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Journal articles on the topic 'Indirect methods of economic policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

О.О., Зеленько. "ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПОЛІТИКА ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ДІЛОВУ АКТИВНІСТЬ В ЕКОНОМІЦІ УКРАЇНИ". ЗБІРНИК НАУКОВИХ ПРАЦЬ ХАРКІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ Г.С. СКОВОРОДИ "ЕКОНОМІКА", № 15 (19 липня 2015): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20706.

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The economic policy of the majority of the world states which felt influence of crisis 2008 is directed on improvement of conditions of doing business for the purpose of increasing business activity in national economy. Thus the developed western countries had opportunity to overcome the most negative consequences of crisis within several years. In turn, Ukraine, despite active state participation in economic life of society, shows essential reduction of business activity. Such situation makes actual researches of a question the application of economic policy and consequences of its influence

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Lee, Charlene, Annette Lam, Teresa Kangappaden, et al. "Systematic literature review of evidence in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 11, no. 6 (2022): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0261.

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Introduction: Treatment of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare disease with a <5-year lifespan, remains challenging. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to evaluate the current evidence base in AL amyloidosis. Methods: Literature searches on clinical, health-related quality of life, economic and resource use evidence were conducted using the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases as well as gray literature. Results: This SLR yielded 84 unique studies from: five randomized controlled trials; 54 observational studies; 12 health-related quality of life studies, none with uti

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Mikava, Nino, and Simon Gabritchidze. "ECONOMIC BURDEN AND POLICY GAPS IN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA: A HEALTH ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (2025): 220–35. https://doi.org/10.15837/aijes.v19i1.7154.

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) present a significant economic challenge for healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Georgia. Beyond the health sector, the escalating burden of NCDs has substantial macroeconomic implications, including long-term fiscal pressure on public healthcare budgets, diminished labor market productivity, and increased poverty due to out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures. Collectively, these effects can impede national development and economic growth potential. This study employs a health economics perspective to examine the direct an

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Martin, Amber L., Alessandra G. Reeves, Samantha E. Berger, et al. "Systematic review of societal costs associated with stroke, bleeding and monitoring in atrial fibrillation." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 8, no. 14 (2019): 1147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0089.

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Aim: Economic consequences associated with the rise in nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use on a societal level remain unclear. Materials & methods: Evidence from the past decade on the societal economic burden associated with stroke, bleeding and international normalized ratio monitoring in atrial fibrillation was collected and summarized through a systematic literature review. Results: There were 14 studies identified that reported indirect costs, which were highest among patients with hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. The contribution of indirect costs to the tot

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Polushin, Y. S., R. O. Dreval, and A. N. Zabotina. "Clinical and economic assessment of the therapy of acute kidney injury in sepsis with continuous combined methods of renal replacement therapy." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 18, no. 5 (2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2021-18-5-7-20.

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Objective: complex assessment of clinical and economic eﬀectiveness as well as saving of the state budget assets within the therapy of patients with sepsis/septic shock based on diﬀerent technologies of blood purification.Methods. Evaluation of direct and indirect costs of the eight blood purifcation methods. The target population includes adult patients 18+ with septic acute kidney injury. The study was conducted in compliance with acting Standards on Clinical Economic Studies used in the Russian Federation.The study methods included evaluation of existing randomized clinical studies and tria

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Christensen, Hannah, Hareth Al-Janabi, Pierre Levy, et al. "Economic evaluation of meningococcal vaccines: considerations for the future." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 2 (2019): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01129-z.

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AbstractIn 2018, a panel of health economics and meningococcal disease experts convened to review methodologies, frameworks, and decision-making processes for economic evaluations of vaccines, with a focus on evaluation of vaccines targeting invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The panel discussed vaccine evaluation methods across countries; IMD prevention benefits that are well quantified using current methods, not well quantified, or missing in current cost-effectiveness methodologies; and development of recommendations for future evaluation methods. Consensus was reached on a number of poi

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Borsch, Lyudmila, and Svetlana Gerasimova. "Performance Analysis of Regional Budgetary Policy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 1 (April 2021): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2021.1.7.

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The article examines the actual scientific and practical problem of budgetary regional policy, the formation and use of a consolidated budget as an effective mechanism for allocating the budget to the municipal territories of the region. The effectiveness of the regional budget policy is influenced by the monetary policy of the central bank, which performs an important function of managing the monetary sphere, using tools and methods that affect socio-economic development with the use of complex processes of influencing the processes of reproduction, which determines the relevance of this stud

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Xiang, Huali, Jun Yang, Xi Liu, and Jay Lee. "Balancing Population Distribution and Sustainable Economic Development in Yangtze River Economic Belt of China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123320.

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From a macro perspective, the inconsistency between population distribution and economic development reflects the lag of population mobility and, at the same time, widens regions’ economic disparity. China, as a socialist country, is very concerned with the regional disparities. Aiming at analyzing ways to reduce regional disparities and promote balanced and sustainable regional developments, this paper applies spatial analytical methods in econometrics, using the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as an example, to analyze the spatial inconsistency between the distribution of population and

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Sharma, Dr Aashutosh. "An Analytical Study of Tax Revenue Receipts in Chhattisgarh: Trends, Composition, and Implications for Fiscal Policy." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 09 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37553.

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This paper aims to examine the composition, trends, and patterns of tax revenue receipts in the state of Chhattisgarh over recent years. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study explores the role of tax revenues in state finance, focusing on direct and indirect taxes, tax buoyancy, and the efficiency of tax collection mechanisms. The study also delves into the implications of tax revenue performance on fiscal sustainability, development programs, and public welfare initiatives. By analyzing state budget documents, official reports, and comparative data from other

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Krieger, Nancy. "Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination." International Journal of Health Services 29, no. 2 (1999): 295–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m11w-vwxe-kqm9-g97q.

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Investigating effects of discrimination upon health requires clear concepts, methods, and measures. At issue are both economic consequences of discrimination and accumulated insults arising from everyday and at times violent experiences of being treated as a second-class citizen, at each and every economic level. Guidelines for epidemiologic investigations and other public health research on ways people embody racism, sexism, and other forms of social inequality, however, are not well defined, as research in this area is in its infancy. Employing an ecosocial framework, this article accordingl

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Orounla, Bissilimou Rachidatou, Ayédèguè Eustache Alaye, Kolawolé Valère Salako, Codjo Emile Agbangba, Justice Moses K. Aheto, and Romain Glèlè Kakaï. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Environmental and Socio-Economic Factors on COVID-19 in Africa Using Structural Equation Modeling." Stats 7, no. 3 (2024): 1051–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats7030062.

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Understanding direct and indirect relationships of environmental, socio-economic and climate variables and the dynamics of epidemics is key to guiding targeted public health policy and interventions. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of environmental and socio-economic factors on the COVID-19 dynamics in Africa (54 African countries from 2019 to 2021) using SEM approach. Specifically, the study aimed to: (i) assess the performance of two SEM estimation methods (Lisrel and PLS-SEM) in relationship to sample size (100, 200, 500, and 1000) and level of model complexity (No,

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Nevyantseva, Lilia. "Development and Testing of a Methodological Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Regional Investment Policy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 1 (March 2022): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2022.1.7.

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The level of development of the regional economic system in modern conditions significantly depends on the quality and elaboration of the implemented investment policy. In this paper, the author presents a comparative analysis of existing methodological programs dedicated to assessing the effectiveness of regional investment policy. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that most of the methodological approaches are based on such methods as comparing the growth rates of investments with the growth rates of the gross regional product, integral assessments, analysis of the quali

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Dr. Sangurah Ramari Mukhebi Robbert. "POLICY ENVIRONMENT AND GROWTH OF (WO)-MEN OWNED MSEs IN KENYA." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 5, no. 11 (2023): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v5i11.600.

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There is a growing discourse about a powerful untapped economic force in Kenya, the (wo)-men. The debate has triggered political pronouncements and the formulation of female-specific empowerment policies through entrepreneurship, which was the basis of this study. The study analyzed the influence of resource support on their MSEs’ growth. The study design was a Cross-sectional Survey, anchored on Resource-based Theory. It based on a Positivist Paradigm and applied a Quantitative Multi-method approach. Using multi-stage sampling, 375 adult female entrepreneurs participated in the study. Data wa

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Husain, T., Sarwani, Nardi Sunardi, and Lisdawati. "Firm's Value Prediction Based on Profitability Ratios and Dividend Policy." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 2 (2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i2.102.

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Purpose: This study aims to empirically prove the research framework regarding the Firm’s Value based on Profitability Ratios associated with Dividend Policy. The firm's Value is measured using a Price-to-Book Value (PBV) Approach. Methods: This study included a sample of 11 firms under the automotive and components sib sector listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. It included data for the period of 2014-2018. This study applied path analysis using the Sobel test of the direct and indirect effects using IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: The study finds that Profitability Ratios has no signi

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Bolgar, Oleg, and Liudmyla Bogush. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY REGISTRATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS USING BENCHMARKING METHODS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 4 (2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-4-35-42.

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The subject of the study is organizational and economic relations that arising in the application of market instruments of regulation of public services for the registration of rights. Methodology. The instrumental and methodological apparatus of the research is formed by the applied methods of economic analysis of the activities of organizations in the service sector, statistical methods, selective observation, the method of economic and mathematical modelling, grouping, generalization, expert assessments, methods of economic theory, marketing, etc. The aim of the article is to develop theore

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Taha, Reem Talal, Mohammed Qadoury Abed, Loai Alamro, and Aseel I. Muhsin. "Statistical Methods for Analyzing Economic Impacts of Climate Change." Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 5 (2024): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3913.

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Background: The economic consequences of climate change are deep and varied, affecting worldwide economies by changing agricultural output, health results, and infrastructure strength. Measuring these effects necessitates strong statistical techniques to offer precise and useful information. Objective: This article seeks to examine the financial repercussions of climate change through the use of sophisticated statistical techniques, addressing both the direct and indirect economic consequences. The study aims to pinpoint key economic sectors impacted and give numerical predictions of potential

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Zhichkin, Kirill, Anatoly Penkin, Vyacheslav Balashenko, and Lyudmila Zhichkina. "Comparative characteristics of world agricultural markets using contracting and state farm support development (Russian Agribusiness Case Study)." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700002.

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Theoretical and methodological aspects of direct and indirect methods of farm regulation are being discussed. One of the most important goals is regulation of the agro-industrial complex. The volume production was optimized under ecological and economic conditions of business development. All countries have been optimizing their farm policy to satisfy the requirements of the national internal standards. The state farm policy changes according to the requirements of the environmental sector of the business ecosystem. It also depends on marketing and distribution development taking an intermedia

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Oliukha, V. Н., and V. А. Shepeliuk. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL TAX TO INFLUENCE THE GREENING OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES." Economics and Law, no. 3 (September 26, 2023): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2023.03.041.

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The article is devoted to the research of the environmental tax as an indirect method of state influence on the activities of economic entities in order to achieve the environmental goals of sustainable development. It is proven that although the Economic Code of Ukraine does not directly provide for environmental policy as a component of state economic policy, the latter must be determined and conducted taking into account the environmental component. It is noted that the legal economic order includes the need for compliance with environmental norms by subjects of economic activity. One of th

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Ptak, Michał. "Directions of changes in the functioning of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland." Equilibrium 5, no. 2 (2010): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2010.030.

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Environmental policy instruments allow to incorporate the problem of using the natural resources into the decision-making process of individual agents. One of the most efficient instruments for environmental protection are economic instruments, the indirect methods of influence on agents’ behavior. The aim of the article is to present the state of the Polish system of economic instruments in the light of other European countries’ experiences (especially European Union countries) and perspectives in the use of economic instruments for environmental policy during the coming years. The study is b

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Juraszek, Paweł, Karolina Sobczyk, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, and Mateusz Grajek. "Analysis of Indirect Costs of Absence Associated with Mental Disorders on the Basis of Social Security Data (2012–2023)." Healthcare 12, no. 17 (2024): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171784.

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Background: Mental and behavioral disorders significantly impair psychophysical functioning, leading to challenges in daily activities. The increasing recognition of the importance of mental health in global development goals has resulted in its inclusion in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The burden of mental disorders has grown worldwide due to demographic changes, with substantial economic and social impacts. Objective: This study aimed to examine the indirect costs of mental disorders in Poland by analyzing the expenditures by the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) on wo

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Madatov, Oleg Yakovlevich. "Tax policy and gender equality: the impact of the fiscal system on women and men." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 1 (January 2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2025.1.73218.

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The author examines the impact of tax policy on gender equality, analyzing the differentiated impact of the fiscal system on women and men through the study of various tax instruments, such as direct and indirect taxes, family taxation mechanisms and the provision of tax benefits. The purpose of the study is to identify specific problems related to the unequal impact of tax instruments and to develop recommendations for improving the fiscal system that ensures equal economic opportunities for all citizens, regardless of gender. The subject of the study is the relationship between tax mechanism

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Sotnichenko, Оlena. "Current state of indirect taxation in Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-157-164.

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Relevance of the study. The issue of regulation of the country's economy caused by the simultaneous opening of the borders of Ukraine, liberalization of prices and the lack of a full-fledged system of regulation of commodity flows. It is this aspect, in our opinion, should be decisive when considering the modern indirect taxation as a tool for regulating the economy of Ukraine. Problem statement. The current economic situation in the country necessitates the filling of the budget, which can be done through taxation. It is indirect taxes that entirely burden the shoulders of buyers, because com

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Sajid, Muhammad Jawad, and Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez. "The Impact of Direct and Indirect COVID-19 Related Demand Shocks on Sectoral CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Major Asia Pacific Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169312.

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COVID-19’s demand shocks have a significant impact on global CO2 emissions. However, few studies have estimated the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on sectoral CO2 emissions and linkages. This study’s goal is to estimate the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on the CO2 emissions of the Asia-Pacific countries of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan (BCIIP). The study, based on the Asian Development Bank’s COVID-19 economic impact scenarios, estimated the impact of direct and indirect demand shocks on CO2 releases using input–output and hy

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Jashasya, Rout, and Rath Annie. "A Proposal for the Economic Valuation of Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha." Journal of Studies in Dynamics and Change -JSDC 7, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7793603.

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<em>In the paradigm of Economics, goods and services are divided into four broad categories: public goods, private goods, common property resources and club goods. Environmental goods belong to the category of common property resources, which are non-excludable but rival in nature. Given this unique nature of environmental goods and the fact that environmental goods possess both use and non-use values, the markets for these goods are usually imperfect. And so, the valuation of environmental assets is a rather complicated process in the ordinary market set-up that leads to determination of equi

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Oliinyk, Danylo. "The Concept of the Mechanism of Competitive State Policy at the Regional Level." State Formation, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-2337-2023-2-13.

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The mechanism of formation and implementation of competitive state policy at the regional level has been improved based on the generalization of a set of elements, namely: subject (public administration bodies); goal (effective protection of competition and development of a competitive environment to ensure sustainable economic development of the regional economy); means (system of antimonopoly legislation (AMZ), program documents, finances (benefits and preferences, etc.), information on the competitive environment); form (protective - mainly direct regulation; active - mainly indirect influe

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Загоруйко, И. Ю. "Tax security as one of the priority components of the economic security of the region." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 9(146) (January 22, 2023): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.146.9.067.

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Известно, что в государственном финансовом регулировании применяют методы как прямого, так и косвенного воздействия. Среди косвенных методов можно выделить государственное воздействие на сферу налогообложения. В рыночной экономике налоги - это один из важнейших рычагов государственного влияния на экономические процессы посредством финансового наполнения бюджетов различных уровней для реализации жизнеобеспечивающих функций государства. Без соответствующего и необходимого уровня налоговых поступлений немыслима и не представляется возможной реализация задач государства в долгосрочной перспективе

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Voskanyan, Mariam A., and Hripsime K. Gabrielyan. "Assessment of the Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Armenia." Research Result. Economic Research 10, no. 4 (2024): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.18413/2409-1634-2024-10-4-0-1.

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Relevance. In today's global economy, effective macroeconomic regulation is more important than ever. It can help the economy recover from crises and grow in the long term. This is especially important for developing economies, which are most vulnerable in a turbulent global economy. Purpose of the study. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of monetary policy on economic growth in Armenia, encompassing both the indirect and direct impact of specific monetary instruments on economic activity. The study's methodological foundation was a comprehensive examination of theoretic

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Zhuk, Valerii, Yuliia Bezdushna, Nataliia Zhuk, and Olena Hryschenko. "POLICY FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND COMPENSATION OF DAMAGES FROM THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE." Academy Review 2, no. 63 (2025): 104–21. https://doi.org/10.32342/3041-2137-2025-2-63-7.

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The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has led to significant destruction and economic losses, which must be compensated. The creation of transparent and fair compensation mechanisms is critically important for the restoration of economic stability and the development of Ukraine. A clear and well-developed policy for assessing and indemnifying damages is essential for the effective operation of the compensation mechanism. The article analyzes the main initiatives of the international community and Ukraine regarding the system for recording, assessing, and indemnifyin

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Kuchumov, A. V., I. Yu Bogdanov,, and P. Y. Eremicheva. "FEATURES OF STATE REGULATION IN TOURISM." ECONOMIC VECTOR 1, no. 40 (2025): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-2025-1-40-30-35.

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The article examines the specifics of state regulation of the tourism sector, including methods and areas of state support for the tourism complex. The authors highlight both direct and indirect methods of regulation, emphasizing their impact on the economic sector and related industries. The emphasis is also placed on the importance of state regulation for ensuring sustainable tourism development and the role of public-private partnerships (PPP) in this process. The work formulates the general goals of state tourism policy, such as ensuring tourism growth in the sector, planning the spatial d

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Parra Paitan, Claudia, and Peter Verburg. "Methods to Assess the Impacts and Indirect Land Use Change Caused by Telecoupled Agricultural Supply Chains: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041162.

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The increasing international trade of agricultural products has contributed to a larger diversity of food at low prices and represents an important economic value. However, such trade can also cause social, environmental and economic impacts beyond the limits of the countries directly involved in the exchange. Agricultural systems are telecoupled because the impacts caused by trade can generate important feedback loops, spillovers, rebound effects, time lags and non-linearities across multiple geographical and temporal scales that make these impacts more difficult to identify and mitigate. We

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Kim, Heesun, and Eun-Jung Kim. "The Socio-Economic Cost of Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Using National Health Insurance Claim Data, 2017." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091601.

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(1) Purpose: As the economy develops and lifestyles become more westernized, diabetes is on the rise in Korea. This study tried to measure the socio-economic cost of diabetes by estimating the direct medical expenses and indirect costs used in Korea during the year due to diabetes mellitus. (2) Methods: This study extracted the insurance claim records from the Korea National Health Insurance claim database to determine the healthcare services provided to patients with diabetes mellitus in 2017. The total diabetes mellitus-related cost was the sum of the direct medical care costs: the costs pai

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Chugunov, Igor, Valentina Makohon, and Tetniana Krykun. "FISCAL POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL BUDGET ARCHITECTONICS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-197-203.

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The purpose of the article is to study the role of fiscal policy in the context of the development of institutional budget architectonics aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability, boosting economic growth, strengthening human potential, improving public welfare and defining approaches to its formation in advanced and transition economies. Comparative and factor methods make it possible to cover the peculiarities of institutional environment of the formation of fiscal policy in EU countries and Ukraine in the context of the development of the institutional budget architectonics and to identify

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Il'in, Sergey, Gamlet Ostaev, and Igor' Gogolev. "MANAGEMENT AND INTENSIFICATION OF PUBLIC FINANCE." Russian Journal of Management 10, no. 3 (2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2022-10-3-36-40.

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The article includes material on the toolkit for assessing the intensification of the cost indicators of the activities of public entities, developed by the authors to identify the quality of public finance management, serving for state and municipal authorities as a measure of the financial benefits necessary to provide the population with a decent standard of living and social stability of society, residing in a particular country. It is a system of methods built through the interaction of general and particular direct and indirect indicators (change in the result (income) depending on the d

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Green, D., G. Ducorroy, E. McElnea, et al. "The Cost of Blindness in the Republic of Ireland 2010–2020." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4691276.

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Aims. To estimate the prevalence of blindness in the Republic of Ireland and the associated financial and total economic cost between 2010 and 2020.Methods. Estimates for the prevalence of blindness in the Republic of Ireland were based on blindness registration data from the National Council for the Blind of Ireland. Estimates for the financial and total economic cost of blindness were based on the sum of direct and indirect healthcare and nonhealthcare costs.Results. We estimate that there were 12,995 blind individuals in Ireland in 2010 and in 2020 there will be 17,997. We estimate that the

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Korporowicz, Violetta. "Ekonomia środowiska - współczesna nauka z tradycjami." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, no. 1 (2003): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.21.

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The fact that problems of environmental degradation and its protection are getting more important is caused among others by limitation in management efficiency. It forces us to look at economic processes with consideration of the output of such disciplines that say how one shall manage in a situation of limited natural resources. This discipline is without any doubt environmental protection. This science indicates methods and economic instruments that can be applied in economic practice necessary in environmental protection. It deals also with problems related to economic researches of implica

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Oleksandr, Horbunov. "Budget management as a component of the system of state regulation of the economy." ECONOMICS: time realities 2, no. 36 (2018): 96–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1414292.

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The article is devoted to the study of the place and role of budgetary management in the system of state regulation of the economy. On the basis of scientific understanding of the essence of the concept of "state regulation of the economy", the classification of its models, methods and tools, it is substantiated that the leading place in the system of indirect (economic) methods of state regulation of the economy belongs to fiscal policy. It is determined that the formation and implementation of fiscal policy takes place through the organization and implementation of the budget proce

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Fadhil Abbas Kadhim, Hussein Abd Shanan Hashim. "The Impact of Monetary Policy on The Performance of The Iraq Stock Exchange for The Period (2006-2023)." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 33s (2025): 562–71. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i33s.5565.

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The research aims to analyze the impact of monetary policy on the performance indicators of the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) for the period (2006-2023) through direct or indirect channels, through the interaction between economic and financial policies in monitoring developments in the Iraq Stock Exchange. Therefore, investors and financial analysts in the Iraq Stock Exchange must understand the relationship between macroeconomic policies, represented by monetary policy, and stock market performance, and view monetary policy as a policy with a significant impact on the functioning of the financia

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Kantipudi, Suvarna Jyothi, Stanley Vinoth, Suganya S, and Jayakumar Menon. "Economic burden in patients with dementia attending a geriatric care clinic in Chennai: A cost of illness study." Indian Journal of Mental Health and Neurosciences 7, no. 1 (2024): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.54646/ijmhns.2024.03.

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Background: Dementia is one of the major causes of dependency and disability among the elderly. With an increase in life expectancy, the burden of dementia is also on the rise especially in countries like India. There are economic concerns to the family as health expenses are majorly borne by them. There are few cost of illness studies for dementia from low- and middle-income countries. Our study aims to estimate the burden of costs of dementia in patients attending a geriatric clinic in a private hospital setting. Methods: This retrospective observational study assessed the economic burden of

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A., Dinesh T., Prem Nair, V. Abhijath, Vidya Jha, and K. Aarthy. "Economics of cancer care: A community-based cross-sectional study in Kerala, India." South Asian Journal of Cancer 09, no. 01 (2020): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_382_18.

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Abstract Bacground: The estimated incidence of cancer cases in Kerala for 2014 was 31,400 and the mortality associated with it was 13,816. Although the treatment of cancer has shown remarkable advances, it has come with increasing costs. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the economic burden of cancer in Vypin Block Panchayat at Ernakulam by analyzing the average total direct and indirect cost of cancer care, socioeconomic status, and cost of cancer care between government and private hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months from M

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Dzhambazova, Elizabet, Kostadin Kostadinov, Lilia Tsenkova-Toncheva, et al. "The Socio-Economic Burden of Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Cost-of-Illness Study in Bulgaria." Healthcare 13, no. 4 (2025): 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13040401.

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Background/Objectives: The objective of our study was to quantify the annual costs, from a societal perspective, encompassing direct health care costs, direct non-health care costs, and labor productivity losses associated with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients in Bulgaria and their caregivers. Methods: We applied a prevalence-based, bottom-up costing methodology to assess the socio-economic burden of SMA from a societal perspective. We evaluated and summed up all costs for health services (diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and rehabilitation), educational and social services, and formal a

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Dorofeev, M. L. "Theoretical Aspects of Government Financial Regulation: Clarification of Concepts, Classification of Forms, Methods and Instruments." Management Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022x-2025-15-2-87-101.

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The relevance of this study stems from significant changes in the role of the state in addressing crises, which have occurred with increasing frequency since 2008 — the year of the global financial and economic crisis — particularly in the Russian Federation. The variety of definitions for the term “government financial regulation” found in both domestic and foreign sources has led to a number of theoretical contradictions, hindering the development of this field of study. The aim of this paper is to refine the definition of the concept and to develop a classification of its forms, methods, an

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Abbas, Kalbe, and Muhammad Ali Qasim. "An Analysis of Monetary Policy in Controlling the Monetary Assets in Pakistan: A Money Multiplier Approach (1971-72 to 1989-90)." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (1993): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1043-1054.

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Besides fiscal policy, monetary policy is designed to attain sustained economic growth and to contain inflation within manageable limits. Usually monetary policy is pursued through variations in money supply in accordance with the requirement of output level and employment on one hand and price stability on the other. In Pakistan monetary policy is formulated to control total monetary assets keeping in view the projected growth rate of GDP, monetisation of the economy and the likely surplus or deficit in the country's international account. Once the safe limit of total monetary assets is deter

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Popov, V. V. "METHODOLOGY OF ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 2 (2025): 52–63. https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2025-2-52.

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The study outlines the author’s approach to conducting an economic and statistical analysis of the state of the country’s economic security by considering, as a key position of this assessment, the main directions of state policy in the field of economic security. The developed methodology is based on the grouping of indicators in the above areas, data normalization and dynamics assessment based on the graphical method (petal diagrams). Currently, the vast majority of methods are aimed at assessing the economic security indicators themselves, established by Decree of the President of the Russi

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Pratama, Auliya Yudha. "Application of Small Area Estimation for Estimation of Sub-District Level Poverty in Bengkulu Province: Comparison of Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP) and Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) Methods." Journal of Statistics and Data Science 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsds.v3i1.30367.

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Poverty is an important problem facing the world. Various ways are done to eradicate poverty. In planning poverty alleviation, policy makers need detailed information down to the smallest area level that can be produced. Currently, the demand for estimation at the small area level is increasing, while the success of estimation using the indirect method in reducing the Relative Standard Error (RSE) is very dependent on data conditions and the selection of the right method. This study aims to compare the results of estimating the percentage of poor people using direct estimates with indirect est

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MELNIKOVA, T.V. "Monetary policy of the state: coordination of goals and tools for its implementation." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №12(247)2021 144 (February 15, 2022): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6089868.

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The subject of research – the monetary policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the concept of monetary policy based on the analysis of approaches to its interpretation and key objectives. Research methodology – methods of abstraction and generalization (when systematizing the objectives of monetary policy of the state); method of terminological analysis (in substantiation of key aspects of interpretation of the concept of monetary policy of the state). Results – it is substantiated that the determining role of monetary policy in ensuring t

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Rojas Mattos, Marcelo. "Economic Burden of Tuberculosis for Patients and their Households in Cochabamba, Bolivia." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23574.

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Background: Patients with tuberculosis usually incur large costs directly related to their disease. Additional indirect costs also increase the economic burden of households creating barriers of access and adherence. Because TB affects the poorest segment of society the effects can be more serious for poor people. Indirect costs are poorly documented in Bolivia. We therefore conducted a study to determine the socioeconomic impact of TB on patients and their households. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 2017 in Cochabamba, Bolivia, included all patients who were on TB t

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Shkvarchuk, L., and R. Slav`yuk. "PRIVATE DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR UKRAINE." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, no. 1 (2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.01.112.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the effects on economic activity of a pure temporary change in private debt and the relationship between the debt multiplier and the level of economic growth in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the authors used the function of exponential growth for determining the GDP sensibility to the debt movements. There are also using the Granger approach for determining the direction of the relation between private debt and GPD. Rather than testing whether private debt causes GDP, the Granger causality has tested whether private de

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Babashamsi, Peyman, Shabir Hussain Khahro, Hend Ali Omar, et al. "A Comparative Study of Probabilistic and Deterministic Methods for the Direct and Indirect Costs in Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Airport Pavements." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (2022): 3819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073819.

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Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of the world economy. Airports spend huge sums annually to maintain and improve pavement functions by expanding the runways, taxiways, and aprons, and perform routine maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavements. Besides the traditional direct costs, a comprehensive airport pavement management system should also consider indirect costs such as fuel, crew, passenger delay, aircraft maintenance, and loss of airport revenue when conducting a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Engineers, managers

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Silva-Paredes, Gustavo, Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido, Miguel Inca-Martinez, Danielle Rabinowitz, and Mario R. Cornejo-Olivas. "Economic burden of Huntington’s disease in Peru." BMC Health Services Research 19, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4806-6.

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Abstract Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive disability, and over time to total dependence. The economic impact of HD on patients living in developing countries like Peru is still unknown. This study aims to estimate the economic burden by estimating direct and indirect costs of Huntington’s disease in Peru, as well as the proportion of direct costs borne by patients and their families. Methods Disease-cost cross-sectional study where 97 participants and their primary caregivers were interviewed using a common que

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Cicin, Irfan, Ergun Oksuz, Nuri Karadurmus, et al. "Economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey: a cost of illness study from payer perspective." Health Economics Review 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13561-021-00322-2.

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Abstract Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from payer perspective based on expert panel opinion on practice patterns in clinical practice. Methods In this cost of illness study, direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations/interventions, drug treatment, adverse events and metastasis. Indirect cost was calculated based on lost productivity due to early retirement, morbidity and premature death resulting from the illness, the value of lost productivity

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