately related to his creatures and promoting their flourishing. *Falk's proposal focuses specifically on the unique quality of the social nature of human beings. Grounded biologically and emerging from a complex evolutionary history, which Falk narrates in fascinating detail, this unique relational nature enables human awareness of other minds (i.e., they can recognize, envision, and empathize with the consciousness, thoughts, intentions, and motivations of others) and grants them unparalleled capacities for communication and cooperation toward common goals. It also enables the kind of spiritual awareness that makes possible a relationship with the divine Spirit. *Falk continually draws his scientific narrative into creative dialogue with the Christian story, pointing out deep resonances and specific points of connection along the way. Christian scripture and tradition bear witness to a God whose fundamental nature is Love. This God lovingly and non-coercively draws and encourages his human creatures toward the qualities and dispositions of the divine Spirit (e.g., love, joy, peace, patience, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control). God has been doing this from the beginning, before early hominins had any conscious awareness of spiritual things. Such qualities and dispositions would have had a beneficial effect on the flourishing of human communities and the survival success of their offspring (at least amongst those individuals and communities responding to the divine initiative; Falk concedes that many would not respond to the divine). In turn, offspring formed in this way would receive encouragement from their communities to seek the divine. It is then in this nuanced sense that human evolution unfolded within the broader context of a divine-human partnership. *It's important to note that Falk's love-response narrative offers theological perspective and meaning particularly to one central feature of human evolution: the emergence of the cooperative (and relational) human mindset. It is not centrally focused on questions related to theodicy or to the evil that pervades human history. Aggression and violence within creation are assumed; what Falk finds interesting is how and why human beings can rise above evil and embrace love and virtue. This said, Falk devotes much of chapter 6 to questions related to theodicy and to human evil and suffering. *At first glance, it might be tempting to charge Falk with identifying a gap in scientific knowledge (i.e., of human consciousness, relationality, agency, and love) and then smuggling God into that gap. But Falk is not seeking to present God as a substitute for scientific explanation; rather, he offers sustained theological reflection on the findings of mainstream science (i.e., paleoanthropology, archaeology, genetics, biology, and psychology/social psychology), thus providing an additional, compatible yet also more comprehensive level of description. As he puts it, "The task of Christian scholars is to build a bridge from what science has discovered so that those findings can be placed within the context of the broader reality revealed through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus" (p. 121). *Chapter 1 puts forth a basic theoretical framework for the interdisciplinary discussion that follows, treating topics such as the nature and limits of science (including a critique of scientism), the philosophical coherence and rationality of theism, and the reasonableness of central Christian beliefs. Falk leans on leading biblical, historical, and philosophical scholars to discuss the soundness of "the God hypothesis" (Keith Ward), the resurrection (N. T. Wright) and divine identity of Jesus (Larry Hurtado), and the reliability of the gospels (Richard Baukham). *Chapter 2 focuses on the evolution of the genus Homo, from the first known appearance of hominins (fossils date to 6 million years ago) to the appearance (2.8 mya) and then predominance (1.9 mya) of Homo. A crucial part of this story is how a duplicated copy of what Falk calls "Gene3" (ARHGAP11a), taking place 5.2 mya, enabled larger brain sizes and increased sensitivity to the minds of others. (Falk notes that all humans and Neanderthals, but not the great apes, possessed this duplicated gene.) *Chapter 3 outlines the evolution of our species Homo sapiens, with particular attention given to recent studies identifying specific qualities that enabled sapiens to outlive and replace all other Homo species, namely friendliness, joint intentionality, and a cooperative mindset and behavior. Theologically, Falk notes that such beings would be increasingly equipped to interact with a divine Being whose nature is Love. He suggests a helpful analogy: just as child development is linked with an increasing awareness of the minds and needs of others, as well as an emerging capacity for spiritual awareness, so our species likely developed in parallel fashion as it evolved and matured. Falk then speculates that an emerging spiritual consciousness within early human communities (specifically of the triune God who is Love, though not necessarily known by name) would likely have had a favorable result, by encouraging (selecting) the aforementioned qualities. Given the phenomenon known as the "Baldwin effect," in which learned behavior and culture (e.g., use of tools, technology, etc.) can have evolutionary effects, Falk writes, "If the cohesiveness of a well-functioning community was tightened because members were responding more sensitively to God's presence urging them towards goodness and love, it seems reasonable that such increased cohesiveness would alter the dynamic of the evolutionary process" (p. 90). *Chapter 4 wrestles with the negative psychological implications of the emerging theory of mind amongst early Homo sapiens. While this enabled an empathic and cooperative mindset, it would also bring about an acute self-awareness of mortality and suffering. Contrary to Varki and Brower's suggestion that this awareness gave rise to a propensity for what they call "reality denial" (i.e., spirituality and religion), Falk offers the theological suggestion that "humans were able to thrive as they developed a full theory of mind despite becoming aware of their own mortality, ... [because] they were also becoming cognizant of the existence of the eternal" (p. 120). Neither interpretive option is simply a deduction from "the facts"; each makes inferences in light of prior philosophical presuppositions held on other grounds. *Chapter 5 further explores the cooperative mindset, likening its emergence to what we know about the domestication of animals from experimental research. Falk draws parallels between the various physical, cognitive, and psychological changes that occur in animal domestication, and similar changes that occurred in human evolution. While he admits that the parallels are not perfect, the comparison is nevertheless suggestive: "What is clear is that the sapiens genetic makeup has undergone a dramatic set of changes [similar to domestication] that have led to vastly improved communication skills and cooperation," as well as to decreased aggressive and destructive traits and behaviors (p. 152). *In the final two chapters, Falk turns his attention more fully to theological concerns, addressing questions and challenges related to divine providence in chapter 6 (including questions related to theodicy and to the pervasiveness of human evil and suffering throughout history) and sketching out a biblical-theological narrative of creation to eschaton in chapter 7. Falk's theological reflections in these chapters are compelling and thought provoking. A minor point of criticism is that Falk's comments on the need for an original community of goodness and harmony (see pp. 226-32) are less compelling and seem to be based more on theological assumptions (i.e., a historical creation-fall-redemption paradigm) than the kind of robust evidence supporting the rest of the book's scientific and theological claims. The Old Testament (OT) itself does not draw the inferences and conclusions that later theological thinkers made about "creation and fall." Such theologizing traces back (indirectly, via Augustine and other patristic writers) to the Apostle Paul. In turn, Paul reads the Genesis creation texts, not simply directly, but rather through the interpretive concerns, questions, and assumptions of Second Temple Writings (such as 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra, which, unlike the OT, do draw creative theological conclusions from the Adam and Eve story in Genesis)--writings which Paul engages selectively. This complicates attempts to align modern scientific accounts of human origins with a historical reading of the Genesis creation narratives. *Overall, Falk's proposal is fascinating and illuminating, both scientifically and theologically. His thesis is convincing and important: it is fair and balanced, engages reliable scholarship, demonstrates nuanced interdisciplinary integration, and paints a compelling and even beautiful picture of the origins and emergence of the wondrous beings God created in his image. The book is well researched and deeply learned, valuable to students in both science and theology, yet accessible to a wider, thoughtful readership. I commend it enthusiastically and hope it stimulates much reflection and discussion. *Reviewed by Patrick S. Franklin, Associate Professor of Theology at Tyndale Seminary, Toronto, ON.

Early childhood emotional dysregulation is critical in recognizing and preventing psychological well-being disorders, laying the groundwork for developing healthy emotional behaviors early on. This study aims to determine the direct influence of smartphone addiction, executive function, and the mother-child relationship on emotional dysregulation in early childhood in West Sumatra. This research method is a quantitative survey. The data collection technique in this research uses a questionnaire design on 309 parents who were selected using a simple random sampling method. This data processing tool uses the SmartPLS software. The results of the study indicate that smartphone addiction has a significant impact on emotional dysregulation in early childhood, executive function has a positive and significant effect on emotional dysregulation in early childhood, and the mother-child relationship has a positive and significant influence on emotional dysregulation in early childhood. The findings of this research can offer valuable insights into improving the understanding of the factors that influence emotional dysregulation in early childhood and intervention strategies to address the issues that arise as a result.
 Keywords: smartphone addiction, executive function, mother-child relationship, emotional dysregulation, early childhood
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Background and Aims: Dukan diet, a popular diet with high content of protein and carbohydrate and fat restriction has been widely used for weight loss. We aimed to compare the effects of the Dukan diet with traditional low-calorie diet in nutritional, laboratory and vascular parameters in obese subjects. Methods and Results: Obese subjects classes I or II of both genders, aging 19 to 65 years were allocated into two groups: Traditional low-calorie diet (n=17) and Dukan Diet (n=17). Anthropometric, laboratory and vascular evaluations were performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectric impedance and endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, at same times. After 12 months, it was verified that Dukan diet was more effective (p<0.05) than traditional diet for: weight loss (-10.6 vs -2.9 kg), body mass index (-3.7 vs -1.1 kg/m2), waist circumference (-11.2 vs -2.1 cm), fat (-5.7 vs -2.0 kg) and lean mass (-4.8 vs 0.8 kg) and basal metabolic rate (-152 vs -28 cal). In Dukan diet group, improvement (p<0.05 vs baseline) was observed in triglyceride levels (172.40 to 111.90 mg/dL) and insulin resistance, based on HOMA-IR index (4.98 to 3.26). The glomerular filtration rate decreased in this group after 3 months (132.50 to 113.80 mL/min) and no changes in flow-mediated dilation were observed throughout the study with both diets. Conclusion: Dukan diet was more effective than traditional diet for weight loss and laboratory parameters and without changes in endothelial function, in the 12-months follow-up of obese subjects.
 Introduction Low-carbohydrate diets have been one of the most recently used dietary therapies in patients with diabetes and obesity in clinical studies(1). Among them, in addition to carbohydrate restriction, fat restriction and high protein concentration, as in the Diet Dukan, has been widely used by the general population, aiming at weight loss. The Dukan diet is designed to reduce carbohydrate and fat intake in the first phase of the diet, with exclusive intake of protein, followed by another Three phases, with progressive and slow reintroduction of other nutrients such as fiber, carbohydrates and fats.
 In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the effectiveness of very low carbohydrate diets, called ketogenic diets, in the effectiveness of weight loss in order to combat obesity and cardiovascular disease risk(2). In this diet, ketone bodies are formed and they are used as an alternative energy source in the absence of glucose. Ketogenic diet promotes weight loss reducing appetite, increasing satiety and thermogenesis, due to the high protein consumption(3) affect hormones that control appetite, such as ghrelin and leptin(4) reduces lipogenesis and increases lipolysis(5,6) and gluconeogenesis(7).
 Replacing carbohydrates by proteins in the diet have been the aim of several studies but with inconsistent results. High protein intake has positive effects on weight loss, acting on satiety, body composition, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it increases thermogenesis, energy expenditure(8) and the elevation in the amino acid level in the plasma acts on the satiety center, decreasing appetite, since amino acids also stimulate insulin secretion resulting in decreased or maintained blood glucose levels(9).
 Few studies have been published with Dukan diet. Freeman et al. were the first to publish an article with the Dukan Diet in 2014, describing adverse effects in one patient undergoing this diet(10). Nouvenne et al. reviewed studies about the influence of popular diets on kidney stone formation risk. In this article, the authors suggest that in the Dukan diet, due to the high consumption of animal protein, urinary calcium can increase and the citrate urinary excretion can decrease, increasing the risk of kidney stone formation(11). In 2015, Wyka et al. evaluated dietary consumption in women adopting the Dukan-diet, based on the menu consumed in each of 4 phases of diet. They observed weight loss of around 15 kg after 8 to 10 weeks of diet and higher intake of proteins, mainly of animal origin, high consumption of potassium, iron and vitamins A, D and B2 and reduced consumption of carbohydrates, vitamin C and folates. They suggest that this diet may be harmful to health if adopted for a long time, developing of kidney and liver disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease(12).
 Considering that the Dukan Diet is widely disseminated and it is used by the population in general for weight loss and few scientific studies are found in the literature, we propose to evaluate the nutritional, laboratory parameters related to cardiovascular disease, comparing this diet with traditional hypocaloric diet in obese individuals.
 Methods
 Study design
 This study was a clinical trial with nutritional intervention, for one year. Patients were recruited from the Lipids, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Division of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). The study conforms to the ethical guidelines and approval was obtained from the ethics committee and it was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. All participants provided written informed consent and received no monetary incentive. A total of 40 subjects were initially recruited and the participants were followed up clinically by a cardiologist and nutritionist during the 12-month period with monthly visits. Of the 40 participants who started the study, 34 completed the 12-month follow-up, whose data are presented in this study. The inclusion criteria were: both genders, aging 19-65 years old, obesity grade I or II (body mass index between 30 kg/m² and 39.9 kg/m²), stable body weight in the previous 3 months and desire to lose weight. The main exclusion criteria were: patients in primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels greater than 190 mg/dL and triglycerides greater than 400 mg/dL; diabetes mellitus; untreated hypothyroidism; psychiatric and hepatic disease; chronic renal failure; cardiac and respiratory insufficiency; systemic infections; use of antidepressants, corticoids, diuretics and diabetes medications; bariatric surgery, cancer and failure to accept the conditions necessary to conduct the research. Two groups were constituted: Traditional low-calorie diet (TD): n=17, 14 females and 3 males, 45±11 years old, 90±11 Kg body weight and body mass index (BMI) 34±2Kg/m2; High protein/Low carbohydrate diet-Dukan Diet (DD): n=17, 10 females and 7 males, 38±11 years old, 95±9 Kg of body weight and BMI 34±2 Kg/m2. The TD group received orientations according to the Food Guideline for the Brazilian Population, with 1 500–1 800 calories/day. They were stimulated to improve healthy eating habits increasing the consumption of natural foods without preservatives, such as vegetables and fruits rich in fiber and antioxidants. Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables at meals was recommended; carry out the fractionation of the meals throughout the day, avoiding prolonged fasting. Hydration and regular physical activity were recommended, according to healthier life habits(13). The DD group followed the high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet as proposed by Dukan Diet, available at https://www.dietadukan.com.br and received an illustrated book about this diet(14).
 This diet is structured in four phases: two for weight loss (1st and 2nd phases) and two for weight maintenance (3rd and 4th phases):
 1st stage - Attack: For 5 consecutive days, it is allowed to consume only proteins with lean meats, eggs, light cheese and milk, 1.5 tablespoons of oat bran per day and light physical activity for 20 minutes.
 2nd stage - Cruise: This phase is maintained until the desired weight loss. The vegetables are introduced alternating with the pure protein day (first stage). It is recommended 2 tablespoons of oat bran per day and light physical activity for 30 minutes.
 3rd phase - Consolidation: The time of this phase is equivalent to 10 days per kg of lost weight. In this stage carbohydrates and lipids are introduced by a controlled and moderate way, being divided in two parts: in the first part, corresponding to half of the period to be followed, is allowed: 1 fruit, 2 slices of bread (50 g) or 1 spoon of farinaceous per day and 1 gala dinner per week. In the second part, it is allowed 2 fruits, 4 slices of bread (100 g) or 2 spoons of farinaceous per day and 2 gala dinners per week. This phase has one rule: make one day of the week with pure protein (first stage) and it is recommended 2.5 tablespoons of oat bran per day and light physical activity for 35 minutes.
 4th phase - Stabilization: In this phase, three rules must to be followed: one day a week it should follow up the pure protein diet, the daily consumption of 3 tablespoons of oat bran and at least 40 minutes of daily walking. From this phase, the participants followed up the low calorie diet.
 The adherence of the participants was monitored by the interview with the nutritionist and qualitative evaluation of ketone bodies in the urine, using Labtest UriAction 10 reagent strips. At baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, the following evaluations were performed: nutritional assessment determining anthropometry, blood samples were collected for laboratory tests. Endothelial function was evaluated in fasting and 2-hours post prandial situations. In the periods between the predetermined visits, the participants were followed up by the nutritionist monthly and by telephone contact whenever requested and with medical attention whenever necessary.
 Nutritional evaluation
 Nutritional assessment was performed by anthropometric determinations of weight, height, BMI, abdominal circumference and bioelectric impedance (BIA). BIA was carried out using the Biodynamics Model 450 TBW® apparatus, with portable plethysmograph and patients were instructed according to the manufacturer's instruction(15).
 Laboratory parameters
 Peripheral blood samples were collected for dosages of total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glucoses, insulin, iron, ferritin, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Biochemical parameters were determined through the automated colorimetric enzymatic method in Cobas Mira® (Roche, Switzerland) and LDL-c was estimated by the Friedewald equation. Serum insulin concentration was determined by immunofluorometry and the insulin resistance calculated by the HOMA-IR – Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance, and values ≥ 2.5 values were considered as presence of insulin resistance(16). Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was estimated by the Cockroft-Gault equation adapted to obese patients(17).
 Endothelial function
 Endothelial function was assessed by Endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery(18), using an ultrasound system (Sonos5500; Hewlett-Packard-Phillips, Palo Alto, CA), equipped with vascular software for two-dimensional imaging, color and spectral Doppler ultrasound modes, internal electrocardiogram monitor and linear-array transducer with a frequency range from 7.5 to 12.0 MHz.
 FMD evaluation was performed in two stages: fasted at least 6 hours and 2 hours after the consumption of a small meal, according to each diet. These meals were consisted of 374.04 calories, 36g proteins, 16g carbohydrates and 18g lipids in the DD and in TD, it was composed by 361.20 calories, 24g of protein, 41g of carbohydrates and 11g of lipids.
 Statistical Analysis
 The variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The distribution of the date normality was analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirmov (KS) test. When they did not present normal distribution, a logarithm [log(Y)] transformation was performed prior to analysis. The comparison between the variables of two groups was performed using Student's t-test for independent numerical variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Comparisons between more than two groups were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, followed by the Tukey test, if differences were found. For the sample power calculation, the Statistical Software, Statistica Ultimate Academic, version 12.7, Concurrent Network was used. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered for statistical significance and analysis was performed using the software [GraphPadPrism 4.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA)].
 Results
 Participants’ characteristics
 At the beginning of the study, the groups were matched for age, gender, weight and BMI. At 3 months, all participants of DD group (100%) were in phase 2; at 6 months, 13 participants (76.4%) were in phase 3 and 4 (23.5%) in phase 2; and at 12 months, all (100%) were already in phase 4. The TD group followed the same recommendation during the 12 months. The qualitative evaluation of the presence of ketone bodies in the urine of the DD group participants, which were still in phase 2, was positive in 94% at 3rd month and 80% at the 6th month. The following adverse effects have been reported during the course of the study: weakness, fatigue, dizziness, lack of concentration, irritability, constipation, ketone breath and social life impairment. These symptoms were of low intensity and transient, especially in the early stages of the DD diet. These adverse effects were not causes for withdrawal from the study.
 Anthropometry
 The changes in body weight, BMI, waist abdominal circumference and BMR were more effective in DD than TD group during all follow-up evaluations. The changes after 12 months in relation to baseline of the anthropometric parameters in the DD and DT groups respectively were: Weight loss (-10.6 Kg, p<0.0001 and – 2.9 Kg, p<0.0001), BMI (-3.7 Kg/m2, p<0.0001 and -1.1 Kg/m2, p<0.0001), waist abdominal circumference (-11.2 cm, p<0.0001 and -2.1 cm, p=0.0008) and BMR (-152 cal, p<0.0001 and -28 cal, p=0.0198). After 12 months, the participants of DD group reached the overweight level but the TD group was still within the obesity range. Reductions were observed in both groups, in fat mass (-5.7 Kg, p<0.0001 and -2.0 Kg, p<0.0001), and in lean mass (-4.8 Kg, p<0.0001 and -0.8 Kg, p=0.0196, in DD and DT group, respectively).
 Laboratory parameters and endothelial function
 In TD group, there was only hematocrit reduction after 6 months (p=0.0103) and glucose level after 3 months (p=0.0021) compared to baseline. In DD group, laboratory alterations occurred in relation to hemoglobin, hematocrit, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR and GFR. It was observed an improvement in the triglycerides levels (172.40 ± 62.36 mg/dL and 111.90 ± 43.22 mg/dL, p=0.0001) and insulin resistance determined by HOMA-IR at all times of study (4.98 ± 3.03 and 3.26 ± 2.03, p=0.0008) at baseline and 12 months, respectively. GFR was reduced only after 3 months (132.50 ± 31.13 and 113.80 ± 24.25 mL/min, p=0.0063) in the DD group. No differences were observed in endothelial function in the two study groups, in both fasting and postprandial.
 Discussion
 This study demonstrated higher weight loss in the Dukan diet group, compared to the traditional low calorie diet. The effect of weight loss in the DD group was persistent and remained until 6th month, but in 12 months it was observed a gain around 3.41 ± 0.21 Kg. The DD is performed in phases, with severe restriction until the 3rd phase and at about the 6th month; carbohydrates and a gala meal are reintroduced, promoting a weight gain. Sacks et al. observed that regardless of the nutritional composition of the diet, obese participants that had a weight loss, after 12 months of treatment, they can gain weight, but with a reduction of approximately 11.4% of the initial weight(19). We observed that participants of TD group also presented significant weight reduction, suggesting the effectiveness of the close follow up with nutritionist and physician.
 Abdominal circumference is an indirect parameter of fat mass corresponding to visceral fat that is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. In our data, we observed a reduction in waist circumference in both groups after 12 months. Moreno et al. comparing ketogenic diet with standard diet in a group of obese patients found an important reduction in abdominal circumference with partial recovery after 24 months(20).
 Although DEXA Scan is considered the gold standard for body composition determination, BIA is a non-invasive and relatively inexpensive method and widely used(21). A significant reduction in the relative values of body fat was observed at 3 and 6 months in the DD group and only after 3 months in the TD. Increase in percent of lean mass was observed in the DD group at 3 and 6 months, but this increase does not represent a gain of lean mass, since the relative increase is a result of the reduction of body weight, promoting a relative increase in the values of lean mass. The loss of lean mass in the DD group may be due to the low caloric intake of the diet, as Chaston et al. (2007) pointed out that diet with low-calorie diet promote marked weight loss, but there is a decline in lean mass resulting from this process(22) . In our study, in spite of consuming a large amount of protein, this nutrient alone is not enough to promote the maintenance of lean mass and exercise stimulation is still necessary, which did not happen in this study, since the participants were all sedentary.
 In obese individuals, weight gain after marked loss is common, with reduction in basal metabolic rate(23). Several studies have observed this phenomenon during rapid weight loss(24) and diets with low carbohydrate intake are among the factors that influence metabolic adaptation. Some studies suggest that low amounts of carbohydrate (<45%) decrease the basal metabolic rate during and after weight loss. This type of diet can promote fat mass loss and preservation of lean mass during weight loss, reducing the basal metabolic rate. Reduction in BMR was observed in both groups, but in the DD group, the reduction occurred at all times in relation to baseline whereas in TD group the reduction was greater only after 6 months of intervention.
 Improvement in insulin resistance and triglycerides were observed only in the DD group. Individuals with insulin resistance have greater difficulty to metabolize carbohydrates, diverting a greater amount of dietary carbohydrates to the liver, where much of it is converted to fat (lipogenesis), rather than being oxidized in energy in the skeletal muscle. For this reason, very low carbohydrate diets applied in obese individuals, in addition to leading to weight loss also improves glycemic and lipid control. The effects of the very prolonged ketogenic diet are still poorly investigated and for this reason this diet should only be used for a limited period (from 3 weeks to a few months) to stimulate fat loss, improve metabolism, and then adjusting a transition to a normal diet(25).
 No changes in levels of total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL-c were observed in any group. However, only in the DD group there was a significant reduction in TG level. In general, diets with reduced carbohydrates and high levels of proteins and fats increase LDL-c and TG levels showing beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on cardiovascular risk factors. Most studies show that reducing carbohydrates can bring significant benefits in reducing total cholesterol, increases in HDL-c and reduction of triglycerides in the blood. HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol is activated by insulin, so that a reduction in blood glucose and hence insulin levels, leads to lower cholesterol synthesis. Thus, a reduction in dietary carbohydrate associated with adequate cholesterol consumption leads to inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis(26). When insulin is elevated, lipolysis is reduced and lipogenesis is increased, resulting in overproduction of VLDL containing TG, formation of small and dense LDL particles and reduction of HDL. Low concentrations of glucose and insulin also reduce the expression of the carbohydrate-sensitive response element binding protein (ChREBP) transcription factor, and expression of the binding protein of the sterol regulatory element (SREBP-1c), responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids, as well as their incorporation into triglycerides and phospholipids, activating the main lipogenic enzymes, reducing hepatic lipogenesis and VLDL production(27).
 When we evaluated the GFR, a reduction only in DD group was observed at 3 months of intervention, but still in normal reference levels. Our results did not show significant changes in serum creatinine levels, but GFR decrease in DD group. Carbohydrate-restricted diets have higher amounts of protein may affect glomerular filtration leading to progressive loss of renal function(28). In the study conducted by Brinkworfh et al. (2010), renal function was evaluated in 68 obese individuals without renal dysfunction who consumed two similar hypocaloric diets for one year, one with carbohydrate reduction and another with high carbohydrate content, and observed that creatinine serum levels and the GFR did not change in any of the dietary groups(29).
 In general, endothelial function improves after weight loss in obese individuals(30). However, associations between changes in endothelial function with anthropometric and biochemical parameters are still controversial(31). We observed that the endothelial function did not present a significant difference in the two study groups, both in fasting and in the 2 hours postprandial. Volek et al. (2009) observed that low-carbohydrate diet improves postprandial vascular function compared to a low-fat diet in overweight individuals with moderate hypertriglyceridemia(32). Low-carbohydrate diets, may improve vascular function in individuals with metabolic adaptations(32) and carbohydrate-restricted diets may induce benefits in endothelial function in the presence of insulin resistance, since impaired insulin action may be related to endothelial dysfunction. In our study, the meal offered for postprandial evaluation was not high in fat, but correspond to the diet proposed in each group. According to Nicholls et al. (2006), a single carbohydrate-restricted meal does not alter endothelial function(33) and this may be the reason we did not observe a change in endothelial function in the DD group in this study.
 Conclusion
 Comparing the nutritional and laboratory effects of traditional and hyper-protein diets with carbohydrate reduction, we can conclude that Dukan diet was more effective than traditional diet for weight loss, as well as for laboratory parameters and without changes in endothelial function, in the 12-months follow-up of obese subjects.
 Conflict of interest
 No conflict of interest.
 Acknowledgement
 Patricia Naomi Sakae had a scholarship from CAPES – Brazil.
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The article comprehends and analyzes the forms of indirect advertising and promotion of literature in mass media, which include the journalistic materials on literary subjects. The genres of reportage, report, biographical or portrait essay and blog, including video and photo blog, have been considered and characterized. Its potential in popularization of reading and promoting literature has been determined. The genre transformations of journalistic materials into literary subjects are traced, the emergence of new genres of indirect advertising, in particular, bookstagram, is investigated. The purpose of the article is to investigate the genre palette of journalistic materials on literary subjects and to determine their significance in book promotion and popularization of reading. Based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign scientific literature on reading problems, it is proved that popularization of reading at the present stage implies widespread use of the latest information and communication technology and introduction of new forms and methods of book promotion. The performance of indirect influence on the audience aimed at raising the status of reading as a socio-cultural institution, forming a positive image of the reading person is also actualized. The potential of mass media for popularization of reading and promoting effective communication between the various social institutions involved in this process has been revealed. The scientific novelty of research is that the journalistic genres used to cover literary subjects have been comprehensively explored for the first time. Contemporary journalistic materials on the literary subjects of Ukrainian Internet media became the material of a research. The results of the study can supplement the academic subjects as “Mass Communication and Information”, “Journalism”, “Theory of Social Communications”, “Theory and Practice of Publishing”, as well as be used to optimize the work of online mass media and to increase publications efficiency.

Considers how moral conduct is encouraged in organizations through indirect guidance and the promotion of morals via routines, with a special focus on the students and faculty of Harvard Business School. Discusses Harvard Business School's physical environment; how the ordering enterprise extends to the academic labor market; Harvard Business School's supporting routines designed to facilitate skillful in-class delivery; an analysis of a random sample of teaching notes from the first-year MBA program; faculty members' nonteaching activities and what they say about the perspectives the school might favor; and the “quality control” needed in such an organizational model. Anteby is Associate Professor and Marvin Bower Fellow in the Organizational Behavior Unit at Harvard Business School.

The purposes of the article are to conduct information monitoring of Ukrainian book publishers on the basis of open information sources and outline recommendations for further marketing campaigns. The research methodology uses the tools of the modeling method: problem statement, creation and analysis of the model. The application of the principles of integrity, hierarchy and structure allows us to consider the analysis of information about competitors from open sources as part of the marketing activities of the enterprise. The scientific novelty of the article is the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the use of open information about the activities of enterprises. The article identifies the key characteristics of participants in the competitive environment of the book publishing market of Ukraine; proved that the key players in the market are the publishing houses «A-ba-ba-ha-la-ma-ha» and «Old Lion Publishing House», the marketing strategy plan for increasing the target audience was specified. Conclusions. The article has showen that the key result of any information and analytical work on competitive intelligence for companies in any industry, in particular, publishing, is to make the right management decisions that will not only retain the existing target audience, but also increase it by new customer account. The result of the analysis of open information sources proved the need to use a strategy of protection against key and direct competitors (loyalty systems for regular customers; closed groups in various groups on social networks for regular customers, etc.). In order to increase the target audience, it is necessary to develop a strategy for attacking weak direct competitors (creating quality content on social networks, including advertising for bloggers; holding various raffles; thematic discounts, promotions). Strong and indirect competitors are also a threat to business. But the key difference from the strategy against direct competitors is the difference in the main characteristics of the product. Despite the common target audience, the range of books is slightly different, which affects the strategy of work, including the advertising campaign.
 Keywords: book publishing, competitors, promotion, open sources of information.

Актуальность исследуемой проблемы обусловлена появлением нового жанра в рекламе и продвижении книги, который еще не получил лингвистического описания. Проблема согласуется с исследованиями, ведущимися в русле анализа институциональных дискурсов, издательского дискурса в частности. Цель статьи — определить особенности вербальной составляющей буктрейлеров, представленных издательством Random House; обозначить пути для дальнейшего лингвистического, лингвопрагматического и паралингвистического анализа буктрейлеров, а также проанализировать примеры роликов, в которых наблюдается пересечение позиций издателя и автора. К основным методам исследования относятся анализ (в том числе лингвистический, стилистический и семиотический), синтез (обобщение данных и формулировка определения буктрейлера), сравнение (внутритекстовое и сравнение с другими текстами). Выборка текcтов включала 10 буктрейлеров издательства Random House за 2021 и 2022 годы, размещенные на официальном канале издательства в YouTube. В ходе исследования предложено определение буктрейлера, проанализированы примеры роликов, демонстрирующие новую тенденцию — интеграцию авторского паратекста в продвигающий книгу издательский жанр, предложены параметры для дальнейшего описания и анализа буктрейлера как нового жанра и как поликодового текста. Выявлены как вербаль- ные, так и невербальные особенности буктрейлеров, к ним, в частности, относится использование ключевых слов, концептуализирующих содержание книги, прямого или косвенного призыва к покупке книги, графических стилистических средств, а также тесное взаимодействие всех семиотических систем, обеспечивающее связность и целостность поликодового текста. The issue under study grows relevant with the emergence of a new genre used to advertise and promote books — a book trailer which has not received substantial attention of linguists yet. The topic lies in the field of research of institutional discourse practices, publishing discourse in particular. The aim of the paper is to describe the verbal part of book trailers created by Random House for books of different authors and of different genres; to outline some perspectives for linguistic, linguopragmatic and paralinguistic analysis of book trailers as well as to analyse examples with the publisher’s and the author’s points of view overlapping. The main methods applied are analysis (including linguistic, stylistic, and semiotic analysis), synthesis (generalizing information about book trailers and compiling a definition of the term), comparison (intertextual and cross textual comparison involving other publisher’s texts). The selection of texts included 10 book trailers made by Random House in 2021 and 2022 and found on their official YouTube channel. The paper provides a definition of a book trailer, presents the analysis of book trailers that demonstrate a new tendency — integration of an author’s paratext into the publisher’s book promotion genre. There are several criteria suggested for further analysis of book trailers as a new genre and a polycode text. Linguistic and extralinguistic features of book trailers are revealed. They include the use of key words that conceptualise the content of the book, the use of direct or indirect appeal for buying a book, the use of graphical stylistic means and a close correlation between all semiotic systems that provides coherence and the unity of a polycode text.

Kamasan tourist village presents painting as a tourist destination. The painting art in question is Classical Wayang painting which originated during the reign of King Dalem Waturenggong (1386-1460). It can be said that the art of Classical Wayang Painting is a cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation which has its own characteristics, namely, displaying pieces of stories taken from the Sutasoma Book, such as the Mahabrata, Ramayana and Tantri stories. The colors in Kamasan Classical Wayang paintings are usually taken from natural colors, for example for white using crushed bones, for black using charcoal which is then mixed with adhesive so it can stick to the canvas. Kamasan Wayang paintings use two dimensions, length and width, there is no perspective, so that you can't see far up and down, while the objects painted are like wayang, flat without perspective or depth. The style of the Kamasan Classical Wayang painting is quite easy to recognize, the basic color is light brown, taken from limestone. For black, use soot. However, as time went by, painters used watercolors to make them more vibrant. This product is one element of the running of tourism activities, but along with this, the running of tourism activities cannot be separated from various strategies that have been carried out both by the government and cannot be separated from the role of the community in supporting the running of this tourist village. One of the strategies that has been implemented in developing the Kamasan tourist village is the marketing communications management using direct and indirect marketing communications with a marketing communications mix model. Marketing communication management carried out by Wayang Kamasan painters to increase sales by using a communication mix (marketing mix). Direct marketing communication activities carried out by Wayang Kamasan painters such as distributing business cards and word of mouth promotion. However, it seems that Wayang Kamasan painters are more dominant in marketing communications via social media such as Instagram, TikTok and websites. Kamasan Wayang Painter carries out marketing communications with a marketing communications mix with 4Ps, namely, (1) Product. There are several products being marketed, such as: 1. Wayang Kamasan paintings 2. Keben or sok kasi 3. Fans 4. Drinking bottles 5. T-shirts 6. Bags or tote bags 95 Apart from the products that Wayang Kamasan painters prepare, namely, (2) Price. Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service which can be interpreted as the price being the amount that consumers must pay when making a purchase. As a self-employed Wayang Kamasan painter, he sells products and services simultaneously at prices that can compete in the market. (3) Promotion is an activity to disseminate information. Kamasan Wayang Painters carry out direct and indirect promotions starting from distributing business cards, and promoting through social media such as Instagram, TikTok and providing a website for the shopping process. (4) Place, the fourth point in the marketing communication strategy for Wayang Kamasan painters is a place, used as a place to produce products as well as an art shop. For each art shop, Wayang Kamasan painters provide signboards to make it easier for potential customers to find the location they want to go to. Key Word: Communication Management, Marketing, for Kamasan Painting Art

Abstract This retrospective study provides insights on linguistic development in exceptional circumstances assessing 378 children (between 2;6 and 3;6) who lived their first years during the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing it with normative data collected before this period (CDI-III-PT; Cadime et al., 2021). It investigates the extent to which linguistic development was modulated by a complex set of factors, including sex, maternal education, book reading, language-promoting practices, COVID-19 infection, parental stress and sleeping problems, considering three periods (during lockdowns, out of lockdowns and at present). The results show a substantial negative effect of the pandemic on both lexical and syntactic development. Considering individual variation, structural equation modelling unveiled a complex scenario in which age, sex, book reading, language-promoting practices, sleeping problems and COVID-19 infection showed a direct effect on linguistic development. Maternal education and parental stress had an indirect effect on children’s language, mediated by book reading and sleeping problems, respectively.

Urban planning is a broad spectrum of subjects covering technical, social and political processes concerning with the control of the use of land and design of the urban environment. Local governance similarly extends its realm into areas such as urban management, institutional and capacity building, legal and regulatory mechanisms as well as accountability and transparency in the undertakings at the lowest level of administration. In view of these two research areas, diverse elements such as solving environmental issues through technical know-hows, coastal area management towards sustainability, speedier and smoother public services deliveries through the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and community decision and governance, form parts of this book. Cities experiencing persistent problems such as increasing population, multiplicity in number of cities, air and noise pollution and traffic congestion have attracted many urban planners to come out with innovations and creative solutions to counter measure the effects of cities’ dynamisms.Local governance in Malaysia is expected to encounter many issues extending from the residential and community facilities allocation, threatened coastal areas’ management, public services delivery enhancement through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), legislative and regulative issues surrounding local governance, local economic generation through tourism promotion, to the more detailed climatic mapping and road geometrical design to resolved more specific localised issues. This edited book has addressed the above mentioned urban planning and local governance subjects in the eight chapters that it contains. The authors of chapter 1 explore the technical approaches of geospatial in a localised context. Urban governance resilience is mapped for the purpose of demarcating the urban morphology. The authors of chapter 2 have adopted a more fiscal and financial approach towards managing a degrading coastal area. In light of sustainable governance, the authors have managed to quantify various aspects of threats to sensitive coastal areas. In chapter 3, the authors focused on the application of ICT in public services delivery mechanism. E-payment deployments in the case studies of Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam and Majlis Daerah Kampar have been cited as successful deliveries of local government services. Chapter 4 investigated the concept of satisfaction from the perspective of residential dwellers. The authors elaborated, quantified and analysed empirical evidences of satisfactory living conditions and environs.In chapter 5, the authors retrospectively reflected on the legal and institutional setting of various legislation related to urban planning and local governance. Historical setting and chronological development of each enactment processes are cited and discussed in great detail. The authors in chapter 6 discussed the positive impacts of tourism activities and expenditure on the local communities. Both direct and indirect benefits and economic impacts are quantified to model the actual community receipts from these travel and expenditure patterns. The case study of Melaka, a UNESCO world heritage site has been exemplified.In chapter 7, the authors mapped the changes in urban climate adopted in land use planning through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS). They reviewed such deployment in various planning documents and the effectiveness of such practices in the contemporary urban governance practice.Finally, at a localised context, the road geometric design has been investigated against the effectiveness of regulating speed on the arterial road by the authors of chapter 8. They concluded that whilst this regulation is purposively for discouraging the negative behaviour among drivers, effectiveness levels depended on the siting and location of such provision and strict adherence to the designs guidelines. In the end, it should be mentioned that although the eight chapters have addressed the important issues, directions and challenges of governing urban centres at the lowest level of administration through effective urban planning, these do not provide a complete spectrum of urban studies, implying that local governance is a derived part of sustainability, hence, it is a multifaceted and continuous process.