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Journal articles on the topic 'Indirect Curing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ferguson, J. W. "Multistrand Wire Retainers: An Indirect Technique." British Journal of Orthodontics 15, no. 1 (1988): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.15.1.51.

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A method is described for bonding multistrand retainers indirectly, using a silicone locating splint and visible light curing adhesive. This technique permits construction of the retainer in the laboratory and eliminates the problem of positioning flexible wires in the mouth.

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2

Janošević, Predrag, Sanja Stojanović, Ivana Stojanović, Mirjana Janošević, and Stevo Najman. "Comparative In Vitro Biocompatibility Study of the Two Orthodontic Bonding Materials of Different Types." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224998.

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In the present study, the in vitro biocompatibility and cell response to two commonly used orthodontic bonding materials of different types, one self-curing and one light-curing, were examined and compared in indirect and direct cell culture systems. The study was conducted on fibroblasts and macrophages as in vitro models to study the biocompatibility of dental materials. Differences were found between the light- and self-curing material in cytotoxicity and effects on fibroblasts’ proliferation in indirect cell culture systems as well as in macrophages response in vitro in both direct and ind

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3

Ferrotti, Gilda, Andrea Grilli, Chiara Mignini, and Andrea Graziani. "Comparing the Field and Laboratory Curing Behaviour of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures for Binder Courses." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214697.

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The cold recycling of reclaimed asphalt (RA) for the rehabilitation of end-of-life pavements is becoming very common. Cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAMs) are characterised by a curing time, required to reach the material design mechanical performance. Since the laboratory simulation of the long-term field curing is not yet a standardised procedure, a CRAM was laid as binder course in a full-scale trial section that was monitored for more than two years. The comparison between field curing and oven-curing in laboratory at 40 °C was performed by carrying out indirect tensile stiffness modulus

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4

Elmasry, Mohamed E., Amin A. Kotb, and Walaa M. Shaaban. "Investigate the Effect of Curing Methods for Different Types of Binder Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1396, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1396/1/012006.

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Abstract Various curing techniques are typically used to achieve the required concrete strengths. The laboratory results of this study investigate the effects of curing techniques (namely water, air-dry, burlap, membrane, and chemical spray) on compressive strength (Fcu) and indirect tensile strength (Ft) using 200 specimens. To determine the optimum method for concrete curing, two different cement contents were used (350 kg/m3 450 kg/m3) with and without chemical admixture (superplasticizer, SP). Compressive and indirect tensile strengths were determined for the four different concrete mixes.

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5

Delgado, M. "Last Generation Bis-GMA Free Composite For Indirect Posterior Restorations: A Case Report." Endodontics Today 21, no. 4 (2024): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2023-21-4-305-307.

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Scientific literature put in evidence the importance to use biocompatible materials, free from any substance that can be toxic for the human body, for this reason a Bis-GMA free composite material is used that shows cytotoxicity equal to zero. Nowadays composite materials can be used with direct and indirect technique. In this case report we decided to provide an indirect composite restoration, this is an excellent option in absence of coronal destruction, as we improve the anatomic contour, and we also increase the physical properties as we also post curing the element in a light curing unit

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6

Zorba, Yahya Orcun, Nurcan Ozakar Ilday, Yusuf Ziya Bayındır, and Sezer Demirbuga. "Comparing the shear bond strength of direct and indirect composite inlays in relation to different surface conditioning and curing techniques." European Journal of Dentistry 07, no. 04 (2013): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.120679.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that different surface conditioning (etch and rinse and self-etch) and curing techniques (light cure/dual cure) had no effect on the shear bond strength of direct and indirect composite inlays. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 extracted human molar teeth were horizontally sectioned and randomly divided into two groups according to restoration technique (direct and indirect restorations). Each group was further subdivided into seven subgroups (n = 8) according to bonding agent (etch and rinse adhesives Scotchbond mul

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7

Du, Jia Chong, Ming Feng Kuo, and J. C. Yeh. "Properties of Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar for Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.466.

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This study focused on the properties of the cement asphalt emulsion (CA) mortar. The mixtures of the samples were fabricated and allowed them seven, fourteen and twenty eight days for curing before tested by compressive strength, three points flexural test, and indirect tensile strength to probe into their engineering properties. Hydraulic cement mortar samples used as control are analyzed for comparison. The test results show that the compressive strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; the flexural strength at curing of 28 days is CA mortar greater than hydraulic cement mo

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8

Nisha, Garg, Kaur Saini Ishman, Chhabra Ajay, Singh Uppal Amandeep, Singh Bindra Simranpal, and Kaur Saini Gurpreet. "Clinical Performance of Composite Using Direct and Indirect Technique." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 62–67. https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0302.05.521079.

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<strong>AIM:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical performance of composite in regard to colour, marginal staining, surface roughness and chipping in anterior teeth using direct and indirect technique. <strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</strong> 60 anterior teeth were selected for this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Facial reduction of 0.75-1 mm was done in both groups. In Group A (n=30), veneer preparation was done directly by incremental layering technique. In Group B (n=30), putty impression was taken, a cast was made and composite build up was performed on t

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9

Joshaghani, Alireza, Richa Bhardwaj, Dan G. Zollinger, and Anol Kanti Mukhopadhyay. "Investigating the Effects of Curing Quality on Key Concrete Pavement Surface Properties." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119850147.

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The large surface-area-to-volume ratio of concrete pavements increases moisture loss through evaporation during placement and hydration. Moreover, ambient conditions might expedite water evaporation from a concrete surface. To minimize moisture loss in early aged concrete, curing compounds are often used in slab construction. The purpose of this paper is to show the viability of identified curing quality indicators. Two indicators were defined to evaluate the curing practices related to direct and indirect measures. These indicators were determined by measuring different factors for a given cu

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10

Kiselyov, Valery Mikhailovich, Victoria Rudolfovna Shashmurina, and Anna Borisovna Shashmurina. "Strength of the adhesive connection "veneer - composite material - tooth"." Applied Information Aspects of Medicine (Prikladnye informacionnye aspekty mediciny) 28, no. 1 (2025): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.18499/2070-9277-2025-28-1-19-25.

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The study was conducted to compare the adhesion strength of glass-ceramic indirect restorations to tooth tissues after their fixation using light- and combined-curing composite materials, fifth- and sixth-generation adhesive systems. Laboratory studies were performed on sections of extracted human teeth in accordance with GOST R 59423-2021 (ISO 29022:2013). The shear strength test of the adhesive bond of an E-max sample to tooth enamel was performed on an UltraTester Bond Strength Testing Machine in three series of experiments using composite materials: Variolink Esthetic LC, Multilink N, Prem

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11

Su, Yu Min, Nabil Hossiney, and Mang Tia. "Indirect Tensile Strength of Concrete Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Using the Superpave Indirect Tensile Test." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.368.

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Concrete mixes containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) were evaluated by the Superpave® Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test using a constant force-control and a displacement-control rate. The IDT strength of concrete without RAP at early age was seen to increase as the temperature decreased. The effect of temperature was not seen among the concrete at later ages. In addition, the IDT strength of concrete containing RAP was seen to decrease as the percentage of RAP and temperature increased. The IDT strength computed from the maximum load at 28 days curing time was found to correlate well

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12

Rohr, N., JA Müller, and J. Fischer. "Influence of Ambient Temperature and Light-curing Moment on Polymerization Shrinkage and Strength of Resin Composite Cements." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 6 (2018): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-085-l.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a clinically appropriate light-curing moment for resin composite cements while achieving the highest indirect tensile strength and lowest polymerization shrinkage. Methods and Materials: Polymerization shrinkage of seven resin composite cements (Multilink Automix, Multilink Speed Cem, RelyX Ultimate, RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, Panavia V5, Panavia SA plus, VITA Adiva F-Cem) was measured at ambient temperatures of 23°C and 37°C. Testing was done for autopolymerized and light-cured specimens after light application at either 1, 5, or 10

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13

Prasad, Deepak, and Sanjeev Kumar Suman. "Impact of curing on the volumetric and mechanical properties of cold bitumen emulsion mix." Engineering Research Express 5, no. 2 (2023): 025037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/acd3d6.

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Abstract Cold bitumen emulsion mix (CBEM) is an emerging sustainable material for constructing the base or surface layer of flexible pavements, reducing energy consumption and global warming effects compared to hot mix asphalt. The main challenges associated with CBEM are low initial strength, moisture susceptibility, etc. This is primarily due to water encapsulation. The curing process allows the water to evaporate gradually over time, improving mechanical properties. This study investigates CBEM’s volumetric and mechanical properties under different curing conditions. CBEMs were prepared usi

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14

Chen, Xing Kai, Bing Yan Jiang, and Zhou Zhou. "Optimization of CFRP Pultrusion Process with NSGA-II and ANN." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2705.

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The temperature and curing degree of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are coupled during pultrusion. In order to figure out the real-time temperature and curing degree of CFRP, the heat transfer model and curing model for resin were established on the basis of curing kinetics and heat transfer theory, and solved by the combination of finite element, finite different and indirect decoupling methods. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were utilized to monitor the temperature of CFRP on real-time during pultrusion, while the curing degree of CFRP was measured through Sorbitic extraction.

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15

Ellington, G. H., and M. D. Boyette. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE CORRELATION AMONG NITROGEN OXIDES AND TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO." Tobacco Science 50, no. 50 (2013): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.3381/12-022r.1.

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Research has established that the most significant mechanism associated with tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) formation in flue-cured tobacco results from exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) that react with the naturally occurring alkaloids in the green leaf during curing. As a result, the tobacco industry initiated a conversion in 1999 from direct-fired to indirect-fired heating systems in the curing barns. This work began with random monitoring of direct- and indirect-fired curing barns to quantify the nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations to which the green leaf is exposed during the curing

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16

Zamalloa-Quintana, Marlon, Carlos López-Gurreonero, Flor Magaly Santander-Rengifo, et al. "Effect of Additional Dry Heat Curing on Microflexural Strength in Three Types of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study." Crystals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081045.

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Aim: Additional dry heat curing is a method that favorably influences the mechanical properties of an indirect resin composite restoration. Microflexural strength is a property currently applied for the evaluation of indirect resin composite restorations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of additional dry heat curing on microflexural strength in three types of direct-use resin composites. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study consisted of 70 resin composites samples made with a 6 × 2 × 1 mm metal matrix and divided into seven experimental groups, which included Gr1a:

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17

Rastelli, Alessandra Nara de Souza, Ricardo Scarparo Navarro, José Roberto Cury Saad, Marcelo Ferrarezi De Andrade, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "Effect of different light-curing techniques on hardness of a microhybrid dental composite resin." Brazilian Dental Science 17, no. 1 (2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2014.v17i1.950.

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<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>This study assessed the Vickers hardness provided by two LCUs when using (1) direct and indirect light-curing techniques, (2) 40 and 60 seconds and (3) top and bottom surfaces. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: One halogen Curing Light 2500 (3M Espe) and one LED (MM Optics) were used by direct and indirect (0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mm of dental structure) techniques during 40 and 60 seconds. The samples were made with Filtek<sup>TM</sup> Z250 in a metallic mould with a central orifice (4 mm in

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18

Zhao, Xueying, and Baofu Ma. "Measurement of the Promoting Effect of Complex Conditions on the Adhesion Development in Curing Process of Cold Recycling Mixture with Emulsified Asphalt." Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (January 20, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9683383.

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The curing process of cold recycling mixture with emulsified asphalt is a process of emulsion breaking, water evaporation, and cement hydration, resulting in adhesion development and strength formation. There are many factors that affect this process, including curing temperature, curing time, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents, and cement contents. However, the evaluation of the promoting effect of each factor is still not quite clear. Hence, in this paper, the curing temperature, curing time, and RAP contents were discussed to find out the dominating factor in this process. The develo

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19

Li, Yingguang, Libing Cheng, and Jing Zhou. "Curing multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with indirect microwave heating." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 97, no. 1-4 (2018): 1137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1974-1.

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20

Abdelhalim, Benouis, and Mehamdia Ali. "The use of ultrasonic pulse velocity to estimate the water permeability of concretes." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901065.

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In this work we investigated the possibility of estimating the water permeability of concrete from the ultrasonic surface wave velocity (Rayleigh's waves). This is a method for the non-destructive permeability diagnosis of the in situ auscultation of a structure. Four ordinary concrete compositions with different W/C ratios and two self compacting concretes SCC were used. This study showed a decrease in of ultrasonic pulse velocity with the increase in the W/C ratio, this is due to the increase in porosity. Curing in air of the concrete specimens produces greater permeability than curing in wa

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21

Morin, A., A. Porter, J. Joly, and A. Ratavicius. "Evolution of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and Microbial Populations During Flue-Curing of Tobacco Under Direct and Indirect Heating." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 21, no. 1 (2004): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0770.

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AbstractCanadian tobacco was flue-cured using two different heating systems: direct-fired in which the exhaust gases were in contact with the tobacco and indirect in which only hot air, via a heat exchanger, contacted the tobacco. The concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco cured by indirect heating did not increase during curing and were in the range 0.25-0.35 ppm. There were no changes in TSNA concentrations (range 0.13-0.3 ppm) in tobacco cured by direct firing during the first six days (0-144 h) of curing. However between 168 and 264 h, significant increases in T

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22

Mishaal, Farah Zaal, and Abdulrahman Aldaood. "Strength of silty soil treated with cement and reinforced with plastic bottle waste under conventional and wetting-drying conditions." Soils and Rocks 48, no. 2 (2025): e2025010723. https://doi.org/10.28927/sr.2025.010723.

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This research aims to study the engineering properties of silty soil reinforced with plastic waste fiber (PWF) extruded from water plastic bottles. Other reinforced soil samples have been treated with cement, except for control samples (untreated soil samples). Curing time, length and percentage of fiber are the variables studied in this research. Lab testing results show that adding plastic waste fiber to the silty soil helps to increase the unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and punching-tensile strength. The results of soil samples treated with 4% cement show that al

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Sandy, D., and S. R. Tonapa. "Alternative Using of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Acid Curing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (2021): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012063.

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Abstract One of the most widely used construction materials is concrete. Concrete technology is currently developing, one of which is looking for alternative materials concrete forming. This research focuses on the use of slag as a fine aggregate in concrete, especially in environments containing sulfuric and chloride acid. Observations were made by testing compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and flexural strength, with 171 cylindrical specimens and 27 sample beam specimens. The test results show that the relative percentage of compressive strength of normal concrete on H2SO4 curi

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24

Casselli, Denise Sá Maia, Claudia Cia Worschech, Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo, and Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias. "Diametral tensile strength of composite resins submitted to different activation techniques." Brazilian Oral Research 20, no. 3 (2006): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242006000300006.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of composite resins submitted to different curing techniques. Four composite resins were tested in this study: Targis (Ivoclar), Solidex (Shofu), Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer) and Filtek Z250 (3M Espe). Sixty-four cylindrical specimens were prepared and divided into eight groups according to each polymerization technique (n = 8). The indirect composite resins (Targis and Solidex) were polymerized with their respective curing systems (Targis Power and EDG-lux); Charisma and Filtek Z250 were light-cured with conventional poly

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Ghorbani, Ali, Maysam Salimzadehshooiili, Jurgis Medzvieckas, and Romualdas Kliukas. "Strength Characteristics of Cement-Rice Husk Ash Stabilised Sand-Clay Mixture Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 4 (2018): 447–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.428.

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In this paper, stress-strain behaviour of sand-clay mixture stabilised with different cement and rice husk ash percentages, and reinforced with different polypropylene fibre lengths are evaluated. Mixtures are widely used in road construction for soil stabilisation. It is observed that replacing half of the cement percentage (in high cement contents) with rice husk ash will result in a higher unconfined compressive strength. In addition, the presence of 6 mm polypropylene fibres will help to increase the unconfined compressive strength of stabilised samples, while larger fibres cause reverse b

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Arrais, C. A. G., M. Giannini, F. A. Rueggeberg, and D. H. Pashley. "Effect of Curing Mode on Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin of Two Dual-cured Adhesive Systems in Combination with Resin Luting Cements for Indirect Restorations." Operative Dentistry 32, no. 1 (2007): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/06-4.

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Clinical Relevance The separate step of light curing the adhesive resin component of some fourth and fifth generation dual-cured adhesive systems may be eliminated prior to cementation of an indirect resin composite restoration without deterioration in microtensile bond strength.

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Wei, Chenhao, Zewen He, Jiachen Ma, et al. "Preparation and Performance of Cement-Stabilized Base External Curing Agent in a Desert Environment." Buildings 14, no. 5 (2024): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051465.

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To explore and deal with the difficulty in curing cement-stabilized bases in desert environments, curing agents were prepared to enhance the curing effect on the base in this research. The composite curing agent was prepared through orthogonal experiments and the durability of the curing agent coating were studied by simulating a desert environment. Subsequently, the curing effect on the performance of bases was analyzed. Finally, the hydration degree of cement was studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the cur

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28

Li, Yongxiang, Chuangdan Luo, Kuiliang Ji, Haiwei Zhang, and Bowei Sun. "Laboratory Evaluation of Strength Performance of Full-Depth Reclamation with Portland Cement Material." Coatings 14, no. 5 (2024): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050573.

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Full-depth reclamation with Portland cement (FDR-PC) represents an innovative cold recycling technology for pavements, holding significant promise due to its capacity to reuse deteriorated pavement base layers. This paper investigates the key factors influencing the strength properties of FDR-PC. The results indicate that, compared to the static compaction method, the vibratory compaction method yields cold-recycled mixtures with higher maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Increasing the cement content and base-to-surface ratio, extending the curing time, and raising

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29

Du, Shao Wen, Wei Xu, and Shan Shan Li. "The Mechanical Properties of Foam Asphalt Mixture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1150.

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The mechanical properties of foam asphalt mixture are investigated, including indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture resistance, rutting resistance and fatigue resistance. The test results indicate the 40°C3d curing mehod can stimulate the 30d or 60d natural environment temperature (25°C) curing procedures, which can quickly evaluate the long term ITS of foam asphalt mixture with cement or without cement. Cement can obviously improve the ITS, moisture resistance and fatigue test. The paper recommends proper cement content of foam asphalt mixture should be in between 1.5% to 2.5%.

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Nimsanor, Adulwit, and Preeda Chaturabong. "Evaluating the Effect of Curing Time and Resting Time on Moisture Damage Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures Using the Pull-Off Tensile Strength (POTS) Test." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086760.

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This article explores the effectiveness of the Pull-off Tensile Strength (POTS) test as a tool for evaluating the moisture damage resistance of asphalt mixtures. Currently, indirect tensile strength (ITS) and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test are used, but they have limitations such as expensive equipment and being heavy. The POTS test is a low-cost and portable alternative. This study investigated the effect of curing time and resting time on the POTS of asphalt-aggregate systems by subjecting samples to different curing times and resting times before testing their tensile strength under

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Imamura, Glen M., John W. Reinhardt, and Jorge Perdigao. "Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of heat cured composite resin after surface preparation to enhance bond strength." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148149.

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Tooth shaded composite resin is frequently used as a direct restorative material in the oral cavity. However, during setting it undergoes a volumetric shrinkage which can result in leakage around margins of the restoration. Indirect techniques avoid intraoral shrinkage by fabricating and curing the composite at elevated temperatures outside of the mouth. Higher curing temperatures also improve physical properties in vitro. The completed restoration is then cemented into the prepared cavity with a low viscosity composite resin cement. This study evaluated the effect of varied surface preparatio

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Moosavi, Horieh, Fathemeh Maleknejad, Nasrin Sarabi, Resa Shahriari, and Taybeh Shayankhah. "The Effect of Different Adhesive Types and Curing Methods on Microleakage and the Marginal Adaptation of Composite Veneers." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 10, no. 3 (2009): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-10-3-18.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of application techniques (with pre-curing vs without pre-curing) for dentin adhesive on microleakage and marginal adaptation of indirect composite veneer restorations. Methods and Materials A total-etch bonding system, Excite/Variolink II (EXV), and a self-etching primer system, Panavia F2.0 (PF2), were used in the study. Forty-eight human central incisors were prepared for composite veneer restorations. The teeth were divided into two groups (n=24). For each resin cement, one half of each experimental group included an

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33

Utepov, Ye B. "ASSEMBLING A MULTISENSORY DEVICE FOR MONITORING AND ASSESSING CONCRETE CURING CONDITIONS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 19, no. 1 (39) (2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022no1/90-98.

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The conventional direct and indirect methods to study the mechanical characteristics of concrete are mainly performing discrete measurements, omitting the continuous internal and external phenomena occurring in the concrete body that may significantly affect its strength and quality. This study presents a multisensory device and a method that simultaneously measures and assesses the impact of curing temperature, ambient temperature and relative humidity on the concrete strength. The device was assembled on the basis of Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller connected with various sensors, as well as

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De Angelis, Francesco, Mirco Vadini, Mario Capogreco, Camillo D’Arcangelo, and Maurizio D’Amario. "Effect of Light-Sources and Thicknesses of Composite Onlays on Micro-Hardness of Luting Composites." Materials 14, no. 22 (2021): 6849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226849.

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The aim of this study was to compare three different light-curing-units (LCUs) and determine their effectiveness in the adhesive cementation of indirect composite restorations when a light-curing resin cement is used. Two resin composites were selected: Enamel Plus HRI (Micerium) and AURA (SDI). Three thicknesses (3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm) were produced and applied as overlays and underlays for each resin composite. A standardized composite layer was placed between underlay and overlay surfaces. Light curing of the resin-based luting composites was attained through the overlay filters using LCUs fo

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Zhao, Zili, Fujian Ni, Junqiu Zheng, Zhiqiang Cheng, and Shengjia Xie. "Evaluation of Curing Effects on Bitumen Emulsion-Based Cold In-Place Recycling Mixture Considering Field-Water Evaporation and Heat-Transfer Conditions." Coatings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071204.

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The strength growth of a bitumen emulsion-based cold in-place recycling asphalt mixture (BE-CIR) is time-dependent and time-consuming due to the addition of water. There is a great difference between the curing conditions of specification in the laboratory and the in situ conditions, which often leads to a great discrepancy between the results of lab specimens and the field cores. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the curing effect on laboratory BE-CIR considering field-water evaporation and heat-transfer conditions. Four different curing methods were designed by using different

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Karatas, Ozcan, Funda Bayindir, NurcanOzakar Ilday, YusufZiya Bayindir, and Aysel Gurpinar. "Color changes in resin cement polymerized with different curing lights under indirect restorations." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 19, no. 1 (2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.173198.

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Catelan, Anderson, Márcia Regina do Espírito Santo, Lívia Maluf Menegazzo, João Carlos Silos Moraes, and Paulo Henrique dos Santos. "Effect of light curing modes on mechanical properties of direct and indirect composites." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 71, no. 3-4 (2012): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715193.

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Acocella, Maria Rosaria, Aniello Vittore, Mario Maggio, Gaetano Guerra, Luca Giannini, and Luciano Tadiello. "Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Carbon Black as Catalyst for Crosslinking of Phenolic Resins." Polymers 11, no. 8 (2019): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081330.

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Influence of different graphite-based nanofillers on crosslinking reaction of resorcinol, as induced by hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, is studied. Curing reactions leading from low molecular mass compounds to crosslinked insoluble networks are studied by indirect methods based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Reported results show a catalytic activity of graphene oxide (eGO) on this reaction, comparable to that one already described in the literature for curing of benzoxazine. For instance, for an eGO content of 2 wt %, the exothermic crosslinking DSC peak (upon heating at 10 °C/min) shifte

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Ismail, Amiruddin, Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini, Mohamed Rehan Karim, et al. "Laboratory Investigation on the Strength Characteristics of Cement-Treated Base." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.353.

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Cement-Treated Base (CTB) is a non-conventional method used in road bases materials to improve its engineering properties due to the hardening of cement when moisture is present and extends the period of curing times. This study investigates the effects of cement additive on properties of base layer using laboratory mechanistic evaluation of stabilized soil mixtures. Laboratory tests conducted were Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Indirect Tension test for Resilient Modulus (ITRM) and Flexure Strength (FS) tests. The results revealed that by adding Portland cement, the mechanical propert

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Ma, Wangyu, Randy C. West, Nam Tran, Brian K. Diefenderfer, and Chen Chen. "Effects of Mineral Additives on Cold Recycled Foamed Asphalt Mixtures Cured in Laboratory and Field Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 26 (2018): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118793275.

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Cold recycling with foamed asphalt has been considered a sustainable pavement rehabilitation technology. During the mix design process, the dry and wet indirect tensile strengths (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) are important parameters for evaluating performance of a cold mix. These performance parameters can be significantly influenced by the type of mineral additive used in the mixture and conditions in which test specimens are cured before testing. In this study, the objective was to determine the effects of mineral additives on the dry and wet ITS and TSR results of the cold recycle

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Paula, Andréia Bolzan de, Rubens Nisie Tango, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Marcelo Corrêa Alves, and Regina M. Puppin-Rontani. "Effect of thickness of indirect restoration and distance from the light-curing unit tip on the hardness of a dual-cured resin cement." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 2 (2010): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000200005.

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This study evaluated the Knoop hardness and polymerization depth of a dual-cured resin cement, light-activated at different distances through different thicknesses of composite resin. One bovine incisor was embedded in resin and its buccal surface was flattened. Dentin was covered with PVC film where a mold (0.8-mm-thick and 5 mm diameter) was filled with cement and covered with another PVC film. Light curing (40 s) was carried out through resin discs (2, 3, 4 or 5 mm) with a halogen light positioned 0, 1, 2 or 3 mm from the resin surface. After storage, specimens were sectioned for hardness m

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BAYARRI, SUSANA, MARÍA J. GRACIA, REGINA LÁZARO, CONSUELO PÉREZ-ARQUILLUÉ, MONTSERRAT BARBERÁN, and ANTONIO HERRERA. "Determination of the Viability of Toxoplasma gondii in Cured Ham Using Bioassay: Influence of Technological Processing and Food Safety Implications." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 12 (2010): 2239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.12.2239.

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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and distributed worldwide. Ingestion of viable cysts from infected raw or undercooked meat is an important route of horizontal transmission of the parasite to humans. Little information is available concerning the effect of commercial curing on cysts of T. gondii. This study is the first in which the influence of processing of cured ham on the viability of T. gondii has been evaluated, using bioassay to assess the risk of infection from eating this meat product. Naturally infected pigs were selected for the study, an

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Meleka, Nageh N., Alaa A. Bashandy, and Mohamed A. Arab. "Economical Reactive Powder Concrete Cast Using Available Materials in North Sinai, Egypt." Archives of Civil Engineering 59, no. 2 (2013): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2013-0009.

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Abstract In this research reactive powder concrete (RPC) was prepared using sand from North Sinai. The mechanical properties of locally cast RPC were investigated and evaluated by studying the effects of using different cement and silica fume contents and new steel fibers’ aspect ratios as reinforcement for RPC. Specimens’ preparation, curing regimes and testing procedures to evaluate the compressive strength, the modulus of elasticity, the indirect tensile strength and the flexural strength were discussed. A compressive strength of 154.5MPa, indirect tensile strength of 11.98MPa, modulus of e

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Kim, Sung-Hee, and Yong-Keun Lee. "Changes in color and color coordinates of an indirect resin composite during curing cycle." Journal of Dentistry 36, no. 5 (2008): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2008.01.013.

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Tango, Rubens Nisie, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Américo Bortolazzo Correr, Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho, and Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani. "Effect of veneering materials and curing methods on resin cement knoop hardness." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 3 (2007): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000300011.

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This study evaluated the Knoop hardness of Enforce resin cement activated by the either chemical/physical or physical mode, and light cured directly and through ceramic (HeraCeram) or composite resin (Artglass). Light curing were performed with either conventional halogen light (QTH; XL2500) for 40 s or xenon plasma arc (PAC; Apollo 95E) for 3 s. Bovine incisors had their buccal surfaces flattened and hybridized. On these surfaces a mold was seated and filled with cement. A 1.5-mm-thick disc of the veneering material was seated over this set for light curing. After storage (24 h/37ºC), specime

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Malaoui, Rachida, Adel Djellali, Leila Arabet, Assma Benbouza, Debojit Sarker, and Djillali Bensaid. "Indirect estimation of compressive strength of cement-stabilized mine tailings by using ultrasonic pulse velocity for road construction." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e9897. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-412.

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This study proposes a correlation formula between the compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity UPV, and dynamic elastic modulus of cement-stabilized mine tailings CSMT. Samples were tested in curing times (1, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days) by cement amounts (2%, 4%, 6%). The findings demonstrated that the strength and wave velocities of CSMT were enhanced due to increased cement content and extended curing periods. A regression equation with a high coefficient of determination (R-square >0.95) was developed to establish a relationship between compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse veloci

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Xue, Yanhua, Dongdong Ge, Songtao Lv, Hui Wei, Weiwei Lu, and Liangchen Peng. "The Research Effects of Variable Temperature and Early Strength Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Stabilized Macadam." Materials 17, no. 15 (2024): 3720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153720.

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In cold regions with high daily temperature gradients (>20 °C), the durability of cement-stabilized macadam (CSM) base materials is poor and prone to cracking. To effectively reduce the cracking of semi-rigid base layers in cold regions with high daily temperature gradients and extend fatigue life, this study focused on cracking and fatigue characteristics of CSM with a 10% commercial early strength agent (ESA) added by the external mixing method under different curing conditions. The ESA was manufactured by Jiangsu Subote New Materials Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The curing conditions were

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Pick, Bárbara, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga, Washington Steagall Junior, Yoshio Kawano, Roberto Ruggiero Braga, and Paulo Eduardo Capel Cardoso. "Influence of Curing Light Attenuation Caused by Aesthetic Indirect Restorative Materials on Resin Cement Polymerization." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 03 (2010): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697845.

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Objectives: To verify the effect of interposing different indirect restorative materials on degree of conversion (DC), hardness, and flexural strength of a dual-cure resin cement.Methods: Discs (2 mm-thick, n=5) of four indirect restorative materials were manufactured: a layered glass-ceramic (GC); a heat-pressed lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramic veneered with the layered glass-ceramic (LD); a micro-hybrid (MH); and a micro-filled (MF) indirect composite resin. The light transmittance of these materials was determined using a double-beam spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Bar-s

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Utepov, Yelbek, Aleksej Aniskin, Assel Tulebekova, Aliya Aldungarova, Shyngys Zharassov, and Assel Sarsembayeva. "Complex Maturity Method for Estimating the Concrete Strength Based on Curing Temperature, Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167712.

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The maturity method is deservedly considered one of the reliable indirect methods for determining the strength at the early stages of concrete curing. The main parameter in the calculation is the internal temperature of concrete that accumulates during the chemical reaction of concrete curing, while external factors such as ambient temperature and relative humidity are fallaciously omitted. In this work, the complex maturity method was developed based on ASTM C1074, accounting for the influence of ambient temperature and relative humidity and coefficients indicating their influence weight. The

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Dixon, Paul. "Machado de Assis' homeopathic narrators." Machado de Assis em Linha 8, no. 15 (2015): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-682120158159.

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Machado showed a fascination with homeopathic medicine, an indirect form of treatment that uses agents to stimulate reactions similar to the symptoms of the condition to be cured. Several of the author’s texts show a pattern of projects realized by indirect means, by "like curing like", which suggests a homeopathic logic in Machado’s worldview. Certain narrators, such as those inMemórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, Dom Casmurro, and in short stories such as "O segredo do bonzo" and "Adão e Eva", are notable for denouncing themselves, that is, for undermining their own validity. This curious situat

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