Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individual language picture of the world'

The thesis belongs to the field of lexical semantics studies, associated with describing the Russian linguistic world-image. The research focuses on the universal situation of purchase and sale as reflected in the Russian lexical standard and sub-standard. The work deals also with subjects related to the sphere of social linguistics: the social stratification of the language, the structure of sub-standard, etc. The thesis is a contribution to the description of the Russian linguistic world-image as well as to the further elaboration of the conceptional analysis method. The results are applicable in teaching Russian as a foreign language, particularly in lexis and Russian culture and mentality studies.

Пареміологічна картина світу є важливою складовою національної картини світу. У науковій літературі пареміологічна картина світу визначається як «найбільш специфічний національно і культурно маркований фрагмент мовної картини світу, у якому «дух народу», особливості його світобачення і ціннісні пріоритети, моральний та естетичний досвід і знання етносу, ключові правила етикету віддзеркалюються найбільш виразно». Інакше кажучи, у пареміях відображено всі аспекти і сфери діяльності буття людини, паремії становлять собою певний морально-етичний код тієї чи іншої нації, розкривають особливості менталітету цієї нації, висвітлюють її цінності.

The nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw the development of technologies for externalizing human memory beyond writing, painting, and sculpting. These modes of visual representation, namely photography and cinema carried with them a purported objective representation of reality, which has been used to create classifications, divide people groups, and construct grand historical narratives used to marginalize those that do not fit within the hegemonic center. Looking to the works of writer W.G. Sebald, and filmmaker Chris Marker, we see a complication of the divide between visual and verbal texts, as each artist deconstructs their own medium’s conventions. Using theories of ekphrasis to draw connections between verbal and visual representation, we see how Sebald and Marker explore notions of memory, identity, and history as they struggle with the impossibility of representing the great traumas of the twentieth century.

This article is an attempt to examine phraseological units, proverbs and sayings as a way of representing the linguistic picture of the world in the Russian and the Italian languages. The article provides an overview of the most common stereotypes about the Russian people, such as alcohol abuse, the beauty of the Russian women and sadness as a spesific feature of the Russian character. These sterotypes are analyzed through the phraseological units, proverbs and sayings of the Russian and the Italian languages and compared between the two cultures.

Концепт «вік» безпосередньо пов'язаний з концептом «час» і не мислиться без нього, так як його існування поза часом неможливо. Це пов'язано з тим, що вікові концепти (дитинство, підлітковий вік, молодість, середній вік і старість) представляють собою такі ментальні структури, які «інкапсулюють тимчасові ознаки» [2, 179], експліцитно або імпліцитно відображені в словниковій дефініції. Наприклад, лексема teenager, будучи репрезентантом концепту підлітковий вік, визначається в словникових дефініціях наступним чином: «someone who is between 13 and 19 years old».

La ricerca offre per la prima volta una disamina ampia, approfondita ed aggiornata degli studi linguistici post-sovietici dedicati alla Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira; essi dimostrano, attraverso l’analisi semantica delle parole-chiave della lingua russa, l’esistenza di concetti glotto-specifici, e dunque l’esistenza di un quadro del mondo veicolato dalla lingua russa. Nella ricerca viene indagato dapprima il contesto storico-culturale che ha portato al sorgere dell’indirizzo linguistico della RJaKM e viene mostrato il legame esistente tra le ricerche sulla RJaKM e lo sviluppo degli studi di semantica lessicale, nonché l’apporto della linguistica occidentale all’evoluzione della linguistica sovietica. Individuati poi i rappresentanti attualmente più autorevoli degli studi sulla RJaKM - la Scuola di Anna Wierzbicka e la Scuola Semantica di Mosca per la descrizione integrale della lingua e la lessicografia sistemica - si considerano in modo sistematico e comparativo i principi teorici alla base delle rispettive concezioni linguistiche e i metodi di analisi semantica, applicati alla parola russa smirenie, valutandone la loro efficacia. Quindi, si presentano alcune applicazioni della RJaKM e si indicano alcuni strumenti linguistici e lessicografici innovativi, utilizzati o prodotti all’interno di tali studi, particolarmente utili nella didattica della lingua e della linguistica russa. Infine, si offre una valutazione conclusiva del fenomeno studiato, individuando nuove vie di ricerca nell’ambito dell’analisi linguistico-culturale.<br>This dissertation represents the first extensive and updated research of the post-Soviet linguistic studies dedicated to Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira. These studies demonstrate the existence of specific language ideas through a semantic analysis of the keywords of the Russian language. As a consequence, these studies also display a perspective on the world vehiculated by the Russian language. The research opens with an investigation of the historical and cultural context that lead to RJaKM’s linguistic disposition and it shows the existing link between analysis on RJaKM and the development of the studies on lexical semantics. It also shows how western linguistics contributed to the evolution of Soviet linguistics. After mentioning the most authoritative and representative experts on RJaKM, such as Anna Wierzkicka’s School and the Moscow Semantic School for the Integrated Description of Language and Systematic Lexicography, this dissertation systematically and comparatively considers the theoretical principles at the base of both schools linguistic ideas and methods of semantic analysis, applying them to the Russian word ‘smirenie,’ and consequently evaluating their effectiveness. As an outcome, this research presents some possible applications of RJaKM and it indicates some innovative linguistic and lexicographic tools which were either employed or even produced at the bosom of RJaKM studies and are especially useful for the teaching of the Russian language and linguistics. In conclusion, this dissertation offers a final evaluation of the studied phenomena, defining new research paths in the fields of linguistics and cultural analysis.

La ricerca offre per la prima volta una disamina ampia, approfondita ed aggiornata degli studi linguistici post-sovietici dedicati alla Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira; essi dimostrano, attraverso l’analisi semantica delle parole-chiave della lingua russa, l’esistenza di concetti glotto-specifici, e dunque l’esistenza di un quadro del mondo veicolato dalla lingua russa. Nella ricerca viene indagato dapprima il contesto storico-culturale che ha portato al sorgere dell’indirizzo linguistico della RJaKM e viene mostrato il legame esistente tra le ricerche sulla RJaKM e lo sviluppo degli studi di semantica lessicale, nonché l’apporto della linguistica occidentale all’evoluzione della linguistica sovietica. Individuati poi i rappresentanti attualmente più autorevoli degli studi sulla RJaKM - la Scuola di Anna Wierzbicka e la Scuola Semantica di Mosca per la descrizione integrale della lingua e la lessicografia sistemica - si considerano in modo sistematico e comparativo i principi teorici alla base delle rispettive concezioni linguistiche e i metodi di analisi semantica, applicati alla parola russa smirenie, valutandone la loro efficacia. Quindi, si presentano alcune applicazioni della RJaKM e si indicano alcuni strumenti linguistici e lessicografici innovativi, utilizzati o prodotti all’interno di tali studi, particolarmente utili nella didattica della lingua e della linguistica russa. Infine, si offre una valutazione conclusiva del fenomeno studiato, individuando nuove vie di ricerca nell’ambito dell’analisi linguistico-culturale.<br>This dissertation represents the first extensive and updated research of the post-Soviet linguistic studies dedicated to Russkaja Jazykovaja Kartina Mira. These studies demonstrate the existence of specific language ideas through a semantic analysis of the keywords of the Russian language. As a consequence, these studies also display a perspective on the world vehiculated by the Russian language. The research opens with an investigation of the historical and cultural context that lead to RJaKM’s linguistic disposition and it shows the existing link between analysis on RJaKM and the development of the studies on lexical semantics. It also shows how western linguistics contributed to the evolution of Soviet linguistics. After mentioning the most authoritative and representative experts on RJaKM, such as Anna Wierzkicka’s School and the Moscow Semantic School for the Integrated Description of Language and Systematic Lexicography, this dissertation systematically and comparatively considers the theoretical principles at the base of both schools linguistic ideas and methods of semantic analysis, applying them to the Russian word ‘smirenie,’ and consequently evaluating their effectiveness. As an outcome, this research presents some possible applications of RJaKM and it indicates some innovative linguistic and lexicographic tools which were either employed or even produced at the bosom of RJaKM studies and are especially useful for the teaching of the Russian language and linguistics. In conclusion, this dissertation offers a final evaluation of the studied phenomena, defining new research paths in the fields of linguistics and cultural analysis.

В магістерській роботі розглянуто професійно-мовну картину світу економіста в сучасному канадійському дискурсі та її репрезентація українською мовою Магістерська робота містить такі розділи: лінгвістична репрезентація мовної картини світу в сучасних філологічних та перекладацьких студіях; лінгвістичні особливості професійно-мовної картини світу економіста в сучасному канадійському дискурсі;репрезентація професійно-мовної картини світу економіста в сучасному канадійському дискурсі українською мовою. В процесі роботи зроблено висновки щодо професійної мовної картини світу економіста та визначено найбільш доцільні прийоми перекладу економічної термінології<br>During the study the economist’s professional language picture of the world of in modern Canadian discourse and its representation in Ukrainian were studied and analyzed. The work contains the following sections: language representation of the language picture of the world in modern philological and translation studies; language features of the professional-language picture of the economist's world in modern Canadian discourse, representation of the professional-language picture of the economist's world in modern Canadian discourse in Ukrainian. The research results formulate the conclusions about the professional language picture of the world of economists and the most expedient methods of translation of economic terminology.

1 The aim of the thesis is the reconstruction of the linguistic image of "Friend and foe" category on the basis of the selected hip-hop texts. The theoretical part of the work will be devoted to the basic aspects of the linguistic image of the world theory and also the history of the hip hop music genre of in Poland. Material for the analytical part of the thesis will be texts of selected artists of the older (e.g. Stare Miasto, Kaliber 44, Liroy, Wzgórze Ya-Pa 3), and also the younger Polish hip-hop generation (e.g. O.S.T.R., Donatan, Małpa, Taco Hemingway). Using their content analysis, the author tries to reconstruct the "Friend and foe" category image based on subcategories, such as "My place", "My person", "My life ideals" as well as "internal enemy" and "external enemy". Texts from different time periods will be analysed, which will allow to answer the question of how and whether the reconstructed image changes over time.

Михайлова В. В. Концептосфера оповідань Оксани Забужко : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 035 “Філологія” / наук. керівник С. В. Сабліна. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 68 с.<br>UA : Кваліфікаційна робота магістра ‟Концептосфера оповідань Оксани Забужко” містить 68 сторінок. Для виконання кваліфікаційної роботи магістра дібрано близько 200 фрагментів уживання концептів, опрацьовано 70 наукових джерел. Об’єктом дослідження стали авторські концепти в оповіданнях Оксани Забужко. Предметом дослідження були набір маркерів, структура й специфіка вербальної експлікації авторських концептів Оксани Забужко. Мета роботи - розкриття вербальної специфіки авторських концептів в оповіданнях Оксани Забужко в усій багатоплановості їх мовностильової реалізації. У процесі дослідження виконано такі завдання: 1) виявлено сучасні підходи до опису концептуальної та мовної картини світу у вітчизняному мовознавстві; 2) розроблено відповідну до матеріалу стратегію опису авторських концептів в оповіданнях О. Забужко; 3) визначено семантичну, контекстуальну, синтаксичної сполучуваності й кількісну специфіку авторських концептів в оповіданнях Оксани Забужко; 4)описано структуру й специфіку вербальної експлікації мовностилістичними засобами авторських концептів Оксани Забужко. Дослідження велося із застосуванням методів лінгвоконцептуального аналізу, системно-функційного методу, методу стилістичного аналізу, методу контекстуального й текстоцентричного аналізу вербалізації.<br>EN : Master’s thesis "Conceptosphere of Oksana Zabuzhko's stories" contains 68 pages. About 200 fragments of the use of concepts were selected for the master's qualification work, 72 scientific sources were processed. The object of research was the author's concepts in the stories of Oksana Zabuzhko. The subject of the research was a set of markers, structure and specifics of verbal explication of Oksana Zabuzhko's authorial concepts. The purpose of the work was to reveal the verbal specifics of the author's concepts in Oksana Zabuzhko's stories in all the multifacetedness of their linguistic and stylistic realization. In the course of the research the following tasks were performed: 1) modern approaches to the description of the conceptual and linguistic picture of the world in domestic linguistics were revealed; 2) the strategy of description of author's concepts in Zabuzhko's stories corresponding to the material was developed; 3) the semantic, contextual, syntactic compatibility and quantitative specificity of the author's concepts in Oksana Zabuzhko's stories were determined; 4) the structure and specifics of verbal explication by linguistic stylistic means of Oksana Zabuzhko's authorial concepts were described. The research was conducted using the methods of linguo-conceptual analysis, system-functional method, method of stylistic analysis, method of contextual and text-centric analysis of verbalization.

Przedmiotem rozprawy jest obraz Boga w czterech wybranych językach ugrofińskich: węgierskim, fińskim, estońskim i udmurckim (wotiackim). Podstawę metodologiczną stanowi teoria językowego obrazu świata według koncepcji Jerzego Bartmińskiego. Wynika ona z założenia, że struktura języka może wpływać na sposób postrzegania i organizowania rzeczywistości. Celem rozprawy jest rekonstrukcja – na podstawie danych pochodzących z poszczególnych języków – zachowanych w nich obrazów Boga. Wyniki badań prezentuję w formie definicji kognitywnej, co oznacza uwzględnienie wszelkich cech, które można wydobyć z zebranego materiału, bez ograniczania się jedynie do charakterystyk koniecznych i wystarczających. W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiłem teorię językowego obrazu świata, jak również opierającą się na podobnych założeniach teorię relatywizmu językowego Sapira i Whorfa, ilustrowaną przykładami nieprzystawalności językowych. Opisałem także naturalny metajęzyk semantyczny Anny Wierzbickiej oparty na elementarnych pojęciach prostych i uniwersalnych. Drugi rozdział dotyczy samego pojęcia Boga. Na początku przedstawiłem jego ogólną definicję religioznawczą, aby następnie skupić się na obrazie wynikającym z założeń konkretnych religii, przede wszystkim chrześcijaństwa. Dla poparcia tezy o znaczeniu tej religii dla badanego tematu przedstawiłem strukturę wyznaniową narodów posługujących się czterema badanymi językami. Uwzględniłem także czynnik historyczny, aby mieć pewność, że dane wyznanie jest obecne wystarczająco długo wśród rodzimych użytkowników danego języka, aby mogło wpłynąć na kształtowanie się utrwalanego przez pokolenia w tym języku obrazu świata, uważanego przez jego użytkowników za oczywisty i naturalny. Z danych tych wynika, że na utrwalony w nich obraz Boga mogą mieć wpływ doktryny katolicyzmu (głównie w przypadku Węgrów), luteranizmu (głównie w przypadku Finów i Estończyków), kalwinizmu (głównie w przypadku Węgrów), prawosławia (głównie w przypadku Udmurtów) i unitarianizmu (wyznawanego wśród mniejszości węgierskiej w Rumunii). Wszystkie one opierają się na Biblii, dlatego w rozdziale tym przedstawiłem wynikający z lektury Starego i Nowego Testamentu obraz Boga. Wyłaniający się z oficjalnych tekstów (takich jak wyznania wiary, postanowienia soborów, katechizmy i inne księgi wyznaniowe) wymienionych wyżej denominacji obraz Boga jest zasadniczo zbieżny. Wyjątek stanowi ujęcie unitariańskie, negujące dogmat trynitarny. W pracy opisałem również kilka religii rodzimych: żywą do chwili obecnej politeistyczną religię udmurcką, odgrywające pewną rolę głównie w okresie międzywojennym neopogaństwo estońskie oraz utrwalone w Kalevali elementy fińskiego politeizmu. Kolejne cztery rozdziały dotyczą obrazu Boga w czterech badanych językach. Wszystkie zostały zbudowane według podobnego schematu, jednak nie są symetryczne, co wynika z różnicy w dostępności źródeł dla poszczególnych języków. Po przedstawieniu etymologii przeszedłem do zasadniczej części materiałowej. Można tu wyróżnić trzy grupy źródeł: słowniki objaśniające, zbiory przysłów i inne teksty (fiński epos Kalevala i teksty udmurckich modlitw) oraz ankiety internetowe. W poszczególnych rozdziałach przytoczyłem i przetłumaczyłem na język polski eksplikacje pochodzące z jednojęzycznych słowników objaśniających. Eksplikacje te dotyczyły zarówno poszczególnych znaczeń wyrazów isten, jumala, jumal i инмар, jak również notowanych przez te słowniki wyrazów od nich derywowanych i wyrazów złożonych. Obraz Boga w czterech badanych językach wykazuje duże podobieństwa, zarówno w etymologiach, w eksplikacjach słownikowych, jak i w przysłowiach i powiedzeniach oraz dłuższych tekstach (takich jak fiński epos Kalevala i teksty udmurckich modłów) i w wynikach ankiet. Paralele te są widoczne przy porównywaniu sporządzonych dla każdego języka definicji kognitywnych, umieszczonych na końcu każdego rozdziału poświęconego danemu językowi. Niektóre elementy wspólne mogą stanowić pozostałość dawnych wierzeń ugrofińskich, takie jak prawdopodobna zbieżność etymologiczna udmurckiego imienia Inmar i fińskiego Ilmari(nen) oraz kojarzenie Boga z nacechowaną pozytywnie bielą, o czym świadczą przykłady z języka estońskiego (jumalavalge 'bożobiały') i udmurckiego: тӧдьы инмар (töddzi inmar) 'biały bóg'. Jednakże większość podobieństw najprawdopodobniej wynika z dwóch przyczyn. Po pierwsze, na wszystkie cztery narody posługujące się badanymi językami duży wpływ wywarło i nadal wywiera chrześcijaństwo, tak więc obraz Boga w poszczególnych językach jest zasadniczo zgodny z obrazem znanym z Biblii i z nauczania Kościołów chrześcijańskich. Po drugie, bóg najwyższy albo bóg jedyny siłą rzeczy jest wyobrażany w różnych kulturach w podobny sposób – jako wszechmocna postać przebywająca w niebie (to, co u góry jest wartościowane pozytywnie), panująca nad pogodą i wpływająca na los ludzi, którzy są zobowiązani do oddawania jej czci.<br>The dissertation discusses the linguistic picture of God (or gods) in four Finno-Ugric languages, namely Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian and Udmurt. With the inclusion of one of the smaller Finno-Ugric languages, it has been made possible to demonstrate a fuller view of the language family, by completing a gap caused by the fact that the two largest Finno-Ugric languages (Hungarian and Finnish) are also the two most distant from each other. This phylogenetic distance between the Hungarian language and Balto-Finnic languages (like Finnish and Estonian) is one of the reasons for the existence of many cultural differences between them. Although the majority of Hungarians, Finns, Estonians and Udmurts are at least culturally Christian and the history of the respective peoples has been shaped by the Christianity, they have also retained some elements of their pre-Christian beliefs, which is the reason for the „(or gods)” part of the title. In the first chapter I am presenting the history of linguistic research on the topics of linguistic relativity and linguistic picture of the world. I am mentioning works of John Locke, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ronald W. Langacker, Teresa Hołówka, Leonard Bloomfield, Baudouin de Courtenay, Bronisław Malinowski, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jerzy Bartmiński, Renata Grzegorczykowa and Janusz Bańczerowski. A separate section has been devoted to the concept of Natural Semantic Metalanguage developed by Anna Wierzbicka. I present the theory of the linguistic picture of the world (Językowy Obraz Świata = JOS) according to Jerzy Bartmiński. In the second chapter I present the religious structure (both past and present) of respective peoples – Hungarians (both those living in Hungary and those living in Romania), Finns, Estonians and Udmurts. Subsequently, I present the official Christian picture of God, as shown in the Bible and in other Christian texts, like the confessions of faith of different ecclesiastical bodies: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism (both Lutheran and Reformed) as well as of Unitarianism. The next four chapters are discussing the picture of God in respective languages. The third chapter begins with citing different etymologies of the Hungarian word isten, followed by the analysis of its dictionary entries. I take into account also its derivatives and compounds. Next section is about the picture of God reconstructed in Hungarian proverbs. Then, results of an on-line survey are discussed. The chapter is completed by a summary and a proposed cognitive definition of the word isten. The fourth chapter concerns the Finnish language. It shows origin of the word jumala, its occurrence in dictionaries and in proverbs. A special section is discussing the picture of gods in Finnish national epic, that is Kalevala, mainly the supreme god of sky called Ukko. A survey and a cognitive definition are presented afterwards. The fifth chapter is about the picture of God in Estonian language, reconstructed from the lexical data concerning the word jumal, proverbs featuring the word, and websurvey. Information about Estonian pantheon and neopagan religious movements is also provided. In the last of the researched languages – Udmurt – there exists more than one main theonym. I describe in detail both Инмар and Кылдысин – their etymologies and occurrence in dictionaries. Texts of Udmurt pagan prayers are also analysed, as well as the feedback of the websurvey. The dissertation is completed with a comparition of the four linguistic pictures of God. Similarities are found, but they are more likely explainable as resulting from the influence of Christian worldview and not as any proof of one common Finno-Ugric religion.

Магистерская работа посвящена исследованию концепта здоровье в русской и китайской лингвокультуре с опорой на фонд паремий двух национальных культур. В работе на основе паремий русского и китайского языков выделены культурные смыслы концепта здоровье и проведен сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ русских и китайских паремий как средств выражения культурной информации в языковой картине мира.<br>Master's work is devoted to the concept of health in the Russian and Chinese linguistic culture, drawing on the fund of proverbs of two national cultures. In this work, based on Russian and Chinese proverbs were marked the cultural meanings of the concept Health and was conducted comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese proverbs as a method of expressing cultural information in the language picture of the world

The dissertation is devoted to the complex comparative analysis of the semantics of lexical units of lexical-semantic field smell. The work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion, lists of bibliography and dictionaries. There are the volume and composition of lexico-semantic fields smell defined, principles of its organization in Russian and Chinese languages identified, the semantics of the nuclear units and comparative analysis of sites of lexico-semantic field describes, the national specifics of Russian olfaktor’s picture of the world in comparison with the Chinese shows in the work. This work is intended for specialists who are interested in the similarities and differences between the Chinese and Russian language picture of the world.<br>Диссертация посвящена комплексному сопоставительному анализу семантики лексических единиц лексико-семантического поля запах. Работа включает введение, три главы, заключение, списки использованной литературы и словарей. В работе определены объем и состав лексико-семантического поля, выявлены принципы его организации в русском и китайском языках, описана семантика ядерных единиц и проведен сопоставительный анализ участков лексико-семантического поля, показана национальная специфика русской ольфакторной картины мира в сопоставлении с китайской. Работа предназначена для специалистов, которых интересуют сходства и различия между русской и китайской языковыми картинами мира.

The dissertation is devoted to the cultural study of Russian concept HONEY. The complex analysis of the semantics and functioning of the tokens HONEY was given. The structure of a concept was identified; its place in the Russian linguistic picture of the world was defined. Based on dictionaries of the Russian language, texts of modern journalism, as well as on the results of Psycholinguistic experiments was proven the dynamics of the semantic evolution of the word HONEY; were identified new meanings which are not recorded in the dictionaries.<br>Диссертация посвящена лингвокультурологическому исследованию русского концепта МЁД. Проведен комплексный анализ семантики и функционирования лексемы МЁД, выявлена структура концепта, показано его место в русской языковой картине мира. На материале словарей русского языка, текстов современной публицистики, а также по результатам психолингвистических экспериментов в диссертации доказана динамика семантического развития слова МЁД, выявлены новые смыслы, не зафиксированные толковыми словарями.

This thesis engages in the language acquistion of the mother tongue (czech) and the second language (English) in preschool age and discribes the development of child language competence in both languages based on available theories, results of illustrative research and one-year observation in kindergarten with bilingual education program. In the beginning, there are defined theories which engaged in past and engage today (from 20th century till the present day) in study of language acquisition. In addition of these theories we focus factors which influence on the language development of children and consideration even theory of children's linguistic picture of the world. We compare the development of language competence (phonetic-phonological, semantic, grammatical, communication, pragmatic and vocabulary) in first language (czech) which are defined in agreement with available theories with empirical discoveries which indicate the development of those competence in second language (English) and we discribe partial methodological processes.

The aim of the interdisciplinary doctoral dissertation is to answer the research question What is a neologism? The research was inspired by the methodology relying on three types of data that J. Bartmiński specifies for studying stereotypes as part of the language picture of the world, i. e. systemic, textual and empirical data. Neologisms are expounded by confronting the linguistic, media and everyday picture of the world with the use an explicative characteristic including connotations of the concept. After introducing the neologism within the context of words marked stylistically with respect to time, the exposition is structured according to (non- homogeneous) criteria, on the basis of which neologisms in the reviewed literature are defined: the criterion of existence, the criterion of time, the lexicographic criterion, the psychological criterion, the structural criterion, the criterion of variety and the criterion of instability and stability. The media image of neologism was examined using the qualitative-quantitative method of content analysis in 93 media texts from 2006 and 2007, and 2016 and 2017. The empirical data were obtained by questionnaires from 2017 and 2018 with 100 respondents aged 11 to 81. In summary, the concept of neologisms is understood as a very heterogeneous one. A list...

Anotation The aim of the thesis is to reconstruct the image of the Polish Church in selected reportages by Wojciech Tochman and Justyna Kopińska. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first - theoretical - will deal with the history and specifics of Polish reportage and the most important theories about building a picture of the world. The second will contain information about selected authors and their publications. Its essential part, however, will be devoted to the analysis and attempt to reconstruct the image of the Polish Church, presented in selected texts, from the point of view of several reference points, those will be the reporter, the hero and the story described. Keywords A picture of the world in language, Polish reportage, Polish church, Justyna Kopińska, Wojciech Tochman

The thesis The Picture of Polish and Poland in the Language Textbooks for Czech reconstructs the image of Poland and Polish in the textbooks, grammar and other language books, which are addressed to Czech recipients. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part consists of three main sections, which are based on the secondary literature, the first focuses on the the linguistic picture of the world, the second deals with the stereotypes and the prototypes and the third aims at the didactics of foreign languages in the Czech and Polish background. The purpose of the practical part is, based on an analysis of selected topics, to create a coherent picture of Polish and Poland. The topics include, for example, the roles of a man and woman in the Polish family, the characteristics of the Poles, spending time, cuisine and eating, names and surnames, description of historical events etc.

HAVELKOVÁ, L. Culturological aspects in lessons of Russian and German (based on the material regarding Czech, Russian and German lores) : Dissertation thesis. Praha : Univerzita Karlova, 2011. 254 p. Supervisor: PhDr. Hana Žofková, CSc. Key words: communicative competence, comparison of lores, (folk)lores, foreign-language education, language picture of the world, sociolinguistic competence, use of lores in foreing- language teaching Abstract: The dissertation thesis deals with culturological aspects of foreign-language education when concentrating on folklores, their culturological potential, their comparison and the possibility of their use in German and Russian language class work. The thesis is dedicated to the issue that has not been either theoretically or practically developed yet. The main objective was the discovery whether folklores can be used in foreign-language education while shaping communicative competence and eventually how they can be used. The thesis comes out from general relation between a language and culture, from knowledge about national culture and its components and from the analysis of basic modern linguistic didactic principles. The theoretical part explains basic terms and relations towards related disciplines which are crucial for the issue solution as well as the communicative...

Theory of Frames and its Educational Possibilities Jan Huleja Czech Language Departement PhDr. Ladislav Janovec, Ph.D. Abstract The dissertation Theory of Frames and its Educational Possibilities consists of a theoretical, practical and didactic chapter. The theme of the first chapter is the Theory of Frames that includes a variety of concepts and theoretical views across different humanities and social disciplines that discuss how individuals, groups and societies perceive and organize reality and how they communicate about it. In the next part of the dissertation the application Frames of Ostrava in the Czech Linguistic Picture of the World demonstrates the potential of the Theory of Frames for cultural-linguistic and discourse analyzes. It analyses an extensive and representative sample of Czech language material (text, system and empirical language data) and attempts to reconstruct the Czech linguistic picture of Ostrava. We are focusing on what frames the picture of Ostrava is composed of, i. e. how it is predominantly portrayed by the users of the Czech language, how they narrate about it. At the same time our aim is to present Ostrava as a significant Czech cultural and social phenomenon evoked by such lexical units and structured by such conceptual means that are unmistakably "Ostravian" in the text...

The thesis focuses on the conceptual area of sleeping (including waking, dreaming etc.) based on the theories and methods of the cognitive-cultural approach to language. The first chapter deals with the human experience of sleeping. The conceptual area is interpreted both in relation to physical experience and as a part of the Central European cultural code. The second chapter concentrates on the concept and the approach of the linguistic picture of the world (e.g. Bartmiński, 2012), the detection and verification of the semantic connotations method (Bartmiński, Panasiuk, 2001), the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff, Johnson, 1980/2002), the cognitive conception of metonymy (cf. ibid), and the interaction between metaphor and metonymy (i.e. metaphtonymy, Goosens, 1990, 2002). The third chapter is based on the linguistic data excerpted from various Czech dictionaries and describes the conceptual area. First are introduced derivational nests, then relevant semantic relations and etymology of the selected terms (spát, bdít etc.). The chapter also analyses polysemy of the selected terms in detail, as well as polysemy of their derivatives. This part of the thesis presents the formulation of conceptual transmissions which are manifested in the given linguistic meanings. The fourth chapter is a...

The thesis is a contribution to the study of designations of the human body in the Czech language and is based on contemporary theories and methods of cognitive and cultural approaches to language. It focuses on that part of reality which is called noha / nohy by members of Czech linguistic community. First, two terminological perspectives from which the leg / legs can be seen were comapared: the natural perspective of the linguistic picture of the world and the scientific medical perspective. The medical perspective tends to categorize parts of the body very precisely, it also analyses deep structures of the leg / legs. In contrast the natural perspectives only the surface of the leg / legs and distinguishes those categories which are significant for humans and their existence in the world. In the main chapter we attempt to define the meaning of the Czech noha / nohy and of parts of the leg / legs by analysing definitions in Czech monolingual dictionaries, etymology of words, derived words and compounds, synonyms and especially phraseology. Based on the analysis of these sources we determined the systemic connotations and connected semantic profiles. We set down four semantic profiles: 1) appearance of leg / legs; 2) leg /legs as a part of the human body; 3) leg / legs as a means of movement...

The thesis tries to grasp the meaning of lexeme nos "the nose" in cognitively-linguistic perspective, namely in particular through colocation and idioms, which contains the lexeme nos. The goal of this thesis is to define so-called semantic profiles of concept NOSE and to formulate cognitively cultural definition of nose consequential from its location in the Czech linguistic picture of the world. For this purpose nose first will be subjected to analysis from two different perspectives - from medical perspective, which represent the scientific view on the world, and from the perspective of a common user of the language, which represent so- called naive picture of the world. Data relating to the lexeme nos will be excerpted from Czech monolingual, synonymous, etymological and phraseological dictionaries, the semic analysis will be done and the lexeme nos will be included to systemic relationships in Czech vocabulary. Nose also will be introduced in a ligth of an additional perspectives of an alternative medicine and a pseudoscientific disciplines: the phrenology and the physiognomy. Their knowledges play some role in a formation of a naive picture of a nose. The questionnaire research is too a part of the thesis. The questionnaire research search for which association a common user of the Czech language have...