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Journal articles on the topic 'Individual and legal act'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

FALA, Nicolae, and Mihail POALELUNGI. "Particularităţile construcţiei juridice ale suspendării executării actului administrativ individual defavorabil (partea I)." Studii Juridice Universitare 1 2021 (November 2, 2021): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639397.

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<strong>Peculiarities of the Legal Construction of the Suspension of the Execution of the Unfavorable Individual Administrative Act (Part I)</strong> Due to the uniform nature of the administrative procedure, the individual administrative act is the indispensable legal instrument through which public authorities tackle the modern tasks of public authorities. Administrative action must serve the effectiveness of the administration, as well as the interest of the citizen for a clear and permanent determination of their legal position. Thus, a distinction is made between the procedural function,

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2

Roi, O. V. "GENESIS OF LEGAL RESEARCH CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL ACT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 10 (2024): 304–7. https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2024-10/69.

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3

TOKAR, Alla, and Roman HAVRIK. "Administrative act in the system of public administration instruments: issues of definition and legal nature." Economics. Finances. Law 11/2024, no. - (2024): 26–29. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.11.4.

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In the paper, the authors conducted a study of the legal nature of an administrative act in the system of public administration instruments and the content of this concept in the administrative-legal doctrine and legislation on administrative procedure. It is noted that the law of the European Union and the legislation of individual European Union states defines an administrative act through the categories of individual legal acts, administrative-legal decisions of public administration bodies and administrative contracts with their participation, that is, through the instruments of activity o

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4

Crockett, Jean B. "Legal Aspects of Teaching Music Students with Disabilities." Music Educators Journal 104, no. 2 (2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027432117712802.

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The public education of students with disabilities in the United States is governed by federal policies that promote school improvement, protect students from discrimination, and provide those who need it with special education and related services to meet their individual needs. This article explains the legal aspects of teaching students with disabilities in the context of music education. Topics address promoting student achievement through the Every Student Succeeds Act, protecting individual access to the music curriculum under Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act, and prov

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5

Poberezhna, N. P. "SUSPENSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL ACT OR LEGAL ACT: BASED ON THE CASE LAW." Scientific notes of Taurida National V I Vernadsky University Series Juridical Sciences, no. 3 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/tnu-2707-0581/2021.3/011.

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6

Poberezhna, N. P. "SUSPENSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL ACT OR LEGAL ACT: BASED ON THE CASE LAW." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences, no. 3 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/tnu-2707-0581/2021.3/11.

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7

Roi, O. V. "The concept of an individual act as the subject of a public legal dispute." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (October 12, 2024): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.05.93.

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The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the definition of an individual act as the subject of a public-law dispute, which is extremely relevant at the current stage of reforming state institutions and harmonizing the legislation of Ukraine in the process of negotiations on joining the European Union. The article indicates that public-law disputes regarding the appeal of individual acts cover all spheres of the public life of citizens and are a direct consequence of the implementation of publicauthority management functions by subjects of authority. The state of administration of j

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8

Chang, Weimin, and Ralph Izard. "News Coverage of Patriot Act Focuses on Individual Liberty." Newspaper Research Journal 30, no. 4 (2009): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953290903000402.

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9

Buzescu, Gheorghe. "Legal irresponsibility." TechHub Journal 7 (December 31, 2024): 249–61. https://doi.org/10.47577/techhub.v7i.127.

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Committing a crime always creates an imbalance in society, requiring a reaction of "self-defense" from it. From the creation of the first forms of state organization, the task of punishing those who violated the norms of social coexistence was taken over by the state, no longer left exclusively to the injured parties. Initially, there was no clear distinction between forms of liability, with civil and criminal liability often conflated. Later, this distinction was made, with the state assuming the responsibility for criminal liability, while civil liability remained primarily the responsibilit

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10

Frantsuz-Yakovets, T. A., and O. O. Havrylenko. "COMPENSATION OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY PUBLIC ENTITIES IN THE SPHERE OF REGULATORY ACTIVITIES: SEPARATE THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." Legal Bulletin 64, no. 3 (2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31732/2708-339x-2022-03-42-47.

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This scientific article attempts to analyze the grounds for bringing public entities to tort liability for damage caused to individuals by the adoption of a legal act of individual action, which was later recognized as illegal and canceled in a court of law. The primary purpose of the adoption of normative legal acts is, in particular, the creation of additional conditions for the realization of the rights of individuals or their protection; in practice, situations often arise when the consequence of the adoption of a normative legal act is a violation of the rights of individuals or legal ent

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11

Davis, Corey S., and Sarah Somers. "National Health Care Reform and the Public's Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, S1 (2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00569.x.

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On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or the Act) into law. ACA aims to improve access to care and health outcomes through a number of mechanisms, including requiring most individuals to carry health insurance, prohibiting insurers from denying health insurance coverage based on pre-existing conditions, and creating exchanges through which individuals and families not eligible for employer- or government-sponsored health insurance may purchase coverage. While the Act is aimed primarily at improving individual health by increasing access t

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12

Grebenshikov, Anatoly V., and Alexander V. Zavgorodniy. "Grounds for the of an individual service relationship." Russian Journal of Labour & Law 13 (2023): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu32.2023.116.

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The legislator established certain features of the emergence of state-service legal relations. For the emergence of these relations, both the act of appointment to the position and the service contract are important. The article deals with the problems associated with the emergence of an individual state-service legal relationship between the state (state body) as an employer and a citizen or civil servant (employed) in the Russian Federation. A distinctive and main feature of the emergence of public-service legal relations between the employer and the citizen (state civil servant) is that the

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13

PIKINA, TATIANA. "LEGAL GROUNDS FOR LIMITING THE LEGAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL UNDER SPECIAL LEGAL REGIMES." LEGAL BULLETIN 4, no. 6 (2021): 121–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11185610.

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The need to ensure state security, as well as the life and health of citizens, increasingly forces the authorities to resort to measures that limit the legal status of the individual. New threats are emerging in various sectors of human life, and the most striking example of this is the pandemic caused by a new coronavirus infection. Some restrictions caused by the new coronavirus infection did not find support among the population, which caused dissatisfaction with the applied measures of influence. In our countr y, coronavirus restrictions were introduced not by a federal constitutional law,

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14

ALDEA, Adrian. "Caught in the act committed within domicile. E.c.h.r. insight." SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW 13(62), no. 2 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2020.13.62.4.1.

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According to a recent legislative amendment, while caught in the act, the police officer is entitled to enter a dwelling or a well-defined area that belongs to or is used by an individual or a legal entity, in any way , complying with the law, without having the consent of the owner or legal representative and without any search warrant. However, question arises whether the new legal provision is sufficiently reliable to achieve the purpose of the criminal proceedings.

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15

Kluban, M. V., and I. V. Panova. "The efficiency of the interim relief institution by suspending an individual or regulatory act." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 101, no. 2 (P. 1) (2023): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.2.10.

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The article analyses the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Code of Ukraine on interim relief through suspension of a regulatory legal act and examines the Supreme Court’s case law with regard to the efficiency of application of this administrative procedure institution. In fulfilling the main tasks of administrative proceedings, the institution of interim relief is of great importance, as it allows the plaintiff to protect his or her rights and interests at the stage of applying to an administrative court by suspending the effect of an unlawful decision of a public authority. In the c

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16

Марченко, Д. Э. "LEGAL ACTS OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS." Правовая мысль, no. 2(5) (February 15, 2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.legth.2022.5.2.002.

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В статье рассматриваются термины, которые используются в регламентах и инструкциях о делопроизводстве исполнительных органов власти с точки зрения принятых в теории государства и права понятий «правовой акт», «нормативный акт», «акт правоприменения», «локальный акт». Официально в министерствах и ведомствах нормативные акты издаются только высшим руководителем, акты остальных руководителей в силу ведомственных определений, даваемых в регламентах по обеспечению правовой деятельности, относят к индивидуальным правовым актам. Автор считает, что это не соответствует принятым в теории государства и

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17

Roi, O. V. "Formation of the concept of «individual act» in legislation: history and modernity." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 85 (2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.3.14.

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The article examines the issue of the formation of the concept of «individual act» in legislation with regard to ancient history and modernity. Ukraine is at the stage of reforming state institutions and legislation in general. It is indicated that the study of the history of the formation of the category of individual actions makes it possible to follow the path of development because of mistakes made that affected the effectiveness of the application of the regulatory framework. It is noted that individual acts, within more general problems, have been the subject of scientific research, but

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18

Anatoliy, Kostruba. "Nationalization in the Context of Property Relations Termination Mechanism." Право України, no. 8 (June 27, 2014): 225–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3757627.

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The law termination mechanism of proprietary legal relations is explained in this article using the way of adopting legal act about nationalization.  Nationalization as a reason of property rights termination is reviewed in some aspects. First is international legal aspect. It means that such legal phenomenon as the nationalization is a form of state sovereignty realization. The second aspect of nationalization as a type of proprietary relations termination has a private law character. It means that the nationalization as a way of property right termination is dem

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19

Amstrong Harefa and Jesslyn Elisandra Harefa. "Tiada Sesuatu Perbuatan Boleh Dijatuhi Pidana Melainkan Lewat Kekuatan Ketentuan Perundang-Undangan." Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2025): 683–97. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v4i2.5033.

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The principle of legality is a legal principle that states that every act may only be subject to sanctions if it has been stipulated in the legislation before the criminal act is committed. The research aims to analyze the necessity of a law before a criminal event occurs; analyze the assessment of an act that is not analogous; analyze the need for the principle of legality to protect individuals from arbitrary actions by judicial officers. The research method is the normative legal method, by adopting conventions, legislation, law books, journals, articles, the internet. Furthermore, comprehe

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20

Savinskiy, A. V. "Circumstances Excluding Criminality of an Act in the Light of the General Theory of Law." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.168.11.062-070.

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The paper is devoted to an actual problem of the legal theory and practice, namely: the institution of circumstances excluding criminal nature (criminality) of an act (Chapter 8 of the Russian Criminal Code). As a manifestation of criminal and legal compromise steadily strengthening its position in domestic criminal legislation, this legal phenomenon is intended to encourage citizens to commit actions that contribute to localization or minimization of threats to the interests of the individual, society and the state protected by the law. At the same time, despite seemingly clear legislative en

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21

Vasiljević, Mirko. "Company without act of incoporation." Pravo i privreda 60, no. 1 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_22101a.

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The general theory of companies based on specialized laws governing them is based on their naming and classification according to related characteristics (named companies). All companies have prescribed general constitutive (essential) elements which are common to them, the lack of which would entail invalid company, but each individual company, depending on the type, has some special elements which are added to the general ones with identical legal effect. In the context of the existence of the concept of legally named types of companies, the question arises of the possibility of the existenc

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22

Kim, Jasper. "Risky Business: Legal and Economic Perspectives on South Korea's Individual Debtor Rehabilitation Acts." International Studies Review 7, no. 2 (2006): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-00702004.

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Two years following the 1997-98 Korean financial crisis, the Korean government attempted to bolster consumer spending and re-invigorate the national economy by pursuing a series of policies that directly promoted the use of consumer credit cards. Subsequently, consumer credit card spiked upward, which led to a dramatic surge in individual debtor defaults. The government in response mode again thereafter initiated a three-pronged legislative effort to counter the post-1997 individual debtor polemic: (i) the Individual Debtor Rehabilitation Act (“IDRA” or the “Act”); (ii)) the Korea Asset Manage

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23

Slakoper, Zvonimir, and Saša Nikšić. "Due care under the Civil Obligations Act." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 44, no. 1 (2023): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.44.1.2.

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A provision requiring parties to obligations to act with due care is one of the basic provisions of the Obligations Act, and therefore applies to all obligations. This provision states types of due care, care of bonus pater familias, care of bonus businessman and care of bonus professional, but does not define either the way how to determine whether certain person acted with required care nor legal consequences of acting without it. The paper firstly analyzes and presents the application of this provision ratione materiae, ratione tempore and ratione personae. Then, in detail and concretely, f

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24

Ivanov, S. A. "THE IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL CULTURE IN THE FORMATION OF THE LE- GAL STATE." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 3(45) (October 10, 2021): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-3-45-22.

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The issues of legal culture in the formation of legal consciousness, society and the state are the most developed and studied. However, the problem of interaction of legal culture in the formation of the rule of law remains unresolved, which determines the relevance of further study of this issue. The article analyzes such categories of law as the concept, signs, types, levels and significance of legal culture in the process of forming a legal state. The author draws attention to such objects of research as the principles of the formation of the rule of law, its interaction with civil society

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25

Vdovichena, L. I. "Legal nature of notarial act: issues of normative regulation." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 85 (2024): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.2.38.

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In this article, the author examines the legal nature and content of a notarial act through the prism of its normative regulation. The author establishes that the legal term «notarial act» is perhaps the most commonly used in the acts of legislation on notary issues. However, despite the long-term use of this term and its indisputable importance in notarial activities, the legislator does not define it either at the constitutional level, or at the legislative level, or at the subordinate legislation level. It is determined that the features of notarial acts are a set of properties which make t

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26

Kuzmych, Vladislav. "SUBJECTS OF INITIATING THE ISSUE OF SECURING A CLAIM BY SUSPENSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL ACT OR NORMATIVE LEGAL ACT." Administrative law and process, no. 1(34) (2022): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2022.1.06.

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Purpose. The objective of the article is to identify problems related to the regulatory establishment of the subjects of initiating the issue of securing a claim by suspending the acts (individual acts or normative legal acts) of subjects of imperious plenary powers and suggest ways to solve them. Methods. A special formal-logical method has been applied in order to study the issue f compliance with the requirements of the principle of legal certainty in the normative consolidation of the subjects of initiating the issue of securing a claim by suspending the acts of the subjects of imperious p

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27

Aasen, Elin Margrethe, and Berit Misund Dahl. "Construction of patients’ position in Norway’s Patients’ Rights Act." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (2018): 2278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018791345.

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Background: Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations in 1948, human rights as set out in government documents have gradually changed, with more and more power being transferred to individual. Objectives: The aim of this article is to analyze how the position of the patient in need of care is constructed in Norway’s renamed and revised Patients’ and Service Users’ Rights Act (originally Patients’ Rights Act, 1999) and published comments which accompanying this legislation from the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Service. Research design: A cons

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28

Mroczkowski, Przemysław. "CHARAKTER PRAWNY ROZPORZĄDZENIA W PRZEDMIOCIE ZARZĄDZENIA WYBORÓW DO ORGANÓW JEDNOSTEK SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO." Studia Iuridica, no. 91 (November 12, 2022): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-91.12.

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In the article we try to determine the legal character of the act calling elections of local governments units’ authorities, regulation The source of controversy is that Polish legislature uses the same word (rozporządzenie, regulation) for different kinds of legal acts. Some of them regulate repetitive situations; they are of abstract and general nature. Other apply only to particular cases. In the article upon careful scrutiny of the character of the legal norms derived from the act calling elections, systemic comparison with similar types of legal acts, analysis of judicial opinions and leg

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29

Aleksandrowicz, Tomasz. "The Act on the National Cybersecurity System as an Implementation of the NIS Directive." Internal Security 12, no. 1 (2020): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3196.

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The article is devoted to the issue of the implementation of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) of 6 July 2016 on measures contributing to a high level of security of networks and information systems within the territory of the Union (the so-called NIS Directive) into the Polish legal system. In this context, the author analyses the Act on the National Cybersecurity System, presenting the system and its individual components. The subjects of consideration are the provisions of the Act on National Cybersecurity System of the Republic of Poland and other legal acts

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30

Smirnov, E. "On Transactions Using the Financial Platform." Auditor 7, no. 5 (2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-5-3-9.

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July marks one year since the adoption of the Federal Law of July 20, 2020 No. 211-FZ «On the execution of financial transactions using a fi nancial platform». Th e practice of applying this legal act has shown that it signifi cantly facilitated the access of individuals to fi nancial services and that it makes sense to extend its eff ect in terms of the use of financial platforms also to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.

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31

Ilić, Goran. "Marginalia along with criminal liability of legal entities act." Crimen 1, no. 2 (2010): 246–56. https://doi.org/10.5937/crimen1002246i.

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Although, almost two years passed by since Republic of Serbia has statutory regulated the matter of criminal liability of legal entities, in practice until now there haven't been cases in which these rules were applied. There are a lot of reasons for that, and one of them are certainly new normative solutions which criminal law optics, traditionally directed to individual subjectively liability of person as crime offender, displacing to legal entities and specific qualities which are the result of that. Because of that, in this work the retrospect is done on some new legal institutions, and be

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32

Jaśkowski, Marek. "Administrative Acts of the European Union." Polish Review of International and European Law 6, no. 2 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2017.6.2.02.

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In light of the transfer of the non-negligible extent of administrative competences from member states to the EU it is important not to deprive the interested individuals of legal guarantees, originally enjoyed by them under the national law of administrative procedure. Therefore, formal qualification of an act at the EU level should not result in diminishing individual procedural protection. With this assumption in mind the present contribution is intended to construe a notion of an administrative act of the European Union on the basis of national law conceptions of administrative acts. Subse

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Trzewik, Jacek. "Ustanowienie fundacji w testamencie – czynność prawna mortis causa czy inter vivos?" Przegląd Sejmowy 4(165) (2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2021.54.

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An unambiguous settlement of the legal nature of the act of establishing a foundation in a will is in fact a problematic issue. It seems obvious that it constitutes a legal act in the event of death. It seems that the view presented in the doctrine regarding the possibility of establishing a foundation in a will requires a certain correction. In casu it may transpire that such an act may be classified as a legal act between the living. This results from the possibility of making a distinction between the act of establishing a foundation in a will and the fact of establishing it as the benefici

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Lee, Jeffrey J., Deena Kelly, and Matthew D. McHugh. "Health Reform and the Constitutionality of the Individual Mandate." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 12, no. 4 (2011): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154411432645.

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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 is landmark legislation designed to expand access to health care for virtually all legal U.S. residents. A vital but controversial provision of the ACA requires individuals to maintain health insurance coverage or face a tax penalty—the individual mandate. We examine the constitutionality of the individual mandate by analyzing relevant court decisions. A critical issue has been defining the “activities” Congress is authorized to regulate. Some judges determined that the mandate was constitutional because the decision to go without he

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Dewi, Amelia Sri Kusuma. "Karakteristik Perseroan Perorangan Sebagai Perseroan Yang Memenuhi Kriteria Untuk Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil." Yurispruden : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang 5, no. 1 (2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/yur.v5i1.13747.

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One of the obstacles for micro and small businesses to develop is the low quality of organizational operations. The Employment Creation Act selects the legal entity form of an individual company in order to empower micro and small businesses. Based on the Employment Act, companies that meet the criteria for micro and small businesses can be established by one person, whereas so far a legal entity has been established based on an agreement of at least two shareholders. The author chooses the formulation of the problem regarding the fulfillment of an individual company as a company that meets th

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Linda Setiawati and Tutiek Retnowati. "The Legal Status of An Individual Company Based On The Copyright Law." YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains 18, no. 2 (2022): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/yurisdiksi.v18i2.128.

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One of the relatively dominant business entities in economic activity is the type of business entity in the form of a Limited Liability Company. In the case of sustainable development, one of the establishments of a PT which is establishment of a PT is at least 2 (two) people as stated in Article 7 paragraph (1) of the PT Law. It becomes a problem when a PT arrangement can be establishment by one person and then how is the responsibility for shareholders as in an individual company in the mandate of the Job Creation Act. The formulation of the problem proposed by the author is the legal ratio

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Safitri, Murni, and Iswi Hariyani. "Ratio Legis Pendirian Perseroan Perorangan Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja." Jurnal Ilmu Kenotariatan 3, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jik.v3i1.34915.

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Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation was prepared using the omnibus law concept. The Job Creation Law provides ease of doing business for MSE actors by presenting a new legal entity concept, namely an individual legal entity, in changing the regulatory provisions regarding Limited Liability Companies, namely Individual Companies. But of course, this is not following the limited principle that should be done by two people. This study aims to examine the legal ratio for the establishment of an individual company with the criteria for micro and small businesses and to examine the respons

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Slepnev, Fedor. "The Insignificance of the Act in Criminal Law and the Social Danger of the Individual." Юридические исследования, no. 10 (October 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.10.38732.

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The article is devoted to the issues of taking into account the social danger of the individual when differentiating minor acts and crimes. The subject of the work is the norms of law governing the institution of the insignificance of an act in criminal law, as well as law enforcement practice that develops in connection with the application of the norms on the insignificance of an act. In the course of the study, the author examines the evolution of Soviet and post-Soviet criminal legislation in terms of the norms governing the insignificance of the act, as well as the legal technique of thei

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39

Chianu, Emeka. "Bankers' Books Evidence Act: Its Abuse by the Nigerian Police." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 2 (2002): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500204.

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In developing countries, it is particularly necessary to be vigilant about possible abuses of authority including abuse of police power. Individual victims are often fearful of punishment if they dare to complain, while illiteracy and poverty contribute to ignorance of legal rights (even assuming that effective legal remedies do actually exist). The Nigerian Police Force already faces widespread criticism for alleged abuses of power, which it should therefore do all it can to avoid: in this article its abuse of the Bankers Books Evidence Act 1879 (hereafter ‘Capital BBEA’ or ‘the Act’) is exam

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Ayu, Hanuring. "Digital Vigilantism and Its Compatibility with Criminal Justice Principles in Indonesia." Easta Journal Law and Human Rights 3, no. 03 (2025): 190–97. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v3i03.637.

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Digital vigilantism, the act of individuals taking justice into their own hands through online platforms, has become increasingly prevalent in Indonesia. This phenomenon often arises in response to perceived inefficiencies or corruption in the formal legal system, where individuals bypass the judicial process to punish wrongdoers. This paper analyzes the compatibility of digital vigilantism with Indonesia's criminal justice principles, focusing on key legal norms such as due process, the right to a fair trial, and the rule of law. Through a normative legal analysis, this study evaluates how di

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Chvosta, Peter. "WHEN IS AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT? REQUIREMENTS FOR A DECISION IN AUSTRIA." Administrative law and process, no. 3(26) (2019): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.3.05.

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Decision or administrative act are the centerpiece of any administrative processing in Central Europe. Their goal is mostly the same in all countries: They provide for legal peace and legal clarity and are starting points for constitutional review of the state’s actions. After administrative act was defined and its whereabouts codified in the German Administrative Procedure Act, legal science turned to the problem of challenging it before an administrative court. It is argued that not so much the form, but rather the content of the act with all the supplement features is its distinctive featur

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Okuniev, Ihor. "Unconstitutionality of legal acts as a kind of invalidity in law." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 4(49) (February 25, 2025): 74–84. https://doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2024-4(49)-6.

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The article studies the content of the concept of unconstitutionality of legal acts, its correlation with the related concept of invalidity of legal acts. According to the author, the concept of invalidity cannot be considered exclusively a category of private law. One of the varieties of invalidity in public law is the unconstitutionality of legal acts. Analysis of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine allows us to conclude that the concept of «unconstitutionality of the legal act», first of all, means the inconsistency of the legal act with the norms of the Basic Law of Ukraine establishe

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Morgan, Jonathan. "Questioning the ‘true effect’ of the Human Rights Act." Legal Studies 22, no. 2 (2002): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2002.tb00192.x.

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One of the most important issues arising from the Human Rights Act 1998 is the degree of its applicability, if any, to relations between private individuals. While the wording of the Act itself provides no clear guidance on the matter, and a wide-ranging spectrum of potential outcomes has been identified, there is an emerging academic consensus that the Act will have some horizontal effect – but limited to enabling development of the existing common law, and not extending to provision of new actions and remedies. This paper seeks to challenge that consensus. Fidelity to the jurisprudence of th

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B. Nyssanbekova, Lyazzat, Eugenia Kurzynsky-Singer, Zhuldyz T. Sairambaeva, Shaimardan M. Sharipov, and Ilyas K. Kuderin. "The role of the individual in the protection of their rights and interests in international courts." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 1 (August 2020): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2020-001024.

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The article deals with the theoretical issue of the legal personality of an individual. The main focus was on whether an individual is a subject of international law or not. The authors analyzed the provisions of normative legal acts of the interna-tional and national level of legal regulation of the citizen's right to appeal to state authorities and local self-government. The authors analyze the conservative view that only collective actors, such as states or state organizations (like the United Na-tions), can be subject to the rights and obligations of international law. This is what the art

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Mohajerani, Ali, Hamid Roustaei Sadrabadi, Nasrollah Jafari Khosrowabadi, and Raziyeh Nazari. "Validation of Collective Responsibility in the Iranian Legal System." Legal Studies in Digital Age 3, no. 3 (2024): 108–17. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.lsda.3.3.9.

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In the Iranian legal system, the fundamental principle is that of individual responsibility. Although the legislature has recognized collective responsibility in certain cases, this type of liability has not yet been considered as a fully developed legal institution with defined assumptions and requirements. At first glance, accepting the notion that the Iranian legal system recognizes collective responsibility may seem difficult and unlikely; however, a closer examination of statutory laws reveals that the Iranian legislature has indeed referred to the collective nature of liability within ci

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Hwang, Chang Yong. "A Study on Reorganization of the Legal Framework of the Private Investment Act and Other Individual Laws on Private Investment Projects in Infrastructure." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 40, no. 4 (2024): 165–86. https://doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2024.40.4.165.

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In our country, private investment projects related to infrastructure include those based on the Private Investment Act and other individual laws. In the case of road facilities, a private investment project for road facilities can be pursued under the Private Investment Act or under the Toll Road Act. Both legal bases allow for implementation of private investment projects. Therefore, even though the infrastructure is the same, the competent authority or private operators can choose one of these laws at their discretion to carry out the private investment project. The Private Investment Act d

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Puzyrnyi, V., and L. Shestak. "INDIVIDUAL PROBLEMS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL QUALIFICATION OF OFFENSES RELATED TO CORRUPTION." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2024, no. 3 (2024): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2024.03.074.

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The article analyzes the problems that arise in the process of administrative and legal qualification of offenses related to corruption, the responsibility for which is established by the provisions of Chapter 13-A of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. The authors defend the idea that the correct and complete qualification can be carried out only when the presence of all the elements of the misdemeanor is proven, the circumstances that mitigate and/or aggravate the responsibility are determined, and the presence of optional elements of an administrative offense of the objective or

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Yu, Qiuyu. "The Jurisprudential Rationale Behind LGBTQ Anti-Discrimination Law." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 65, no. 1 (2024): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/65/2024mu0046.

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Abstract: This essay examines the philosophical and legal rationale underpinning the criminalization of discriminatory behaviour against LGBTQ individuals, highlighting how anti-discrimination law serves as a regulatory mechanism. It explores three jurisprudential approaches: the moral wrongdoing approach, the individual autonomy approach, and the community welfare approach, analysing how each justifies the prohibition of discrimination. The essay argues that the balance between individual autonomy and community welfare forms the foundation of LGBTQ anti-discrimination law, ensuring that legal

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Omonov, Zafarjon. "Signs Of The Subjective Side Torture Of The Individual." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, no. 03 (2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue03-10.

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The article discusses the required and necessary elements of a crime, subjective symptoms mentioned in criminal legal norms, independent elements of torture, to be separate study, highlights the subjective aspect of torture, the behavior of persons, including illegal, its external (physical) and internal (mental) side, the processes in the psyche of the perpetrator, the act or omission, committed socially dangerous acts intentionally or negligently, the circumstances of guilt as mental attitudes, analyzes the circumstances of mental attitude as consisting of 1) smart time 2) the date of the wi

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Habuda, Adam. "Przyroda i jej elementy. Przedmiot ochrony prawnej czy podmioty prawa?" Radca Prawny, no. 1 (34) (August 3, 2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921943rp.23.005.18264.

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Nature and its elements. Objects of legal protection or subjects of law? The article discusses the legal status of nature and its selected elements. The author confronts the achievements of legal thought with the postulates of strengthening nature protection by empowering some of its resources. The author discusses whether the current legal order, which undoubtedly treats nature and the environment as objects of legal protection, allows for treating nature (environment) and its elements as subjects of law. The foundations of the legal protection of the environment, including nature, are presen

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