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Journal articles on the topic 'Indirect speech'
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1
IKEDA, Shinichi. "INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 39, no. 2 (1991): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.39.2_228.
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Simpson, Jane. "Direct and indirect speech." Journal of Pragmatics 13, no. 1 (February 1989): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(89)90113-6.
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Dalimunte, Muhammad, and Maryati Salmiah. "Students’ Ability at Changing Direct into Indirect Speech and Indirect into Direct Speech." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i2.249.
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Reported speech is one of difficult topics in learning English grammar, especially in changing the form from direct into indirect or reverse. Descriptive quantitative was used to find out the students’ ability in changing direct into indirect speech and reverse. There were five sentences that were changed by the students for two kinds of test. First, the test consisted of five direct sentences and the second, it consisted five indirect sentences. As the conclusion of the students’ answers, the students found difficulties in changing those two kinds of sentences.
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Ahmed, Samara, and Hiyam Yousif Mahmoud. "A Pragmatic Study of Indirect Warning in Boris Johnson's Speeches on COVID 19." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 29, no. 9, 2 (September 30, 2022): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.9.2.2022.25.
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This study investigates how the prime minster of the United Kingdom employs language to express indirect warning in his speeches in order to warn his citizens to avoid corona virus infections , It aims to detect the act of warning embedded in his rhetoric through linguistic manipulation, and its impact on the audience so, the study aims the following Therefore, it hypothesizes the following:
1-The speech act of warning is constructed by the declarative sentences more than the other forms in Johnson's speeches.
2- Felicity Conditions are perfectly applied on the selected speeches.
3-Indirect warning is more currently occurred than direct one.
4-The hint strategy is more frequently occurred in the selected data than the conditional one as an indirect warning strategy.
Speech Act Theory deals with the meaning of language use which is stated in terms of how the speaker manipulates the utterance to make the hearers infer the intended meaning. So, the data analysis will be dealt pragmatically. Therefore ,the study will try to answer the following questions:
1-Indirect warning has certain basic strategies to deal with. So, the study will concentrate on these strategies.
2-Does indirect Speech Act be more frequently used than direct one?
3-which strategy is more frequently used in expressing the indirect warning?
The study arrives at these conclusions: (1) All the hypotheses have been approved, (2) He never uses the questioning strategy as indirect one in the whole speeches, (3) He employs the indirect speech act of warning more than the direct one in order to force the audience to infer his intended meanings when he delivers his speeches, and (4) The speech act of warning in Johnson's speeches is used to direct people either to do beneficial action or avoid doing bad actions.
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Richard, Mark. "Semantic Theory and Indirect Speech." Mind and Language 13, no. 4 (December 1998): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00097.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "The puzzle of indirect speech." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 11 (September 2011): 2861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.05.003.
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Cappelen, Herman, and Ernie Lepore. "Semantic Theory and Indirect Speech." ProtoSociology 10 (1997): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology1997101.
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Pinker, S., M. A. Nowak, and J. J. Lee. "The logic of indirect speech." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 3 (January 16, 2008): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707192105.
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Elita, Radhia. "Strategi Menyampaikan Keinginan Kalam Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Hairyo Hyougen." JURNAL ARBITRER 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.1.1.75-87.2013.
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In interaction, there must be some variations occur due to the variation of social status or age. This might be brought about by situation and condition in communication process. For example is when delivering the desires to ask for time or to ask for dating. Offering tea is one strategy to exprees the desire in Japanesse culture. Indirect speech act commonly well-known as indirect culture (kansetsusei) is a kind of distinctive way of Japanesee people. This indirect speech act is also called kansetsuteki hatsuwa koui. The indirect speach act in airyo hyougen is a strategy used to save interlocutor's face.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "The importance of being indirect." New Perspectives on Utterance Interpretation and Implicit Contents 28 (November 28, 2014): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.28.03ter.
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Standard accounts of indirect speech share two assumptions: that indirect speech always has a direct alternative, and that it is strategic. I survey a number of cases that challenge one or both of these assumptions and propose a new nomenclature for indirect speech that crucially includes, in addition to cases where indirect speech is strategic, cases where it is ‘enabling.’ The enabling potential of indirect speech lies in allowing us to give voice to thoughts or experiences that may be possible to express propositionally only in part. In such cases, the speaker does not start off with a direct alternative in mind but rather uses speech to invite the hearer to help her develop an inchoate thought. Including these cases under the same scheme allows us to consider ways other than recognition of the speaker’s intention in which indirect meanings may arise, such as through shared experience and the interlocutors’ habitus. The proposed nomenclature thus yields a multi-faceted view of indirect speech that goes beyond its current, formally driven, understanding.
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Karina, Karina, and Wesley Kuandinata. "《西游记女儿国》电影中使用的言语行为分析 PENGGUNAAN TINDAK TUTUR PADA FILM THE MONKEY KING 3." Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35529/jllte.v4i1.21-35.
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The study aims to describe the types of illocutionary speech acts and social factors of illocutionary speech acts in the film The Monkey King 3. Using qualitative descriptive research design and source of the data is the movie The Monkey King 3. Using documentation technique and the data analysis technique used consists of three stages, namely: data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions and induction techniques. Based on the results of data analysis are 22 illocutionary speech acts on love-topic communication and 14 illocutionary speech acts on hate-topic communication. The types of direct illocutionary speech acts in communication with the topic of love are 18 direct speeches and 4 indirect speech acts. Meanwhile, the types of indirect illocutionary speech acts in hate-topic communication are 12 indirect utterances and 2 indirect utterances. Factors that influence the use of speech acts in communication with the topic of love in the film The Monkey King 3 are the participant factors of 3 utterances; background factor 3 utterances; topic factor 8 utterances; function factor 8 utterances. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the use of speech acts in hate-topic communication in the film The Monkey King 3 are the participant factors of 5 utterances; background factor 1 speech; topic factor 2 speech; function factor 6 speech. Key Words: Pragmatics, Speech Acts, Social Factor, Love-Hate, The Monkey King 3
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Alekseeva, O. A. "Lexical and Grammatical Aspects of Direct and Indirect Speech in Turkish News Language." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 5 (2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.5.9-25.
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The lexical and grammatical aspects of direct and indirect speech in the Turkish news language were considered based on the materials from trustworthy Turkish online media, from which more than a hundred sentences containing direct and/or indirect speech were selected and analyzed. The following ways of introducing indirect speech were identified: predicate of indirect speech takes the form of verb noun -mA; predicate of indirect speech takes the forms -DIğI/-AcAğI; indirect speech is introduced as an extended participial phrase with semi-predicative meaning expressed by the participle of the present and past tense -An formed from verb of saying. Direct speech is formed: with the word diye; with the pronouns şu and şöyle; with a noun which forms a one-affix izafet (indefinite nominal compound) with direct speech and a verb. Combinations of direct and indirect speech in one sentence were as follows: indirect speech is formed with extended participial phrase expressing semi-predicative meaning, direct speech is formed with the word diye or nominal compound; indirect speech is in form of extended adverbial participial phrase with participle -ArAk, direct speech is formed with the word diye or nominal compound; indirect speech is in form of extended participial phrase expressing semi-predicative meaning, direct speech is formed with the pronouns şu and şöyle; indirect speech is in form of extended adverbial participial phrase with participle -ArAk, direct speech is formed with the pronouns şu and şöyle. The most frequent speech verbs were identified and classified into different lexical and semantic groups. They were analyzed in the context of co-occurrence with the verb noun -mA and the forms -DIğI/-AcAğI.
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Torchynska, Nataliia. "Verbalization of indirect speech in the epistolary discourse of Lesya Ukrainka." Philological Review, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.2.2021.246093.
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The article deals with the specifics of constructions with indirect speech in the epistolary of Lesya Ukrainka in terms of the structure of syntactic units and semantics of introductory verb tokens. In addition, attention is drawn to the syncretism of constructions with indirect speech, due to the peculiarities of the epistolary style. In the process of expressing opinions, Lesia Ukrainka used various forms of transmission of another’s speech, including indirect speech and its peripheral version – free indirect speech, the design and structure of which differs from indirect.
Compound sentences with an explanatory part and complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, representing homogeneous subordination or consecutive subordination, are quantitatively predominant in constructions with indirect speech. Sentences-microtexts, built on the schemes «text – the author’s words – indirect speech», «text – the author’s words – indirect speech – text», «author’s words – indirect speech – text» are the next group. Sentences with double indirect speech, where the thoughts of one speaker, which testified by introductory verbs, or two speakers, or sometimes several, are highlighted separately. Indirect speech in letters is introduced using verbs of speech and thinking or their equivalents. Among the neutral verbatives-introductory words that represent live speech, the most productive are the tokens to speak, to think, to write, and among the implicit introductions – to be afraid and to hear. In addition, a number of implicit tokens that introduce indirect speech into the epistolary are highlighted. Thus, the epistolary style, although it has a number of common features with colloquial and artistic speech, but in the field of representation stands out among others with a bright set of linguistic means.
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Nguyen Thu, Hanh. "Indirect speech act trach (reproach) in Vietnamese." Journal of Science Social Science 65, no. 8 (August 2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2020-0056.
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A speech act may be used in the direct or indirect form depending on the speaker's goal and intention. Indirect speech acts can be flexibly used according to user's intentions. Some indirect speech acts are more polite than the direct ones. These are the advantages of indirect speech acts. Indirect implementation of each speech act has its own way, expressing its own meaning and values. It is also different from other speech acts, so it needs to be studied to be able to assess accurately. This study investigated 647 Vietnamese trach speech acts, including 448 indirect speech acts trach, which was found from three data sources: literary works, daily notetaking conversations, and school-lessons recording conversations. On that basis the indirect speech acts trach are classified, indicated indirect types, as well as their effects and meanings in expressing the content of trach and the attitude of user. The results of this study are expected to contribute practically to the study of Vietnamese speech acts. The data source for research and learning and are useful suggestions that can be applied in communication of the community.
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Maric, Biljana. "Indirect speech in Serbian and Russian." Juznoslovenski filolog 72, no. 1-2 (2016): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1602127m.
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The paper discusses syntactic constructions with indirect speech in Serbian and Russian and the models of representing somebody else`s speech with those constructions in both languages. Contrastive analysis shows that Russian models with indirect speech are more tightly related to modality (objective modality in the use of the conjunction ctoby, and subjective modality by the possibility of using the conjunction budto).
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Meibauer, Jörg. "What is an indirect speech act?" Pragmatics and its Interfaces as related to the Expression of Intention 26, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19009.mei.
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Abstract The notion of an indirect speech act is at the very heart of cognitive pragmatics, yet, after nearly 50 years of orthodox (Searlean) speech act theory, it remains largely unclear how this notion can be explicated in a proper way. In recent years, two debates about indirect speech acts have stood out. First, a debate about the Searlean idea that indirect speech acts constitute a simultaneous realization of a secondary and a primary act. Second, a debate about the reasons for the use of indirect speech acts, in particular about whether this reason is to be seen in strategic advantages and/or observation of politeness demands. In these debates, the original pragmatic conception of sentence types as indicators of illocutionary force seems to have been getting lost. Here, I go back to the seemingly outdated “literal force hypothesis” (see Levinson 1983: 263–264) and point out how it is still relevant for cognitive pragmatics.
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Oktadistio, Fyngky, Mazrul Aziz, and Zahrida . "AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS PERFORMED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE REVENANT SCRIPT." Journal of English Education and Teaching 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.2.1.59-67.
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This Research Entitled “An Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Speech Acts Performed By Main Character In The Movie Revenant Script”. This research was a descriptive analysis that discusses direct and indirect speech acts in movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ In analyzing the script, there was used theory by Yule (1996).The data in this research based on main characters’ utterances. The purpose of this analysis was to find out the types, and functions of speech act whether it is direct speech act or indirect speech act in the movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ From the analysis, it was found that both direct speech acts and indirect speech acts are used by main characters in this movie. The most dominant type of speech act used in the movie script was direct speech act (13 utterances) and then followed by indirect speech act (9 utterances). The direct speech act was classified again into declarative type (2 utterances) imperative type (5 utterances) and interrogative type (6 utterances). Indirect speech acts were also classified again into declarative type (8 utterances) and Interrogative (1 utterance). For the functions, direct speech acts are classified into the statement (2 utterances), order/request (5 utterances), and the last function of the question (6 utterances). Indirect speech act also classified into question (9 utterances), and no functions of statement and order. Based on the result, the researcher found that Felicity Conditions and genre were the factors affected main characters in producing direct speech acts more than indirect speech acts.
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Alimova, A. D. "Evolution of Free Indirect Speech Structures in English, American, and Russian Literature." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 163, no. 1 (2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2021.1.53-64.
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Changes that free indirect speech underwent in English, American, and Russian literature during the 20th century were investigated. Both general and more specific (qualitative and quantitative) trends in the free indirect speech development were discussed. Free indirect speech was considered from a diachronic point of view, i.e., the study aims to identify a correlation between the patterns that could be relevant for literary translation from English into Russian and vice versa. Based on the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of free indirect speech contexts, it was demonstrated that free indirect speech has evolved. A notable increase in the degree of textual interference and in the variety of models employed was observed. Interestingly, the frequency of occurrence of free indirect speech structures in literary texts varies from decade to decade. Although there are some common trends in free indirect speech usage following the global tendencies in literature, its evolution depends on particular national literary traditions as well. The data obtained show that the most intense usage of free indirect speech segments is typical for the English literature. From the translation perspective, it is important that the general frequency and functional models of indirect speech usage can slightly differ even in texts of the same period or among the writers.
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Nuruev, Tynybek Ekkebaevich, and Uyalhan Nurmamatovna Kamardinova. "INDIRECT SPEECH IN AN ARTISTIC STYLE." Bulletin of Osh State University 2, no. 4 (2021): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52754/16947452_2021_2_4_1048.
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Liu, Xiaojuan. "Free Indirect Speech in Northanger Abbey." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1004.10.
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The thesis mainly analyzes the Free Indirect Speech in Austen’s novel Northanger Abbey (Volume 2). When Austen describes Catherine’s feeling for Henry Tilney, it is difficult for us to distinguish the subjective consciousness of the narrator from the character. Their calm and objective tone is prone to arouse the resonance with the readers. Authorial narrator sometimes appears to explain the fate of Catherine. When Austen describes Catherine’s expedition to Northanger Abbey, the character has more prominent subjective consciousness, and readers can distance themselves from the character and examine Catherine’s ridiculous and irrational behavior and feel the ironic effects. The thesis points out that Austen used this technique to portray Catherine, who was able to deal with her feeling for Henry reasonably, however, was influenced greatly by the Gothic novels at that time, and could not handle the relationship between reality and fiction very well.
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Svečko, Rajko, Bojan Kotnik, Amor Chowdhury, and Zdenko Mezgec. "GSM Speech Coder Indirect Identification Algorithm." Informatica 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 575–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/informatica.2010.306.
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Shibata, Midori, Hiroaki Itoh, Koji Shimada, and Jun-ichi Abe. "Neuroanatomical bases of indirect speech comprehension." Neuroscience Research 68 (January 2010): e409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1813.
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Masia, Viviana. "A sociobiological account of indirect speech." Interaction Studies 18, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.18.1.07mas.
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Indirect speech is a remarkable trait of human communication. The present paper tackles the sociobiological underpinnings of communicative indirectness discussing both socio-interactional and cognitive rationales behind its manifestation in discourse. From a social perspective, the use of indirect forms in interactions can be regarded as an adaptive response to the epistemic implications of transacted new information in small primary groups, representing – in Givón’s terms – our “bio-cultural” descent. The design features of indirect strategies today may therefore be explained in terms of a form-function mapping in which indirect communicative expressions allowed a “safer” transaction of contents and a more cooperative attitude of speakers in both face-to-face and public contexts of communication. The unchallengeability effects notably induced by underencoded meanings have now received extensive experimental backing, unveiling intriguing underlying cognitive mechanisms such as the well-known cognitive illusions or fallacies.
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Slater, B. H. "Prior and Cresswell on indirect speech." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 67, no. 1 (March 1989): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408912343661.
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Lee, Lee. "Indirect speech in modern female prose." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 7 (330) (2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2019-7(330)-76-85.
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Read, Stephen. "Paradox, Closure and Indirect Speech Reports." Logica Universalis 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2015): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-014-0115-3.
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Prokofiev, G. L. "IRONY AS AN INDIRECT SPEECH ACT." Scientific notes of V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University", Series: "Philology. Journalism 1, no. 4 (2022): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2710-4656/2022.4.1/30.
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McGowan, Mary Kate, Shan Shan Tam, and Margaret Hall. "“On Indirect Speech Acts and Linguistic Communication: A Response to Bertolet”." Philosophy 84, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819109990088.
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AbstractSuppose a diner says, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ Although her utterance is literally a question (about the physical abilities of the addressee), most would take it as a request (that the addressee pass the salt). In such a case, the request is performed indirectly by way of directly asking a question. Accordingly this utterance is known as an indirect speech act. On the standard account of such speech acts, a single utterance constitutes two distinct speech acts. On this account then, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ is both a question and a request. In a provocative essay, Rod Bertolet argues that there are no indirect speech acts. According to Bertolet, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ is only a question. It is a question that merely functions as a request (without also being one). In this paper we respond to Bertolet's skeptical argument. Appealing to Searle's theory of speech acts and to certain features of linguistic communication, we argue that, despite Bertolet's challenge, there is good reason to countenance indirect speech acts.
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Pinker, Steven. "Indirect speech, politeness, deniability, and relationship negotiation: Comment on Marina Terkourafi's “The Puzzle of Indirect Speech”." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 11 (September 2011): 2866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.05.005.
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Al-Ameedi, Riyadh T. K., and Sadiq M. K. Al Shamiri. "Biblical Evaluative Discourse of Speech and Thought Presentation." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 10, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p223.
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The study aims to highlight the evaluative strategies associated with the Biblical modes of speech and thought presentation. An eclectic pragma-stylistic model of analysis is developed to test the validity of the hypotheses that the targeted modes of discourse are almost always internally and/or externally evaluated by the narrator, and that the reportive modes of speech and thought are evaluative in respect to the quotative modes. The study arrived to the conclusion that different modes of speech and thought are exploited in building narrative genres. These modes form two interrelated types of discourse: quotative and reportive. Four modes contribute to the occurrence of the quotative discourse which are direct speech, free direct speech, direct thought, and free direct thought. The reportive discourse occurs when using one of the reportive modes which include indirect speech, free indirect speech, narrative report of speech act, narrator’s representation of voice, indirect thought, free indirect thought, narrative report of thought act, and internal narration. When employed in the targeted Biblical discourse, the quotative and reportive modes are often evaluated by the Biblical narrator. Evaluations of this kind implicate additional meanings and affect reader’s interpretation of the represented speeches or thoughts. The Biblical reportive modes are often evaluative in respect to the quotative ones. The Biblical narrator’s internal, external, and interactional evaluative strategies contribute to the occurrence of the Biblical evaluative discourse of speech and thought presentation.
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SCHEYDER, ELIZABETH. "Responses to indirect speech acts in a chat room." English Today 20, no. 2 (March 29, 2004): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404002093.
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THIS STUDY compares responses to indirect speech acts in a chat room with responses in a telephone conversation. In this instance, the chat room serves as a meeting place for members of a recent undergraduate university course and the telephone conversations are taken from a study done by Clark in 1979. Indirect speech acts are those that have a literal meaning (e.g., ‘Do you have a dollar?’ – the surface question is a request for information) as well as an indirect meaning (in this case, a request for money). Responses can consist of (1) just the answer to the surface question, (2) that answer plus the information indirectly requested, (3) only the information indirectly requested, or (4) some other form of response. The percentage of each type of response was compared in the two forms of communication. Clark found that the majority of responses consisted of only the information requested, and as predicted, the typed environment of the chat room yielded an even greater majority of this simplified form of response.
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Clapp, Lenny. "The rhetorical relations approach to indirect speech acts." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.02cla.
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Asher and Lascarides (2003) maintain that speech act types, the sorts of linguistic actions described and categorized, most influentially, by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969, 1979) are rhetorical relations. This relational account of speech acts is problematic for two reasons: Despite Asher and Lascarides (2001) ingenious appeal to dot type speech acts, the relational account is incompatible with the widespread phenomenon of indirect speech; only some speech acts are plausibly identified with rhetorical relations. These problems can be solved if a distinction between two kinds of speech act is recognized: Discourse-structuring speech acts are performed upon utterances and thus are plausibly identified with rhetorical relations, while non-discourse-structuring speech acts are performed upon conversational participants and thus are not plausibly identified with such relations. The typologies for these two kinds of speech acts cut across one another, and this suggests a promising approach to the phenomenon of indirect speech acts.
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Sabrian, Rahmadani. "Women’s Speech In A State of Anger: A Neuropragmatic Study." JURNAL ARBITRER 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.6.1.15-27.2019.
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This research aims to describe and to translate the emotional prosody patterns through Praat program and also to describe types of speech acts used by female characters in an emotional state in the film ‘7 Hati 7 Cinta 7 Wanita’. Emotional prosody of speech is analyzed by using the Praat program, which is then classified into types of particular speech acts. The emotional prosody patterns can be seen in the melodic accent and the temporal accent. In the melodic accent, speech that uses declarative and interrogative mode makes the tone flow increased, and the speech that uses imperative mode makes the tone flow decreased. In the temporal accent, the speeches with the longest and the shortest anger emotions are the ones that use declarative mode. Next, the woman character is known to use four types of speech act when getting angry, which are; literal direct speech act, non-literal direct speech act, literal indirect speech act, non-literal indirect speech act.
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Torchynska, Nataliia, and Mykhailo Torchynskyi. "Structural-grammatical and semantic features of the functioning of indirect speech in orthodox prayers." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2022.257954.
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Linguistic features of different confessional style genres have always aroused the scientists’ interest. One of the most common genres in the confessional style is the prayer, which has a communicative-pragmatic orientation formed due to its structure and several language devices, including elements of indirect speech, introduced into the prayer discourse. The relevance of the topic of the article resulted from the prayer interpretation as a representant of the endophase (internal) speech of the religious, which has a monological-dialogical structure and mostly is expressed through imperative constructions. The object of the article is 458 Orthodox prayers (9.1 pages). The purpose of the article is to substantiate the basis for interpreting prayers as examples of indirect speech and to characterize the constructions that represent direct, indirect, and free direct speech of the recipient, which are directed to higher forces. The purpose implies the realization of implementing a set of tasks: 1) to define the prayer as an indirect speech representant; 2) to analyze the types of sentences with indirect speech, detected in the prayer discourse; 3) to characterize the introductory elements, which illustrate indirect speech in prayers. The analysis of Orthodox prayers confirmed the hypothesis about qualification its as examples of indirect speech, since in such structure imperative, interrogative and exclamation sentences are actively functioning. They often include direct (55 fixations), indirect (128) and free direct (177) speech, and especially a significant number of vocal constructions. In the author’s words or parts of complex sentences related to them verbs of speech predominate (благати, вигукнути, відповісти, говорити, казати, обіцяти, промовляти, просити, співати etc.), thinking and cognition (бажати, думати, забути, знати, зрозуміти, пам’ятати), perception (вислухати, чути) and especially those related to the religious sphere (благословляти, вірувати, молити, присягати, сповідувати). The study of thedevices of transmitting indirect speech in other sub-styles of confessional style deserves attention in the future. It will allow to form a holistic picture of the reproductive features of our language. Keywords: confessional style, genre, prayer, indirect speech, direct speech, free direct speech, imperative, exclamatory, interrogative sentences.
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Frafika Sari, Ima. "Indirect Speech Act of Spongebob Squarepants the Movie." International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) 1, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijeal.v1i3.1220.
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Direct and indirect speech acts are the two types of speech acts. This study aims to know how indirect speech acts are employed in the movie "SpongeBob SquarePants." It employs descriptive qualitative research to explain the main character's speech act types. There is currently a scarcity of studies examining speech act types in cartoon or animation films; yet, it is necessary. According to this study, the result of this article is: first, there are seventy-four discussions of indirect speech acts obtained from all characters in the movie SpongeBob SquarePants. Each dialogue in the film SpongeBob SquarePants can be deduced to reveal the meaning of indirect speech acts. Second, The reader can use the domain analysis indirect speech acts summary to help them understand each dialogue in this movie that has a different meaning. This stage permitted the main characters to say literal things to the listener. The main character did not make a difficult-to-understand statement to the listener. This research looks at Yule's theory's utterances of indirect speech activities. As a result, the outcome differed from the prior study, despite the same issue.
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Fadilah, Taufan, and Isli Iriani Indiah Pane. "INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN TOBA DREAM MOVIE." LINGUISTICA 8, no. 4 (February 8, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v8i4.17036.
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This study focused on indirect speech act used by the main characters in Toba Dream movie. The objectives of the study were to: (1) find out the types of indirect speech acts used in Toba Dream movie, and (2) describe how types of indirect speech acts used in Toba Dream movie. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were all utterances uttered by the main character in Toba Dream movie and collected by watching the movie. The result of the study showed that there were four types of indirect speech acts found in Toba Dream movie, they were: representative, directive, commisive, expressive containing indirect speech acts in Toba dream Movie. Representative (25,71%) were realized by interrogative sentences and imperative sentences. Directive (21,43%) were realized by declarative sentences and interrogative sentences. Commisive (14,28%) were realized by declarative sentences. The main characters in Toba dream movie dominated the use of indirect speech act to express statement, command and warning. It showed that they could produce the language more politely and keep the hearer’s face while getting instruction or information indirectly.Keywords: indirect speech act, movie pragmatic, Toba Dream
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Kormiltseva, Alevtina Leonidovna, and Olga Pavlovna Puchinina. "Character features of uttered free indirect speech by the example of Marina Tsvetaeva’s prose and letters." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-B (December 24, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-b605p.137-142.
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The purpose of this work is to identify the character features of the uttered free indirect speech in the prose works of Marina Tsvetaeva (stories, novels and letters) and to analyze its functioning in the author’s text field. The object of the study requires: 1) to review the scientific literature on the problem of free indirect speech, 2) to select and analyze factual material from the stories, novels and letters of M. I. Tsvetaeva, illustrating the theoretical positions put forward in the work. Based on the structural and semantic classification proposed by the Belorussian linguist E.Ya. Kus’ko, the authors of the article describe the distinctive features of various types of uttered free indirect speech: thematic speech, hidden speech, speech in the speech, collective speech, and quotation speech. It is concluded that the latter type of uttered free indirect speech finds the greatest application in the prose texts of the outstanding Russian poet of the twentieth century, whereas M. I. Tsvetaeva resorts to uttered free indirect speech very rarely, which is due to the specifics of the poet's idiostyle.
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Kormiltseva, Alevtina Leonidovna, and Olga Pavlovna Puchinina. "Character features of uttered free indirect speech by the example of Marina Tsvetaeva’s prose and letters." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-B (December 24, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-b605p.143-148.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to identify the character features of the uttered free indirect speech in the prose works of Marina Tsvetaeva (stories, novels and letters) and to analyze its functioning in the author’s text field. The object of the study requires: 1) to review the scientific literature on the problem of free indirect speech, 2) to select and analyze factual material from the stories, novels and letters of M. I. Tsvetaeva, illustrating the theoretical positions put forward in the work. Based on the structural and semantic classification proposed by the Belorussian linguist E.Ya. Kus’ko, the authors of the article describe the distinctive features of various types of uttered free indirect speech: thematic speech, hidden speech, speech in the speech, collective speech, and quotation speech. It is concluded that the latter type of uttered free indirect speech finds the greatest application in the prose texts of the outstanding Russian poet of the twentieth century, whereas M. I. Tsvetaeva resorts to uttered free indirect speech very rarely, which is due to the specifics of the poet's idiostyle.
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Ibraheem, Samir Jamal. "Utilization Of The Direct And Indirect Speech Act Of Assertion By The Sentence Types." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 216, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v216i1.583.
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Tackling any text, e.g. political one, without pragmatic theory constitutes a real problem in the communicative act. the need to shed light on distinctive rules concerning the speech act of assertion is crucial. So this study is concerned with how to establish a model of expressing the speech act of assertion, whether direct or indirect, by using the sentence types of declarative, interrogative, or imperative sentences. Since this utilization highly overlaps with other speech acts as command, obligation, permission, ability, etc. Therefore, this research attempts to answer the following questions:
1- Can this study formulate a model for analysing the speech act of assertion, and on which bases it can be established?
2- How to formulate Felicity conditions for the speech act of assertion?
3- Whether speech act of assertion can be successfully applied to political speeches?
4- Which sentence type can typically express the direct speech act of assertion?
5- Could other sentence types indicate the speech act of assertion?
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Mulyana, Lanjar, and Engliana Engliana. "DIRECT AND INDIRECT ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS ON DONALD TRUMP’S VICTORY SPEECH IN 2016." INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/inference.v4i1.6850.
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<p dir="ltr">This research analyzes direct and indirect illocutionary speech acts on Donald Trump’s 2016 victory speech. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research focuses on utterances to analyze the types of illocutionary acts and how they are delivered in speech, directly or indirectly. The results of this study are: (1) there are five types of illocutionary speech acts found in the speech, namely commissive 24%, directive 9.3%, representative 17.3%, expressive 24.6%, and expressive 24.6% and declaration 22.7%. The research findings show that the dominant illocutionary act is an expressive action that is 24.6%. (2) Donald Trump delivers the speech that is mainly conveyed directly</p>
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Ma, Maoxiang, and Yingxia Li. "Multidimensional Interpretation of Speech Indirectness." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n1p133.
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<p>Indirect speech is a universal phenomenon of human language communication. Out of courtesy or some other social conventions, people convey their intentions not always in a straightforward manner, but often by implication, expressing subtle implication politely. Thus, the proper interpretation and understanding of indirect speech is vital to our success of communication. This paper reviews the predecessors’ interpretation from the Anglo-American tradition of pragmatic theory, relevance theory, adaptation theory to other linguistic perspectives with a brief comment on those dimensions, and at the same time, it tries to explore a comprehensive interpretation approach to indirect speech, in order to enrich the mechanism of indirect speech interpretation, and help with successful communication.</p>
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Skvortsova, E. B., and A. I. Bochkarev. "Basic Strategies for Indirect Reduced Apology in English." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-113-126.
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Attention is paid to the methods of implementing direct and indirect speech acts of apology. It is shown that the use of an indirect speech act of apology along with a direct speech act of apology is typical of the English language. It is noted that the tendency toward the use of stable expressions observed in the English language allows us to analyze the implementation of the indirect speech act of apology with the help of linguistic corps by requesting clichéd expressions used instead of standard speech apology formulas. The description of the methods of formation of indirect speech acts is given. The conditions necessary for the implementation of these speech acts are indicated. The authors dwell on a detailed study of such a method of forming an indirect speech act of apology as reduction, since this method is the main one for an indirect apology. An overview of the main strategies for reduced apology in the English language is given. The analysis of the implementation of these strategies, which can be used individually or combined with each other depending on the context, is performed. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a detailed description of the realizations of the reduced speech act of apology based on the material of linguistic corps is given.
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Muntiningsih, Ratna. "Indirect Speech Act in Judy Christenberry's Novel the Cowboy's Secret Son: A Pragmatic Analysis." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v1i1.1601.
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This paper presents the core of a descriptive theory of Indirect Speech acts, i.e. utterances used by the speaker to the hearer based on the three types of felicity conditions such as content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition. The data examples takes from the English novel "The Cowboy's Secret Son" contains some of indirect speech act utterances that are included to the pragmatic study. The researcher explains and analyzes every utterance based on the theory of Yule (1996), Searle (1976, 1975), Austin (1962), Mey (1993), Bach and Harmish (1979), and Levinson (1983). The result of the research is founded that the speaker uses indirect speech act is to convey the request to the hearer to do something in the future. Moreover they use indirect speech act which has two meanings such as literal meaning and non-literal meaning or indirect meaning. In other words, they use indirect speech act to avoid the hearer to get upset, feel bad, angry and for politeness. And, generally they use indirect speech act because they have recognized the matters they are uttering.
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Juanda, Juanda. "INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS OF QUESTIONING IN GONE GIRL MOVIE SCRIPT: A STUDY OF PRAGMATICS." Apollo Project: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Sastra Inggris 7, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/apollo.v7i2.2097.
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The research entitled “Indirect Speech Acts of Questioning in Gone Girl Movie Script: A Study of Pragmatics” analyses kinds of speech acts that is used to convey question. However, this research only focuses on indirect speech acts that speaker used to convey their question. In the research, the writer uses the theory of Speech acts and speech event in Pragmatics and The Study of Language written by George Yule (1996, 2010). Yule reveals that based on the relationship between grammatical structure and the communicative function, sentence can be direct and indirect. Moreover, it also influences by context where the conversation takes place. The research uses descriptive method. The writer collected the data found in Gone Girl movie script and then analyzed the sentences that has a function to make question. After doing the analyses, it can be concluded that to convey their questions, people do not only use interrogative sentence, but also declarative sentence. This is called as indirect speech acts. Indirect speech acts happens when there is an indirect relationship between grammatical structure and its communicative function.
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Nikitina, Tatiana, and Anna Bugaeva. "Logophoric speech is not indirect: towards a syntactic approach to reported speech constructions." Linguistics 59, no. 3 (April 21, 2021): 609–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0067.
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Abstract The distinction between direct and indirect speech has long been known not to reflect the crosslinguistic diversity of speech reporting strategies. Yet prominent typological approaches remain firmly grounded in that traditional distinction and look to place language-specific strategies on a universal continuum, treating them as deviations from the “direct” and “indirect” ideals. We argue that despite their methodological attractiveness, continuum approaches do not provide a solid basis for crosslinguistic comparison. We aim to present an alternative by exploring the syntax of logophoric speech, which has been commonly treated in the literature as representative of “semi-direct” discourse. Based on data from two unrelated languages, Wan (Mande) and Ainu (isolate), we show that certain varieties of logophoric speech share a number of syntactic properties with direct speech, and none with indirect speech. Many of the properties of indirect speech that are traditionally described in terms of perspective follow from its syntactically subordinate status. Constructions involving direct and logophoric speech, on the other hand, belong to a separate, universal type of structure. Our findings suggest that the alleged direct/indirect continuum conflates two independent aspects of speech reporting: the syntactic configuration in which the report is integrated, and language-specific meaning of indexical elements.
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García Núñez, José María. "Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports." Linguistics 59, no. 6 (October 8, 2021): 1531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0162.
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Abstract This article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.
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Anwari, Anwari. "Speech Act Analysis of Madurese Wedding Ceremony in Kalidandan Village, Pakuniran, Probolinggo." Journal of Pragmatics Research 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v2i2.113-126.
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Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of language. This study aims to describe kinds of speech acts especially locutionary act, illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act of Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency. The results of this study showed that the illocutionary act of the Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency has various kinds of speech act, 1) direct speech act; 2) indirect speech act; 3) literal speech act; 4) non-literal speech act; 5) direct literal speech act; 6) indirect literal speech act; 7) direct non-literal speech act, and 8) indirect non-literal speech act.Keywords: Speech act, Kinds of speech act, and Madurese
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Нестерова and T. Nesterova. "Indirect Speech Acts in the Russians’ Everyday Communication." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 6 (December 15, 2013): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1893.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomena of indirect communication (namely contextual-situational
indirect speech acts) which are typical for the situations of the Russians’
everyday communication: situations of addressing, attention attracting;
acquaintance; greeting; farewell; congratulation; wish; gratitude; apology;
request; consent, permission; disagreement, objection, refusal; invitation;
offer; council; consolation, sympathy, condolence; compliment, approval,
praise have been described in this paper. Direct and conventional indirect
speech acts, realizing the aforementioned intensions, have been specified
from the speech etiquette point of view. The system research of indirect,
contextual-situational oblique speech acts in the given situations of communication has not been practically carried out.
Considering the cooperativity zone (zone of communicators’ benevolent relations), the author has picked out and described the main types of contextual-situational indirect speech acts (including hints and manipulation; syncretic and transposed forms), demonstrated their combinatory peculiarities
in the structure of indirect speech genres. Creation of typology related to
contextual- situational indirect speech acts (as well as other phenomena of
indirect communication) in cooperative situations of the Russians’ everyday
communication makes a certain contribution to the development of indirect
communication theory and has also a culturological value.
The use of given research results can be valuable both for further study of
everyday converse, cross-cultural communication, speech genres, speech
etiquette and in practical activities of teachers who are taking up the problems of communication and language teaching (including Russian as a foreign language). The ability related to indirect realization of communicative
meanings, their operation and correct decoding promotes effective com-
munication and is necessary for comprehension and interpretation of texts
from fiction and publicistic literature, as well as for translation activities.
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Savelyev, Victor S. "Indirect Speech Acts in the Speech of the Characters of the Tale of Bygone Years." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.8.
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The article states that communication in Old Russian as well as in modern Russian discourse is characterized by the use of mono-functional and poly-functional indirect speech acts. Moreover, the important aspect that helps to specify the illocutive functions of indirect speech acts in Old Russian is their verifiability: the verbal or non-verbal response of the interlocutor as well as the frame constructions, which introduce direct speech (preposition). These constructions are also used in the middle of the utterance (interposition) or at the end of the utterance (postposition). The author of the chronicles observes the communicative purposes of both the speaker and the interlocutor, indicating that the given utterance should be regarded as an indirect speech act. By analyzing the use of mono-functional indirect speech acts in the original dialogue fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author works out their typology. The groups of interrogative and non-interrogative indirect speech acts have been singled out, each of them having certain typical characteristics. The semantics of non-interrogative utterances in most cases is connected with the expression of indirect meanings of time and aspect of verbal forms. The use of interrogative utterances as indirect speech acts is mostly connected with the changes not only in the illocutive function, but also in the propositional meaning of the predicative unit: interrogative utterances with negations should be interpreted as affirmative non-interrogative utterances and vice versa. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of modern mono-functional indirect speech acts is traditional, since it is identical to their functioning in Old Russian.
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Kovacevic, Maja. "Speech, Thought and Writing Representation Modes in Jane Austenʼs Novel Sense and Sensibility." Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 22, no. 22 (December 30, 2020): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil2022116k.
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Bakhtin’s views (1980:127-130) on the importance of studying speech representation and its interaction with authorial context incited prolific research in various disciplines. The research presented in this paper is based on Bakhtin’s crucial claims about speech representation, and on the theoretical framework of linguistic stylistics (Kovačević 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015; Katnić-Bakaršić 2001) and representology (Kovačević 2015:253-254). The aim of this paper is twofold—to identify the types of speech, thought and writing representation employed in the novel Sense and Sensibility and to describe their interaction with the authorial context. The method applied is‘word by word’ analysis, where in the first stage the modes of speech, thought and writing representation are identified; in the next stage their interaction with authorial context is described. The modes of speech are classified and differentiated by combining the classifications of representation modes in Serbian and English (Leech and Short 2007; Semino and Short 2004; Kovačević 2013). The results of the analysis prove that Jane Austen employs the following modes to repоrt speech, thought and writing: indirect speech/thought/writing, narrator’s report of speech act/ thought act/writing act, expressive indirect speech/thought, free indirect speech/thought, direct speech (monologue, dialogue, polylogue), free direct speech, line of dialogue, fragmental quote, hypothetical speech, direct thought, free direct thought, direct writing, embedded speech/thought. Predominantly, the line of interaction between authorial speech and direct speech involves the former being parenthetically embedded into foregrounded direct speech, amalgamating with the free indirect thought/speech or having as an attachment a ”package” of different embedded modes of speech/thought/writing representation. Primarily indirect thought, free indirect thought, direct thought, and free direct thought are the modes employed to characterise Elinor Dashwood, while on the other side the modes of direct speech, free direct speech, free indirect speech and direct writing combined with numerous mimetic markers prevail in depicting her sister Marianne. It is through the stylistically effective transitions between these modes and their interaction with the authorial context that the total antithetical effect regarding the sense and sensibility principles is obtained on the syntactic-stylistic level.