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Books on the topic 'Indirect Mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Wen, Pi hua. Indirect boundary element formulations for dynamic fracture mechanics. Wessex Institute of Technology, 1995.

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2

Jagannathan, Ravi. Why don't issuers choose IPO auctions?: The complexity of indirect mechanisms. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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3

Brew, Paul Alan. Are the thyroidal effects following exposure to propyl gallate due to a direct or indirect mechanism? 1996.

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4

Patlewicz, Grace. Are the effects seen following exposure to propyl gallate on the thyroid due to a direct or indirect mechanism? 1996.

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5

Hattis. Potential Indirect Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Natl Technical Information, 1986.

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6

Groeneveld, A. B. J., and Alexandre Lima. Vasodilators in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0035.

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Vasodilators are commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to control arterial blood pressure, unload the left or the right heart, control pulmonary artery pressure, and improve microcirculatory blood flow. Vasodilator refers to drugs acting directly on the smooth muscles of peripheral vessel walls and drugs are usually classified based on their mechanism (acting directly or indirectly) or site of action (arterial or venous vasodilator). Drugs that have a predominant effect on resistance vessels are arterial dilators and drugs that primarily affect venous capacitance vessels are venous di

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Schiller, Wendy J., and Charles Stewart. Political Dynamics and Senate Representation. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163161.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the links between the indirect electoral mechanism and patterns of representational behavior that appear to differ markedly from that exhibited by U.S. senators today. Specifically, it examines whether U.S. senators' institutional activities were connected to the dynamics underlying their election to office—for example, whether their election was resolved on the first ballot or required joint session balloting to resolve, and their margin of victory. The chapter proceeds in three parts. First, it presents a quantitative analysis of the patterns of separate or joint electi

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Joe, Verhoeven. Part IV Invalidity and Termination of Treaties, 18 Invalidity of Treaties: Anything new in/under the Vienna Conventions? Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588916.003.0018.

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This chapter analyses the alleged customary character of the grounds of invalidity as provided for in articles 46–53 of the Vienna Convention. It considers both merits and deficiencies. It asks: What are the other possible grounds of invalidity? The chapter also covers the originality of the procedural mechanism as organized in articles 65–67. Further topics include: validity of (direct or indirect) reservations to those articles, especially to article 66.a; analysis of states entitled to claim invalidity; and the effects of invalidity (ratione materiae, ratione personae, and ratione temporis)

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Eland, John H. D., and Raimund Feifel. Diatomic molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0003.

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Double ionisation of most of the experimentally accessible diatomic molecules has been studied previously by several techniques, including Auger spectroscopy, double electron transfer, kinetic energy release, and high-level theory. New double photoionisation spectra of HBr, HI, N2, CO, NO, O2, Br2, ICl, and I2 are presented here with analysis to identify the electronic states of the doubly charged ions. A simple empirical model is introduced to estimate double ionisation energies on the basis of orbital energies. For CO, NO, and O2, an indirect double ionisation mechanism is found, involving d

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Ritchie, James, Darren Green, Constantina Chrysochou, and Philip A. Kalra. Renal artery stenosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0214.

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Modern practice typically utilizes indirect angiography by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line diagnostic tool for renal artery stenosis, with no established screening tool able to meaningfully impact the pre-test probability of a positive finding. Neither can any current imaging technique reliably predict patient, blood pressure, or renal outcome following renal artery revascularization, although promising developments have been made in recent years.A major mechanism of hypertension in renovascular hypertension is overproduction of renin in response to hypoperf

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Gelfand, Alan, and Sujit K. Sahu. Models for demography of plant populations. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.17.

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This article discusses the use of Bayesian analysis and methods to analyse the demography of plant populations, and more specifically to estimate the demographic rates of trees and how they respond to environmental variation. It examines data from individual (tree) measurements over an eighteen-year period, including diameter, crown area, maturation status, and survival, and from seed traps, which provide indirect information on fecundity. The multiple data sets are synthesized with a process model where each individual is represented by a multivariate state-space submodel for both continuous

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Bukiya, Anna N., and Avia Rosenhouse-Dantsker. Cholesterol Modulation of Protein Function: Sterol Specificity and Indirect Mechanisms. Springer, 2019.

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13

Sarnoff, Joshua D. Intellectual Property and Climate Change, with an Emphasis on Patents and Technology Transfer. Edited by Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky, and Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0018.

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This chapter addresses some of the issues raised between the patent system and the international climate change regime. Substantial theoretical and empirical uncertainties remain regarding whether the patent system is the best method of promoting investment, innovation, and dissemination of technologies. It highlights the end of the Sixteenth Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Cancún where the UNFCCC agreed to focus its technology development and transfer efforts to the patent system through two new subsidiary institutions: the Te

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Cumming, Douglas, Igor Filatotchev, Juliane Reinecke, and Geoffrey Wood. Introducing Sovereign Wealth Funds. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.25.

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Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) represent not only an increasingly prominent player in the alternative investor ecosystem, but also a novel mechanism through which governments may project their power, and serve geopolitical and strategic interests abroad. There is a body of existing literature that suggests that the directly observable political effects of SWF activity are very limited. However, the ability of national governments to dispense, withdraw or withhold capital represents an important dimension of soft power abroad, and there is considerable evidence that the indirect effects of SWF i

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James, Philip. Human biology and the urban environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.003.0011.

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Climate change and the rapid movement of people and goods over great distances are changing global disease patterns. Human health and well-being are also being adversely affected by the absence of biodiverse, vegetation-rich green spaces. The human body adapts poorly to urban life. The result is ill health. A typology of interactions (intentional, incidental, and indirect) between people and nature is set out. Similarly, benefits of contact with nature in terms of physiological, psychological, cognitive, and social factors. The emergent central mechanism linking urban environments to ill healt

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Davis, John B. Competing Conceptions of the Individual in Recent Economics. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0008.

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This article characterizes the Homo economicus conception in terms of three linked properties that are central to it as an atomist conception. On the standard view, individuals: have exogenous preferences; interact only (or almost only) in an indirect manner with one another through the price mechanism; and are unaffected in these two respects by the aggregate effects of their interaction with one another. The new research programs differ in how objectionable they find each of these properties, as befits their different commitments to synchronic or diachronic forms of explanation. Furthermore,

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Markussen, Thomas, Smriti Sharma, Saurabh Singhal, and Finn Tarp. Inequality, institutions, and cooperation. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/884-9.

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We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary cooperation, and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. This negative effect of inequality on cooperation is exace

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Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert, and McKendrick Ewan, eds. Part V International Dispute Resolution, 18 International Civil Procedure. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0019.

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The law of international civil procedure, in some systems treated as part of the conflict of laws (private international law), governs international disputes where the parties to a transaction did not for arbitration as dispute-resolution mechanism and where such disputes are dealt with in domestic courts. The principal issues are as follows. Which courts have jurisdiction? Are provisional and protective measures available? How are proceedings conducted in cases involving parties from different countries, in particular how are they served with documents and how is the taking of evidence organi

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Rosenfeld, Jake, and Jennifer Laird. Unions and Poverty. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.36.

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This article examines the ways that labor unions seek to curtail poverty by systematizing the available evidence both by geography and according to whether the research focuses on indirect or direct linkages between organized labor and poverty. Lobbying the government to maintain funding for an antipoverty program such as food stamps represents an indirect effect of unions on poverty. Fighting to expand health insurance coverage for the elderly and raising the minimum wage are other indirect pathways that unions have undertaken on behalf of the poor. This article first considers the influences

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Lambert, David G. Mechanisms and determinants of anaesthetic drug action. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0013.

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This chapter is broken into two main sections: a general description of the principles of ligand receptor interaction and a discussion of the main groups of ‘targets’; and explanation of some common pharmacological interactions in anaesthesia, critical care, and pain management. Agonists bind to and activate receptors while antagonists bind to receptors and block the effects of agonists. Antagonists can be competitive (most common) or non-competitive/irreversible. The main classes of drug target are enzymes, carriers, ion channels, and receptors with examples of anaesthetic relevance interacti

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Levendusky, Matthew. Partisan Media and Polarization: Challenges for Future Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.50.

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Four potential mechanisms explore the linkages between partian media outlets and attitudinal polarization, as well as discusses how such outlets cause polarization and influence American politics more generally: partisan media outlets can have direct effects on their audience, indirect effects on the broader population, effects on the news media, and effects on political elites. Some challenges and questions remain to be answered in each area in the hopes of spurring more, and broader, work on these media institutions.

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Levien, Michael. From Primitive Accumulation to Regimes of Dispossession. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.003.0003.

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In order to analyze land alienation in contemporary India, Shapan Adnan follows a theoretical approach in which mechanisms of primitive accumulation are not restricted to use of force, but include land transfer by agreement, as well as indirect mechanisms that are concerned with very different objectives. Reviewing evidence on land grabs, resistance, and workforce trends, he argues that primitive accumulation under neoliberal globalization has not been substantially followed by the absorption of the dispossessed in regular capitalist employment. Adnan puts forward a set of hypotheses to explai

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Colin, Bamford. 9 Credit Support in Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198722113.003.0009.

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This chapter brings together the numerous mechanisms and ideas that have the effect of supporting a payment obligation, in the sense that the use of one (or more) of these concepts makes it more likely that the obligation will be fulfilled. This objective can be achieved in a number of ways: a third party may accept liability alongside the obligor, as in the case of someone who assumes a joint liability; or the supporter may take a secondary role as a guarantor. The chapter then looks at the forms of support that are available on a commercial basis, in particular performance bonds and export c

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Couzigou, Irène. Enforcement of UN Security Council Resolutions and of ICJ Judgments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0022.

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This chapter outlines the different enforcement mechanisms of Security Council resolutions as well as of ICJ judgments. Overall, enforcement can take two forms: direct enforcement, when the content of the decision not implemented by the addressee is implemented by another actor; or indirect enforcement, when coercive measures are taken against the non-complying actor in order to compel compliance. The chapter first outlines how binding Security Council measures are enforced, before analysing the enforcement of ICJ judgments. It then examines the enforcement of Security Council resolutions and

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Danielson, Michael S. Migration and Subnational Politics in Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679972.003.0002.

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This chapter begins with a review of the literature on the relationship between migration and hometown democracy. Migration can affect the politics of sending places through both direct and indirect channels, and the nature of migrant impact has been found to both enhance and weaken democracy. Four hypothesized channels of migrant political influence are then identified. These include the “mode of engagement” (with whom do migrants form alliances?); “attitudes, behaviors, and ideologies” (how does migration experience change migrants?); representation (what kind of migrants engage?); and unint

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Bjørnskov, Christian. Social Trust and Economic Growth. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.24.

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This chapter provides a selective survey of the literature on the association between social trust and economic growth. The chapter is divided into two main sections. The first section outlines the main theoretical arguments for how social trust could affect the long-run growth rate and economic performance of an economy. These theoretical mechanisms can work both directly or indirectly by affecting institutions, factor accumulation, and the elasticity of substitution. An overview of a set of relevant theoretical mechanisms also reveals that some only affect growth under specific conditions. T

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Saha, Pradip K. Aluminum Extrusion Technology. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aet.9781627083362.

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Aluminum Extrusion Technology covers the theory and practice of extrusion and its application in the production of aluminum alloy parts. The first few chapters discuss the mechanics and thermodynamics of direct and indirect extrusion processes and the effect of key variables such as strain and strain rate, friction, pressure, flow stress, and temperature. Subsequent chapters explain how to implement and maintain industrial-scale aluminum extrusion processes. The chapters cover extrusion presses and equipment, tooling and die design, billet casting, and process control. They also provide inform

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Antonios, Tzanakopoulos. 4 Legal Acts, 4.5 Case T-315/01, Yassin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities, 21 September 2005, [2005] ECR II-3649 (Kadi I CFI); Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission , Court of Justice of the EC [2008] ECR I-6351 (Kadi I ECJ); Case T-85/09, Kadi v Commission [2010] ECR II-5177 (Kadi II GCEU); Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P, Commission and United Kingdom v Kadi , Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 July 2013 (Kadi II CJEU). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0023.

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This casenote reviews and discusses the series of decisions regarding sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council against Yassin Abdullah Kadi, as implemented in the EU legal order. In this series of cases, the EU Courts at different times take different positions regarding the relationship of the UN and the EU legal order, as well as their power to review EU acts implementing Security Council sanctions and (indirectly) the sanctions themselves. The series of cases marks a watershed moment in UN Security Council targeted sanctions, forcing EU member states to disobey them and eventually leadi

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Major, Brenda, Janet Tomiyama, and Jeffrey M. Hunger. The Negative and Bidirectional Effects of Weight Stigma on Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.27.

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This chapter introduces a model describing the mechanisms by which weight stigma can lead to poorer health outcomes among people who are or who perceive themselves to be overweight. It is proposed that enacted weight stigma (discrimination) directly impairs the health of heavier weight individuals by changing the social and material aspects of their lives in ways that are detrimental to health. It is also proposed that perceived weight stigma can lead to social identity threat, which in turn can indirectly impair health by increasing stress and negative emotions, physiological reactivity, calo

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Williams, Craig A., and Sébastien Ratel. Maximal-intensity exercise. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0008.

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Maximal intensity is any activity where the exercise-supplying metabolism demonstrates a higher anaerobic ATP yield than the oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Ethical considerations prevent muscle biopsy techniques in young people, resulting in indirect inferences about anaerobic metabolism during exercise being applied to mostly mechanically derived measurements. These measurements are largely based on cycle ergometry tests like the Wingate test. Compared to aerobic data, maximal-intensity data sets are infrequently published, female data across all age ranges are lacking, and application

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Horne, Cynthia M. Transitional Justice in Support of Democratization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793328.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 examines the conditions under which transitional justice affected democratic consolidation, a strong civil society, and low levels of corruption in the post-communist sphere. Lustration measures were robustly associated with democracy, with compulsory programs involving a punitive dimension having more noticeable effects than programs relying on symbolic shaming mechanisms. Wide and compulsory programs were similarly associated with more robust civil societies. However, there was evidence of a weak but negative relationship between truth commissions and democracy and civil society. M

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Acland, Charles R. Consumer Electronics and the Building of an Entertainment Infrastructure. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0011.

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This concluding chapter explores how Hollywood's “technological tentpoles”—films that strategically promote cross-media commodities and new generations of devices, platforms, and hardware—serve as vehicles for the advancement of a broader technological system. In light of this cross-media industrial circumstance, the highly visible, international, big-budget blockbuster production makes manifest the developing relationships among media forms. The blockbuster, in a time of expanding talk and exploitation of “long tail” microcultural economies, advances multiple products and devices at once, and

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Hooper, Virginia, and Bruce Lankford. Unintended Water Allocation. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.32.

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This chapter argues that two types of process affect the allocation of water between users. The first of these are a set of intentional strategies, which dominate the literature on water allocation. These include institutional allocating mechanisms and the purposeful appropriation of water. The second type of process is unintended and occurs through indirect action or inaction. Through this second type of process, people, sectors, and places nevertheless gain water share. Unintended allocation arises from within the ungoverned spaces and “wicked problems” of land and water transformations in t

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Reader, Jocelyn, Sarah Lynam, Amy Harper, Gautam Rao, Maya Matheny, and Dana M. Roque. Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immune Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0004.

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Ovarian adenocarcinoma is typified by detection at late stages with dissemination of cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity and frequent acquisition of chemoresistance. A number of studies show the importance of the tumor microenvironment and innate immune recognition in tumor progression. Ovarian cancer cells can regulate the composition of their stroma to promote the formation of ascitic fluid rich in cytokines and bioactive lipids such as PGE2, and to stimulate the differentiation of stromal cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In response, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated m

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Rose, David C. Family, Religion, Government, and Civilization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330720.003.0008.

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That chapter applies the framework to several topics of relevance to culture. It explains why the family is an especially important mechanism through which the transmission of trust-producing culture occurs. It also discusses how changes in technology have altered the returns parents expect to derive directly for themselves and indirectly for their children through the inculcation of trust-producing moral beliefs. It then explores the role played by organized religion, namely, how religion can speed the inculcation of trust-producing moral beliefs and therefore catalyze the emergence of mass f

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Werndl, Charlotte. Determinism and Indeterminism. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.11.

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This article focuses on three themes concerning determinism and indeterminism. The first is observational equivalence between deterministic and indeterministic models. The article discusses several results about observational equivalence and presents an argument on how to choose between deterministic and indeterministic models involving indirect evidence. The second is whether Newtonian physics is indeterministic. The article argues that the answer depends on what one takes Newtonian mechanics to be and highlights how contemporary debates on this issue differ from those in the nineteenth centu

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Lahouti, Arash H., and Lisa Christopher-Stine. Toxic myopathies. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0009.

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Toxic myopathy symptoms range from myalgia and muscle cramps to severe weakness, bearing similarities to a number of other muscle conditions. Thus, when evaluating patients with muscle symptoms, an iatrogenic muscle problem should always be considered, to be able to distinguish a toxic from any other myopathy early on, preventing further muscle damage and to potentially reverse muscle injury by withdrawal of the toxic agent. Various commonly prescribed medications, as well as illicit drugs, may cause muscle damage. These substances may cause muscle injury through direct myotoxic effects, or in

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Strecker, Amy. Landscape and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 critically analyses the relationship between landscape and human rights, particularly the normative developments made at the universal level. Given the increasing assertion of a ‘right to landscape’, the exact nature of the relationship between landscape and human rights merits further scrutiny. In addition, human rights mechanisms are increasingly being used as a means for indirectly protecting the natural and cultural environment. This is due, in part, to the absence of other judicial fora for challenging governmental decisions affecting public spaces. The chapter attempts to defin

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North, Jill. Physics, Structure, and Reality. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894106.001.0001.

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How do we figure out the nature of the world from a mathematically formulated physical theory? What do we infer about the world when a physical theory can be mathematically formulated in different ways? Physics, Structure, and Reality addresses these questions, questions that get to the heart of the project of interpreting physics—of figuring out what physics is telling us about the world. North argues that there is a certain notion of structure, implicit in physics and mathematics, that we should pay careful attention to, and that doing so sheds light on these questions concerning what physic

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Klinger, Eric, Ernst H. W. Koster, and Igor Marchetti. Spontaneous Thought and Goal Pursuit. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.24.

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Spontaneous thoughts occur by default in the interstices between directed, task-oriented thoughts or moments of perceptual scrutiny. Their contents are overwhelmingly related to thinkers’ current goals, either directly or indirectly via associative networks, including past and future goals. Their evocation is accompanied by emotional responses that vary widely in type, valence, and intensity. Given these properties of thought flow, spontaneous thoughts are highly adaptive as (1) reminders of the individual’s larger agenda of goals while occupied with pursuing any one of them, (2) promotion of

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Leisink, Peter, Lotte B. Andersen, Gene A. Brewer, Christian B. Jacobsen, Eva Knies, and Wouter Vandenabeele, eds. Managing for Public Service Performance. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893420.001.0001.

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How does management make a meaningful contribution to public service performance? This is the overall question of this volume. The sixteen chapters aim to clarify conceptual issues; critically reflect on assumptions underlying public management and public service performance understandings; theoretically explain direct and indirect relationships between management and performance; and outline a research agenda based on a review of the extant literature. In order to achieve these aims, this volume takes a multidisciplinary, critical, rigorous, and context-sensitive approach. The disciplines of

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Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecol

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Wilson, Andrew, and Alan Bowman, eds. Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.001.0001.

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This interdisciplinary volume presents nineteen chapters by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman Empire in the period c.100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the Empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological, and archaeolo

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Kudryavtseva, Tamara V., and Alla A. Strelnikova, eds. Russia – Germany: Literary Encounters (after 1945). A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0683-3.

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This book continues to introduce the reader to Russian-German literary relations in the 20th century. The results of the first stage of the research were presented in the collective work Russia — Germany: Literary Encounters (1918–1945) published by A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2017 with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant no. № 17-04-16003. The present study analyzes mutual influences, intersections, typological similarities, receptive projections and imagological concepts occurring at the borders of the cu

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Wilkinson, Adrian, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations discusses various arguments and schools of thought about employee participation; analyses the range of forms that participation can take in practice; and examines the way in which it meets objectives that are set for it, either by employers, trade unions, individual workers, or, indeed, the state. Employee participation encompasses the range of mechanisms used to involve the workforce in decisions at all levels of the organization whether direct or indirect conducted with employees or through their representatives. In its various guises, th

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Bargu, Banu, ed. Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450263.001.0001.

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Turkey’s democratic regime and its vicissitudes are dependent on a necropolitical undercurrent. This book presents a bold collection of essays that evaluate Turkey’s recent history from the perspective of the necropolitical underpinnings of its precarious democracy. Combining cutting edge research and a diverse range of approaches from multiple disciplines, including political theory, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, history, international relations, and gender and sexuality studies, the book examines the multiple ways in which lives are brought into the fold of power and analyses how they

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CARVALHO, Celso Almeida de, Kethi Cristina do Rosario Squecola ALEXANDRE, Fausto Rangel Castilho PADILHA, and Marcelo PESSOA. O uso de holdings e offshores. AKEDIA Editorial, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33726/instpszandakdedit24477656v897a82022p10a42.

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Holdings are companies that aim to participate in shares, through shares or quotas of other companies, in which they start to influence their management, controlling or managing the corporations to which they are associated. The working hypothesis here is that holdings can be used for asset shielding, as they are generally constituted to participate in business companies registered in tax havens, thereby obtaining various benefits, such as tax advantages, achieved via carrying out tax planning, tax avoidance and tax evasion. This article aims, therefore, to analyze the use of holdings and offs

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Clark, Caroline, Jeffrey Cole, Christine Winter, and Geoffrey Grammer. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0005.

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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often fail to resolve with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or integrative medicine treatments. Given these limitations, there is a continued push to discover treatment methods utilizing novel mechanisms of action. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a non-invasive and safe method of brain stimulation that modulates neuronal activity in a focal area to achieve excitation or inhibition, and may have utility for patients suffering from PTSD, although, to date, evidence of efficacy is limited. The TMS treatment can be varied to suit the

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Tanasoca, Ana. Deliberation Naturalized. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851479.001.0001.

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Democratic theory’s deliberative turn has hit a dead end. It is unable to find a good way to scale up its small-scale, formally organized deliberative mini-publics to include the entire community. Some turn to deliberative systems for a way out, but none have found a credible way to deliberatively involve the citizenry at large. Deliberation Naturalized offers an alternative way out—one we have been using all along. The key sites of democratic deliberation are everyday political conversations among people networked across the community. Informal networked deliberation is how all citizens delib

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