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Journal articles on the topic 'Individual tree'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Trouillier, Mario, Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen, Jill Harvey, David Würth, Martin Schnittler, and Martin Wilmking. "Visualizing Individual Tree Differences in Tree-Ring Studies." Forests 9, no. 4 (2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9040216.

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2

Temesgen, Hailemariam, and Stephen J. Mitchell. "An Individual-Tree Mortality Model for Complex Stands of Southeastern British Columbia." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 2 (2005): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.2.101.

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Abstract An individual-tree mortality model was developed for major tree species in complex stands (multi-cohort, multiaged, and mixed species) of southeastern British Columbia (BC), Canada. Data for 29,773 trees were obtained from permanent sample plots established in BC. Average annual diameter increment and mortality rates ranged from 0.08 to 0.17 cm/year and from 0.3 to 2.6%, respectively. Approximately 70% of the trees were used for model development and 30% for model evaluation. After evaluating the model, all 29,773 trees were used to fit the final model. A generalized logistic model wa

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3

Hindell, MA, and AK Lee. "Tree Use by Individual Koalas in a Natural Forest." Wildlife Research 15, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880001.

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The home ranges and species of trees used by 20 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were determined in a forest in Victoria containing 6 Eucalyptus spp. Eight animals showed a preference for a tree species from those available within their home ranges. Four koalas preferred E. viminalis, 2 E. ovata and 2 E. macrorhyncha. Preference for tree species was detected only where the preferred species was in low abundance within the animal's home range. These observations confirm that koalas may show individual differences in the species of food trees they prefer. E. viminalis, the preferred species of th

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4

Qin, Jianhua, and Quang V. Cao. "Using disaggregation to link individual-tree and whole-stand growth models." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 4 (2006): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-284.

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Data from 200 plots randomly selected from the Southwide Pine Seed Source Study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used to fit whole-stand and individual-tree equations. Another 100 plots, also randomly selected, were used for validation. Outputs from the individual-tree model were then adjusted to match observed stand attributes (number of trees, basal area, and volume per hectare) by four disaggregation methods: proportional yield, proportional growth, constrained least squares, and coefficient adjustment. The first three are existing methods, and the fourth is new. The four methods prod

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5

Yang, Yuqing, Shongming Huang, Shawn X. Meng, Guillermo Trincado, and Curtis L. VanderSchaaf. "A multilevel individual tree basal area increment model for aspen in boreal mixedwood stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (2009): 2203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-123.

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Based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed model approach, a basal area increment model was developed for individual aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees growing in boreal mixedwood stands in Alberta. Various stand and tree characteristics were evaluated for their contributions to model improvement. Total stand basal area, basal area of larger trees, and the ratio of target tree height to maximum stand height were found to be significant predictors. When random effects were modeled at the plot level alone, correlations among normalized residuals remained significant. These correlations were su

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Mahour, Milad, Valentyn Tolpekin, and Alfred Stein. "Automatic Detection of Individual Trees from VHR Satellite Images Using Scale-Space Methods." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247194.

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This research investigates the use of scale-space theory to detect individual trees in orchards from very-high resolution (VHR) satellite images. Trees are characterized by blobs, for example, bell-shaped surfaces. Their modeling requires the identification of local maxima in Gaussian scale space, whereas location of the maxima in the scale direction provides information about the tree size. A two-step procedure relates the detected blobs to tree objects in the field. First, a Gaussian blob model identifies tree crowns in Gaussian scale space. Second, an improved tree crown model modifies this

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7

Forrester, David I. "Does individual-tree biomass growth increase continuously with tree size?" Forest Ecology and Management 481 (February 2021): 118717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118717.

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Foroozan, Zeynab, Jussi Grießinger, Kambiz Pourtahmasi та Achim Bräuning. "Evaluation of Different Pooling Methods to Establish a Multi-Century δ18O Chronology for Paleoclimate Reconstruction". Geosciences 9, № 6 (2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060270.

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To develop multi-century stable isotope chronologies from tree rings, pooling techniques are applied to reduce laboratory costs and time. However, pooling of wood samples from different trees may have adverse effects on the signal amplitude in the final isotope chronology. We tested different pooling approaches to identify the method that is most cost-efficient, without compromising the ability of the final chronology to reflect long-term climate variability as well as climatic extreme years. As test material, we used δ18O data from juniper trees (Juniperus polycarpus) from Northern Iran. We c

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Shen, Guanghong, James A. Moore, and Charles R. Hatch. "The effect of habitat type and rock type on individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 4 (2000): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-249.

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Individual tree basal area increment models for nitrogen fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots located throughout the Inland Northwest. Results show that tree size, stand density, habitat type, and rock type significantly interact to affect individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization. Suppressed trees growing on moist habitat types and all rock types, except metasedimentary, exhibited greater relative response than did dominant or codominant trees growing in the same stand. However, suppressed trees growing on dry sites or on soils d

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10

Williams, Roger A. "Use of Randomized Branch and Importance Sampling to Estimate Loblolly Pine Biomass." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (1989): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/13.4.181.

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Abstract A previously developed sampling method utilizing randomized branch and importance sampling for the purpose of quickly estimating tree biomass was tested on five loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. Results show a wide range of per-tree sampling error, ranging from 5.3 to 28.9%. Largevariation in foliage content among selected branches per treee may be a major source of error. However, the sampling error for the total biomass of the five trees tested was only 3.3%. This sampling method appears to be reliable and efficient in obtaining precise estimates of the total biomassof a populat

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11

Pitkänen, Juho. "Individual tree detection in digital aerial images by combining locally adaptive binarization and local maxima methods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 5 (2001): 832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-013.

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Locating local maxima of grey levels in aerial images was used for individual tree detection in boreal, closed forest conditions in southern Finland. Image smoothing and binarization were used as preprocessing steps. Binarization was used to restrict the local maxima searching to the bright areas of the images, which were assumed to be tree crowns. Because brightness variations are typical of aerial images, both within and among images, locally adaptive methods were suggested for binarization. Aerial digital camera images and mapped tree data of eight stands in three field plots were used. Fou

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12

Moradi, A., M. Satari, and M. Momeni. "INDIVIDUAL TREE OF URBAN FOREST EXTRACTION FROM VERY HIGH DENSITY LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-337-2016.

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Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to provide 3D information from trees. Most proposed methods to extract individual trees detect points of tree top or bottom firstly and then using them as starting points in a segmentation algorithm. Hence, in these methods, the number and the locations of detected peak points heavily effect on the process of detecting individual trees. In this study, a new method is presented to extract individual tree segments using LiDAR points with 10cm point density. In this method, a two-step strategy is performed for the extraction

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Moradi, A., M. Satari, and M. Momeni. "INDIVIDUAL TREE OF URBAN FOREST EXTRACTION FROM VERY HIGH DENSITY LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-337-2016.

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Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to provide 3D information from trees. Most proposed methods to extract individual trees detect points of tree top or bottom firstly and then using them as starting points in a segmentation algorithm. Hence, in these methods, the number and the locations of detected peak points heavily effect on the process of detecting individual trees. In this study, a new method is presented to extract individual tree segments using LiDAR points with 10cm point density. In this method, a two-step strategy is performed for the extraction

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Laforest-Lapointe, Isabelle, Christian Messier, and Steven W. Kembel. "Tree phyllosphere bacterial communities: exploring the magnitude of intra- and inter-individual variation among host species." PeerJ 4 (August 24, 2016): e2367. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2367.

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BackgroundThe diversity and composition of the microbial community of tree leaves (the phyllosphere) varies among trees and host species and along spatial, temporal, and environmental gradients. Phyllosphere community variation within the canopy of an individual tree exists but the importance of this variation relative to among-tree and among-species variation is poorly understood. Sampling techniques employed for phyllosphere studies include picking leaves from one canopy location to mixing randomly selected leaves from throughout the canopy. In this context, our goal was to characterize the

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15

Cosenza, Diogo Nepomuceno, Vicente Paulo Soares, Helio Garcia Leite, et al. "Airborne laser scanning applied to eucalyptus stand inventory at individual tree level." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 12 (2018): 1373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018001200010.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) to a large-scale eucalyptus stand inventory by the method of individual trees, as well as to propose a new method to estimate tree diameter as a function of the height obtained from point clouds. The study was carried out in a forest area of 1,681 ha, consisting of eight eucalyptus stands with ages varying from four to seven years. After scanning, tree heights were obtained using the local maxima algorithm, and total wood stock by summing up individual volumes. To determine tree diameters, reg

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16

Kempf, Christian, Jiaojiao Tian, Franz Kurz, Pablo D’Angelo, Thomas Schneider, and Peter Reinartz. "Oblique view individual tree crown delineation." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 99 (July 2021): 102314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102314.

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17

Tahar, K. N., M. A. Asmadin, S. A. H. Sulaiman, N. Khalid, A. N. Idris, and M. H. Razali. "Individual Tree Crown Detection Using UAV Orthomosaic." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 7047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4093.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in forestry as they are economical and flexible. This study aims to present the advantages of the drone photogrammetry method in collecting individual tree crowns, as individual tree crown detection could deliver essential ecological and economic information. The referred accuracy for individual tree crown extraction is 79.2%. Only crowns that were clearly visible were selected and manually delineated on the image because the distribution of the true crown size is significantly different from the segmented crowns. The aim of this study is t

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18

Bian, Yan Shan, Ling Da Wu, Rong Huan Yu, and Zhi Ke Chen. "Individual Tree Detection from High Spatial Resolution Imagery Using Color and Texture Features." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.703.

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An automatic individual tree detection method from pure image is proposed. Color and texture features are selected to form a vector for a pixel-level classification, then trained to assign a label to each pixel. Other features can be integrated into the pixel vector for extracting more information of trees. An ensemble method combining multiple logistic regression classifiers improves effectiveness of the single pixel-level classifier. Then spectral, shape and knowledge characteristics of individual tree crowns are used for tree top localization. At last, tree crowns are delineated by region-b

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19

Maschler, Julia, Clement Atzberger, and Markus Immitzer. "Individual Tree Crown Segmentation and Classification of 13 Tree Species Using Airborne Hyperspectral Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (2018): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081218.

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Knowledge of the distribution of tree species within a forest is key for multiple economic and ecological applications. This information is traditionally acquired through time-consuming and thereby expensive field work. Our study evaluates the suitability of a visible to near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.4 m for the classification of 13 tree species (8 broadleaf, 5 coniferous) on an individual tree crown level in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve ‘Wienerwald’, a temperate Austrian forest. The study also assesses the automation potential for the delineation of

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20

Shahidan, Mohd. "Potential of Individual and Cluster Tree Cooling Effect Performances Through Tree Canopy Density Model Evaluation in Improving Urban Microclimate." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (2015): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.04.

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Technically, trees can provide cooling effect and able to reduce ambient temperature in its own way. This paper investigates the potential of individual and cluster tree cooling effect performances in improving urban microclimate through the evaluation of urban trees canopy density. The evaluation is based on the actual measurement of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Leaf Area Density (LAD) and uses tested computer simulation tools ENVI-met. The study found that each tree has different capabilities in modifying each microclimate variables. However, it was revealed that the optimum effect of cooling o

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21

Newberry, James D., Harold E. Burkhart, and Ralph L. Amateis. "Individual tree merchantable volume to total volume ratios based on geometric solids." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 5 (1989): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-105.

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Individual tree volume ratio equations were developed on the basis of the volume formulas of certain geometric solids. Two parameter-free and two parameterized models were formulated, based on different basal diameters. The parameter-free models should be useful when few individual tree volume ratio data exist for a given species or for a particular population of trees. The parameterized models are appropriate, of course, to those situations where volume ratio data exist. The parameter-free models performed as well as the parameterized models in the upper half of the tree stem for the loblolly

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22

Ram P, Sharma, Vacek Zdeněk, Vacek Stanislav, Jansa Václav, and Kučera Miloš. "Modelling individual tree diameter growth for Norway spruce in the Czech Republic using a generalized algebraic difference approach." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 5 (2017): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/135/2016-jfs.

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Individual tree-based growth models precisely describe the growth of individual trees irrespective of stand complexity. These models are more useful than the stand-based growth models for effective management of forests. We developed an individual tree diameter growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies /Linnaeus/ H. Karsten) using permanent research plot data collected from Krkonoše National Park in the Czech Republic. The model was tested against a part of the Czech National Forest Inventory (NFI) data that originated from the western region of the country. Among various models derived by a

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23

Zhang, Lianjun, Changhui Peng, and Qinglai Dang. "Individual-tree basal area growth models for jack pine and black spruce in northern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 3 (2004): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80366-3.

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Individual-tree models of five-year basal area growth were developed for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in northern Ontario. Tree growth data were collected from long-term permanent plots of pure and mixed stands of the two species. The models were fitted using mixed model methods due to correlated remeasurements of tree growth over time. Since the data covered a wide range of stand ages, stand conditions and tree sizes, serious heterogeneous variances existed in the data. Therefore, the coefficients of the final models were obtained using weight

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Woodall, C. W., C. E. Fiedler, and K. S. Milner. "Intertree competition in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 9 (2003): 1719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-096.

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Intertree competition indices and effects were examined in 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) stands in eastern Montana. Location, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area increment, crown ratio, and sapwood area were determined for each tree (DBH >3.8 cm) on one stem-mapped plot (0.2-0.4 ha) in each sample stand. Based on tree locations, various competition indices were derived for each sample tree and correlated with its growth efficiency by diameter class. In addition, trends in individual tree attributes by diameter class and level of surr

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25

Gillespie, Andrew R., and Harold W. Hocker Jr. "The influence of competition on individual white pine thinning response." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-239.

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A model predicting white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) diameter growth after thinning included competition, initial diameter, and crown class as independent variables. Model coefficients indicated a decrease in percent 8-year diameter growth with increasing crown suppression, crown competition, or tree size class. Variables selected were superior to age, percent live crown, and prethinning growth. Equations predicting basal area and volume growth were similar in form to diameter growth. Height growth, however, was more closely correlated with crown characteristics and unaffected by competition. Annua

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26

Naveed, F., and B. Hu. "INDIVIDUAL TREE CROWN DELINEATION USING MULTI-WAVELENGTH TITAN LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W3 (October 19, 2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-143-2017.

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The inability to detect the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) at an early stage has led to the enumerable loss of different species of ash trees. Due to the increasing risk being posed by the EAB, a robust and accurate method is needed for identifying Individual Tree Crowns (ITCs) that are at a risk of being infected or are already diseased. This paper attempts to outline an ITC delineation method that employs airborne multi-spectral Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to accurately delineate tree crowns. The raw LiDAR data were initially pre-processed to generate the Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Di

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27

Akpo, Hospice A., Gilbert Atindogbé, Maxwell C. Obiakara, et al. "Image Data Acquisition for Estimating Individual Trees Metrics: Closer Is Better." Forests 11, no. 1 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010121.

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Background and Objectives: The recent use of Structure-from-Motion with Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) in forestry has underscored its robustness in tree mensuration. This study evaluated the differences in tree metrics resulting from various related SfM-MVS photogrammetric image acquisition scenarios. Materials and Methods: Scaled tri-dimensional models of 30 savanna trees belonging to five species were built from photographs acquired in a factorial design with shooting distance (d = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m away from tree) and angular shift (α = 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°; nested in d). Tre

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Maltamo, M., K. Mustonen, J. Hyyppä, J. Pitkänen, and X. Yu. "The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (2004): 1791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-055.

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This study examines the ability of high-density laser scanning to produce single-tree estimates in mixed stands of heterogeneous structure. Individual trees were detected from a constructed digital canopy height model by locating local maxima of the height values. The reference material comprised accurately measured field data for 10 mapped sample plots containing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and different birches. To verify the accuracy of height measurements of single trees in more detail, the height of 29 Scots pine trees and their annual shoots

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Buchanan, Megan L., and Justin L. Hart. "A methodological analysis of canopy disturbance reconstructions using Quercus alba." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 6 (2011): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-057.

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Forest disturbance history reconstructions in the eastern US commonly rely on the analysis of a single tree-ring series per individual. However, this method can result in an underrepresentation of radial growth releases and canopy disturbance events. We analyzed paired tree-ring series from 884 Quercus alba L. individuals to quantify discrepant patterns of intratree release frequency, magnitude, and initiation years. We also developed a model for Q. alba that accounts for this underrepresentation of releases. Of the 884 trees analyzed, 216 exhibited radial growth releases. Only 13 of these 216

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Dong, Xinyu, Zhichao Zhang, Ruiyang Yu, Qingjiu Tian, and Xicun Zhu. "Extraction of Information about Individual Trees from High-Spatial-Resolution UAV-Acquired Images of an Orchard." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133.

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The extraction of information about individual trees is essential to supporting the growing of fruit in orchard management. Data acquired from spectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have very high spatial and temporal resolution. However, an efficient and reliable method for extracting information about individual trees with irregular tree-crown shapes and a complicated background is lacking. In this study, we developed and tested the performance of an approach, based on UAV imagery, to extracting information about individual trees in an orchard with a complicated backgrou

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Lejeune, P. "Développement d'un modèle de type arbre appliqué à la croissance des peuplements feuillus irréguliers du sud de la Belgique." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 10 (1996): 1838–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-209.

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A model predicting circumference growth of individual trees has been developed for mixed irregular stands dominated by Fagussilvatica L. in southeastern Belgium. This model integrates simultaneously tree, stand, and growing site characteristics without considering distances between individual trees. It has a determination coefficient of 40.1% and a residual standard deviation of 0.45 cm/year. Forest mensuration variables considered in the model are circumference, tree social position represented by the total basal area of trees greater than the subject tree, stand basal area, and some index of

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APOSTOL, Bogdan, Adrian LORENT, Marius PETRILA, Vladimir GANCZ, and Ovidiu BADEA. "Height Extraction and Stand Volume Estimation Based on Fusion Airborne LiDAR Data and Terrestrial Measurements for a Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] Test Site in Romania." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, no. 1 (2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44110155.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of individual tree identification and stand volume estimation from LiDAR data. The study was located in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stands in southwestern Romania and linked airborne laser scanning (ALS) with terrestrial measurements through empirical modelling. The proposed method uses the Canopy Maxima algorithm for individual tree detection together with biometric field measurements and individual trees positioning. Field data was collected using Field-Map real-time GIS-laser equipment, a high-accuracy GNSS receiver and a

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Medlyn, B. E., D. A. Pepper, A. P. O'Grady, and H. Keith. "Linking leaf and tree water use with an individual-tree model." Tree Physiology 27, no. 12 (2007): 1687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.12.1687.

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Comas, C., L. Mehtätalo, and J. Miina. "Analysing space–time tree interdependencies based on individual tree growth functions." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 27, no. 7 (2013): 1673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0704-3.

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Tomșa, Vlăduț Remus, Alexandru Lucian Curtu, and Mihai Daniel Niță. "Tree Shape Variability in a Mixed Oak Forest Using Terrestrial Laser Technology: Implications for Mating System Analysis." Forests 12, no. 2 (2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020253.

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The accuracy of the description regarding tree architecture is crucial for data processing. LiDAR technology is an efficient solution for capturing the characteristics of individual trees. The aim of the present study was to analyze tree shape variability in a mixed oak forest consisting of four European white oak species: Quercus petraea, Q. frainetto, Q. pubescens, and Q. robur. Moreover, we tested for association between tree shape and individual heterozygosity and whether oak trees identified as pollen donors in a previous genetic study have a larger size in terms of crown and trunk charac

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Mendes, Fábio K., Andrew P. Livera, and Matthew W. Hahn. "The perils of intralocus recombination for inferences of molecular convergence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1777 (2019): 20180244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0244.

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Accurate inferences of convergence require that the appropriate tree topology be used. If there is a mismatch between the tree a trait has evolved along and the tree used for analysis, then false inferences of convergence (‘hemiplasy’) can occur. To avoid problems of hemiplasy when there are high levels of gene tree discordance with the species tree, researchers have begun to construct tree topologies from individual loci. However, due to intralocus recombination, even locus-specific trees may contain multiple topologies within them. This implies that the use of individual tree topologies disc

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Shokirov, Shukhrat, and Géza Király. "Analysis of multitemporal aerial images for fenyőfő Forest change detection." Landscape & Environment 10, no. 2 (2016): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/10/2/4.

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This study evaluated the use of 40 cm spatial resolution aerial images for individual tree crown delineation, forest type classification, health estimation and clear-cut area detection in Fenyőfő forest reserves in 2012 and 2015 years. Region growing algorithm was used for segmentation of individual tree crowns. Forest type (coniferous/deciduous trees) were distinguished based on the orthomosaic images and segments. Research also investigated the height of individual trees, clear-cut areas and cut crowns between 2012 and 2015 years using Canopy Height Models. Results of the research were exami

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Shafii, Bahman, James A. Moore, and James D. Newberry. "Individual-tree diameter growth models for quantifying within-stand response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 8 (1990): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-153.

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Diameter-increment models for nitrogen-fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots in northern Idaho. The equations partially resembled PROGNOSIS model diameter growth formulations. Results indicated that both initial tree size and initial stand density produced significant interactions with treatment to explain an individual tree's response to fertilization. Larger trees in a stand showed more fertilization response than smaller trees. Furthermore, individual trees in low-density stands showed more fertilization response than those growing in high-density stands.

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Pérez-Cruzado, César, Christoph Kleinn, Paul Magdon, et al. "The Horizontal Distribution of Branch Biomass in European Beech: A Model Based on Measurements and TLS Based Proxies." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13051041.

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Forest biomass is currently among the most important and most researched target variables in forest monitoring. The common approach of observing individual tree biomass in forest inventory is to assign the total tree biomass to the dimensionless point of the tree position. However, the tree biomass, in particular in the crown, is horizontally distributed above the crown projection area. This horizontal distribution of individual tree biomass (HBD) has not attracted much attention—but if quantified, it can improve biomass estimation and help to better represent the spatial distribution of fores

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Zhang, X., and Y. Lei. "A linkage among whole-stand model, individual-tree model and diameter-distribution model." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 12 (2010): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/102/2009-jfs.

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Stand growth and yield models include whole-stand models, individual-tree models and diameter-distribution models. In this study, the three models were linked by forecast combination and parameter recovery methods one after another. Individual-tree models combine with whole-stand models through forecast combination. Forecast combination method combines information from different models, disperses errors generated from different models, and then improves forecast accuracy. And then the forecast combination model was linked to diameter-distribution models via parameter recovery methods. During t

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Ramos, Soledad, Francisco M. Vázquez, and Trinidad Ruiz. "Ecological Implications of Acorn Size at the Individual Tree Level in Quercus suber L." ISRN Botany 2013 (August 5, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/310828.

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Few studies have determined the influence of acorn size on germination and predation percentage at tree level. To evaluate the seed size influence at individual tree level, trees producing two different sizes of acorn were chosen. Our results show that smaller acorns were significantly more infested (49.6–75.3%) than larger ones (11.0–27.33%). About germination, big acorns achieved the best germination percentage compared to the smaller ones (18% in infested and 76% in sound acorns for the small acorn group versus 69.3% in infested and 93.3% in sound acorns belonging to the big acorn group). W

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Jiao, Jichao, and Zhongliang Deng. "Individual Building Rooftop and Tree Crown Segmentation from High-Resolution Urban Aerial Optical Images." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1795205.

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We segment buildings and trees from aerial photographs by using superpixels, and we estimate the tree’s parameters by using a cost function proposed in this paper. A method based on image complexity is proposed to refine superpixels boundaries. In order to classify buildings from ground and classify trees from grass, the salient feature vectors that include colors, Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) corners, and Gabor edges are extracted from refined superpixels. The vectors are used to train the classifier based on Naive Bayes classifier. The trained classifier is used to classify

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Jurado, J., M. Ramos, C. Enríquez, and F. Feito. "The Impact of Canopy Reflectance on the 3D Structure of Individual Trees in a Mediterranean Forest." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091430.

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The characterization of 3D vegetation structures is an important topic, which has been addressed by recent research in remote sensing. The forest inventory requires the proper extraction of accurate structural and functional features of individual trees. This paper presents a novel methodology to study the impact of the canopy reflectance on the 3D tree structure. A heterogeneous natural environment in a Mediterranean forest, in which various tree species (pine, oak and eucalyptus) coexist, was covered using a high-resolution digital camera and a multispectral sensor. These devices were mounte

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Mokroš, Martin, Jozef Výbošťok, Julián Tomaštík, et al. "High Precision Individual Tree Diameter and Perimeter Estimation from Close-Range Photogrammetry." Forests 9, no. 11 (2018): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110696.

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Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) can be used to provide precise and detailed three-dimensional data of objects. For several years, CRP has been a subject of research in forestry. Several studies have focused on tree reconstruction at the forest stand, plot, and tree levels. In our study, we focused on the reconstruction of trees separately within the forest stand. We investigated the influence of camera lens, tree species, and height of diameter on the accuracy of the tree perimeter and diameter estimation. Furthermore, we investigated the variance of the perimeter and diameter reference measu

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Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan, Iain Woodhouse, Carlos Silva, et al. "Improving Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Attributes Estimation of Tropical Forests Using Airborne LiDAR Data." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120759.

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Individual tree crown (ITC) segmentation is an approach to isolate individual tree from the background vegetation and delineate precisely the crown boundaries for forest management and inventory purposes. ITC detection and delineation have been commonly generated from canopy height model (CHM) derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Existing ITC segmentation methods, however, are limited in their efficiency for characterizing closed canopies, especially in tropical forests, due to the overlapping structure and irregular shape of tree crowns. Furthermore, the potential of 3-dimen

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Chang, K. T., C. Lin, Y. C. Lin, and J. K. Liu. "ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF CROWN DELINEATION METHODS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL TREES USING LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-585-2016.

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Forest canopy density and height are used as variables in a number of environmental applications, including the estimation of biomass, forest extent and condition, and biodiversity. The airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is very useful to estimate forest canopy parameters according to the generated canopy height models (CHMs). The purpose of this work is to introduce an algorithm to delineate crown parameters, e.g. tree height and crown radii based on the generated rasterized CHMs. And accuracy assessment for the extraction of volumetric parameters of a single tree is also performed

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Chang, K. T., C. Lin, Y. C. Lin, and J. K. Liu. "ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF CROWN DELINEATION METHODS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL TREES USING LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-585-2016.

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Forest canopy density and height are used as variables in a number of environmental applications, including the estimation of biomass, forest extent and condition, and biodiversity. The airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is very useful to estimate forest canopy parameters according to the generated canopy height models (CHMs). The purpose of this work is to introduce an algorithm to delineate crown parameters, e.g. tree height and crown radii based on the generated rasterized CHMs. And accuracy assessment for the extraction of volumetric parameters of a single tree is also performed

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Ledermann, Thomas, and Albert R. Stage. "Effects of competitor spacing in individual-tree indices of competition." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 12 (2001): 2143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-153.

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All indices of competition represent effects of distance between competing trees. However, the functional forms of these distance relations differ, because distance interacts with tree size in the many of the indices. In particular, some of the newer indices use vertical angles and crown geometry to define the effect of separation implicitly. Graphical displays showing effects of distance between subject tree and a competitor in published distance-dependent indices of competition are presented to permit visual comparisons of the indices. Nine pairs of subject and competitor crown classes are i

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Host, George E., Harlan W. Stech, Kathryn E. Lenz, Kyle Roskoski, and Richard Mather. "Forest patch modeling: using high performance computing to simulate aboveground interactions among individual trees." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 10 (2008): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08075.

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Functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) typically integrate suites of detailed physiological and phenological processes to simulate the growth of individual plants. Recent advances in high-performance computing have allowed FSPMs to be extended to patches of interacting trees. Here, we describe a parallel modelling strategy to run simultaneous individual tree models across an 8 × 8 patch of trees. The 64 ‘core’ trees are surrounded by multiple rings of neighbour trees to remove edge effects. A sensitivity analysis of the patch model demonstrates that computational factors such as the number

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Zhou, X., L. Liao, D. Cheng, X. Chen, and Q. Huang. "EXTRACTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL TREE INFECTED BY PINE WILT DISEASE USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE OPTICAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-247-2020.

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Abstract. For eliminating pine trees infected pine wilt disease in southern China based on remote sensing technique, it is important to ensure the provision of timely information about individual diseased tree. It is not easy to detect and extract the diseased pine trees from conventional remote sensing techniques. This paper proposes a new approach for extracting information about individual diseased tree, without the use of satellite images and aerial hyperspectral images. Field measurements in different leaf infected stages indicates the possibility of extracting diseased trees by using onl

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