To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Individual analysi.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individual analysi'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Individual analysi.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Praud, D. "STATISTICAL METHODS TO ANALYZE CONTINUOUS RISK VARIABLES IN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA META-ANALYSES: APPLICATION ON A STUDY ON TOBACCO SMOKING AND GASTRIC CANCER RISK IN A CONSORTIUM OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES (THE STOMACH POOLING (STOP) PROJECT)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/344315.
Full textAbstract:
Gastric cancer represents the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death over both sexes worldwide, with almost 1 million cases and over 700 000 deaths estimated in 2012. The presence of Helicobacter Pylori is a key determinant of gastric cancer. However, other factors, including familial, genetic, environmental and social characteristics appear to also have a role in the etiology of this disease. Tobacco smoking has been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality from many diseases and for gastric cancer. Various epidemiologic consortia have been established on several cancers but not yet on gastric cancer. A pooled-analysis of worldwide case-control studies may allow to investigate indebt gastric cancer etiology. Particularly, this large dataset will allow us to better investigate life style characteristics including tobacco smoking, in relation to gastric cancer. The Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project is an international epidemiological consortium. The inclusion criteria for study participation are: a case-control study design (including nested case-control analyses derived from cohort study) and an inclusion of at least 80 cases of gastric cancer (including both cardia and non-cardia location). The aim of my project is to conduct a pooled analysis on data from already available international studies, on the role of tobacco smoking in the etiology of gastric cancer in particular, the number of cigarettes per day and the duration of smoking, using adequate statistical approaches.
During the first year of the PhD program, my project was focused on the two-stage analysis. This method is used to analyze meta-analysis and could be applicable in a case of pooled case-control analysis. The first step of the method consists in calculate adjusted study-specific odds ratios (OR) in order to overcome differences across studies in terms of design or population. The second step consists in summarize these study-specific risks using meta-analytic methods which take into account the heterogeneity across studies. During my second year of PhD program, I studied various statistical methods regarding the analysis of non-linear continuous variables. In addition to transform continuous variables in category, I considered more flexible approaches including fractional polynomials. During my third year of PhD program, I focused my research on a way to adapt these latest methods to the analysis of pooled case-control studies. In particular I chose to use factional polynomials in a two-stage method due to their simple interpretation and also because their estimates can be easily pooled through a two-stage analysis.
The first step analysis is to perform a fractional polynomial for each study. For each value of the power term (or couple of power terms for the second-order fractional polynomials), the second stage of the model is performed. The pooled dose-response relationship is estimated according to a bivariate random-effects model. The estimate of the trend components could be obtained using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) or maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. The second-stage model is fitted to the data considering each combination of the power terms. The best model, denoted by the optimal power combination is defined as the one minimizing the deviance or the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), a penalized likelihood which takes into account the number of parameter.
We analyzed data on 21 studies including 10,040 cases and 25,602 controls. To investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and gastric cancer risk, we first used a classical method, building categories of smokers 1) in terms of quantity; “never smokers”, “<10 cigarettes per day”, “Between 11 to 20 cigarettes per day”, “>20 cigarettes per day” and 2) in terms of smoking duration; “never smokers”, “<10 year of smoking”, “Between 11 and 30 years of smoking”, “>30 years of smoking”. We analyzed these variable with a two-stage method. This risk significantly increase with the number of cigarettes per day to reach an OR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.06-1.57 )for smokers of more than 20 cigarettes and, with duration to reach an OR of 1.32 (95% CI 1.17-1.49) for smokers smoking for more than 30 years compared to never smokers. These effects of increasing risk are confirmed by different statistical models of analysis including linear model and fractional polynomials, considering the number of cigarettes per day and the duration as a continuous variable.
Results from our analysis confirm that there is an association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk. This risk increases with the number of cigarettes and the duration of smoking. These effects of increasing risk are confirmed by different statistical models of analysis including linear models and fractional polynomials, considering the number of cigarettes per day and the duration as continuous variables.
To our knowledge this is the first study using fractional polynomials through a two-stage random effect methods for pooled case-control studies. Through this method we were able to take into account study-specific adjustment variables and heterogeneity across studies thanks to mixed effect modeling. Categorization has the advantage of a simple epidemiologic interpretation and presentation result. However it assumes that the relationship between the risk of disease and the exposure is flat within intervals and also that there is a discontinuity in response when a category cutpoint is crossed, which is unlikely realistic. Considering exposure variables may avoid these limitations. The relationship between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk may be discerned from the categorical analysis, but the analysis of the variable in continuous through polynomials brought additional information in particular to understand the possible threshold and possible changes in slopes.
2
Tufail, Muhammad Aammar. "Use of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria to alleviate the effects of individual and combined abiotic stresses on plants as an innovative approach to discover new delivery strategies for bacterial bio-stimulants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/305571.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial endophytes are the organisms that live inside the plant for a full or a part of their life cycle. Endophytic bacteria have captured the interest of agriculture industry due to their plant beneficial properties, such as synthesis of phytohormones, solubilization of soil nutrients, and alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have reported that stress tolerant endophytic bacteria can work with a similar performance as non-stressed conditions when inoculated to the plants under stressed conditions. Combination of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and low nitrogen stress can have additive or agonistic effects on bacterial and plant growth, and their interactions. However, very few studies have reported the impact of combined stress on endophytic bacterial assisted plant growth promotion. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of endophytic bacterial assisted plant’s tolerance abiotic stresses may provide the means of better exploiting the beneficial abilities of endophytic bacteria in agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the stress tolerance mechanisms, beneficial characteristics, and plant growth promotion characteristics of endophytic bacteria under individual and combined abiotic stresses. Transcriptome analysis of endophytic bacteria revealed that tolerance mechanisms to deal with one kind of stress is different than concurrent stresses. Salinity and drought stress largely modulated the genes involved in flagellar assembly and membrane transport, showing reduced motility under stress conditions to preserve the energy. Additionally, bacterial endophyte that can fix nitrogen was studied with maize plant growth promotion under drought and low nitrogen stress conditions. The results suggested that diazotrophic bacterial endophyte can promote plant growth under moderate individual and combined stress conditions. Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria can be utilized as an efficient tool to increase crop production under individual and concurrent abiotic stresses.
3
Abdullah, Saman. "Analysis of individual feminine cycle hormone profiles for assessment of luteal defect." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1144.
Full textAbstract:
Les niveaux hormonaux peuvent varier grandement entre cycles menstruels et entre femmes aux cycles dits « normaux ». Outre les niveaux quotidiens, ces profils présentent une grande diversité d’amplitudes, de durées, de positions et de formes. Ces constats ont ravivé l'intérêt pour l'étude des profils individuels plutôt que généraux. En effet, les profils de la littérature sont des moyennes dont peuvent s’éloigner plusieurs profils individuels ; d’où la nécessité de descriptions plus précises.Dans cette thèse, nous explorons la diversité des profils hormonaux au cours de la phase lutéale du cycle et présentons un concept original pour caractériser la plupart des ondes hormonales avec quatre paramètres seulement. Cela a été obtenu via une distribution bêta-binomiale. De plus, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de régression où le profil hormonal est variable dépendante et une variété de variables binaires ou continues sont prédicteurs.La méthode a été appliquée pour décrire les profils hormonaux de la phase lutéale et a donné des résultats intéressants. Un continuum allant de la phase lutéale normale à la déficience lutéale serait plus approprié qu’une classification binaire (normale/anormale). Les données analysées ont montré qu’un petit follicule a un impact négatif sur la qualité de la phase lutéale et qu’un niveau élevé de PDG perivulatoire (i.e., une lutéinisation prématurée) semble préjudiciable à la phase lutéale. Un niveau de PDG lutéale normal puis faible est probablement un signe d'anomalie de la phase lutéale. De plus, au cours de la phase lutéale, divers profils de métabolites de la progestérone sont corrélés avec plusieurs caractéristiques des femmes et du cycle<br>Even in normally cycling women, hormone levels vary widely between cycles and between women. Beyond day-by-day levels, hormone profiles do display a great variety of heights, durations, locations, and shapes. These observations have renewed the interest in the assessment of individual rather than general hormone profiles. Actually, as reported by the literature, cycle hormone profiles are averages of many individual profiles but individual profiles may be far from matching these averages. This raises the need for sharper descriptions.In this thesis, we explore the diversity of hormonal profiles observed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and present an original concept to characterize most hormone waves using only four parameters. This was obtained via a beta-binomial distribution. Moreover, we propose a new regression model that considers the hormonal profile as dependent variable and a variety of binary or continuous variables as predictors.We applied the method to describe hormone profiles during the luteal phase and obtained interesting results. Instead of a binary classification (normal/abnormal), it would be more appropriate to consider a continuum from normal luteal phase to luteal deficiency. In the analyzed dataset, a small follicle had a negative impact on the quality of the luteal phase and a high periovulatory PDG level (i.e., a premature luteinization) seemed detrimental to the luteal phase. The occurrence of a normal then low luteal PDG level is probably a potential sign of luteal phase abnormality. Furthermore, distinct progesterone metabolite profiles during the luteal phase were found correlated with several women and cycle characteristics
4
Karcisky, Tessa [Verfasser], and Thorsten [Gutachter] Semrau. "Individuals, Teams and Organizations : A multilevel analysis of individual, team and organizational level factors on performance / Tessa Karcisky ; Gutachter: Thorsten Semrau." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132248272/34.
Full text
5
Gonzalez, Roxana M. "Individual Versus Group Resource-Allocation Performance." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626341.
Full text
6
Gerlach, Philipp. "The Social Framework of Individual Decisions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18725.
Full textAbstract:
Wann und warum verhalten sich Menschen ethisch (in-)korrekt? Die vorliegende Dissertation fasst allgemeine Theorien und experimentelle Befunde (nicht-)kooperativen, (un-)fairen und (un-)ehrlichen Verhaltens zusammen. Hierzu führt Kapitel 1 experimentelle Spiele als rigoroses Instrument zur Untersuchung (un-)ethischen Verhaltens ein. Kapitel 2 zeigt, dass sich kleine Veränderungen in der kontextuellen Rahmung von experimentellen Spielen langanhaltend auf die Kooperationsneigung der Teilnehmer auswirken können. Kontextuelle Rahmungen verändern zudem Verhaltenserwartungen sowie Aufteilungen in nicht-strategischen Situationen. Diese Effekte sind durch Theorien sozialer Normen erklärbar. Kapitel 3 ergründet, warum sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften teils egoistischer verhalten als ihre Kommilitonen. Theorien sozialer Normen werden hierbei um die Bereitschaft erweitert, Nonkonformität mittels Sanktionen zu erzwingen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und anderer Fächer in ihren Aufteilungsentscheidungen ähnlich häufig mit Fairness beschäftigen und zu ähnlichen Einschätzungen kommen, welche Aufteilung als fair gilt. Sie teilen jedoch weniger großzügig und erwarten dies auch von anderen. Zudem sind sie weniger bereit, als unfair angesehene Aufteilungen zu sanktionieren. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften egoistischer verhalten, weil sie nicht daran glauben, dass sich andere an eine grundsätzlich geteilte Fairnessnorm halten. Kapitel 4 zeigt, dass intrinsische Sanktionen (wie Scham und Schuld) ausreichen, damit sich Menschen ethisch korrekt verhalten. Das Kapitel bietet zahlreiche Antworten zu aktuellen Debatten, wer sich unter welchen Umständen (un-)ehrlich verhält. Es wird gezeigt, dass Ehrlichkeit sowohl von situativen Einflüssen (z.B. Anreizen und Externalitäten) wie von persönlichen Aspekten (z.B. Geschlecht und Alter) und letztlich auch vom experimentellen Paradigma abhängt.<br>When and why do people engage in (un)ethical behavior? This dissertation summarizes general theories and synthesizes experimental findings on (non)cooperation, (un)fairness, and (dis)honesty. To this end, Chapter 1 introduces experimental games as a rigorous tool for studying (un)ethical behavior. Chapter 2 demonstrates that small changes in the framing of context (e.g., referring to a social dilemma as a competition vs. a team endeavor) can have long-lasting effects on the participants’ propensity to cooperate. Context framing also shapes beliefs about the cooperative behavior of interaction partners and donations in non-strategic allocation decisions. Taken together, the results suggest that social norm theories provide a plausible explanation for cooperation, including its sensitivity to context framing. Chapter 3 investigates why experimental games regularly find that economics students behave more selfishly than their peers. The concept of social norms is thereby extended to include the enforcement of compliance per sanctions. The results indicate that economics students and students of other majors are about equally concerned with fairness and they have similar notions of fairness in the situation. However, economics students make lower allocations, expect others to make lower allocations, and are less willing to sanction allocations seen as unfair. Skepticism mediated their lower allocations, suggesting that economics students behave more selfishly because they expect others not to comply with a shared fairness norm. Chapter 4 shows that intrinsic sanctions (e.g., shame and guilt) can be sufficient for ethical behavior to emerge. The chapter provides answers to many of the ongoing debates on who behaves dishonestly and under what circumstances. The findings suggest that dishonest behavior depends on situational factors (e.g., reward magnitude and externalities), personal factors (e.g., gender and age) as well as on the experimental paradigm itself.
7
PIRIU, ANDREEA ALEXANDRA. "ESSAYS ON GLOBALISATION: EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/728739.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies the effects of import competition from China and Eastern Europe
on the health and fertility decisions of German individuals working in manufacturing.
Individuals are matched with separate measures of exposure to competition from China
and Eastern Europe, respectively. To isolate exogenous supply shocks from the origin,
instrumental variables for competition from each of China and Eastern Europe are constructed.
Results in Chapter 1 suggest that higher import competition worsens individual health via
job displacement, wage decline, shortened employment duration, increased reliance on
welfare and less future orientation, with Chinese import competition affecting individuals
twice as much. Health declines as individuals increase their visits to the doctor, exercise
less frequently and have a higher probability of developing chronic illness. Also, there is
some evidence that individuals do not tend to become disabled but may be slowly pushed
into chronic illness.
Findings in Chapter 2 show that import competition negatively affects the individual’s
probability of having children via reduced earnings, lower satisfaction with personal
income and shortened employment duration. The chapter then investigates effects of
import exposure by gender. Results show that male and female fertility choices differ
upon rising import competition. Higher import exposure lowers female earnings and
job autonomy, which in turn generates a lower opportunity cost of work, to the point
where having children would become a more rewarding alternative for female workers.
By contrast, increased import exposure negatively affects male workers’ fertility through
reduced earnings and employment duration.
8
Simmonds, Mark Crawford. "Statistical methods for individual patient data meta-analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595824.
Full text
9
Ghoshal, Sumantra. "Environmental scanning : an individual and organizational level analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15242.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY.<br>Bibliography: leaves 369-377.<br>by Sumantra Ghoshal.<br>Ph.D.
10
Wilkinson, Simon. "Evaluating book and hypertext : analysis of individual differences." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2001. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/7358.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the usability of an 800 page textbook compared with a hypertext version containing the same information. Hypertext is an interesting new medium in that it is seen as possessing advantages as both delivery technology that influence cost and access to information and design technology influencing student achievement. Unfortunately the proclamations of its advocates have usually exceeded empirical findings. Also, rapid advances in both hardware and software are necessitating the frequent re-evaluation of contemporary hypertext. In addition to an up-to-date evaluation of the relative performance of book and hypertext supporting set tasks, the research reported in this thesis also sought to specifically analyse the potential role individual differences could play within media evaluation. To do this the cognitive styles and spatial ability of 57 postgraduate student volunteers, from two computer related diplomas, were measured. Half the subjects were then randomly assigned to a Book group and half to a Hypertext group. Each group was then allocated the same amount of time to complete two separate tasks: 1) short answer questions analysing the basic information retrieval potential of each medium, and one week later 2) four open-ended short essay questions. Surprisingly, subjects assigned to the Book group performed significantly better than those assigned to the Hypertext group for Task 1. The mean academic performance of subjects (the mean mark obtained over the 8 modules of their diploma) predicted most variance in Task 1 performance for both groups. However, with Task 2, the cognitively more demanding exercise, none of the measured individual differences could significantly predict the scores of subjects. Another surprising finding, given that all subjects were studying computing, was that the amount of prior computing experience was found to approach significance for those subjects assigned to Hypertext for Task 1. Given the ease with which this particular individual difference could be manipulated it was decided to run a second experiment employing -subjects with more experience of the Hypertext system used. The results from this second cohort showed no significant differences in score for either task between Book or Hypertext. However, as the more qualitative data from a questionnaire showed, there are a large number of different factors and issues that contribute to the ultimate acceptability of one medium compared with the other. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of possible avenues for future research looking at the role hypertext has to play in the construction of hyperlibraries and Virtual Learning Environments.
11
LISTWAN, SHELLEY JOHNSON. "PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: RECONSIDERING THE INDIVIDUAL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin996690778.
Full text
12
Bakhti, Karima. "Proximal arm non-use in post-stroke individuals." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONT4006/document.
Full textAbstract:
Après un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), l’utilisation de stratégies compensatoires dans les activités de la vie quotidienne peut freiner la récupération motrice du membre supérieur parétique. En effet, lors d’une tâche d’atteinte, les individus post-AVC présentant un déficit sévère limitant les mouvements épaule-coude, doivent utiliser la flexion du tronc afin de réaliser une tâche d’atteinte. Dans ce cas, il s’agit d’une compensation obligatoire-adaptative. D’autre part, certains individus post-AVC ayant suffisamment récupéré la motricité épaule-coude, continuent de solliciter une flexion du tronc, et cette compensation non-obligatoire du tronc est dite maladaptative car elle reflète la non-utilisation épaule–coude (proximal arm non-use - PANU) ayant pour effet d’entraver la récupération du bras parétique.Dans la première étude, 45 sujets post-AVC et 45 sujets contrôles sains appariés en âge ont effectué une tâche d’atteinte, le tronc libre (utilisation spontanée du bras) et le tronc auto-fixé (utilisation maximale du bras). L’analyse a montré que les scores PANU des sujets post-AVC étaient compris entre 1,9% et 40,7% avec une médiane à 11,7%. La mesure du score PANU est reproductible, valide et représente la réserve motrice épaule-coude. Le seuil significatif du PANU a été fixé à 6,5% (limite supérieure chez les sujets sains). Enfin, le score PANU est complémentaire aux tests usuels de déficience et de fonction du membre supérieur (Box and Block test, Fugl-Meyer)La deuxième étude a montré la possibilité d’utiliser un système Kinect dans l’obtention du score PANU. Des mesures ont été effectuées simultanément avec les deux systèmes (Kinect et Zebris-CMS20s) chez 19 sujets post-AVC. Cette étude a montré que le score PANU mesuré avec la Kinect pourrait être utilisé comme un outil de diagnostic qui permettrait de proposer aux sujets post-AVC une rééducation spécifique d’utilisation forcée du bras par tronc bloqué ou bien par feedback.La troisième étude est une revue de la littérature sur les technologies innovantes appliquées à la rééducation sensorimotrice post-AVC suggérant que le score PANU puisse être intégré dans un traitement rééducatif par réalité virtuelle.En conclusion, ces travaux démontrent que quantifier objectivement la non-utilisation épaule-coude (score PANU) lors d’une tâche d’atteinte est possible et reproductible. Les scores PANU peuvent être déterminés également par un système très accessible (Kinect) ce qui permettrait d’intégrer le score PANU dans un jeu de rééducation par réalité virtuelle<br>The use of compensatory strategies to perform activities of daily living after a stroke can reduce the upper limb recovery. In fact, post-stroke individuals with severe upper limb impairment that limits shoulder-elbow motion, have to use trunk compensation to achieve a reaching task within arms’ length, which is a form of mandatory/adaptive compensation strategy. Whereas, post-stroke individuals having adequately recovered shoulder-elbow motion, continue to use the trunk when they could use the proximal arm to achieve the reach; and this non-mandatory trunk compensation is considered maladaptive because it reflects proximal arm non-use or PANU, which is detrimental to true recovery of the paretic arm.In the first study, 45 post-stroke individuals and 45 age matched healthy controls performed a seated reaching task within arm’s length with the trunk free to move (spontaneous use) and trunk restrained (maximal use) to measure their PANU score. The analysis showed that PANU scores for the post-stroke individuals ranged between 1,9% and 40,7% with a median of 11,7%, and these PANU scores were a reliable and reproducible measure of the functional reserve of the upper limb. The PANU score threshold for clinical significance was set as 6.5% (upper limit in healthy subjects). The PANU score seems pertinent as a complement to usual clinical assessments of upper limb function and impairment (Box and Block test, Fugl-Meyer).The second study explored the applicability of the Kinect system to measure PANU scores in 19 post stroke individuals in comparison to the standard Zebris-CMS20s method. The analysis showed that the PANU score measured by the Kinect was valid and reliable, and therefore should be used as a tool to classify patients in order to propose specific upper limb rehabilitation with arm-forced use by trunk restraint or feedback.Study three was a review of innovative technologies applied to sensorimotor rehabilitation after a stroke suggesting that PANU scores could be implemented in virtual reality rehabilitation and be used as a tool to determine the efficacy of the specialised treatment.In conclusion, this thesis showed that i) objectively quantifying the proximal arm non-use (PANU score) during a reaching task using a 3D motion capture system is feasible and reliable, and ii) PANU scores are accurately determined also using a more widely available and less expensive Kinect-based motion sensor with the future aim of PANU being integrated in a Kinect-based upper limb virtual reality rehabilitation
13
Flaig, Julien. "A simulation based approach to individual vaccination behavior." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2056/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation des comportements individuels de vaccination. Lorsque la vaccination est libre, les individus peuvent décider ou non de se vacciner, et ces décisions influencent la propagation de la maladie. Nous proposons une approche de modélisation flexible qui permet de prendre en compte ces décisions individuelles dans les modèles de simulation épidémiologiques.Dans le Chapitre 1, nous étudions la décision de vaccination face à une maladie inspirée de la rougeole. Nous montrons comment inclure les décisions de vaccination dans un modèle épidémiologique en les calculant comme un point fixe fonctionnel. Nous obtenons des résultats pour un modèle avec taux de mort et de naissance, et perte d'immunité vaccinale. Nos résultats sur longue période de temps mettent en évidence des pics épidémiques récurrents. À titre de comparaison, nous produisons également des résultats pour des individus ayant un comportement adaptatif.Les objectifs du Chapitre~2 sont (i) de montrer que la boucle entre prévalence et comportements individuels ne peut pas être négligée dans les évaluations de politiques de santé publique, et (ii) de présenter un outil pour les inclure dans ces évaluations. Nous développons l'exemple de la vaccination obligatoire contre la rougeole. Notre modèle épidémiologique est le modèle SIR habituellement utilisé pour représenter la rougeole. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'anticipation de la vaccination obligatoire peut conduire à une augmentation transitoire de la prévalence avant l'éradication à long terme de la maladie. Ceci conduirait à d'importants transferts d'utilité entre générations. Ironiquement, dans notre scénario, des individus anti-vaccins sont parmi ceux qui bénéficient le plus de la vaccination obligatoire.Dans le Chapitre~3, nous partons du constat que la comparaison des coûts de vaccination avec le risque d'être infecté par la rougeole peine à expliquer la couverture vaccinale relativement élevée (bien que souvent insuffisante) dans les pays développés. Nous discutons l'hypothèse selon laquelle la vaccination est un comportement coopératif. Nous mettons en œuvre des concepts d'équilibre et de punition habituellement utilisés en théorie des jeux répétés en donnant des arguments pour leur utilisation dans le contexte de la vaccination. Nos résultats indiquent que la menace d'une punition peut expliquer la vaccination lorsqu'elle serait normalement sous-optimale<br>We tackle the issue of including individual vaccination decisions in epidemiological models. We draw on the example of Measles vaccination, and we focus on strategic interactions and anticipatory behavior. We contribute to a fuller account of such behaviors by developing a modeling approach intended as a tool for practitioners and theorists.In Chapter 1, we show how the interplay between individual anticipatory vaccination decisions and the otherwise biological dynamics of a disease may lead to the emergence of recurrent patterns. We consider a Measles-like outbreak, rational and far-sighted individuals, vital dynamics, and waning vaccine efficacy. This chapter illustrates the versatility of our approach. For comparison, we provide results for individuals with adaptive behavior.In Chapter 2, we investigate the effect of anticipatory behavior in a scenario where Measles vaccination becomes mandatory. When mandatory vaccination is announced in advance, we show that individuals may alter their vaccination behavior, thus causing an increase in prevalence before Measles is ultimately eradicated. These transition effects lead to non negligible welfare differences between generations. We consider an anti-vaccinationist subpopulation with a higher vaccination cost, and exhibit scenarios where anti-vaccinationists are among those who benefit the most from mandatory vaccination.In Chapter 3, we discuss whether coalitions of vaccinating individuals can account for the relatively high vaccination coverages observed in developed countries. We explain why and how retaliation concepts usually found in repeated games can be used in the context of vaccination, even though individuals vaccinate only once. This allows us to model how vaccinating individuals might retaliate against those who refuse vaccination. We show that retaliation threats can sustain vaccination where it would otherwise be suboptimal for individuals
14
Khelladi, Insaf. "Les déterminants de la décision d'achat d'actions de l'investisseur individuel : une analyse sous le prisme de la valeur perçue. Le cas de l’actionnaire individuel français." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0009.
Full textAbstract:
La constante baisse de l’actionnariat individuel en France est qualifiée d’énigme. Les ménages français participent faiblement aux marchés d’actions. Les entreprises éprouvent des difficultés à attirer de nouveaux investisseurs individuels, or l’actionnariat individuel est apprécié pour sa fidélité et son engagement. L’action est un produit financier et d’image qui offre une source de financement stable et durable pour les entreprises, les systèmes de retraite et les investissements à long terme. Les décisions financières et d’investissements sont nourries par la finance moderne et la finance comportementale. Bien que des contradictions existent sur leurs hypothèses fondatrices, ces courants partagent une même conception de la valeur intrinsèque d’un actif financier, une valeur objective déterminée essentiellement par les attributs monétaires du produit, limitant ainsi l’individu dans ses choix et décisions. Notre recherche explore le comportement de l’investisseur individuel en mobilisant le cadre conceptuel de la valeur perçue développé par la littérature en marketing. Nous proposons un modèle de comportement d’achat d’actions de l’investisseur individuel pour examiner les relations entre les attributs des actions et les bénéfices perçus. Ce modèle permet de comprendre le processus de formation de la valeur perçue de l’investisseur individuel qui détermine sa décision d’achat d’actions. Notre démarche exploratoire utilise une méthode mixte pour étudier le contexte de l’actionnaire individuel français détenteur d’actions en direct. Les résultats relèvent l’existence de familles d’attributs du produit action, d’une typologie de bénéfices perçus, et des liens entre attributs et bénéfices faisant ressortir des profils d’investisseurs individuels. Notre recherche éclaire davantage le processus de choix et de décision d’achat d’actions de l’investisseur individuel, et propose aux acteurs du marketing financier une segmentation des investisseurs individuels par les bénéfices perçus afin d’adapter leurs offres de produits et services financiers envers cette cible<br>The constant decline of individual shareholders is a French puzzle. French households participate feebly in equity markets. Companies find it difficult to attract new individual investors, even though they are valued for their loyalty and commitment. A share is a financial and image products that provides a sustainable source of finance for businesses, retirement systems, and long-term investments. Financial and investment decisions are framed by modern finance and behavioral finance. Although they are contradictory on their founding assumptions, these streams share the same conception of the intrinsic value of a financial asset, an objective value determined essentially by the monetary attributes, thus limiting the individual in his choices and decisions. Our research explores the behavior of the individual investor through applying the conceptual framework of the perceived value developed by the marketing literature. We propose an individual investor's stock behavior model to examine the relationship between stock attributes and perceived benefits. This model allows understanding the process of the formation of the perceived value of the individual investor, which determines his decision to buy shares. Our exploratory approach uses a mixed method to study the context of the French individual shareholder holding registered shares. The results highlight the existence of families of shares’ attributes, a typology of perceived benefits, and links between attributes and benefits that exhibiting individual investor profiles. Our research sheds new light on the individual investor's decision-making and buying process, and offers financial marketers a segmentation of individual investors based on the perceived benefits, allowing them to tailor their financial products and services offerings towards this target
15
Aktuna, Gunes Armagan Tuna. "Economie informelle et pauvreté en Turquie : une analyse des comportements individuels sur des données des dépenses monétaires et temporelles de 2003 à 2006." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010102.
Full textAbstract:
Economie informelle et pauvreté en Turquie : une analyse des comportements individuels sur des données des dépenses monétaires et temporelles de 2003 à 2006<br>Since it was first introduced by Hart in 1973, the concept of “informal economy” has had vast implications for social-scientific research. Over the last four decades, informal economy has received increased attention in literature and has been keenly discussed by public authorities and scholars. There were two main motivations behind these efforts to identify the informal economy: to measure its size and to know its determinants. From a practical point of view, informal economy has been an enigma for economists seeking to identify its nature and to measure activities that have various economic motivations. Informality has been denoted by many names, such as “shadow”, “underground”, “second” or “parallel” economy- a plethora of terms resulting from the struggle to define informality. Likewise, the various approaches to studying the phenomenon differ greatly in the way that they relate to socio-economic characterization. Although there is great variation between definitions of informality, these diversifications allow authorities to deal more easily with the source of the problem, being able to inform themselves and create accurate policies. Generally speaking, these policies aim to increase the level of productivity for any given sector and to protect growth in an economy as a whole. The implicit goal of these strategies is to prevent informal earnings by protecting formal market transactions (Schneider and Enste, 2002) and thereby combat informality. To this end, identifying the stimulating economic factors behind informal activities by gathering information about participants, their actions and the concurrency of these activities becomes essential for the optimal distribution of economic resources
16
Sun, Lin. "Enabling pervasive applications by understanding individual and community behaviors." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814604.
Full textAbstract:
The digital footprints collected from the prevailing sensing systems provide novel ways to perceive an individual's behaviors. Furthermore, large collections of digital footprints from communities bring novel understandings of human behaviors from the community perspective (community behaviors), such as investigating their characteristics and learning the hidden human intelligence. The perception of human behaviors from the sensing digital footprints enables novel applications for the sensing systems. Bases on the digital footprints collected with accelerometer-embedded mobile phones and GPS equipped taxis, in this dissertation we present our work in recognizing individual behaviors, capturing community behaviors and demonstrating the novel services enabled. With the GPS footprints of a taxi, we summarize the individual anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and improve the recognition efficiency of the existing method iBOAT by introducing an inverted index mechanism. Besides, based on the observations in real life, we propose a method to detect the work-shifting events of an individual taxi. With real-life large-scale GPS traces of thousands of taxis, we investigate the anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and work shifting behaviors from the community perspective and exploit taxi serving strategies. We find that most anomaly behaviors are intentional detours and high detour inclination won't make taxis the top players. And the spatial-temporal distribution of work shifting events in the taxi community reveals their influences. While exploiting taxi serving strategies, we propose a novel method to find the initial intentions in passenger finding. Furthermore, we present a smart taxi system as an example to demonstrate the novel applications that are enabled by the perceived individual and community behaviors
17
Hey, Grace Valasi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Identification of individual koalas: microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Hey_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
Full textAbstract:
Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas<br>Master of Science (M. Sc.) (Hons.)
18
Clark, N. K. "The analysis and prediction of individual and group remembering." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380569.
Full text
19
Abo-Zaid, Ghada Mohammed Abdallah. "Individual patient data meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3186/.
Full textAbstract:
Prognostic factors (PFs) are patient characteristics (e.g. age, biomarker levels) that are associated with future clinical outcomes in patients with a disease or health condition. Evidence-based PF results are paramount, for which individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis is thought to be the ’gold-standard’ approach, as it synthesises the raw data across related studies (in contrast to an aggregate data meta-analysis, that just uses reported summary data). In this Ph.D. thesis, I investigate statistical issues and develop methodological recommendations for individual patient data meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies (IMPF) projects. First, I investigate the benefits and limitations of IPD meta-analyses of PF studies through a systematic review and in-depth evaluation of existing IPD meta-analyses of PFs; 48 IMPF articles were found and an in-depth evaluation of a random sample of 20 IMPF articles was undertaken to identify how such projects are initiated, conducted, and reported, and to identify the benefits and challenges of the IPD approach. I found that although IMPF articles have many advantages, they still face a number of challenges and pitfalls such as different methods of measurements, ignoring clustering of patients across studies, missing data, and potential publication bias, unachieved linearity assumption of PFs, poor reporting, and potentially not protocol driven. To improve IMPF articles and projects guidelines were developed, and an array of methodological research questions identified. Secondly, I undertook an empirical study to compare between the IPD and aggregated data approach to assess PFs in breast cancer. I showed that the IPD approach is preferable over aggregated data, as it allows one to adjust the PF by other confounding factors, examine PFs in subgroups of patients and assess the interaction between two PFs as an additional PF. It also allowed more studies and more patients to be included. However, the IPD approach still faced challenges, such as potential publication bias, missing data, and failed model assumptions in some studies. Thirdly, I developed eleven IPD meta-analysis models to investigate whether accounting for clustering of patients within studies should be undertaken and which approach is the best to use. The models differed by using either a one-step or two-step approach, and whether they accounted for parameter correlation and residual variation. An IPD meta-analysis of 4 studies for age as a PF for 6 month mortality in traumatic brain injury was used as an applied example. Surprisingly, I found that there was no difference between the eleven models because there was little variation in baseline risk across studies. Thus, a simulation study was undertaken to examine which model is the best one-step or two-step, and whether accounting for the clustering of patients within studies is important. I found that the clustering across studies should be considered, and one-step model accounting for the clustering of patients within studies is the best fitted model as it yielded the lowest bias and the coverage was around 95%. Ignoring clustering can produce downward bias and too low a coverage; occasionally the two-step produces too high a coverage. Fourthly, I examined the linearity assumption for the relation between age and risk of 6 months mortality in the traumatic brain injury dataset. I found that the linear trend was not the best in all studies. Thus, I developed three non-linear fractional polynomial IPD meta-analysis models based on whether one-step or two-step approach and whether first or second order fractional polynomial functions are performed. I found that one-step fractional polynomial meta-analysis model that account for the clustering of patients within studies is again the best fitted model, as it easier to fit and force the IPD studies to have the same polynomial powers. This revealed age has a quadratic relationship with mortality risk. Fifth, I assessed whether small-study effects (i.e. potential publication bias) exists for 6 IPD prognostic factor articles by using different tools, such as contour funnel plot, cumulative meta-analysis, trim and fill method, and regression tests. I found the small-study effects problem is not a major concern, in contrast to aggregated data meta-analysis of PFs. Only in the breast cancer data of Look et al. was there substantial evidence for small-study effects. However, adjusted results to account for this provided a smaller PF effect but suggested the original conclusions are unlikely to change. To sum up, this thesis highlights a number of challenges of IMPF projects and discusses possible approaches to dealing with some of them. However, numerous challenges remain for future work.
20
Shideler, David W. "Individual social captial: an analysis of factors influencing investment." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1121956017.
Full text
21
Rodríguez-Meza, Jorge Luis. "Group and individual microcredit contracts : a dynamic numerical analysis /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203857249165.
Full text
22
Shideler, David Wayne. "Individual social capital : an analysis of factors influencing investment /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1121956017.
Full text
23
Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.
Full textAbstract:
Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas
24
Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051220.110416/index.html.
Full text
25
Howe, Miles. "Clients of prostitution: A sociological analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26660.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to examine the existing data surrounding clients of prostitution. The thesis begins by establishing a theoretical basis that addresses the issues of sexuality and desire. The aim of this theoretical framework is to demonstrate that sexual desire is a social construct that varies over time and culture.
Using this framework, the thesis goes on to explore the existing academic studies that have studied clients of prostitution. The information contained within these studies, for the sake of ease of analysis, was divided into two categories, which form the next two chapters of the thesis. These are; demographic composition, and; motivation for purchase.
Although this thesis could draw no definite conclusions surrounding the propensity of particular demographic groups of men to be more apt to purchase sex, numerous issues were raised that merit further study. These include; the influence of male hegemony upon the propensity to purchase sex; the interconnection of power and control with sexual desire; and the current lack of information surrounding links between particular motivations and particular demographic groups.
26
Selin, Thomas. "Kreativitet ur individuell synvinkel : En fenomenologisk självstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23604.
Full textAbstract:
Temat för arbetet är musikskapande och har som syfte att undersöka min individuella kreativitet och dess kännetecken. Men syftet består också i att avgöra användbarheten av detta. Det rör sig om en psykologisk självstudie med ett fenomenologiskt angreppssätt. I mitt fall har detta inneburit att jag, efter att ha arrangerat en i mitt tycke kreativ upplevelse, beskrev denna händelse för att sedan analysera texten på fenomenologiskt vis. P.g.a. en komplikation som uppstod, då jag både var försöksperson och analytiker, resulterade undersökningen i, förutom den strukturella beskrivningen, innehållande min kreativitets individuella kännetecken, en kombinerad modell för självanalys. Användbarheten av undersökningen är kunskap d.v.s. förslag till kreativitetsfrämjande åtgärder och vad att vidare undersöka psykologiskt sett. För den största upptäckten i denna undersökning är att kunskap inte är en slutgiltig konstruktion utan visar på nya undersökningsmöjligheter i sin egen bristfällighet.<br>The subject of this work concerns the creation of music and aims to explore my individual creativity and its characteristics. However, the aim is also to determine the usefulness of this. This is a psychological self-study with a phenomenological approach. In my case, this meant that I, after having arranged an, in my opinion, creative experience, described this incident and then analyzed the text in a phenomenological way. Due to a complication that occurred, because I was both the subject and the analyst, this investigation came to result in, apart from the structural description, containing my creativity´s individual characteristics, a combined model for self-analysis. The usefulness of this work is knowledge i.e. suggestions on how to promote creativity and what to further investigate psychologically. Because the biggest discovery in this work is that knowledge’s not a definitive construction but shows us what can be further investigated through its own deficiency.
27
Natter, Martin, and Markus Feurstein. "Individual level or segmentation based market simulation?" SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1746/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In many studies, choice based conjoint analysis is used to build a market simulator to develop marketing strategies; i.e., shares-of-preference are taken as market share forecasts. However, conjoint data are collected in interview situations, which may differ considerably from real shopping behavior. In this paper, we test the internal and external validity of four commercial choice based conjoint pricing studies including a total of 43 brands. We use conjoint and sales data to assess the relative performance of two modern approaches to estimate conjoint parameters: the segmentation based Latent Class model and the individual level Hierarchical Bayes approach. Our paper confirms previous results of the internal superiority of the Hierarchical Bayes approach. The main result of our investigation is that internal validity does not predict external validity and that Latent Class shows the same real world performance as Hierarchical Bayes. Both models show an average error of 4.2% in market share level prediction and a correlation of 69% between conjoint forecasts and real market shares. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
28
Portell, Canal Xavier. "Individual-based observations and individual-based simulations to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284741.
Full textAbstract:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the yeasts with major economic, social, and health significance in human culture. Depending on the growth conditions experienced by the cell, S. cerevisiae growth can proceed via fermentative, respirative, or respirofermentative metabolism. Scar formation, unequal division, a limited replicative lifespan, and increase in cell size commensurate with the cell's replicative age are individual characteristics of this yeast affecting the performance of bioprocesses. These characteristics increase the complexity of predictive models and introducing them with ease into a continuous model is not realistic. Nevertheless, an individual-based model is able to accommodate this complexity in a single computational model. Once an individual model is implemented, it has to be parameterized, calibrated, and its adequacy assessed. All these processes ideally require a high number of both individual and system-level experimental observations. The aim of the present thesis is to advance the development of an individual-based methodology to tackle the study of microbial systems driven by the relevant yeast S. cerevisiae.
The adequacy of INDISIM-YEAST, an existing individual-based model of a generic budding yeast, is first assessed. In order to obtain valuable individual-based observations to support the desired individual-based methodology, the diversity of S. cerevisiae in experimental individually-oriented observations under different growth conditions and at different stages of the growth curve is verified and assessed.
A quantitative individual-based model focusing on the fermentative (anaerobic) growth of the yeast S. cerevisiae has been designed, implemented in Fortran 90, and termed INDISIM-Saccha. The developed model is parameterized, calibrated, its adequacy evaluated, and used to assess in silico ethanol production by means of virtual experiments. The calibration procedure, and the performance and analysis of the data from the virtual experiments is undertaken using the statistical programming language R. The model adequacy is assessed by testing several model predictions both at a system level (glucose depletion, population growth curves) and single-cell level (fraction of budded cells, genealogical age distribution, and cell diameter distribution evolutions). Individual cell diameter observations obtained within the present thesis play a significant role in this assessment. Results of the virtual experiments suggest that differences in cell size distribution can drastically affect the performance and productivity of fermentations, and encourage routine characterization of the inocula in the biotechnological industry.
INDISIM-Saccha is also adapted to take into account the aerobic growth of S. cerevisiae and contrasted with two experimental trials with different oxygen levels in the medium. The preliminary simulated results achieved with the model suggest that the approach also has the potential for reproducing aerobic batch cultures of S. cerevisiae. This represents a further step in obtaining a microbial individual-based model to account for the whole set of metabolic alternatives experienced by S. cerevisiae.
In order to communicate efficiently, increase accessibility, and favour usability of the INDISIM-Saccha methodology developed, the present thesis also designs and implements INDISIM-YEAST-NL in the freely available programming environment NetLogo. The implementation of this streamlined model in NetLogo lays the foundations for a deeper understanding of the developed methodology and microbial individual-based models in general, and will facilitate future interactions with potential users of INDISIM-Saccha.<br>El Saccharomyces cerevisiae és un dels llevats que gaudeix de més significació econòmica, social i per a la salut humana. Depenent de les condicions experimentades, el llevat S. cerevisiae pot créixer mitjançant un metabolisme fermentatiu, respiratori o respirofermentatiu. La formació de cicatrius, una divisió desigual, una vida replicativa limitada i un increment de la mida de la cèl.lula amb l’edat replicativa són característiques individuals d’aquest llevat que afecten el comportament dels bioprocessos. Aquestes característiques incrementen la complexitat dels models predictius i dificulten, per tant, la seva inclusió en un model continu de manera realista. No obstant això, un model basat en l’individu sí que és capaç d’acomodar tota aquesta complexitat en un únic model computacional. Una vegada implementat, un model basat en l’individu ha de ser parametritzat, calibrat i la seva adequació ha de ser avaluada. Tots aquests processos requereixen idealment un gran nombre d’observacions experimentals, tant individuals com a nivell del sistema estudiat. L’objectiu general de la tesi present és avançar en el desenvolupament d’una metodologia basada en l’individu per estudiar sistemes microbians conduïts pel llevat S. cerevisiae.
Primerament s’avalua l’adequació de INDISIM-YEAST, un model basat en l’individu, ja existent, focalitzat en un llevat genèric. Es verifica i s’avalua la diversitat del S. cerevisiae en observacions experimentals orientades a l’individu en diferents condicions de creixement i en diversos estadis de la corba de creixement de la població. Això permet obtenir observacions basades en l’individu molt valuoses a l’hora de donar suport a la metodologia desitjada. Es desenvolupa i s’implementa en Fortran 90 INDISIM-Saccha, un model quantitatiu basat en l’individu i focalitzat en el creixement fermentatiu (anaerobi) del S. cerevisiae. El model desenvolupat és parametritzat, calibrat, la seva adequació és avaluada i és utilitzat per estudiar
in silico la producció d’etanol mitjançant experiments virtuals. El procés de calibratge, l’obtenció i l’anàlisi de les dades dels experiments virtuals s’han realitzat utilitzant el programari estadístic R. L’adequació del model s’avalua testejant diferents prediccions del model a nivell de sistema (corbes de disminució de la glucosa i de creixement de la població) i a nivell de la cèllula individual (evolucions temporals de la fracció de cèl.lules gemades, de la distribució d’edats genealògiques i de la distribució dels diàmetres cel.lulars). Les observacions del diàmetre de les cèl.lules individuals obtingudes a la tesi present juguen un paper significatiu en aquesta avaluació.
Els resultats dels experiments virtuals suggereixen que les diferències en la distribució de mides cel.lulars poden afectar dràsticament l’evolució i la productivitat de les fermentacions i suggereixen una caracterització rutinària de l’inòcul a la indústria biotecnològica. L’INDISIM-Saccha també és adaptat per tenir en compte el creixement aeròbic del S. cerevisiae i és contrastat mitjançant dos assajos experimentals amb dos nivells d’oxigen al
medi. Els resultats preliminars de la simulació denoten que aquesta aproximació també té el potencial de reproduir cultius discontinus aerobis del S. cerevisiae. Això representa un pas endavant cap a l’obtenció d’un model basat en l’individu que tingui en compte tot el conjunt d’alternatives metabòliques experimentades pel S. cerevisiae.
Finalment, aquesta tesi també dissenya i implementa INDISIM-YEAST-NL en l’ambient de programació lliure anomenat NetLogo per tal de comunicar de manera eficient, d’incrementar
l’accessibilitat i d’afavorir l’ús de la metodologia INDISIM-Saccha. La implementació d’aquest
model simplificat amb NetLogo posa les bases per a una comprensió més alta de la metodologia
desenvolupada, i dels models microbians basats en l’individu en general, i facilitarà futures
interaccions amb usuaris potencials de l’INDISIM-Saccha.
29
Mokaddem, Sarra. "Analyse de l'échec des innovations dans un marché en émergence : approche intégratrice aux niveaux individuel et collectif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0058/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de nos études doctorales, nous avons travaillé au sein d'une école d'ingénierie de renom qui a développé un partenariat avec l'entreprise Ecoway, en vue du développement de l'innovation de service Movin'out. Adressée aux particuliers (BtoC), aux entreprises, aux opérateurs et aux collectivités (BtoB), cette innovation se présente sous la forme d'une plateforme comunautaire d'écomobilité, visant à inciter les individus à adopter des modes de déplacement vertueux, et donc alternatifs à l'utilisation individuelle de la voiture. Malencontreusement, l'innovation de service responsable Movin'out n'a pas rencontrer le succès attendu pendant notre présence sur le terrain de recherche, et a été rejetée par les adopteurs potentiels sans générer l'effet communautaire.Malgré la richesse de la littérature sur la diffusion et l'adoption des innovations, celle-ci reste fragmentée. En effet, différentes approches ont vu le jour à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines. Ainsi, pour répondre à la question centrale de cette thèse et pour inscrire nos travaux dans le champ théorique du marketing de l'innovation, nous nous sommes premièrement concentrés sur l'approche linéaire développée par Rogers (2003) pour une analyse au niveau des individus, ainsi que sur les travaux sur les communautés virtuelles (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010), pour une analyse au niveau collectif de l'innovation. Toutefois, ces approches, ne tenant pas compte de l'environnement social de l'individu et des interactions qu'il peut avoir avec l'objet (l'innovation) et les autres individus (les réseaux), nous les complétons avec les travaux en sociologie de l'innovation pour souligner l'importance des interactions dans les réseaux pour la construction réussie d'une innovation.Nous constatons que chaque approche théorique prise séparément en se focalisant sur un niveau d'analyse, que ce soit l'acteur individuel ou collectif, ne peut offrir une vision d'ensemble de la diffusion et de l'adoption des innovations. Aussi, notre objectif est de proposer une approche intégratrice à la croisée du marketing et de la sociologie de l'innovation afin d'analyser la construction échouée d'une innovation de service responsable en train de se faire, sur un marché en émergence, celui de l'écomobilité. L'approche intégratrice se situe ainsi à différents niveaux d'observation : l'individu, la communauté, le réseau. Le parti pris de cette thèse est d'articuler ces niveaux afin d'identifier et d'analyser les comportements de résistance aux innovations de services responsables. Notre contribution se situe dans la mobilisation de cette approche intégratrice pour étudier un sujet peu traité dans la littérature : l'échec d'une innovation<br>As part of our doctoral studies, we worked in an engineering school that has developed a partnership with the company Ecoway , for the development of Movin'out service innovation. Addressed to individuals ( BtoC ) , enterprises , service providers and communities ( BtoB) , this innovation comes in the form of a Community eco-mobility platform , to encourage individuals to adopt virtuous modes of transport , and therefore alternative to individual car use . Unfortunately, Movin'out responsible for innovation does not meet the expected success for our presence in the search field and was rejected by potential adopters without generating the communautary effect.Despite the wealth of literature on the diffusion and adoption of innovations, it remains fragmented. Indeed, different approaches have emerged at the crossroads of several disciplines (economics, sociology, management, psychology, etc.) (Masson, Weil and Hatchuel, 2006). So, to answer the central question of this thesis and to register our work in the theoretical field of marketing innovation, we primarily focused on the linear approach developed by Rogers (2003) for an analysis at the individual level as well as work on virtual communities (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010) for a discussion at the collective level of innovation. However, these approaches, disregarding the social environment of the individual and the interactions it may have with the object (innovation) and other individuals (networks), we complete the work sociology of innovation to emphasize the importance of interaction in networks for the successful construction of innovation.We find that every theoretical approach taken separately by focusing on a level of analysis, whether individual or collective actor, can provide an overall view of the diffusion and adoption of innovations. Also, our goal is to provide an integrative approach at the crossroads of marketing and sociology of innovation to analyze the failed construction of a responsible service innovation in the making, on an emerging market, the ecomobility. The integrative approach is thus situated at different levels of observation: the individual, the community, the network. The bias of this thesis is to articulate these in order to identify and analyze the behavior of resistance to innovations. Our contribution lies in the mobilization of this inclusive approach to study a little treated in the literature about: the failure of an innovation
30
Antoine, Cara L. "A thematic analysis exploring behavioral traits at the individual level that explain a manifestation in relationships that influence collaborative innovation on scale. Five senses that humanize collaborative innovation for individuals in organizations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14073.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the manifestation of collaborative relationships among technological individuals involved in innovation across corporate alliances on scale. Collaboration “on scale” refers to the necessity for global companies to work together to innovate, thus developing ways of cooperating across multiple alliances. ‘Organizations’ do not do this – it is the individuals who work for them that do. However, traditional research defaults to a corporate culture focus on innovation processes and tools, with the result that little is known about how individuals representing their companies collaborate with individuals in numerous other companies in order to achieve innovation.
The research therefore looks through the lens of the individual with the aims of (i) understanding how individuals relate and collaborate with others in a range of companies; (ii) finding ways of improving those relationships, and (iii), actively bridging the gap between academia and business so that the learning from this project can be applied in practice.
A qualitative, interview based methodology is used to identify individual attributes and gain an understanding of their impact on collaborative relationships. Five main themes are discovered that explain the individual behavioral influences that stimulate or hinder collaborative relationships in innovation practice. They are Make it Personal, Value Relationships, Champion the Cause, Offer Tribute, and Trust Your Intuition.
The conclusions call for leaders to develop a deeper focus on individuals contributing to collaboration, strengthen relationships, integrate collaboration and innovation, improve intuitional skills, and re-examine measures and rewards. Academically, this research proposes new theory related to influencing variables in collaborative relationships. A bridge between academic theory and business practice is established firstly through developing a writing style designed to bridge that gap, and secondly through use of a practical rubric framework and self-assessment package to enable individuals to learn how to instill these findings in their collaborative relationships and get more out of innovation results. The report highlights areas and suggestions for future research study.<br>Royal Dutch Shell
31
Sun, Lin. "Enabling pervasive applications by understanding individual and community behaviors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0053.
Full textAbstract:
Les empreintes digitales recueillies par détection systèmes offrent de nouvelles façons de percevoir les comportements d'un individu. En outre, de grandes collections d'empreintes numériques des communautés apportent de nouvelles compréhensions des comportements humains. La perception des comportements humains à partir des empreintes digitales de détection permet de construire des nouvelles applications sur les systèmes de détection. D’après les empreintes digitales recueillies avec l'accéléromètre embarqué dans les téléphones mobiles et les taxis équipés avec GPS, nous présentons ici notre travail sur la reconnaissance des comportements individuels, la capture des comportements communautaires et la démonstration des nouveaux services activés. En reconnaissant les comportements individuels, nous présentons la reconnaissance des activités physiques d'une personne avec les lectures de l'accéléromètre recueillies à partir des téléphones mobiles mis dans les poches autour de la zone pelvienne. Avec les empreintes GPS d'un taxi, nous résumons les comportements anormaux du transport des passagers pour un individu et améliorons l'efficacité de la reconnaissance de la méthode existante IBOAT. En outre, sur la base des observations dans la vie réelle, nous proposons une méthode pour détecter les événements de changement de service d’un taxi individuel. Avec des traces GPS à grande échelle et à l’aide des milliers de taxis, nous étudions les comportements anormaux pour le transport des passagers et les comportements de changement de travail et exploitons les stratégies de service de taxi. En outre, nous présentons un système intelligent de taxi comme une étude exemplaire des nouvelles applications qui s’appuie sur les comportements perçus individuelles et communautaires<br>The digital footprints collected from the prevailing sensing systems provide novel ways to perceive an individual's behaviors. Furthermore, large collections of digital footprints from communities bring novel understandings of human behaviors from the community perspective (community behaviors), such as investigating their characteristics and learning the hidden human intelligence. The perception of human behaviors from the sensing digital footprints enables novel applications for the sensing systems. Bases on the digital footprints collected with accelerometer-embedded mobile phones and GPS equipped taxis, in this dissertation we present our work in recognizing individual behaviors, capturing community behaviors and demonstrating the novel services enabled. With the GPS footprints of a taxi, we summarize the individual anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and improve the recognition efficiency of the existing method iBOAT by introducing an inverted index mechanism. Besides, based on the observations in real life, we propose a method to detect the work-shifting events of an individual taxi. With real-life large-scale GPS traces of thousands of taxis, we investigate the anomalous passenger delivery behaviors and work shifting behaviors from the community perspective and exploit taxi serving strategies. We find that most anomaly behaviors are intentional detours and high detour inclination won't make taxis the top players. And the spatial-temporal distribution of work shifting events in the taxi community reveals their influences. While exploiting taxi serving strategies, we propose a novel method to find the initial intentions in passenger finding. Furthermore, we present a smart taxi system as an example to demonstrate the novel applications that are enabled by the perceived individual and community behaviors
32
Bergqvist, Elisabeth. "Anorexia Nervosa och självbild efter individual respektive familjeterapi." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykoterapi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118501.
Full textAbstract:
I Sverige används både individuell – och familjeterapeutisk behandling för unga nyinsjuknade anorexia nervosa patienter. Familjeterapeutisk behandling rekommenderas. Det finns dock kritik mot familjeterapeutisk behandling som säger att man inte tillräckligt påverkar patienternas kognitiva/affektiva svårigheter. Å andra sidan kan familjesamspelet vara en viktig faktor för förändring av kognitiva/affektiva variabler, då våra självbilder och affekter formas i relation till andra. Negativ självbild och stark självkontroll vid anorexia kan kvarstå efter behandling och kan öka risken för återfall. Studiens syfte är dels att beskriva självbilden på gruppnivå innan och efter behandling av unga anorexia nervosa patienter som behandlats på Stockholm Centrum för Ätstörningar. Vidare är syftet att se om självbilden förändras olika mycket, efter familjebaserad respektive individual terapi. Studien är en registerstudie och använder sig av data från kvalitetssäkringsbasen Stepwise. Totalt ingår 44 patienter. I studien mäts självbild med hjälp av Structural Analys of Social Behavior som är ett självskattningsformulär där självbilden beskrivs i åtta kluster. Anorexia Nervosa patienter har en negativ självbild som kännetecknas av självkontroll, självkritik och självhat. Trots detta upplever de att de tar hand om sig själva i högre utsträckning än normalgruppen. Vid ett årsuppföljning har självbilden normaliserats oavsett individual eller familjebehandling, vilket talar för att psykoterapi är verksamt för unga anorexia nervosa patienter.
33
Antoine, Cara Lenore. "A thematic analysis exploring behavioral traits at the individual level that explain a manifestation in relationships that influence collaborative innovation on scale : five senses that humanize collaborative innovation for individuals in organizations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14073.
Full text
34
Cafferky, Bryan. "Substance use and intimate partner violence: a meta-analysis." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19014.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy<br>School of Family Studies and Human Services<br>Jared Anderson<br>This meta-analysis used data from 285 studies (yielding 983 effect sizes and a combined sample size of 627,726) to quantitatively evaluate the link between substance use and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. Results indicated that overall substance use, alcohol use, and drug use were significantly related to both IPV perpetration and victimization, with mean effect sizes ranging from r =.18 to .23. Moderator analyses also compared males and females for overall substance use, alcohol use, and drug use; subcategories of alcohol use and drug use; and different types of drugs, for males and females, and for IPV perpetration and for victimization. This is the first meta-analysis to compare alcohol versus drug use for IPV perpetration and IPV victimization. The analyses revealed drug use to be a significantly stronger risk marker for victimization, and a non-significantly stronger risk marker for perpetration, compared to alcohol use. Alcohol consequence measures (i.e., abuse and dependence) were significantly stronger risk markers than consumption measures for IPV victimization, but non-significantly different for IPV perpetration. Furthermore, more frequent alcohol use (few times a week, almost daily, and daily) was a significantly stronger risk marker for perpetration compared to other alcohol frequency measures. Drug consequence measures (abuse/dependence) were significantly stronger risk markers for perpetration than simply drug use measures. There were no significant differences between different drug types, and no significant difference between stimulants versus non-stimulants for IPV perpetration and victimization (though these smaller comparisons may have been underpowered, and thus unable to detect differences). The findings of this study are important because they provide the most comprehensive and detailed analysis of the link between substance use and IPV to date.
35
Ramewal, Pervinder Singh. "Organisational empowerment and the individual : analysis of a local authority." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2001. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13425/.
Full text
36
Tudur, Smith Catrin. "Individual patient data meta-analysis with time-to-event outcomes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406660.
Full text
37
Hopkinson, P. "Operant modification of electrodermal responses : An analysis of individual behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233611.
Full text
38
Bouchard, Karen. "Bullying Victimization within Friendships: An Individual and Context Sensitive Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38808.
Full textAbstract:
Bullying victimization within the context of friendships is a complex phenomenon that is commonly experienced among youth, yet is insufficiently understood. Current psychosocial research examining bullying is often devoid of descriptions of the relationship that exists between those who bullied or are bullied (i.e., are they friends, enemies, former friends?), and there continues to be limited consideration of the underlying social dynamics and negotiations that occur within friendships containing bullying. Furthermore, there is a clear need for bullying research to consider how wider macro-level forces (e.g., social processes, power relations, and cultural discourses) can influence the bullying within friendship experience. Guided by a social-ecological framework, this dissertation reports on the findings from two empirical studies that investigated adolescents' experiences of bullying victimization within friendship. These studies involved interviewing previously victimized adolescents and young women; the analytical approaches were guided by thematic analysis and constructivist grounded theory. The results indicate that friendship victimization is a hurtful relational experience that involves painful emotions and carries significant interpersonal risks for adolescents. Furthermore, participants’ responses to their friend’s bullying behaviours were constrained by a number of barriers, such as depictions of bullying that individualize the problem, discourses of resistance that privilege overt responses, and gender expectations. Finally, the dissertation considers how teacher-student relationships influence peer bullying experiences and reemphasizes how teachers can be influential allies for bullying prevention and intervention.
39
Bathe, Mark 1975. "Modeling and analysis of neutrophil transit through individual pulmonary capillaries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88881.
Full text
40
Wolstenholme, Jennifer. "Behavioral and Molecular Analysis of Individual Variation in Ethanol Drinking." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1874.
Full textAbstract:
A majority of Americans regularly consume alcohol, but the risk factors leading to excessive drinking and alcohol abuse are unevenly distributed throughout the population. Genetic differences can account for only 40-60% of this variability. While variations in ethanol preference drinking in rodent models have been reported, the neurobiological factors underlying these behaviors are still not completely understood. Thus, these studies were designed to determine behavioral and molecular factors associated with the initiation of ethanol drinking preference in an inbred mouse model. We harnessed the power of inter-individual variation of ethanol drinking within an inbred mouse strain to essentially eliminate genetic variability and focus on environmental factors. Our studies have characterized robust, persistent individual variability in ethanol intake in C57 mice using a two-bottle choice paradigm. Ethanol intake differences were not due to litter effects or differences in taste preference. Social rank nor basal anxiety phenotypes could account for ethanol preference. Based on the shared co-morbidity of anxiety and alcoholism, and that alcoholics report anxiety and stress reduction as major motivational factors for drinking, we used an ethologically-relevant social defeat model to investigate stress-influences on ethanol drinking. We found that social defeat has bidirectional effects on ethanol drinking. Mice with a low predilection for ethanol tend to increase drinking following social stress while high preference mice decrease drinking. Even though social defeat produced a measurable physiological response in mice, defeat stress did not alter anxiety measures in the light-dark box. Thus, the current findings did not fully support the tension-reduction hypothesis of alcoholism. In order to determine the molecular factors underlying these differences in ethanol preference drinking, we employed genome-wide expression profiling to identify gene networks altered in ethanol-preferring and ethanol-avoiding mice. Genes involved in synaptic vesicle release, glutamate and BDNF signaling were differentially altered in drinking mice. Following stress-influenced ethanol drinking, expression profiling identified transcripts involved in dopamine signaling, the extra-hypothalamic stress response and alterations in steroid and glucocorticoid synthesis. Most importantly, these expression studies and behavioral analysis following histone deacetylase inhibition may be the first to implicate epigenetic factors involving chromatin acetylation and/or methylation as contributing to environmental modulation of ethanol intake.
41
Bailey, Steven Charles. "An analysis of individual philosophical foundations and pedagogical teaching behaviors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/800.
Full text
42
GALLIERA, ARIANNA. "Adaptation dynamics in individual and strategic behavior: an experimental analysis." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201083.
Full textAbstract:
When we look at the first rounds of an experiment, the large differences
and variance among individual performances might be driven by a lack of experience and results tend to overestimate this heterogeneity. An experiment
based on many rounds helps participants to adapt and improve decisions,
both in strategic and non-strategic games; additionally, some individuals
may be unaccustomed to a specific game and need some time to understand
properly the task and their best (individual) strategy to apply.
This dissertation focuses, in four chapters, on adaptation dynamics and
experience in strategic games and individual decision games. In particular,
the role of experience through time that helps agents to improve their performances in accordance with their preferences.
Game repetition allows agents to fill the gap of experience in specific
tasks, improving their performances and individual self-confidence. In this
sense this dissertation aims to explore different experimental settings in which
individuals, playing repeatedly the same task through the whole experiment,
are able to become more sophisticated compared to early performances.
Two chapters focus on strategic behavior in a bargaining problem, in
particular we compare how participants change their behavior through time.
A third chapter focuses on the individual adaptation dynamics in a Hybrid Public Good game, in particular the motivation of participants when
contributing to a public good in the role of "leader" or "follower". In this
work we distinguish between conditional cooperators and exploiters, which
adapt differently to the game.
The last chapter, looks at individual decisions and experience effect in
gambling games. We focus on a well-known cognitive bias, the almost-
winning bias; agents misrepresenting the game are unable to distinguish
between situations in which near misses signal ability and those in which
no ability is involved.
43
Burroughs, Ramona D. "Quantitative EEG Analysis of Individuals with Chronic Pain." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822811/.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in neuroimaging and electromagnetic measurement technology have permitted the exploration of structural and functional brain alterations associated with chronic pain. A number of cortical and subcortical brain regions have been found to be involved in the experience of chronic pain (Baliki et al., 2008; Jensen et al., 2010). Evidence suggests that living with chronic pain shapes the brain from both an architectural and a functional perspective, and that individuals living with chronic pain display altered brainwave activity even at rest. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) is a method of spectral analysis that utilizes a fast Fourier transform algorithm to convert analog EEG signals into digital signals, allowing for precise quantification and analysis of signals both at single electrode locations and across the scalp as a whole. An important advance that has been permitted by qEEG analysis is the development of lifespan normative databases against which individual qEEGs can be compared (Kaiser, 2006; Thatcher et al, 2000). Pilot data utilizing qEEG to examine brainwave patterns of individuals with chronic pain have revealed altered EEG activity at rest compared to age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (Burroughs, 2011). The current investigation extended the findings of the pilot study by utilizing qEEG to examine a larger sample of individuals with chronic pain. Individuals with chronic pain displayed significantly reduced slow wave activity in frontal, central, and temporal regions. Findings will be presented in terms of specific patterns of altered EEG activity seen in individuals with chronic pain.
44
Myerson, Connie Elka. "Evaluation of Sensorimotor Deficits and Compensatory Mechanisms Following Traumatic Brain Injury Using Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis in Rodent Models." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/99.
Full textAbstract:
Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was used to precisely quantify alterations in gait and compensatory behaviors in rat performance on beamwalk and treadmill tasks following moderate traumatic brain injury. Measures included limb height, joint angles, adduction, flexion, and swing/stance phase duration. Injury-associated changes on the treadmill included postural and hip angle change, and increases in hip height and adduction. The beamwalk presented as a more sensitive measure when coupled with kinematic analysis, as differences between injury groups were evident on measures including knee, ankle, elbow, and mid hip height. Animal response was diverse, possibly reflecting individual compensatory strategies which varied among injured animals. Kinematic analysis was ultimately shown to be a useful tool in characterizing and dissociating initial impairment, compensation, and recovery.
45
Lim, Seongyeon. "Essays in financial economics mental accounting and selling decisions of individual investors; analysts' reputational concerns and underreaction to public news /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058811557.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Document formatted into pages; contains 106 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 July 29.
46
Rice, Niamh. "Treating individuals who have sexually offended." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14220.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis was to contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic relationship between clinicians and individuals who have committed sexual offences against children and adults. To do this a systematic review was carried out which explored the relationship between attachment styles and types of sexual offending to investigate whether there is an association between types of sexual offences and types of insecure attachment styles. 16 articles were identified and evaluated. The results of this review indicated that individuals who have sexually offended against children demonstrated more insecure childhood maternal and paternal attachments alongside higher rates of insecure adult attachment styles whereas individuals who have sexually offended against adults demonstrated a more variable pattern of maternal and paternal attachments. Types of sexual offending did appear to be related to different insecure attachment styles with child molesters predominantly identified as preoccupied and fearful and rapists classified as dismissing. A separate qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was also completed which explored the experiences of therapists involved in the delivery of group treatment for sexual offenders. Some of the experiences reported were similar to those outlined in previous studies (the importance of collegial support, the experience of intrusive cognitions, managing challenging characteristics of sexual offenders and the perception of being involved in protecting the public) but some were not (the prestige felt from belonging to a niche profession, the pride of pushing professional boundaries and the perception of protecting the patient and managing professional challenges) offering further insight into the possible types of experiences encountered. An awareness and appreciation for the integral role attachment status plays in sexually deviant behaviour enables clinicians to anticipate the relational dynamics that may emerge during treatment and modify interventions appropriately to facilitate effectiveness and maintain the therapeutic alliance. In addition by exploring the experiences of sex offender therapists an understanding of the ways in which the therapeutic relationship and a therapist’s sense of self may be impacted can be garnered (Hernandez, Engstom & Gangsei, 2010; Lyn & Burton, 2004) assisting individuals and organisations in ensuring that the rewards are maximised and the challenges supported and reduced.
47
Creven, Fourrier Caroline. "Individual offshoring as a new form of expatriation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB003/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les missions internationales en entreprise ne parviennent plus à retenir les talents alors même que leur coût reste très élevé. La délocalisation de l’individu apparaît donc comme une nouvelle forme d'expatriation à mi-chemin entre expatriation auto-initiée et mission internationale en entreprise. Cependant, celle-ci résonne comme une violation du contrat psychologique liant l’individu à son entreprise. En effet, le diplôme ne semble plus protéger l’employé contre la délocalisation de son poste vers des pays à coût plus bas. Cette étude de cas a aidé à identifier les facteurs influençant les talents à accepter une relocalisation sous contrat local dans un pays à moindre coût. De ce fait, cette thèse fournit aux entreprises des éléments contributifs à la gestion globale des talents dans un contexte de délocalisation<br>Individual offshoring emerges as a new form of organizational-initiated expatriation which bridges self-initiated-expatriation and international assignment. The failure of IA to retain talented individuals (talent) and a growing pressure on costs leave no choice to companies but to dramatically reconsider how expatriation can develop talent globally in a different but still sustainable way.However, this new form of expatriation resonates as a breach of the psychological contract. If talent no longer expect to remain in the same company for a large part of their career, they still hold an expectation that white collar activities associated to higher degrees would protect their jobs from moving abroad. This thesis was a case study of a company offshoring some of its global talent to lower cost locations. The purpose was to understand what factors talent consider in accepting to relocate to a lower cost location under a local contract. This research contributes to talent retention and sustained talent management while offshoring ac-tivities to lower cost countries
48
Woolaston, Katie M. "Legal Responses to Human-Wildlife Conflict: Individual Autonomy vs Ecological Vulnerability." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392407.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis employs socio-legal critical analysis to deconstruct the problem of human-wildlife conflict. Biodiversity is in crisis, and a large part of the crisis is the relationship that people have with wildlife. The current species extinction rate is one hundred times higher than it would be without human occupation of the planet. Human-wildlife conflict is a primary contributor to global biodiversity loss because it is a manifestation of the destructive relationship that humans have with wildlife. It is considered that human-wildlife conflict is a cause of biodiversity loss because it usually ends in wildlife being killed, but also because the long term effects of negative interaction with wildlife are detrimental to a conservation ethic in people at the forefront of the conflict. Traditionally, the study of human-wildlife conflict focused on problematising wildlife and managing their behaviour, movements, population size and density, and genetics, combined with measuring the values and attitudes of people towards wildlife so that the most acceptable wildlife management techniques could be employed. By critically analysing the problem of human-wildlife conflict and it’s representations in law and policy, this thesis aims to transform the way in which human-wildlife conflict is viewed and managed.
While many wildlife managers and ecologists are conducting studies on differing human values and attitudes towards wildlife and management practices, and are moving toward interdisciplinary collaboration, the studies are often conducted without an adequate understanding of the philosophy surrounding human relationships with each other, society, and the greater environment. Without an adequate conceptual framework that discusses and theorises the different dimensions of the human side of the conflict, there is little hope of uniting stakeholders and implementing a consistent, cohesive outcome to situations of conflict. A theoretical understanding of the role society and relationships play in the conflict is necessary to formulate an effective model of action that addresses the greater societal influence over human attitudes to wildlife.
This thesis utilises Martha Fineman’s theory of vulnerability, together with social eco-feminism to provide an account of the dynamic natural relationship between humans and wildlife and outline how current management strategies deviate from that dynamic yet natural state. It posits that humans and wildlife have individual and interconnected vulnerabilities that are not accounted for by current management policies. Instead, legal institutions ensure separation through the promotion of false individual liberal autonomy. Furthermore, that autonomy is not universally attributed to all humans. Instead, autonomy is something that is considered relevant to those that already hold the power over the concept itself, are most likely to benefit from it, and are already considered to have it (although as this thesis will demonstrate, no-one can ever be autonomous).
This thesis concludes that legal institutions structurally deny human-wildlife conflict around the world, whilst simultaneously exacerbating conflict by promoting values consistent with individual autonomy. The way to rectify this paradox and return the human-wildlife relationship to its natural state is to promote State responsiveness to the interconnected vulnerabilities of people and wildlife, by shifting institutional focus from autonomy to eco-vulnerability. Methods of achieving this shift include establishing the relevance of non-human vulnerability to the problem of conflict, acknowledging all interconnected oppressions with a conflict scenario, their historical bases and barriers to recovery, implementing community collaboration and some devolution of state decision-making power, increasing positive wildlife experiences and emotional connections, and finally, promoting the leadership of alternate epistemological communities, such as local and indigenous groups.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Law School<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
49
Bjaaland, Helen. "Ambivalens inför rutinmässigt navelsträngs-pH : Hur barnmorskor inom förlossningsvård resonerar kring det nyfödda barnets nytta av navelsträngs-pH." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16236.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Navelsträngs-pH tas rutinmässigt på nästan alla nyfödda barn i Sverige, det finns nu olika uppfattningar om navelsträngs-pH:ts nytta. Forskning visar att navelsträngs-pH har klinisk nytta för barn som föds vid högriskförlossningar, barnets nytta ses inte vid lågriskförlossningar. Själva provtagningsförfarandet ses inte utgöra några direkta risker för barnet. Det är viktigt att barnmorskors resonemang kring navelsträngs-pH synliggörs eftersom pH-provtagningen igår i barnmorskans ansvarsområde. Syfte: Att synliggöra hur barnmorskor inom förlossningsvård resonerar kring det nyfödda barnets nytta av navelsträngs-pH. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex barnmorskor verksamma vid förlossningsavdelning. För dataanalys användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i tre kategorier: Navelsträngs-pH är till nytta för barn som föds medtagna; Navelsträngs-pH är inte till nytta för det friska barnet och Navelsträngs-pH tas (ändå) på alla barn. Ett Övergripande tema sammanlänkar kategorierna: Ambivalens inför rutinmässigt Navelsträngs-pH, vilket visar på den ambivalens barnmorskorna känner inför navelsträngs-pH på friska barn. Konklusion: Barnmorskorna följer rådande rutin och tar navelsträngs-pH på alla barn. Barnmorskorna lyfter att navelsträngs-pH har stor nytta för det medtagna barnet, då ger en inarbetad rutin trygghet. På det friska barnet önskar dock barnmorskorna få göra en individuell bedömning. För att kunna göra bedömningen på ett medicinskt säkert sätt behöver nya riktlinjer utarbetas.<br>Background: Umbilical-cord-pH is routinely tested at almost all births in Sweden, however views differ regarding the benefits. Studies show that umbilical-cord-pH gives clinical benefits in high-risk deliveries that are not found in low-risk deliveries. Umbilical-cord-pH is not viewed as a risk for the child. It is important to visualize midwives’ reasoning regarding the pH-sampling since it is their responsibility. Aim: To visualize how midwives in delivery care reason regarding the new-born child's benefit from umbilical-cord-pH. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six certified midwives who worked in a delivery ward. Qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The result is presented in three categories: Umbilical-cord-pH is useful for children born poorly; Umbilical-cord-pH does not benefit the healthy child and Umbilical-cord-pH is taken (anyway) on all children. An overall theme links these categories: Ambivalence to routinely take Umbilical-cord-pH, which shows the ambivalence the midwives feel regarding umbilical-cord-pH on healthy children. Conclusion: The midwives follow the established routine and test the umbilical-cord-pH of all children. They emphasize that the umbilical-cord-pH is of great benefit to the child who is born poorly, a well-established routine provides safety. Nevertheless, midwives wish to make individual assessments of the healthy children. New guidelines are needed if this is to be done in a medically secure manner.
50
Bonilla, Paul Anthony. "Determinants of individual HIV/AIDS knowledge among women in Swaziland an analysis of individual, household, and community characterisitics in 2007 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646039336/viewonline.
Full text