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Journal articles on the topic 'Individual mobilization'
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Houston, Megan N., Patrick O. McKeon, and Matthew C. Hoch. "Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Scores in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability Following Joint Mobilization." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 18, no. 2 (March 2013): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.18.2.4.
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Context:Following joint mobilizations, individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have reported increased self-reported function as measured by the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM).Objective:To examine the effect of a 2-week talocrural joint mobilization intervention on individual items of the FAAM in physically active adults with CAI.Participants:Twelve adults with CAI.Intervention:Self-reported function was documented with the FAAM-ADL and FAAM-Sport at preintervention and at 1-week postintervention. The joint mobilization intervention consisted of six treatments over 2 weeks. During each treatment, subjects received 4 minutes of talocrural traction and 8 minutes of Maitland Grade-III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization.Main Outcome Measures:Participants completed the 21-item FAAM-ADL and 8-item FAAM-Sport.Results:Signifcant changes were detected between preintervention and 1-week follow-up measures for “Walking on even ground” (p= 0.06), “Going down stairs” (p= 0.07), “Walking on uneven ground” (p= 0.03), “Light to moderate work” (p= 0.06), “Heavy work” (p= 0.03), “Recreational activity” (p= 0.07), “Landing” (p= 0.03), “Low impact activities” (p= 0.07), and “Cutting” (p= 0.02). No signifcant changes were identifed in the other 20 items (p> 0.10).Conclusion:The fndings suggest talocrural joint mobilization may address specifc mechanical and functional impairments associated with the aforementioned tasks during physical activity.
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Hayunga, Eugene G., Patricia F. Troumbley, and Geoffrey P. Cheung. "Individual Mobilization Augmentation: Recipe for an Effective Total Force Partnership." Military Medicine 160, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/160.10.496.
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Huckfeldt, Robert, and John Sprague. "Political Parties and Electoral Mobilization: Political Structure, Social Structure, and the Party Canvass." American Political Science Review 86, no. 1 (March 1992): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1964016.
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As agents of electoral mobilization, political parties occupy an important role in the social flow of political communication. We address several questions regarding party mobilization efforts. Whom do the parties seek to mobilize? What are the individual and aggregate characteristics and criteria that shape party mobilization efforts? What are the intended and unintended consequences of partisan mobilization, both for individual voters and for the electorate more generally? In answering these questions we make several arguments. First, party efforts at electoral mobilization inevitably depend upon a process of social diffusion and informal persuasion, so that the party canvass serves as a catalyst aimed at stimulating a cascading mobilization process. Second, party mobilization is best seen as being environmentally contingent upon institutional arrangements, locally defined strategic constraints, and partisan divisions within particular electorates. Finally, the efforts of party organizations generate a layer of political structure within the electorate that sometimes competes with social structure and often exists independently from it.
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Bogdanova, Inna. "The content of the future social workers’ professional mobilization competence." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, no. 3 (128) (October 31, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2019-3-3.
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The topicalty of the problem dealing with the professional mobilization competence is determined by professional requirements to the professional training intended for the future social workers. It provides readiness for permanent improvement of professional competence and discloses future specialist’s personal reserves, we mean hidden internal potentials which contribute to the ability to mobilize the efforts aimed at continuous professional and self-development. The purpose of the article is to determine the nature and structure of the phenomenon called «professional mobilization competence of a social worker» as well as to identify the pedagogical conditions facilitating its development. A set of methods was used to solve the assigned tasks: theoretical methods: the analysis of psychological and pedagogical theory and practice of higher social and pedagogical education, the analysis of personal teaching activity and higher education standards in the specialty 231 «Social Work»; empirical methods: diagnostic, observational. It’s been determined that the professional mobilization competence is interpreted as a complex integrated quality of an individual which allows conscious and effective implementation of his / her own strategy aimed at solving specialized tasks and practical problems related to the social sphere or to the educational process. The structure of the professional mobilization competence comprises a set of these components: personal mobilization, state of preparedness, individual potential. The conditions providing the development of the professional mobilization competence have been determined: deep rethinking of the existing personal qualities and improvement of the other ones which are necessary for successful professional activity under the new changed conditions of existence, awareness at the level of beliefs in the individual potential within the training. Keywords: professional mobilization competence, personal mobilization, individual potential.
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Bekoe, William, Michael Danquah, and Sampson Kwabena Senahey. "Tax reforms and revenue mobilization in Ghana." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively examine Ghana’s tax reform programme and investigate whether it has facilitated the revenue mobilization capacity of the overall tax system and of individual taxes on the basis of estimates of tax buoyancies and elasticities. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the proportional adjustment approach to estimate tax buoyancies and elasticities of the overall tax system and of individual taxes for the pre and post tax reform period over the 1970-2013 period. Findings The results show that in general, tax reforms had a positive influence on the overall tax structure and on the individual tax handles as evidenced in the more than unity buoyancy and elasticity. All the individual taxes, except excise duties, recorded buoyancies and elasticities of more than unity during the reform period. Practical implications Tax authorities ought to move away from income-based taxation which discriminates against saving and investment, in favour of consumption-based taxes in conformity with international standards. Emphasis must also be placed on those taxes that have high revenue elasticities. These taxes include the personal, corporate, the Value Added Tax, and the import duties. Originality/value In this study, the paper extends and disaggregates the data on taxes, account for discretionary tax changes from the historical time series data, and use the adjusted historical time series data to estimate tax elasticity. The study therefore provides an in-depth understanding of the effects of the tax reforms on the overall tax system and of individual taxes in Ghana.
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SHESTERININA, ANASTASIA. "Collective Threat Framing and Mobilization in Civil War." American Political Science Review 110, no. 3 (August 2016): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000277.
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Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.
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Harkey, Matthew, Michelle McLeod, Ashley Van Scoit, Masafumi Terada, Michael Tevald, Phillip Gribble, and Brian Pietrosimone. "The Immediate Effects of an Anterior-To-Posterior Talar Mobilization on Neural Excitability, Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, and Dynamic Balance in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0085.
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Context:Altered neuromuscular function and decreased dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) have been observed in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Joint mobilizations are indicated for restoring DFROM and dynamic postural control, yet it remains unknown if a mobilization can alter neuromuscular excitability in muscles surrounding the ankle.Objective:To determine the immediate effects of a Maitland grade III anterior-to-posterior joint mobilization on spinal-reflex and corticospinal excitability in the fibularis longus (FL) and soleus (SOL), DFROM, and dynamic postural control.Design:Single-blinded randomized control trial.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients:30 patients with CAI randomized into a mobilization (n = 15) or control (n = 15) group.Intervention:Maitland grade III anterior-to-posterior joint mobilization.Main Outcome Measures:Spinal-reflex excitability was measured with the Hoffmann reflex, while corticospinal excitability was evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. DFROM was measured seated with the knee extended, and dynamic postural control was quantified with the Star Excursion Balance Test. Separate 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed for each outcome measure. Dependent t tests were used to evaluate individual differences within groups in the presence of significance.Results:Spinal-reflex and corticospinal excitability of the SOL and FL were not altered in the mobilization or control group (P > .05). DFROM increased immediately after the mobilization (P = .05) but not in the control group, while dynamic postural control was unchanged in both groups (P > .05).Conclusion:A single joint-mobilization treatment was efficacious at restoring DFROM in participants with CAI; however, excitability of spinal reflex and corticospinal pathways at the ankle and dynamic postural control were unaffected.
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Robbins, Blaine G., Ross L. Matsueda, and Steven J. Pfaff. "Mapping the Production and Mobilization Functions of Collective Action." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312097772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120977722.
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Collective action is a fundamental feature of human social life. If public goods are to materialize, social norms are to emerge, and social protests are to succeed, individuals must act jointly to achieve their collective ends. But how can collective action evolve when individuals receive the benefits of a common good without contributing to its production? According to theories of the critical mass, the success of collective action hinges on the type of production function required for the provision of a common good. Production functions and mobilization functions, however, have proven difficult to observe empirically in large groups. Here, the authors report results from a factorial survey experiment administered to a disproportionate stratified random sample of undergraduate students ( n = 880) that required respondents to rate their perceptions of and intentions to participate in a hypothetical student protest. Results show that the population-average production and mobilization functions are decelerating, but individual heterogeneity is observed around the population averages. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates that latent class trajectories of production and mobilization functions, rather than population-level consensus or complete individual heterogeneity, exist in the population. The authors show that the majority of latent class trajectories are decelerating, while a minority are linear or relatively constant. The authors find that subjective interest in the common good and attitudes toward protest predict membership in latent class trajectories. Importantly, the authors provide evidence for the predictive validity of their estimates. The authors discuss the implications of these results for theories of the critical mass and for promoting collective action.
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Murray, Gregg R., and Richard E. Matland. "“You've Gone Too Far”: Social Pressure Mobilization, Reactance, and Individual Differences." Journal of Political Marketing 14, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2015.1086135.
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Sullivan, Christopher Michael, and Christian Davenport. "THE REBEL ALLIANCE STRIKES BACK: UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICS OF BACKLASH MOBILIZATION*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-22-1-39.
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How does repression influence backlash (i.e., challenges against political authorities that follow acts of government coercion)? This study argues that to adequately study backlash, it is necessary to analytically open up a social movement and examine why specific individuals in the same movement organization increase their participation following repression while other members drop out. The study uses original panel data on organizational behavior and individual participation in a black-nationalist insurgency group called the Republic of New Africa. Results show that the effects of repression are more complex than previously imagined. At the organizational level, repression leads to backlash challenges. At the individual level, however, repression has mixed effects. Challengers who personally experience repression become more likely to participate in post-repression challenging activities. At the same time, those within the organization who did not directly experience repression withdraw.
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Bennard, Patrick, Pascal Imbeault, and Éric Doucet. "Maximizing Acute Fat Utilization: Effects of Exercise, Food, and Individual Characteristics." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-134.
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In discussion of the physiological mechanisms that regulate fat metabolism, and with consideration of the metabolic stimuli that modulate substrate metabolism, the issue of how an acute state of negative lipid balance can be maximized is addressed. The regulation of lipolysis by catecholamines and insulin is reviewed, and the mechanisms of fatty acid mobilization and uptake by muscle are also briefly discussed. The implications of substrate availability and the hormonal response during physiological states such as fasting, exercise, and after food intake are also addressed, with particular regard to the influences on fatty acid mobilization and/or oxidation from eliciting these stimuli conjointly. Finally, a brief discussion is given of both the nature of exercise and the exercising individual, and how these factors influence fat metabolism during exercise. It is also a primary thrust of this paper to underline gaps in the existing literature with regard to exercise timing concerning food ingestion for maximizing acute lipid utilization. Key words: lipid balance, catecholamines, insulin, exercise, glycemic index
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Mahama, Patricia A., and Jennifer J. Linderman. "Calcium signaling in individual BC3H1 cells: Speed of calcium mobilization and heterogeneity." Biotechnology Progress 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00025a005.
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Pena-López, José Atilano, and José Manuel Sánchez-Santos. "Individual social capital: Accessibility and mobilization of resources embedded in social networks." Social Networks 49 (May 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2016.11.003.
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Holmes, Justin W., and Ramona S. McNeal. "Social Media Use and Political Mobilization." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 5, no. 4 (October 2018): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2018100104.
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This article describes how political participation is a central component of democracy. Past research has found that a variety of factors drive individual decisions about participation, including the media that citizens use to gain political information. Social media offers the possibility of engaging citizens in a new way and potentially increasing various forms of participation. In this article, the role that social media use has in fostering a variety for forms of political participation is examined. This article finds that social media use can be a driver of participation, but that this impact is largely contingent on the political predispositions of the user.
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Manacorda, Marco, and Andrea Tesei. "Liberation Technology: Mobile Phones and Political Mobilization in Africa." Econometrica 88, no. 2 (2020): 533–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta14392.
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Can digital information and communication technology foster mass political mobilization? We use a novel georeferenced data set for the entire African continent between 1998 and 2012 on the coverage of mobile phone signal together with georeferenced data from multiple sources on the occurrence of protests and on individual participation in protests to bring this argument to empirical scrutiny. We find that while mobile phones are instrumental to mass mobilization, this only happens during economic downturns, when reasons for grievance emerge and the cost of participation falls. The results are in line with insights from a network model with imperfect information and strategic complementarities in protest occurrence. Mobile phones make individuals more responsive to both changes in economic conditions—a mechanism that we ascribe to enhanced information—and to their neighbors' participation—a mechanism that we ascribe to enhanced coordination.
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McCAULEY, JOHN F. "The Political Mobilization of Ethnic and Religious Identities in Africa." American Political Science Review 108, no. 4 (October 8, 2014): 801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055414000410.
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When elites mobilize supporters according to different cleavages, or when individuals realign themselves along new identity lines, do their political preferences change? Scholars have focused predominantly on the size of potential coalitions that leaders construct, to the exclusion of other changes that might occur when one or another identity type is made salient. In this article, I argue that changes in the salience of ethnicity and religion in Africa are associated with variation in policy preferences at the individual level. I test this claim empirically using data from a framing experiment in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. By randomly assigning participants to either a religious or an ethno-linguistic context, I show that group members primed to ethnicity prioritize club goods, the access to which is a function of where they live. Otherwise identical individuals primed to religion prioritize behavioral policies and moral probity. These findings are explained by the geographic boundedness of ethnic groups and the geographic expansiveness of (world) religions in the study area.
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Sibilla, Alberto, Peter Nydahl, Nicola Greco, Giuseppe Mungo, Natalie Ott, Ines Unger, Spencer Rezek, Sarah Gemperle, Dale M. Needham, and Sapna R. Kudchadkar. "Mobilization of Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Switzerland." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066617728486.
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Purpose: Growing evidence suggests that early mobilization benefits intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, national practices and the culture of individual ICUs influence mobilization activities. Materials and Methods: In a 1-day, Swiss point prevalence study conducted in 35 ICUs (representing 45% of all ICUs), the highest level of mobilization for mechanically ventilated patients was characterized using the validated ICU Mobility Scale, along with data collection for potential safety events and mobilization barriers. Results: Among 161 mechanically ventilated patients, a total of 33% (n = 53) had active mobilization, with walking achieved by only 2% (n = 4). More severe organ failure was associated with lower mobilization (respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score: P = .037, cardiac: P = .008, neurology: P < .001). Barriers to mobilization were reported in 71% (n = 115), with deep sedation significantly higher among patients receiving passive versus active mobilization (14% vs 0%, P = .005). Potential safety events occurred in 20% (n = 33) of patients without significant differences between passive and active mobilization. Availability of physiotherapists and appropriate equipment were not reported barriers. Conclusion: Mobilization during mechanical ventilation occurred infrequently with greater organ failure associated with lower mobilization. Addressing the identified modifiable barriers via structured efforts to achieve multidisciplinary culture change is essential to decrease the common use of bed rest in Swiss ICUs.
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Pilati, Katia. "Political Context, Organizational Engagement, and Protest in African Countries." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.16.3.t5578801065mx5w0.
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This article analyzes levels of protest mobilization in eighteen African countries—by far the region least studied by researchers of protest dynamics. Theoretically, its goal is to integrate the role of organizational engagement into political opportunity approaches to protest mobilization. Empirically, it uses African data to test whether Western-driven theories provide useful insights for analyzing protest dynamics in developing countries. The analysis yields three major findings: (1) the more open and democratic the political context, the more individuals mobilize, although the impact of the political opportunity structure in repressive contexts is less certain; (2) the more individuals are engaged in organizations, excluding religious organizations, the more they mobilize; (3) the impact of individual organizational engagement on the probability of mobilizing in protests does not change across contexts.
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Sudulich, Laura, and Siim Trumm. "A Comparative Study of the Effects of Electoral Institutions on Campaigns." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000570.
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A long tradition of studies in political science has unveiled the effects of electoral institutions on party systems and parliamentary representation. Yet their effects on campaign activities remain overlooked. Research in this tradition still lacks a strong comparative element able to explore the nuanced role of electoral institutions in shaping individual-level campaigns during first-order parliamentary elections. This study uses data from a variety of national candidate studies to address this lacuna, and shows that the structure of electoral institutions affects the electoral mobilization efforts put in place by candidates. Candidate-centred electoral systems incentivize more intense and complex mobilization efforts, and shift the campaign focus towards individuals rather than parties. By directly addressing the effects of electoral institutions on campaign behaviour, this study contributes to the wider debate on their role in promoting political engagement and mobilization. These results indicate that electoral institutions affect political competition much more than previously thought.
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Kostroma, Ivan, Anastasiya Zhernyakova, and Sergey Gritsaev. "SOME ASPECTS OF AUTOTRANSPLANT COLLECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA." Problems in oncology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-4-504-509.
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The review discusseds some problems of autotransplant harvesting in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The main mobilization regimens and their modifications ensured receipt of suboptimal of CD34+ cells number are described. The expansion of mobilization regimen’s spectrum and finding of predictors which associated with autotransplant harvesting failures is the possibility to choose more effective regimen for individual MM patient.
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Hess, Thomas M., Alexandra M. Freund, and Philippe N. Tobler. "Effort Mobilization and Healthy Aging." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 76, Supplement_2 (July 6, 2021): S135—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab030.
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Abstract Healthy aging is in part dependent upon people’s willingness and ability to mobilize the effort necessary to support behaviors that promote health and well-being. People may have the best information relating to health along with the best intentions to stay healthy (e.g., health-related goals), but positive outcomes will ultimately be dependent upon them actually investing the necessary effort toward using this information to achieve their goals. In addition, the influences on effort mobilization may vary as a function of physical, psychological, and social changes experienced by the individual across the life span. Building on the overall theme of this special issue, we explore the relationships between motivation, effort mobilization, and healthy aging. We begin by characterizing the relationship between motivation and effort, and identify the factors that influence effort mobilization. We then consider the factors associated specifically with aging that may influence effort mobilization (e.g., changes in cardiovascular and neural mechanisms) and, ultimately, the health and well-being of older adults. Finally, distinguishing between those influential factors that are modifiable versus intractable, we identify ways to structure situations and beliefs to optimize mobilization in support of healthy aging.
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Fedorchuk, S., O. Lysenko, and S. Tukaiev. "Neurodynamic properties of cyclists with different levels of mobilizations in the reaction to the moving object." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 75, no. 1 (2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2018.75.21-26.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the neurodynamic and psychological properties of elite cyclists concerning the level of mobilizationin the reaction to the moving object. In order to determine the neurodynamic properties of athletes we used the diagnostic complex "Diagnost-1". The reaction to the moving object was used to monitor and predict the functional state of the central nervous system of athletes, to assess thespeed and accuracy of the response, the excitation/inhibition ratio, and the balance of nervous processes. Moreover, we have analyzed the forceand functional mobility of nervous processes, the sensorimotor activity, namely the dynamics of nervous processes, the efficiency and speed ofboth the simple sensorimotor reaction, and the simple and complex sensorimotor choosing reaction, the sensorimotor asymmetry index, and otherparameters. Hans Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C. Spielberger (adapted by Y. Hanin) and the Luscher color test allowed determining individual typological characteristics and the psycho-emotional state of athletes. The results of the reaction to the moving objects revealed differences between cycling athletes with high, medium and low mobilization rates. The most optimal functional state of the central nervous system in terms of the reaction to the moving object was specific to the cyclists with the low level of mobilization. Athletes with a high level of mobilization did not demonstrate significant differences in the reactions to the moving objects, but differed the higher stability in the complex sensory-motor choice reaction. Athletes with the medium level of mobilization in the reaction to the moving objects were characterized by the lowest level of State Anxiety in combination with a reduced functional state of the central nervous system. Thus, the higher efficiency of sensorimotor response was detected in the athletes with the high and low mobilization level in the reaction to moving objects.
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DISCH, LISA. "Toward a Mobilization Conception of Democratic Representation." American Political Science Review 105, no. 1 (February 2011): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000602.
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This article analyzes what I term “the dilemma of democratic competence,” which emerges when researchers find their expectations regarding democratic responsiveness to be in conflict with their findings regarding the context dependency of individual preferences. I attribute this dilemma to scholars' normative expectations, rather than to deficiencies of mass democratic politics. I propose a mobilization conception of political representation and develop a systemic understanding of reflexivity as the measure of its legitimacy. This article thus contributes to the emergent normative argument that political representation is intrinsic to democratic government, and links that claim to empirical research on political preference formation.
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Dubois, Christophe, Laurence Panicot-Dubois, Barbara C. Furie, and Bruce Furie. "Dynamics of Calcium Mobilization in Platelets during Thrombus Formation in a Living Mouse." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.649.649.
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Abstract Platelet accumulation at sites of vascular injury arrests bleeding but also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, leading to ischemia in myocardial infarction or stroke. Intracellular calcium mobilization in platelets is a critical step in the activation of platelets and formation of the platelet thrombus. Here we show the relationship of the dynamics of intracellular calcium mobilization with platelet accumulation into the developing thrombus in a living mouse. Following injection of 100 x 106 fura-2 loaded platelets into a living mouse we used high speed intravital multi-channel digital fluorescence microscopy to monitor calcium status in circulating and thrombus-bound platelets during thrombus development. One population of platelets binds transiently to the developing thrombus but does not mobilize calcium. The mean duration of platelet-thrombus interaction for these platelets is 11 sec. Another population of platelets undergoes calcium mobilization after binding to the developing thrombus. The time interval from attachment to calcium mobilization for individual platelets varied from 1.0 to 12 sec, with a median of 3.5 sec. More than 90% of platelets that undergo calcium mobilization do so with in 5 sec of attachment. The calcium mobilization in the thrombus bound platelets is reversible. About two thirds of the platelets return rapidly to the basal Ca2+ state while the remaining thrombus bound platelets maintain an elevated Ca2+ level for an extended period. The mean duration of platelet-thrombus interaction is 35 sec with a range of 1.5 sec to 284 sec (median duration 39.5 sec) as calculated from multiple independent observations of single platelets. In each platelet studied, only one calcium peak is detected per platelet. There is a close correlation between the duration of calcium mobilization in an individual platelet and the time that the platelet remains attached to the developing thrombus, suggesting a relationship of calcium-dependent events and platelet-thrombus affinity. A population of platelets binds to the thrombus, mobilizes calcium and remains associated with the thrombus. Using widefield deconvolution techniques to obtain planar images and increased numbers of dye-loaded platelets, individual platelets could be observed undergoing sustained calcium elevation within the thrombus. As the platelet thrombus reaches maximal size at about 120 sec, calcium mobilization continues in the stable core of the thrombus for several minutes, then decreases. These studies describe thrombus formation in a living animal under conditions in which the endothelium and vessel wall, blood cells and plasma components, and flowing blood are preserved in the absence of anticoagulants. Our results indicate that stable platelet thrombus formation is dependent upon durable calcium mobilization, and that intracellular calcium regulates thrombus development and maturation in vivo.
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Antonov, Dmitry E. "The Use of Internet Technologies for Mobilizing the Voter Base: Features, Subjects and Prospects." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-3-538-548.
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The article analyses the role of internet technologies in the process of voter base mobilization. One of the consequences of the reforms carried out in Russia will be mediatization of the electoral process. Modern approaches to understanding electoral mobilization are based on classical elitist concepts and the theory of mass society. Such perspective fails to identify individual actors of mobilization impact and analyze their own strategies. The author suggests a different way of looking at the problem: from the perspective of the neo-institutional approach. “Mobilization impact” can be interpreted as a form of subject-object interactions between different participants of the electoral process. The author identifies three main goals of mobilization interactions: attracting new supporters, encouraging a specific form of political activity, and prompting the choice of a certain position in the ballot. The author’s other objective is to assess the pattern of Internet technologies usage in the process of electoral mobilization. In the conclusion, the author pinpoints possible tendencies in the development of the voters’ Internet mobilization technologies. The perspective suggested by the author allows him to draw conclusions about what forms work with voters will assume as a result of the development of Internet communication technologies.
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Costalli, Stefano, and Andrea Ruggeri. "Indignation, Ideologies, and Armed Mobilization: Civil War in Italy, 1943–45." International Security 40, no. 2 (October 2015): 119–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00218.
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Ideas shape human behavior in many circumstances, including those involving political violence. Yet they have usually been underplayed in studies of the causes of armed mobilization. Likewise, emotions have been overlooked in most analyses of intrastate conflict. A mixed-methods analysis of Italian resistance during the Fascist regime and the Nazi occupation (1943–45) provides the opportunity to theorize and analyze empirical evidence on the role of indignation and radical ideologies in the process of armed mobilization. These nonmaterial factors play a crucial role in the chain that leads to armed collective action. Indignation is a push factor that moves individuals away from accepting the status quo. Radical ideologies act as pull factors that provide a new set of strategies against the incumbent. More specifically, detachment caused by an emotional event disconnects the individual from acceptance of the current state of social relations, and individuals move away from the status quo. Ideologies communicated by political entrepreneurs help to rationalize the emotional shift and elaborate alternative worldviews (disenchantment), as well as possibilities for action. Finally, a radical ideological framework emphasizes normative values and the conduct of action through the “anchoring” mechanism, which can be understood as a pull factor attracting individuals to a new status.
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Thompson, Scott. "I am Zombie: Mobilization in WWII Canada and Forced “Zombie” Performances 1939-1947." Canadian Journal of Sociology 41, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs19421.
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This paper investigates the mediating role that technologies of classification and identification have on individual performances and subsequent identity construction. During WWII in Canada, ID surveillance technologies were developed to govern the behaviours of individuals conscripted into the Armed Forces. Legislation, however, limited how these conscripted soldiers could be deployed. Due to a cultural perception of a lack of patriotism associated with these conscript “Zombies,” the Army consciously developed policy to have conscripts adopt additional performances to identify them as Zombies in order to shame them into “volunteering” for General Service. This paper argues that as a result of implemented governing technologies, conscripted individuals took up new and undesired performances as Zombie soldiers, and furthermore, that these performances impacted how they were perceived culturally and worked to medi-ate their
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Horton, Lynn R. "From Collectivism to Capitalism: Neoliberalism and Rural Mobilization in Nicaragua." Latin American Politics and Society 55, no. 1 (2013): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00186.x.
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AbstractThis article draws on longitudinal, ethnographic data gathered in rural Nicaragua over a two-decade period to examine the ideological and political implications of neoliberalism in the prefigurative, grassroots stages of social mobilization. It contrasts divergent path-dependent processes of accommodation and resistance to neoliberalism as Nicaraguan peasants have moved from collectivism to individual farming, with an emphasis on interpretive processes. This study explores how market processes both serve as an external grievance and operate internally in rural communities to reconfigure rural social relations and individual and collective identities. It also seeks to develop concepts and interpretations that may be applied more broadly to analyze links between deepening market processes and the forms and content of social movement responses to deteriorating economic conditions.
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Janssen, Joseph I. H. "Postmaterialism, Cognitive Mobilization and Public Support for European Integration." British Journal of Political Science 21, no. 4 (October 1991): 443–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006256.
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This article reviews the trends in public support for European integration in West Germany, France, Italy and Great Britain. The first conclusion is that the picture one gets depends heavily on the indicator one uses to measure support. This finding is probably a consequence of the fact that many people are only dimly aware of the issue. Furthermore, it appears that there are striking cross-national differences in support and in the development of support through time. To explain these differences, as well as the formation of individual attitudes towards integration, Inglehart's theory of the Silent Revolution is used. The theory and its central concepts – postmaterialism and cognitive mobilization – are put on trial at three levels of aggregation. The results are poor. Postmaterialism appears to be unrelated to attitudes towards European integration, while the concept of cognitive mobilization makes sense only at the individual level. The conclusion is therefore that Inglehart's theory is of almost no use in explaining attitudes towards integration and cross-national differences in support.
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Miller, Steven V. "Individual-level expectations of executive authority under territorial threat." Conflict Management and Peace Science 34, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215600384.
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What makes individuals likely to support state leaders with few constraints on executive authority? Leaders who reorganize power around their position seem inimical to most individuals’ welfare. Yet in many countries these leaders receive broad popular support when citizens feel some type of threat. This study argues that territorial threat leads individuals to support this type of state leadership. Mobilization of the military for defense of territory requires discretion by the state leader, leading individuals to interpret checks and balances as obstacles to security. The results using mixed effects logit analyses show a robust connection between territorial threat and individual-level expectations of the state leader. Individuals who live in states under territorial threat are more likely to prefer a state leader unconstrained by legislative process or other checks and balances. The analyses provided in this study have important implications for the study of popular support of democracy.
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Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Peter Haslinger. "Political mobilization in East Central Europe." Nationalities Papers 45, no. 3 (May 2017): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1270922.
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This article provides an introduction to the special thematic section on political mobilization in East Central Europe. Based on a brief presentation of the main arguments of the individual articles, the authors discuss the recent political volatility in East Central Europe. They highlight the tension between fierce political rhetoric and populist policies on the one hand, and low levels of voter turnout and overall political participation in the region on the other. The authors argue that recent cases of successful as well as unsuccessful political mobilization in East Central Europe point to structural re-alignments in the region's political landscape. In particular, the parties that are successful are those that manage to communicate their visions in new ways and whose messages resonate with nested attitudes and preferences of the electorate. These parties typically rally against the so-called establishment and claim for themselves an anti-hegemonic agenda. The introductory essay also asserts that these developments in East Central Europe deserve attention for their potential Europe-wide repercussions – especially the idea of “illiberal democracy,”which combines populist mobilization and autocratic demobilization and finds adherents also in more established European democracies.
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RACLOT, Thierry, Dominique LANGIN, Max LAFONTAN, and René GROSCOLAS. "Selective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure." Biochemical Journal 324, no. 3 (June 15, 1997): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3240911.
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the mobilization of individual fatty acids from human white fat cells. Mammary adipose tissue from eight healthy non-obese women in their normal dietary state was collected, and isolated adipocytes were incubated with lipolytic agents. The mobilization of 34 individual fatty acids was measured by comparing the composition of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with that of the triacylglycerols (TAG) from which they originated through lipolysis. Compared with TAG, NEFA were enriched in some polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18–20 carbon atoms. Conversely, the percentage of very-long-chain (20–22 carbon atoms) saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was approx. 2 times lower in NEFA than in TAG. The relative mobilization (% in NEFA/% in TAG) of the most readily mobilized fatty acid (C20:5,n-3; 2.25) was more than 6-fold higher than that of the least readily mobilized (C22:1,n-11; 0.37). Relationships were found between the molecular structure of fatty acids and their mobilization rate. For a given chain length, the relative mobilization rate increased with increasing unsaturation, whereas for a given unsaturation, it decreased with increasing chain length. The relative mobilization rate for essential fatty acids decreased in the following order: C20:5,n-3 > C20:4,n-6 > C18:3,n-3 > C18:2,n-6 > C22:6,n-3. Interestingly, C20:5,n-3 and C20:4,n-6, which are respectively precursors of the 3- and 2-series of prostaglandins, were preferentially mobilized. It is concluded that fatty acids are selectively mobilized from human fat cells according to molecular structure, in full agreement with animal studies. By modulating the qualitative fatty acid supply to organs and by remodelling the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, this selectivity would be relevant for consideration in physiology, health and epidemiology.
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Alvarado, Horacio E., Rebecca L. Darnell, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "(376) Carbon Mobilization and Yield Components in Raspberry." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1059D—1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1059d.
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Raspberry root growth during fruiting appears to be a strong sink for assimilates, and may decrease carbon availability for fruits and, consequently, cane yield. Both floricanes and primocanes may contribute to root carbon supply in raspberry during fruiting. To test this, `Tulameen' raspberry canes were grown outdoors in containers filled with perlite and peat (1:1). One-half of the plants were girdled and the rest were nongirdled. Within each girdling treatment, either 0 or 3 primocanes were allowed to grow. Treatments were applied at early bloom (10 May), and 50% fruit harvest occurred the first week in June. Fruit number and yield per plant decreased in girdled plants and plants without primocanes compared with nongirdled plants and plants with primocanes. Individual fruit fresh weight was not affected by treatments, but individual fruit dry weight and the dry weight to fresh weight ratio was higher in girdled plants without primocanes than in the other treatments. Neither girdling nor the presence of primocanes affected dry weight allocation to primocanes or floricanes. Root dry weight was higher in girdled plants with primocanes than in nongirdled plants without primocanes. It appears that primocanes supply carbon to roots during fruiting, and subsequently, roots mobilize carbon to floricanes. Thus, roots appear to serve primarily as a translocation pathway for carbon from primocanes to floricanes. However, when primocane growth is suppressed, root carbon is mobilized to support floricane development. If carbon flow from roots to floricanes is restricted, fruit number and yield is significantly decreased.
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FOWERAKER, JOE, and TODD LANDMAN. "Individual Rights and Social Movements: A Comparative and Statistical Inquiry." British Journal of Political Science 29, no. 2 (January 1999): 291–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123499000137.
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This article is a comparative study of the relationship between social movements and the individual rights of citizenship. It identifies three main connections between collective action and individual rights made in theory and history, and analyses them in the context of modern authoritarian regimes. It does so by measuring both social mobilization and the presence of rights over time in Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Spain, and analyses their mutual impact statistically – both within and across these national cases. The results demonstrate the mutual impact between rights and movements, and more importantly, constitute a robust defence of democracy as the direct result of collective struggles for individual rights.
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Berry, Marie E. "From Violence to Mobilization: Women, War, and Threat in Rwanda*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-20-2-135.
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Theories of social movement emergence posit “threat” as an important concept in explanations of mobilization. This article uses the case of the 1994 Rwandan genocide to investigate whether threats that stem from mass violence can also have a mobilizing effect. Drawing from interviews with 152 women in Rwanda, I reveal how threatening conditions created by the genocide and civil war initiated a grassroots mobilization process among women. This mobilization featured women founding and joining community organizations, engaging in new forms of claims making toward state institutions, and eventually running for political office. Two mechanisms facilitated this process: the social appropriation of feminine values for the reconceptualization of women as legitimate political actors, and the brokerage of connections between individual women, organizations, and government institutions by foreign actors. I conclude by suggesting that this mobilization served as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the meteoric rise of women in Rwanda's politics.
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Priante, Anna. "Tweet, Frame and Repeat: Evidence on Individual Mobilization Outcomes from an Online Health Campaign." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 14551. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.14551abstract.
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Cha, Sandra E., and Laura Morgan Roberts. "Leveraging Minority Identities at Work: An Individual-Level Framework of the Identity Mobilization Process." Organization Science 30, no. 4 (July 2019): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1272.
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Holzer, Boris. "Political consumerism between individual choice and collective action: social movements, role mobilization and signalling." International Journal of Consumer Studies 30, no. 5 (September 2006): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00538.x.
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Stepanyan, N. G., N. V. Sidorova, M. V. Rubanskaya, N. N. Tupitsyn, N. V. Matinyan, K. I. Kirgizov, and S. R. Varfolomeeva. "Optimization of methods for collecting peripheral hematopoietic stem cells in children with cancer: literature review." Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-2-78-85.
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Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is a standard for the treatment of oncological, hematologic, and also some immune diseases, ensuring the restoration of blood counts after high-dose chemotherapy. In children, the success of mobilization and collection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is especially important. Mobilization schemes for children are decided on an individual basis, which requires the development and implementation of recommendations for improving the efficiency of mobilization and collection of HSCs. Mobilization schemes include the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the form of monotherapy or in combination with CXCR4 antagonists. These schemes are ineffective in some children, which requires re-mobilization or rejection of transplantation, which negatively affects the prognosis. When preparing a patient for HSCs collection, it is necessary to take into account all previous therapy, the patient’s age, weight and height indicators, and general somatic state. Harvesting the required amount of HSCs will allow for high-dose therapy followed by auto-HSCT, and thereby increase the effectiveness of treatment. It is necessary to optimize the protocol for mobilization of HSCs with a large bias for pediatric patients, which will clearly define the criteria for mobilization, give indications for this procedure and determine the criteria for technical collection, which will allow to obtain the optimal number of CD34+ cells, which will ensure the success of the treatment.
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Copelan, Edward A., Shahbaz Malik, and Belinda R. Avalos. "Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem-cell Mobilization for Autologous Transplantation." Oncology & Hematology Review (US) 07, no. 01 (2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2011.07.1.75.
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Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is important in the treatment of several lymphohematopoietic malignancies. Procurement of adequate stem cells, for which CD34 positivity serves as a useful surrogate, is necessary prior to the procedure. Several methods of mobilization are widely used, but methods for individual patients should depend on their specific clinical situation. More than 20% of patients do not achieve adequate mobilization and those who require numerous aphereses to accomplish adequate CD34+ cell yield may experience delayed hematopoietic recovery.
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Wahlström, Mattias, Magnus Wennerhag, and Christopher Rootes. "Framing “The Climate Issue”: Patterns of Participation and Prognostic Frames among Climate Summit Protesters." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 4 (November 2013): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00200.
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Did the protests surrounding recent climate summits mark the emergence of a climate justice movement? We analyze responses to surveys of three large demonstrations in Copenhagen, Brussels, and London, organized in connection with the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference (COP-15) to determine who demonstrated, and how and why the collective action frames employed by demonstrators varied. The demonstrations were products of the mobilization of broad coalitions of groups, and we find significant variation in demonstrators' prognostic framings—the ways in which they formulated solutions to climate problems. Most notably, there was a tension between system-critical framings and those oriented around individual action. A large proportion of demonstrators expressed affinity with the global justice movement (GJM), but we find little evidence of an emerging “climate justice” frame among rank-and-file protesters. Individual variations in framing reflect differences between the mobilization contexts of the three demonstrations, the perspectives and values of individual participants, and the extent of their identification with the GJM.
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Lamare, J. Ryan. "Mobilization and Voter Turnout: Should Canvassers Worry about the Weather?" PS: Political Science & Politics 46, no. 03 (June 21, 2013): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513000553.
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AbstractThis article melds a well-studied area of research (political mobilization effects on voter turnout) with a subject rarely discussed in political science (the effects of meteorological variability on mood, productivity, and fatigue) to argue that weather at the time of mobilization influences individual voters' turnout odds relative to other contacted voters. Using panel data totaling 39,769 registered voters contacted by unions across 14 months and five elections, quantitative analysis is used to measure the effects of temperature, seasonableness, and precipitation during contact on vote likelihood, controlling for known turnout influences. Results indicate that variations in all three weather conditions during contact affect vote odds. Mobilization effects are weaker as temperatures rise and weather becomes unseasonably hot; mobilization is also less successful as precipitation increases. Outcomes vary by contact type; door-to-door visits are more negatively influenced by hotter and less seasonable temperatures, whereas phone calls are more negatively affected by higher precipitation.
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Svensson-Raskh, Anna, Anna Schandl, Ulrika Holdar, Monika Fagevik Olsén, and Malin Nygren-Bonnier. "“I Have Everything to Win and Nothing to Lose”: Patient Experiences of Mobilization Out of Bed Immediately After Abdominal Surgery." Physical Therapy 100, no. 12 (September 17, 2020): 2079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa168.
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Abstract Objective Early mobilization is advocated for patients going through abdominal surgery; however, little is known about the patient experience of being mobilized immediately after surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore patient experiences of mobilization immediately after elective abdominal cancer surgery. Methods This interview study used qualitative content analysis. With the use of purposeful sampling, a total of 23 participants who had been mobilized immediately after abdominal surgery were recruited at a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted within 1 to 4 days after surgery and took place at the surgical ward where the participants were treated. A semi-structured guide was used. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Results The content analysis revealed 3 categories that emerged into 1 overarching theme: “to do whatever it takes to get home earlier.” The participants experienced that mobilization out of bed had an impact on their physical and mental well-being. Motivation and the experiences of themselves and others were factors that affected patient attitudes toward early mobilization. Preparation and competent caregivers were emphasized as important factors that enabled the patient to feel safe and confident during mobilization. Conclusions Patients experienced mobilization as an important part of the care that had an impact on recovery and well-being, physically as well as mentally, both immediately and over time. Impact As this is the first study to our knowledge to investigate patient experiences of mobilization immediately after abdominal surgery, this information can be used to support the development of early mobilization protocols in hospital settings.
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Rasskazova, E. I. "Inter- and intraindividual approaches to study functional and somatic reactionsof individuals." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080305.
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Paper is devoted to comparisons of inter- and intra-individual approaches to study functional and somatic reactions of individuals to subjective stress in the normative sample. Adult participants (N=79) appraised stress level, experienced somatic symptoms and filled the test of the differentiated assessment of a functional condition within four days in the evenings. In addition, illness frequency and quality of life were estimated. According to the results, appraisals of subjective stress levels, irritability, joints movements’ difficulties, headaches and symptoms that are rare in normative sample should not be averaged due to high variability. Application of the intra-individual approach in addition to the inter-individual one allows revealing cases of individual resistance and mobilization of a functional and somatic condition under the stress. Different patterns of the empirical relationships with illness frequency and quality of life are revealed depending on whether the average estimates of a stress and functioning, or individual sensitivity to a stress are measured.
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Henry, Christiani Jeyakumar, Philip R. Payne, and Amal Ghusain-Choueiri. "Relationship between tissue mobilization and storage in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 78, no. 1 (July 1997): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970125.
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The amount of energy mobilized or stored as protein, expressed as a proportion of the total energy stored or mobilized (defined as the P ratio, Payne & Dugdale, 1977), was investigated in the young male (rapid growth) and adult female (slow growth) rat. Energy mobilization was induced by a 3 d fast and the changes in body content of fat and lean tissues were used to estimate the fasting P ratio (Pfast). Tissue storage was subsequently effected by 17 d of refeeding and the corresponding ratio (Prefed) was calculated from the amounts of lean and fat tissue regained. The same experimental protocol was used for measuring Pfast and Prefed in weanling (30d) and adult (130d) rats. Weight-matched individuals were assigned to three groups. All animals in group 1 were killed at the beginning of the experiment. Animals in group 2 were fasted for 3d and then killed. Group 3 animals were first fasted for 3d, then had free access to a stock diet for a further 17 d before being killed. During fasting, a close linear relationship was found between weight change and body energy changes (r 0·985, and r 0·92, P < 0·001 for weanlings and adult rats respectively) and between carcass N loss and urinary N loss (r 0·933, P < 0·001). These relationships were used to estimate the body energy and N content of each animal at the end of the initial fasting period. Hence, both Pfast and Prefed values could be calculated for all individuals at both ages. When Pfast and Prefed were calculated for adult rats, the mean values were similar (0·138 (SE 0·002) and 0·130 (SE 0·006) respectively). Individually, the Pfast, and Prefed values were correlated (r 0·54, P = 0·058). In weanling rats, the mean Prefed value was about 2·5 times the Pfast (0·421 (SE 0·0113) v. 0·156 (SE 0·004)). Despite the differences in Pfast and Prefed, the individual values were again correlated (r 0·668, P < 0·05). These results support the suggestion made by Payne & Dugdale (1977), that particular P- ratio values are characteristic of individuals and describe the extent to which protein is mobilized or stored during fasting or refeeding. These observations are discussed in relation to the predictions made by the Payne-Dugdale model.
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Rijkers, G. T., and A. W. Griffioen. "Changes in free cytoplasmic magnesium following activation of human lymphocytes." Biochemical Journal 289, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2890373.
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Activation of lymphocytes with 10 microM ionomycin leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]i) and, at a slower rate, also to an increase in the cytoplasmic free magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]i). The ionomycin-induced Mg(2+)-mobilization response is dependent on the influx of extracellular Ca2+. After receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation, induced by mitogens or anti-receptor antibodies, a Mg(2+)-mobilization response does occur in a small fraction of the cells. Simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i and [Mg2+]i in individual cells showed that the receptor-triggered Mg(2+)-mobilization response is restricted to cells that have a high [Ca2+]i. It can therefore be concluded that a high [Ca2+]i induces the release into the cytoplasm of Mg2+ from intracellular stores.
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Criado, Henar, Francisco Herreros, Luis Miller, and Paloma Ubeda. "The Unintended Consequences of Political Mobilization on Trust." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717723433.
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Conflicting theories and mixed empirical results exist on the relationship between ethnic diversity and trust. This article argues that these mixed empirical results might be driven by contextual conditions. We conjecture that political competition could strengthen ethnic saliency and, in turn, salient ethnic identities can activate or intensify in-group trust and depress trust in members of other ethnic groups. We test this conjecture using the move toward secession in Catalonia, Spain. We conduct trust experiments across ethnic lines in Catalonia before and during the secessionist process. After three years of proindependence mobilization in Catalonia, one of the ethnic groups, Spanish speakers living in Catalonia, has indeed increased its in-group trust. This result is robust after a set of individual-level variables are controlled for, but no equivalent result is found in a comparable region, the Basque Country.
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Arce, Moises, and Paul T. Bellinger. "Low-Intensity Democracy Revisited: The Effects of Economic Liberalization on Political Activity in Latin America." World Politics 60, no. 1 (October 2007): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.0.0003.
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Existing literature emphasizes the disorganizing or weakening effects of economic liberalization on civil society, whereby free-market policies are said to demobilize and depoliticize collective actors. The article evaluates the effects of economic liberalization on large-scale societal mobilizations across seventeen Latin American countries for the period 1970–2000. The article further tests the effects of economic liberalization on individual political participation across sixteen Latin American countries for the period 1980–2000. In contrast to the atomization literature, this article provides strong evidence that economic liberalization leads to greater levels of societal mobilization in the context of free-market democratization. The article also demonstrates that economic liberalization does not induce a decline in political participation. Collectively, these results cast doubt on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical findings presented in Kurtz (2004).
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Cooper, Amanda, Joelle Rodway, and Robyn Read. "Knowledge Mobilization Practices of Educational Researchers Across Canada." Articles 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050839ar.
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Researchers are under increasing pressure to disseminate research more widely with non-academic audiences (efforts we call knowledge mobilization, KMb) and to articulate the value of their research beyond academia to broader society. This study surveyed SSHRC-funded education researchers to explore how universities are supporting researchers with these new demands. Overall, the study found that there are few supports available to researchers to assist them in KMb efforts. Even where supports do exist, they are not heavily accessed by researchers. Researchers spend less than 10% of their time on non-academic outreach. Researchers who do the highest levels of academic publishing also report the highest levels of non-academic dissemination. These findings suggest many opportunities to make improvements at individual and institutional levels. We recommend (a) leveraging intermediaries to improve KMb, (b) creating institutionally embedded KMb capacity, and (c) having funders take a leadership role in training and capacity-building.
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Ellmann, Stephen. "Client-Centeredness Multiplied: Individual Autonomy and Collective Mobilization in Public Interest Lawyers' Representation of Groups." Virginia Law Review 78, no. 5 (August 1992): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073394.
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