Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individualism- kollektivism'
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Uka, Arbnora, and Sir Kristina Benjamin. "Individualism Bland Kollektivism : En studie om attityd gentemot individualism bland nyanlända syrier i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37024.
Full textEricsson, Fredric. "Kollektivism eller individualism i skolan? : En läroplansanalys på LGY70, LPF94 och LGY11." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38960.
Full textRam, ELin, and Rickard Olsson. "Beteende och attityder till miljöfrågor i en individualistisk och i en kollektivistisk kultur : En jämförande studie mellan studenter från Jönköping och Quito." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-25950.
Full textNilsson, Johanna. "Individualism och kollektivism som prediktion av empati : En enkätstudie om kulturell inriktning och empatisk förmåga." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48012.
Full textA quantitative study has been carried out with the aim to examine if cultural orientation has significance for affective and cognitive empathy. The study was conducted through an electronic survey via the learning platform It’s Learning, where the sample consisted of 250 students at Karlstad University. To measure the cultural orientation the Culture Orientation Scale was used, which measure degree of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism. To measure cognitive and affective empathy the Basic Empathy Scale in Adults (BES-A) was used. The data were analyzed by SPSS and two multiple regression analyzes were. The result showed that the horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism were significant predictors of affective empathy where 11.6% of the variance was explained. Furthermore, the results showed that vertical individualism and horizontal collectivism were significant predictors of cognitive empathy where 14.8% of the variance was explained. The relationship between the variables is discussed based on previous studies and definitions. The study's results indicate that it is particular characteristic within the cultural orientations that are related to the empathic ability. The conclusion of the study and previous studies was that cultural orientation is important for empathy, however in a small extent.
Axelsson, Ida. "Skillnader i kommunikationsstil mellan individualistiska och kollektivistiska kulturer." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12267.
Full textSyftet med föreliggande studie var att ta reda på om preferensen för hög- och lågkontextuell kommunikation skiljde sig signifikant åt mellan individer från individualistiska respektive kollektivistiska kulturer i en mångkulturell miljö. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning användes som metod och enkäten besvarades av 150 studenter vid Högskolan i Jönköping och Uppsala universitet. Två självskattningsskalor hämtade från tidigare studier användes för att mäta graden av de två kulturdimensionerna och kommunikationsstilarna. Två multipla regressionsanalyser utfördes för att undersöka det samband mellan kollektivistiska kulturers preferens för högkontextuell kommunikation och indvidualistiska kulturers preferens för lågkontextuell kommunikation som påvisats i tidigare studier. Det gjordes även två variansanalyser för att undersöka skillnader i kommunikationsstil beroende på kön, och vistelsetid i Sverige. Resultatet bekräftade delvis tidigare forskning, då det visade ett signifikant samband mellan hög grad av kollektivism och högkontextuell kommunikation, samt en högre preferens för högkontextuell kommunikation hos kvinnor.
Lindén, Pierre, and Simon McMullen. "Marknadsföring i en mångkulturell värld." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227867.
Full textNordström, Pontus, and Egzon Kelmendi. "Hur mår det svenska samhället? : En studie om individualismens påverkan på tilliten i det svenska samhället." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36671.
Full text2019-06-03
Johansson, Therese, Sandra Sjöholm, and Josefine Werner. "Det nya arbetslivet : En kvalitativ studie om studenters syn på anställningsbarhet." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17578.
Full textThis study covers “the new work life” and the consequences it entails for the individual. The aim of the study is to understand how student at university level perceive the demands of the labor market that accompand the individualization, focusing on the concept of employability.
The issues concern individual views on employability and if the students perceive
employability as individualistic or collectivistic. The study is carried out qualitatively and has an abductive direction based on eight interviews. The selection includes four nursing student and four engineering students. The study uses theories on Sennett´s (2007) critical reflection of individualization, Allvin et.al. (2006) presentation about the consequences of the individualization and Garsten and Jacobsson´s (2004) discussion on employability. The authors of the theories imply that the individualization has led to a number of consequences for the society and the individual, and that the work life has change. Furthermore the authors of the theories discuss two groups created by the individualization, those who can embrace
and take advantage of the new work life and those who can´t. In this context, there is a norm emerging, a way an individual “should” act in order to keep up with the incessant
development. The respondents of the study had a relatively unanimous picture of their future working life. The individuals tended to reason individualistic on numerous aspects of the labor market. Some aspects of the individuals emerged, however, as collectivist traits. The study provides an interesting picture of the individualizations effects and how these
consequences on the labor market affect the young adults that are about to enter the labor market.
Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället
Idnert, Ekeskär Eleonore, and Caroline Berg. "Hur framställs barnet? : En semiotisk bildanalys av individualistisk och kollektivistisk marknadsföring." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33052.
Full textCulture differs between various countries around the world. One thing that is logical in one country is illogical in another. These variation results in a need for international companies to adapt their marketing strategies after the cultures they are targeting. This essay is about cultural differences, and the purpose is to examine whether the child is produced differently in marketing in different countries. More specifically, how the child is produced in collectivist as well as in individualistic cultures. The essay aims to examine whether the child is produced multifarious in these different dimensions. The purpose of this essay is also to investigate whether the countries´ amount of individualism and collectivism, have an impact on how children are produced in marketing. To investigate these issues a semiotic image analysis was used, where a variety of commercials were investigated. The result from the image analyzes has been analyzed using previous research concerning individualism and collectivism. By using image analyzes, it appeared that there is a divergence between individualistic and collectivist cultures, regarding how the child is produced in marketing. In individualistic cultures the child is produced in an independent perspective, as well as a separation from others. On the other hand, in collectivist cultures the child is produced as a part of a group. Not in an independent manner. It is also important to maintain harmony, and avoid conflicts in collectivist cultures. Furthermore, it appeared in the study that the countries´ extent of individualism and collectivism, has very little impact on how children are produced in marketing.
Nilsson, Petra, and Elinor Edberg. "Generation Z i globala virtuella team : Nationella kulturskillnaders förändrade roll." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202316.
Full textOttelid, Matilda. ""Om du har ett äpple, vill du dela det med mig?" En kvalitativ undersökning kring kollektivism, individualism och elevinflytande i den svenska skolan." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30033.
Full textA qualitative survey on collectivism, individualism and student influence in Swedish schools. The aim of this thesis is to obtain an image of which signals the interviewed students apprehend that school sends to them concerning collectivism and individualism. Do the students apprehend their school as mainly collectivist or mainly individualist? Further more it will be examined what kind of decisions the students apprehend to influence upon at school.The thesis offers a general view of some scientific investigation of relevance. Briefly, the result of the six qualitative scientific interviews with 8th grade students shows that there is a certain ambivalence in the signals which the students claim to receive from their school considering collectivism and individualism. In practice, individualism seems to dominate their school, though. The survey also shows that the interviewed students seem to have very little influence on their every day reality at school.
Mouknatjou, Elicka. "Vad innebär begreppet digital kompetens? : En studie som jämför vilken mening digital kompetens har mellan statlig förvalt-ningsmyndighet och kommersiell förvaltningsorganisation." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21648.
Full textGodkännandedatum 2013-09-20
Iliste, Adrian. "The personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143885.
Full textThe association between culture and personality has been widely studied and previous research has shown an association between the culture dimension of individualism-collectivism and the personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism. The present study investigates the relationship between individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students in Sweden. 215 international students (M = 23 years, age range 19-44, 120 women, 94 men, 1 other) were given definitions of individualist and collectivist cultures and asked to assess their culture of origin. They were then asked to rate themselves on 22 items intended to measure idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, they were asked to state their main reason for studying abroad by choosing one of seven options given in a multiple-choice item. One-way ANOVA's and independent t-tests were carried out for data analysis. The results showed an association between cultural background and idiocentrism-allocentrism in the expected direction. Further, the results did not demonstrate an association between geographical background and idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, the results did not demonstrate an association between main reason for studying abroad and idiocentrism-allocentrism, nor between main reason for studying abroad and cultural background. It was concluded that in the case of individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism, culture does influence personality. Further, the results suggest that it may not be appropriate to equate geographical entities such as nations with culture as cultural diversity may be found within such entities. Finally, the results indicate that international students differ in their reasons for studying abroad regardless of personality and cultural background, although further research regarding the motivation of international students is needed.
Öster, Caroline, and Hilda Edström. "Ensamkommande flickors utsatta situation och behov av stöd utifrån ett kulturellt perspektiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177571.
Full textÖst, Gustafsson Hampus. "Dikten i "den nya fredens värld" : Litteraturdebatt i tidskriften Samtid och Framtid 1944–1949." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254930.
Full textLöfwenhamn, Victoria. "Socialt arbete, den nya tidens kolonialism? : En kvalitativ studie om kulturell anpassning, kulturell kompetens och utmaningarna i ett internationellt socialt arbete." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28438.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to examine how social work in an international context is formed by cultures and how this is expressed. Furthermore, the study aims to explore culture competence as is expressed within the social workers themselves and which elements that benefit or alternatively hinder, the international social work. The study has a qualitative approach where semi-structured interviews were conducted with four female respondents. The analyzing method chosen to process data was thematization, where three main themes emerged, indigenization/cultural adaption, cultural competence and difficulties, opportunities and dilemmas. The result shows that all respondents express an indigenization process while describing their work. This is distinguished by the attention all the respondents gave to the functioning cultural structures and how they built the work around this. It also showed through the great emphasis the respondent put on indigenous knowledge. The approach and the main prominent factor which underpins an indigenization process is empowerment. The results show that all respondents express cultural competence. This is observed through the respondents awareness of their own culture's influence, through the respondents evaluation and validation of their own personal knowledge and by the expressed importance of creating relationships. The study shows that an indigenization process is dependent on social workers' cultural competence. Furthermore, the result shows that the collectivist social structure can be seen as both an aid and as an aggravating element. Gender, ethics and morality seem to be the main factors which place social workers in difficult situations. This has also been shown to produce a work approach that is characterized by acting without being seen. Relationships prove to be a facilitating factor, but it is not grown for all good reasons, it seem to be necessary because of the lack of trust people have for international social workers.
Almström, Jenny. "Polisstudenters grad av empati och kulturell orientering." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-93488.
Full textEmpathy as well as how to relate to others and oneself is an important factor for good police work and communication with citizens. Through a web survey, based on the Basic Empathy Scale-Adults (BES-A) and the Culture Orientation Scale (COS), this study asked 141 police students from all Swedish universities who conduct police education about their self-perceived empathy (affective/cognitive) and cultural orientation (individualism/collectivism). The result showed that the majority had moderate empathy and higher cognitive empathy than affective empathy according to BES-A. In general, the police students had average points at COS. Individualism also gave average points, while collectivism gave high points. Two-way ANOVA showed that women had significant higher empathy than men.
Kihlbom, Erik. "Livets lotteri- eller bara ett outnyttjat val? : En kvalitativ studie om skillnaderna i svenska dagstidningars gestalningar av skolsegregation i Sverige." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75396.
Full textFahmie, Arief. "Relationships Among Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism-Collectivism, and Usability of Personal Management Information as Perceived by German and Indonesian Users." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-134783.
Full textSchmeling, Elke. "Good citizens in a global economy individualism-collectivism and power distance as predicators of organizational citizenship behavior /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10761298.
Full textDemant, Oliver. "Zwischen Aktion und Kontemplation." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-84041.
Full textLiptow, Jasper. "Regel und Interpretation : eine Untersuchung zur sozialen Struktur sprachlicher Praxis /." Weilerswist : Velbrück Wissenschaft, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0609/2005424518.html.
Full textTipandjan, Arun. "Cross-cultural study on decision making of German and Indian university students." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000777.
Full textMeszléry, Katalin Verfasser], Lutz F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornke, and Marold [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wosnitza. "Effekte des Primings der kulturellen Syndrome Individualismus und Kollektivismus: Anwendbarkeit der Priming-Methode auf kulturbezogene Fragestellungen / Katalin Meszléry ; Lutz F. Hornke, Marold Wosnitza." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156922194/34.
Full textTeubner-Guerra, Rosa Lori [Verfasser], Bernhard [Gutachter] Strauß, and Ewald J. [Gutachter] Brunner. "Heimatkonzepte und ihre Beziehung zum Individualismus / Kollektivismus : ein Beitrag zur Soziokulturellen Erweiterung der Bindungstheorie / Rosa Lori Teubner-Guerra ; Gutachter: Bernhard Strauß, Ewald J. Brunner." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1178252000/34.
Full textSchutte, Daniël Petrus. "The feasibility of the statement of generally accepted accounting practice for small and medium enterprises / Daniël Petrus Schutte." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4612.
Full textThesis (Ph.D. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Polakowska, Agata, and Alem Mimic. "Tillsammans på egen hand : En intervjustudie om synen på individualism och kollektivism i Sverige och Chile." Thesis, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53728.
Full textFahmie, Arief. "Relationships Among Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism-Collectivism, and Usability of Personal Management Information as Perceived by German and Indonesian Users." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20013.
Full textJaeger, Cordula. "Akkulturation auf Ebene des Verhaltens: Die Anwendung der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens zur Vorhersage unterschiedlicher Akkulturationsmuster am Beispiel von russischen Aussiedlern und russisch-jüdischen Zuwanderern in Deutschland und Israel." Doctoral thesis, 2005. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2005072911.
Full textKirsten, Monica. "Constructing a psychological framework for enhancing relational attitudes and behaviour in the South African employment relations context." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25528.
Full textThis research endeavoured to construct a psychological framework for enhancing relational attitudes and behaviour in a South African employment relations context by investigating the relationship dynamics between individuals’ work-related perceptions (perceived organisational support and justice) and work experiences (psychological contract violation) and their relational attitudes (organisational and union commitment) and behaviour (organisational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour) in the workplace, as moderated by their personal dispositions (individualism/collectivism) and mediated by organisational cynicism and trust. The associations between individuals’ personal (gender, age, population group and education level) and work-related (employment status, tenure, job level and union membership) characteristics and these dispositional and relational variables were also explored. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on a purposive sample of employed students registered at a higher education institution (n = 740). Canonical correlation analysis revealed that individuals’ work-related perceptions and work experiences as well as their sense of organisational cynicism and trust were strong predictors of their attitudinal commitment towards their organisations and their organisationally directed organisational citizenship behaviour. Structural equation modelling indicated a good fit between employees’ perceptions of the quality of their social exchange relationship with their employing organisations and their trust in and cynicism towards these organisations as antecedents of relational attitudes and behaviour. Mediation analysis indicated that individuals’ work-related perceptions and work experiences influence their attitudinal commitment to their employing organisations through their sense of organisational cynicism and trust. Moderation analysis revealed that the influence of individuals’ cynicism towards their employing organisations on their attitudinal commitment is conditional upon their level of horizontal collectivism. Multiple regression analysis showed that individuals’ gender, population group, level of education and job level explain their attitudinal and behavioural reactions to work-related perceptions and work experiences. Tests for significant mean differences revealed significant differences in terms of the biographical variables. At a theoretical level, the study extended the understanding of relational attitudes and behaviour and the antecedents thereof in the workplace. At an empirical level, the study delivered an empirically tested psychological framework for enhancing relational attitudes and behaviour. At a practical level, individual and organisational interventions in terms of the psychological framework were recommended.
Met hierdie studie is gepoog om ʼn sielkundige raamwerk daar te stel wat aangewend kan word om werknemerhoudings en -gedrag in ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsverhoudinge konteks te verbeter. Met die oog hierop is ondersoek ingestel na die verhoudingsdinamiek tussen individue se werkverwante persepsies (waargenome organisasiesteun en -geregtigheid); werksbelewenisse (skending van die sielkundige kontrak); hulle houdings (organisasie- en vakbondverbondenheid); en gedrag (organisasieburgerskapgedrag en teenproduktiewe werksgedrag) by die werkplek wat deur hulle pesoonlike ingesteldheid (individualisme/ kollektivisme) beïnvloed word en deur organisasiesinisme en -vertroue bemiddel word. Die verband tussen individue se persoonlike eienskappe (hulle geslag, ouderdom, bevolkingsgroep en opleidingsvlak), werkverwante eienskappe (hulle arbeidstatus, dienstyd, posvlak en vakbondlidmaatskap) en hierdie gesindheids- en verhoudingsveranderlikes is eweneens verken. 'n Kwantitatiewe deursneeopname is gedoen met 'n doelgerigte steekproef onder werkende studente wat by 'n hoëronderwysinstelling ingeskryf is (n = 740). 'n Kanonieke korrelasieanalise het getoon dat individue se werkverwante persepsies en belewenisse sowel as hul organisasiesinisme en -vertroue 'n goeie aanduiding was van hulle houdingsverbondenheid tot hulle organisasies en van hulle burgerskapgedrag jeens hulle organisasies. Strukturele vergelykingsmodellering het groot ooreenkomste tussen werknemers se persepsies van hoe goed hulle sosiale uitruilverhouding met hul werkgewerorganisasies is asook hul vertroue in en sinisme teenoor hierdie organisasies as antesedente van hulle houdings teenoor en gedrag in hulle organisasies aan die lig gebring. Volgens 'n bemiddelingsanalise bepaal werknemers se werkverwante persepsies en werkbelewenisse hulle verbondenheid tot hulle werkgewerorganisasie op grond van hulle organisasiesinisme en -vertroue. 'n Modereringsanalise het getoon dat die invloed wat individue se sinisme teenoor hulle werkgewerorganisasies op hulle verbondenheid het, afhanklik is van hulle vlak van horisontale kollektivisme. Voorts blyk dit uit 'n meervoudige regressieanalise dat individue se geslag, bevolkingsgroep, opleiding en posvlak hulle houding- en gedragsreaksie op werkverwante persepsies en belewenisse verduidelik. Afgesien hiervan het opvallende verskille ten opsigte van die biografiese veranderlikes danksy toetse vir beduidende gemiddeldeverskille aan die lig gekom. Op teoretiese vlak het hierdie studie die kennis van werksverwante houdings en gedrag en die antesedente daarvan in die werkplek verbeter. Op empiriese vlak het hierdie studie 'n empiries getoetste sielkundige raamwerk vir die bevordering van positiewe werksverwante houdings en -gedrag tot gevolg gehad. Op praktiese vlak is individuele en organisasie-intervensies ten opsigte van die sielkundige raamwerk aanbeveel.
Lolu cwaningo luzama ukwakha uhlaka lwezengqondo lokukhulisa indlela enhle yokucabanga nokuziphatha kumqondosizinda wezindlela zokusebenza eNingizimu Afrika ngokucubungula izinguquko ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwemibono emayelana nemisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye (ukusekela nobulungiswa kwenhlangano okucatshangelwayo) nababhekana nakho emsebenzini (ukungahlonishwa kwesivumelwano sezengqondo) nendlela yabo yokucabanga (ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano nokubumbana) nendlela yokuziphatha (indlela yokuziphatha ngokobuzwe benhlangano nendlela yokuziphatha engavumelani nokwenziwa ngemfanelo komsebenzi) emsebenzini njengoba kujivazwa yindlela bona ngokwabo abaziphethe ngayo (ngokuzimela/ngokusebenzisana) futhi kugqugquzelwa ukungabaza nokungabinethemba enhlanganweni. Ubudlelwane phakathi kobunjalo bomuntu ngomuntu (ubulili, iminyaka yobudala, nokuthi ungowaliphi iqembu labantu kanye nezinga lemfundo) nokumayelana nomsebenzi (isimo sokusebenza, umsebenzi owenzayo, izinga lomsebenzi nobulungu benhlangano) izimpawu nalokhu okuguquguqukayo okuwubunjalo bomuntu nakho kwatholakala. Inhlolovo engamanani eyizigaba ezehlukene yenziwa kwisampula eyayikhethwe ngamabomu yabafundi ababhalisiwe esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme (n = 740). Ukuhlaziwa kokuhlobana okungenakuphikiswa kwaveza ukuthi izindlela zabantu ngabanye zokucabanga mayelana nomsebenzi nababhekana nakho emsebenzini kanjalo nombono wabo mayelana nokungabaza nokwethemba inhlangano kwakuyizona zinkomba ezazinamandla zokuzibophezela kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga ezinhlanganweni zabo kanye nendlela yabo yokuziphatha ngokwenhlangano okubhekiswe ebuzweni benhlangano. Indlela yokuqhathanisa ngokokwakheka yaveza ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kombono wabasebenzi wezinga eliphezulu lobudlelwane babo bokuxoxisana nezinhlangano ezibaqashile kanye nokuthemba nokungabaza kwabo okwakuqondiswe kulezi zinhlangano njengesisekelo sendlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabo. Ukuhlaziywa kokuxoxisana kuveza ukuthi imibono yabantu emayelana nomsebenzi kanye nababhekana nakho emsebenzini kunomthelela ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga ezinhlanganweni ezibaqashile ngokomqondo wabo wokungabaza nokwethemba inhlangano. Ukuhlaziya okulawulekayo kwaveza ukuthi umthelela wokungabaza komumntu ngamunye mayelana nezinhlangano ezibaqashile ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ngokwendlela yokucabanga kuncike ezingeni labo lokusebenzisana ngokulinganayo. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehla ngamandla kwakhombisa ukuthi lokhu okulandelayo komuntu ngomuntu, ubulili, iqembu labantu akulona, izinga lemfundo nezinga lomsebenzi kuchaza indlela ababhekana ngayo ngokwendlela yokucabanga nokuziphatha okumayelana nomsebenzi nalokho ababhekana nakho emsebenzini. Ukuhlolwa kokusemqoka kuchaza umehluko owembula umehluko osemqoka ngokuguquguquka kwemininingwane ngomuntu. Ezingeni lethiyori, lolu cwaningo luveze ngokuthe xaxa ukuqonda indlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabantu, nezisekelo ezikhona endaweni yokusebenza. Ezingeni lokungase kubonakale kwenzeka, lesi sifundo silethe uhlaka lwezengqondo oluhlolwe njengolungase lwenzeke ukukhulisa indlela yokucabanga neyokuziphatha kwabantu. Ezingeni lokungase kwenzeke, kwancomeka ukuthi kube nokungenelela komuntu ngamunye nokwenhlangano ngokohlaka lwezengqondo.
Psychology
Ph. D. (Psychology (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))