Dissertations / Theses: 'Individualism. Power (Social sciences)'

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Marineau, Joshua Eric. "INDIVIDUALS’ FORMAL POWER AND THEIR SOCIAL NETWORK ACCURACY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/management_etds/2.

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Previous research has suggested that individuals differ in their accuracy of perceptions of the social environment, and some research suggests that powerful individuals in particular tend to be lazy, disinterested observers of the social world. A handful of field studies and lab experiments linking power with individuals’ perceptions of others’ social networks have generally supported this view. However, recent theory addressing the psychological consequences of power for the power-holder claim that in certain circumstances and for some kinds of social information, power is linked to increased accuracy of social information. This dissertation tests this idea by drawing on social network theory and the situated focus theory of power. I examine the relationship between individuals’ formal power and their perceptual accuracy of social network relationships. I propose that individuals’ perceptual accuracy is affected by 1) their formal power in the organization 2) the type of relationship being perceived (expressive/instrumental, positive/negative), and 3) the dependence relationship with the target of perception (whether the perceiver is dependent on the perceived to get their work done). Predictions were tested using cognitive social network data collected from a call center within a division of a large corporation in the US. Results showed that formal power was linked to increased accuracy for some relationship content (particularly negative expressive relationships), and managers tend to be more accurate when perceiving their own incoming relationships than non-managers.

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Rosenberg, Rae. "Trans* individuals in the U.S. prison industrial complex: carceral power, hypermasculinity and transgender subversions." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119754.

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The conditions of incarceration for transgender individuals in the United States have become a concern of activists and scholars. The multiple forms of mistreatment that target transgender prisoners have been noted to include humiliation, harassment, assault, and the denial of various rights. Due to the small scale of the current body of research surrounding incarcerated trans* individuals, my research explores more detailed accounts of incarcerated trans* feminine prisoners across the United States to gather the variety of physical and psychological trauma they endure, as well as other aspects of their lives such as gender embodiment and ways in which they resist carceral impositions of gender expression and transphobia. Through qualitative research methods, my data presents subjective and comprehensive accounts of incarceration by trans* feminine prisoners and the numerous material and corporeal consequences they face in prison. I argue that my research suggests the ways in which carceral institutions and hegemonic masculinity impose power through corporeal and psychological domination over transgender prisoners. Additionally, my data displays how carceral and hypermasculine supremacy can be resisted and challenged by the ways in which transgender prisoners engage in bodily sovereignty and assert their gender identities. My research provides new information regarding incarcerated transgender populations through a larger-scale analysis that teases apart the intricacies of how incarceration impacts transgender prisoners, as well as points to strategies for how advocates can support transgender prisoners.
Les conditions dans lesquelles les individus transgenres sont incarcérés aux États-Unis sont devenues inquiétantes pour certains activistes et experts. Plusieurs formes d'abus à l'égard des prisonniers transgenres sont identifiables, dont l'humiliation, le harcèlement, les agressions, et le déni de droits variés. Vue la petite échelle du corps d'étude qui existe à présent sur les conditions d'incarcération des personnes trans*, mon projet explore des comptes rendus détaillés de prisonniers trans* féminines à travers les États-Unis afin de recueillir des données sur les traumatismes physiques et psychologiques qu'elles/ils subissent, ainsi que d'autres aspects de leur(e)s vies tel que la réalisation des sexes, les moyens par lesquels ells/ils résistent l'imposition carcérale de l'expression des sexes, et la transphobie. Suite à une analyse basée sur des méthodes de recherche qualitatives, les résultats présentent un compte rendu subjectifs et compréhensifs de l'incarcération de prisonniers trans* féminines, y compris les nombreuses conséquences matérielles et corporelles auxquelles ells/ils font face en prison. Les résultats démontrent les moyens par lesquelles les institutions carcérales et la masculinité hégémonique imposent du pouvoir à travers la domination corporelle et psychologique des prisonniers transgenres. De plus, les données exposent les moyens par lesquels la suprématie carcérale et l'hypermasculinité peut être résistée et contestée par les prisonniers transgenres à travers la souveraineté corporelle et l'affirmation de leur identité de genre. Ma recherche fournit de la nouvelle information concernant l'incarcération de populations transgenre à travers une analyse à grande échelle qui sert à démêler les moyens par lesquels l'incarcération impacte les prisonniers transgenres et donne quelques pistes pour les intervenants sur des potentielles stratégies de support pour les prisonniers transgenres.

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Pierre-Louis, Nadine. "Theory of Conflict Resolution Behavior: Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism and Perception of Legitimacy of Power and Ideology; a Hermeneutic Comparative Analysis." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/37.

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Since conflict studies became its own independent field, it has developed rapidly. Some argue conflict researchers must demonstrate that while conflict occurs at different social levels (e.g., inter-personal to international), there must be sufficient common attributes to justify its existence as an independent field. This justification requires formal theory based on a multi-disciplinary approach. Since its introduction in 1964, the substantive Dual Concerns Model (DCM) and subsequent iterations, have provided the basis for instruments used to research conflict management, behavior, mode, and style outside the narrow scope of its original sample group of Caucasian male managers within a large American industrial plant. Instruments based on the DCM were used to represent conflict behavior within, between, and across cultures. An emic theory was expanded to etic theory and used in place of formal theory. Therefore, this theoretical dissertation fills this void and develops formal (etic) theory. This researcher used comparative analysis to examine 187 quantitative studies from a variety of disciplines, with a cumulative sample size from these studies of 63,619 individuals. These studies examined conflict resolution behavior individually or with 274 other variables to provide the framework for developing a formal theory. The finding of this research is the development of the Pierre-Louis Conflict Continuum Model (PCCM), which examines behavior through the dimensions of cultural values, as represented by individualism and collectivism, and legitimacy of power and ideology. This research contributes a new theoretical paradigm to the field of conflict studies.

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Ifrén, Anette. "Is anaerobic performance influenced by music in moderately trained individuals?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42271.

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Rosén, Håkan. "Utanförskapet har fått ett fast grepp över vårt land : En kritisk diskurs- och ideologianalys av Folkpartiet liberalernas integrationspolitik." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6592.

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I denna studie analyseras Folkpartiet liberalernas integrationspolitik utifrån deras motion Egenmakt, arbete och jämlikhet – Liberal integrationspolitik. Fokus ligger på hur de behandlar utanförskapet och de människor som anses leva i utanförskap. En brännpunkt när utanförskap diskuteras är etnicitet varför detta också ligger i denna undersöknings centrum. Vidare ligger intresset på hur deras liberala ståndpunkter i motionen kommer till uttryck.

I analysen av det empiriska materialet använder jag mig av kritisk diskursanalys för att metoden inte uppfattar sig själv som politiskt neutral och är politiskt engagerad i social förändring, vilket jag finner väsentligt i en undersökning av ett politiskt dokument som säger sig eftersträva lika rättigheter och lika möjligheter och som riktar sig till alla människor som lever i utanförskap. För att analysera de liberala ideologiska ståndpunkterna i motionen använder jag mig även av kritisk ideologianalys. Båda dessa metoder fokuserar på maktfrågor.

De teoretiska utgångspunkter som ligger till grund för studien är socialkonstruktionism och postkoloniala studier. Socialkonstruktionismen innebär ett förhållningssätt till exempelvis etniciteter och kulturer som sociala konstruktioner skapade i interaktion människor emellan och vidare att samhällets påverkan är avgörande i konstruktionen av dessa kategorier. Postkoloniala studier utgår från att kolonialismens historiska processer fortfarande präglar världen och ävenledes synen på människor med annan etnicitet eller kulturell bakgrund än den vita västerländska bakgrunden.

Det som jag anser visa sig tydligast, och som är den viktigaste slutsatsen i min undersökning, är Folkpartiet liberalernas ignorerande av det individualistiska perspektivet i diskussionerna kring utanförskap, kultur och etnicitet. Den individuella dynamiken och samhälleliga mångfalden som är fundamental i liberalismens ideologi får i folkpartiets naturalistiska kulturkonstruktioner inget utrymme.

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Uka, Arbnora, and Sir Kristina Benjamin. "Individualism Bland Kollektivism : En studie om attityd gentemot individualism bland nyanlända syrier i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37024.

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Hook, Joshua N. "Forgiveness, Individualism, and Collectivism." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1451.

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Lindgren, Sanja. "Svenska preppers : Mellan individualism och solidaritet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84298.

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Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse för preppers relation till riskerna i dagens samhälle och belysa deras balansgång mellan individualism och solidaritet. I studien har preppers syn på sig själva och deras drivkrafter undersökts. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning gjord med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförda via telefon. Analysen av det insamlade materialet bygger på teorier om risksamhället och individen i balansgång mellan individuell frihet och strukturellt tvång; tidigare forskning om just fenomenet prepping används också. Analysen görs utifrån begreppet risksamhälle eftersom prepping handlar just om ett förebyggande arbete mot överhängande risker. Med förförståelsen att prepping rör sig ifrån bilden av en stigmatiserad ensamvarg mot en mer solidarisk samhällsmedborgare har jag använt dikotomin individualism - solidaritet. Resultatet visar att svenska preppers lever med en balansgång mellan individualitet och solidaritet där de vill prioritera den egna säkerheten framför att eventuellt hjälpa andra. Studiens informanter visar att trots en bristande tilltro för myndigheter och upplevd falsk trygghet vill de tillhöra det sociala kollektivet - däremot vill de inte delta i de osäkra systemen som samhället bygger på.

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Robinson, George Chapman. "Managers in teams: How valuing individualism or collectivism affects their participation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060879807.

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Smith, Matthew Bryan. "Durkheim's Refutation of Spencerian Methodological Individualism: A Critical Evaluation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1891.

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The famed French classical social theorist Emile Durkheim's academic reputation is based largely on his critical rejection of the British utilitarian tradition and specifically the writings of the classical British sociologist Herbert Spencer. In this thesis I critically evaluate Durkheim's critique of Herbert Spencer's methodological individualism. It is found that while select Durkheimian claims merit continued allegiance, his broader critique of Spencer's methodological individualism must be viewed as logically and empirically deficient. In conclusion I examine the implications for Durkheimian sociology and the broader social theoretical enterprise directed at analyzing and conceptualizing the nature of sociality and the social bond.

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Ng, Isabel Wing-chun. "A cross cultural study of power and power motivation in China and the United States." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3253369.

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Howard, Peter R. "Redemptive power a theological framework for using social power /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Olausson, Christine, and Lotzner Lynn Eliasson. "Vägen till framgång - en studie om studenters val och upplevelser av att studera på en elithögskola." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34452.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att utveckla vår kunskap om den sociala snedrekryteringen till högre studier. Vad är det som gör att studenter väljer som de gör och hur upplever de sedan, utifrån social bakgrund, det faktiska mötet med högskolan? För att få grepp om detta valde vi att genomföra sex intervjuer med studenter på en högskola som tillhandahåller elitutbildningar. Tre av dem hade föräldrar med högskoleexamen och tre av dem hade föräldrar utan högskoleexamen. Analysen baseras på Phil Hodkinson och Andrew C. Sparkes karriärteori, Careership, och Pierre Bourdieus begrepp habitus, fält och kapital. Analysen byggs till viss del även på begreppen socialisation och individualisering.Resultatet visar att studenterna från studievana hem ser högskolestudier som en självklarhet utifrån uppväxtmiljön. Utbildningsvalet grundar de på intresse men alternativen är samtidigt begränsade till ett fåtal högstatusutbildningar. Studenterna från studieovana hem ser högre studier som ett måste för att erhålla en god position på arbetsmarknaden och grundar sitt val av utbildning främst på målet att få ett bra och tillfredsställande arbete. Majoriteten studenter från både studievana och studieovana hem anser att högskolans status har utgjort en viktig faktor i valet. Flera av dem har även inspirerats av personer i sin omgivning, till exempel släktingar och chefer. Vidare visas att samtliga studenter i mötet med högskolan anpassar sig till något som liknar en idealbild bland studenterna – bland annat att vara ambitiös och välklädd. Slutligen visas att studenter engagerar sig på skilda sätt i studentlivet, vilket vi tror kan inverka på framtida karriärmöjligheter.

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Wright, Michele E. "Power suits her : an arts-based portrayal of women and power." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79813.

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This arts-based study examines how three women, who hold senior positions in development organizations, perceive of power. Emphasis is placed not only on how the participants describe their power identities, but also on how those identities can be portrayed. Based on data collected in interviews and drawing on the metaphors of portraiture, the power suit and the feminist conception of "voice", the women's power identities are represented in three ways: textually (in the form of "power identity profiles"), visually (in the form of "power suit" costume designs) and aurally (in the form of dramatic monologues). Through notes, descriptions, outlines and explanations the entire process of this aesthetic/interpretive inquiry is documented.
While not being offered as a generalizable or even representative sample, the three women in this study illustrate the importance of diverse, individualized inquiry approaches in order to appreciate and represent the nuance and contradiction inherent to women's thoughts and feelings about power.

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Kiernan, Annabel K. "Power and policymaking." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4222/.

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This thesis is concerned with approaches to policymaking analysis. It argues that dominant neo-pluralist theories of policymaking have limited explanatory force. This arises from the method of inquiry, which necessarily limits the scope of analysis. The emphasis on inductive methods, coupled with a narrow focus on nonformalised sub-state networks, produces a model which is a useful way of identifying non-state policy actors, but which has no explanatory capacity outside such networks. In particular two weaknesses in network analysis are highlighted as significant. The first is that neo-pluralism does not account for the possible constraint on meso-level activity by the state. The state's ability to constrain individual agency may arise either from its position as a distinct social actor, or from it being an aspect of structural constraint. As this latter point implies, the second key weakness with neo-pluralist network analysis is owing to its structural indeterminism. The thesis argues that an adequate account of the policymaking process must recognise the possibility of limits to actor autonomy which arise from individual interaction with structure. Although the argument is made for a structural dimension to policymaking analysis, it concedes the dangers of functionalism and determinism which can arise from the application of structural frameworks. Consequently, the thesis argues for a duality of structure and agency as the core of political analysis. This argument is made on theoretical grounds, and via discussion of an empirical case study of the EU Task Force Environment: Water. The argument then is for a dual approach to policymaking which utilises both inductive and deductive methods. It is argued (a) that a Marxist analysis of the state and the structural constraints of capitalism can be combined (although not integrated) with networks analysis in a dual approach, and (b) that this combination provides the best model of policymaking.

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Finkle, Clea T. "State, power, and police in colonial North India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10697.

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De, Oliveira Thiago L. "Are Associations Between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement Moderated by Ethnicity and Individualism-Collectivism?" ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/512.

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Researchers have long been concerned in documenting the nature of associations between parenting styles and academic achievement in adolescents. Social learning theory has shown how domains such as individualism, collectivism, and ethnicity are associated with parent behavior. Research suggests compatibility between individualism and authoritative parenting and collectivism with authoritarian parenting styles, which could have critical implications in the relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement. Despite the robust research on parenting styles, no research has investigated the moderating roles of individualism and collectivism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the associations between parenting style and academic achievement and whether some of the associations were moderated by ethnicity, individualism, and collectivism. The sample consisted of 225 parents who were recruited via an online newsletter sent by school personnel. Parenting styles were measured by the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire while individualism and collectivism variables were measured by the Self-Construal Scale. Correlation coefficients calculated the associations between parenting styles and academic achievement, while the regression analyses addressed the moderator hypotheses. Authoritative parenting had a significant positive correlation with GPA, while both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had a significant negative correlation with GPA. Within the moderator hypotheses, neither ethnicity nor individualism and collectivism served as a significant moderator between parenting styles and GPA. These findings may inform parents and educators of the importance of parenting styles on education, beyond the explanatory power of ethnicity or value system.

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Rybaczuk, Rachel. "The Search for Self-Fulfillment: How Individualism Undermines Community Organizing." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/278/.

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Cook, Jonathan E. "Social stigma and subjective power in naturalistic social interaction /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400960581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Johansson, Therese, Sandra Sjöholm, and Josefine Werner. "Det nya arbetslivet : En kvalitativ studie om studenters syn på anställningsbarhet." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17578.

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Denna studie behandlar det nya arbetslivet och vilka konsekvenser det innebär för individen. Studiens syfte är att förstå hur studenter på högskolenivå ser på de krav på arbetsmarknaden som medföljt ur individualiseringens kölvatten, med fokus på begreppet anställningsbarhet.Frågeställningarna berör individernas syn på anställningsbarhet samt om studenterna serindividualistiskt eller kollektivistiskt på anställningsbarhet. Arbetet är kvalitativt genomfört och har en abduktiv inriktning med en omfattning av åtta intervjuer. Urvalet innefattar fyra sjuksköterskestudenter samt fyra ingenjörsstudenter. Teorier som studien använder är Sennetts (2007) kritiska reflektion på individualiseringen, Allvin m.fl. (2006) presentation omkonsekvenserna av individualiseringen samt Garsten och Jacobssons (2004) diskussion kring anställningsbarhet. Teorierna som författarna presenterar menar att individualiseringen har inneburit en rad konsekvenser för samhället och individen samt att arbetsmarknaden har förändrats i takt med detta. Vidare behandlar teoretikerna att två läger skapats i och medindividualiseringen, de som kan anamma och dra nytta av det nya arbetslivet samt de somhamnar utanför. I denna kontext uppstår en norm, ett sätt en individ “bör” vara för att kunna följa med i den ständiga utvecklingen. Respondenterna hade en relativt samstämmig bild av deras kommande arbetsliv. Individerna tenderade att resonera individualistiskt kring många aspekter på arbetsmarknaden. En del aspekter framträdde dock som kollektivistiska drag hosindividerna. Studien ger en intressant bild av de avtryck som individualiseringen medfört och hur dess konsekvenser på arbetsmarknaden påverkat unga vuxna som idag utbildar sig för att senare kunna verka på arbetsmarknaden.

This study covers “the new work life” and the consequences it entails for the individual. The aim of the study is to understand how student at university level perceive the demands of the labor market that accompand the individualization, focusing on the concept of employability.

The issues concern individual views on employability and if the students perceive

employability as individualistic or collectivistic. The study is carried out qualitatively and has an abductive direction based on eight interviews. The selection includes four nursing student and four engineering students. The study uses theories on Sennett´s (2007) critical reflection of individualization, Allvin et.al. (2006) presentation about the consequences of the individualization and Garsten and Jacobsson´s (2004) discussion on employability. The authors of the theories imply that the individualization has led to a number of consequences for the society and the individual, and that the work life has change. Furthermore the authors of the theories discuss two groups created by the individualization, those who can embrace

and take advantage of the new work life and those who can´t. In this context, there is a norm emerging, a way an individual “should” act in order to keep up with the incessant

development. The respondents of the study had a relatively unanimous picture of their future working life. The individuals tended to reason individualistic on numerous aspects of the labor market. Some aspects of the individuals emerged, however, as collectivist traits. The study provides an interesting picture of the individualizations effects and how these

consequences on the labor market affect the young adults that are about to enter the labor market.

Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

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Idnert, Ekeskär Eleonore, and Caroline Berg. "Hur framställs barnet? : En semiotisk bildanalys av individualistisk och kollektivistisk marknadsföring." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33052.

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Kulturen skiljer sig åt mellan olika länder runtom i världen. Ett beteende som anses vara normalt i ett land, uppfattas istället som konstigt i ett annat. Dessa skillnader leder till att företag som verkar på den internationella marknaden måste anpassa sin marknadsföringsstrategi efter de kulturer de riktar in sig på. Syftet i studien är att undersöka hur barnet framställs inom marknadsföring i olika länder. Mer specifikt hur barnet framställs inom kollektivistisk respektive individualistisk kultur, med förhoppningen att undersöka ifall barnet framställs på ett olikartat sätt inom respektive kultur. Vidare syftar studien att undersöka huruvida graden individualism respektive kollektivism, i ett land, har någon påverkan på hur barnet framställs inom marknadsföring. För att uppnå förståelse kring syftet utfördes en semiotisk bildanalys på en rad olika marknadsföringar. Resultaten av analyserna jämfördes sedan med tidigare forskning gällande kollektivism och individualism. Genom bildanalysen framkom det att det föreligger ett avvikande kulturerna emellan gällande barnets framställning. Inom individualistiska kulturer framställs barnet på ett självständig vis, där det föreligger en positiv känsla kring en separation från andra individer. Inom kollektivistiska kulturer, å andra sidan, framställs barnet som en del utav en grupp, och inte på ett självständigt vis. Det anses även som viktigt att upprätthålla harmonin och att undvika konflikter. Vidare visade studien att poängen, gällande graden individualism och kollektivism i ett land, inte har någon större betydelse för hur barnet framställs inom marknadsföring
Culture differs between various countries around the world. One thing that is logical in one country is illogical in another. These variation results in a need for international companies to adapt their marketing strategies after the cultures they are targeting. This essay is about cultural differences, and the purpose is to examine whether the child is produced differently in marketing in different countries. More specifically, how the child is produced in collectivist as well as in individualistic cultures. The essay aims to examine whether the child is produced multifarious in these different dimensions. The purpose of this essay is also to investigate whether the countries´ amount of individualism and collectivism, have an impact on how children are produced in marketing. To investigate these issues a semiotic image analysis was used, where a variety of commercials were investigated. The result from the image analyzes has been analyzed using previous research concerning individualism and collectivism. By using image analyzes, it appeared that there is a divergence between individualistic and collectivist cultures, regarding how the child is produced in marketing. In individualistic cultures the child is produced in an independent perspective, as well as a separation from others. On the other hand, in collectivist cultures the child is produced as a part of a group. Not in an independent manner. It is also important to maintain harmony, and avoid conflicts in collectivist cultures. Furthermore, it appeared in the study that the countries´ extent of individualism and collectivism, has very little impact on how children are produced in marketing.

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Jacobz, Melville. "Objectivity, power and interests : a sociological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52376.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Discourse about the human world has, since Socrates, been structured around the assumption that one view of a given matter is better than competing views, and that argumentation, if carried out correctly and systematically, will favour the view which has the preponderance of reasons and evidence on its side. If this supposition were dropped, the nature of social scientific inquiry would change significantly. For many commentators in the social sciences the ineliminable interpretative dimension of social inquiry and the standpoint-bound character of interpretation lead to the conclusion that we have to abandon any notion of objective truth in the social sciences. The central question raised in this thesis is whether this abandonment is inevitable or even plausible. Is it plausible to conflate objectivity and truth? Is objectivity a possible characteristic of the individual researcher or a characteristic of the scientific research process? Does the cultural environment of the researcher impact on the validity of research findings? If science is a social phenomenon, are scientific beliefs different from other beliefs? How do the interests of the individual researcher or the formal organisation of scientific practice impact on the validity of findings? What role does power play in the shaping of knowledge? These are the questions that will be addressed in the following thesis. The methodology of Max Weber serves as a point of departure and divergences and similarities to the work of Weber are explored in the writings of Kuhn, the Edinburgh School, Latour, Foucault, Habermas, as well as contemporary postmodernist and feminist writers. The analysis of these various concepts and approaches is not presented chronologically, but rather as an exposition of the contributors of various commentators in the fields of both the sociology of science and knowledge, and the philosophy of science.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Diskoers oor die menslike wêreld is, sedert Socrates, gestuktureer rondom die aanname dat een siening van 'n gegewe saak beter is as mededingende sienings, en dat argumentasie, indien korrek en sistematies uitgevoer, ten voordeel sal wees van die siening wat gesteun word deur die oormaat van redes en bewyse. As ons hierdie aanname sou laat vaar, sal die stand van sosiaal wetenskaplike ondersoek ingrypend verander. Vir menige kommentator in die sosiale wetenskappe lei die onafwendbare interpretatiewe dimensie van maatskaplike ondersoek, en die standpunt-gebonde aard van interpretasie, tot die gevolgtrekking dat ons enige opvatting van objektiwiteit in die sosiale wetenskappe moet laat vaar. Die kernvraag in hierdie tesis is of hierdie verskuiwing onvermydelik of selfs aanneemlik is. Is dit geldig om objektiwiteit en waarheid saam te snoer? Is objektiwiteit 'n moontlike eienskap van die individuele navorser, of 'n eienskap van die navorsingsproses? Watter impak het die kulturele omgewing van die navorser op die geldigheid van die navorsingsbevindinge? As wetenskap 'n sosiale fenomeen is, is wetenskaplike oortuigings enigsins anders as ander oortuigings? Watter impak het die belange van 'n individuele navorser, of die formele organsiasie van wetenskaplike praktyk, op die geldigheid van bevindings? Watter rol speel mag in die vorming en skepping van kennis? Hierdie is die vrae wat aangespreek word in dié tesis. Die metodologie van Max Weber dien as vertrekpunt, en ooreenkomste tot en afwykings van die sienings van Weber word ondersoek in die werk van Kuhn, die "Edinburgh School", Latour, Foucault, Habermas, sowel as kontemporêre postmoderne en feministiese skrywers. Die analise van hierdie verskeie konsepte en benaderings word nie kronologies aangebied nie, maar eerder as 'n uiteensetting van die bydraes van verskeie kommentators op die gebied van die sosiologie van die wetenskap en van kennis, sowel as die filosofie van wetenskap.

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Eftychiou, Evi. "Power and tourism : negotiating identity in rural Cyprus." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10420.

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This thesis focuses on the disputed identity of rural Cyprus. It is an ethnographic study on tourism that argues that the power of western hegemony, not only defines but also reverses the definition of ‘modern’ identity in the cultural setting of Cyprus in a way that its authority is maintained and legitimized. By focusing on identity politics and tourism in the Troodos mountainous region, this study examines the conflict between native elites and locals over the definition of modernity. In the postcolonial setting of the 1960s, native elites reproduced the western vision of ‘development’, ‘progress’ and ‘modernity’, as expressed in Europe after the Second World War. The invented concept of ‘modernity’ was introduced by native elites and was translated into policies and strategies towards the achievement of rapid ‘progress’ and the development of mass tourism in the coastal zones of Cyprus. As a result, the Cypriot authorities neglected Troodos mountainous region as a low--‐priority area and its residents were exposed as underdeveloped, backward peasants. The economic boom of the 1970s and 1980s, provided to rural residents the opportunity to, finally achieve ‘progress’, by reproducing the mass tourism model. In the meantime though, the native elites reversed the definition of modernity, which reproduced the western principles of sustainable development, environmental and cultural heritage protection. The ‘underdeveloped’ region of Troodos, was now identified as ideal for the implementation of environment and heritage conservation projects, with the ultimate goal of developing small scale, cultural tourism in the area. In this context, native elites appropriate material tradition, in other words elements that were once classified as evidence of backwardness, in order to achieve ‘modernity’. The denial of locals to reproduce the new paradigm of development and their persistence to strive for material modernity left them once again exposed as ‘backward’, ‘ignorant’ and ‘parvenus’ peasants.

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Pun, Sing-mei. "Controlling women : sexuality, imperialism and power /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20059887.

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Gray, Ellen M. "Gender and negotiating power among separating couples testing a process theory of power /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56229.pdf.

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Linander, Lovisa, and Kühn Rebecca Farrar. ""Jag är elevens advokat på något sätt, jag står alltid för elevens vilja"." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32414.

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Vägledning kan ofta ske i sammanhang där individens och samhällets intressen står ikonflikt med varandra. Enligt Sveriges vägledarförenings etiska riktlinjer ska vägledarensätta individen i centrum och stå fri från särintressen. En sådan konflikt ärkompetensförsörjningen inom välfärden där behovet av arbetskraft och kompetensförväntas nå skyhöga nivåer de kommande tio åren. Vägledning utifrån ettkompetensförsörjningsbehov i välfärden kan möjligtvis ses som ett särintresse förvägledare. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka hur studie- och yrkesvägledare inomgymnasieskolan resonerar angående Sveriges vägledarförenings etiska riktlinjer om att sättaindividen i fokus samtidigt som det finns ett behov av specifik arbetskraft i välfärden.Frågeställningarna som studien ämnar att besvara är hur ser studie- och yrkesvägledare igymnasieskolan på konflikten mellan individ och samhälle i sin yrkesroll, vilken roll deanser att de har angående kompetensförsörjningen inom välfärden och de hur de ställer sigtill att prata om yrken utifrån ett samhällsperspektiv. För att besvara frågeställningarna harsju kvalitativa intervjuer med studie- och yrkesvägledare i gymnasieskolan utförts. Deteoretiska begreppen som används i analysen är välfärdens maktrelationer,humankapitalteorin, individualism, rationalitet och irrationalitet. Av resultatet framgår detatt samtliga informanter har ett individfokus där de sätter individen centrum tillsammansmed dess intressen och önskemål. Informanterna ser det inte som sitt ansvar att arbeta medkompetensförsörjningen utan menar att det är samhällets och statens ansvar. Detframkommer även att det inte nödvändigtvis behöver finnas en motsättning mellanindividens och samhällets intressen så länge individen är rationell och får tillgång tilltillräcklig och rätt information.

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Ebeling, Sarah, and Kiran Gustafsson. "Aspirations, possibilities and limitations–Indian middleclass students' view on future career and related values." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28876.

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The aim of this study is to investigate how middle class, secondary school students in Bangalore view their future in the background context of individualist and collectivist influences, traditionally related to Western respectively Eastern culture. The objectives are as follows:How do secondary school students view their future in terms of further studies and work opportunities and what possibilities and/or limitations do they identify? What in relation to this are some of the underlying, deciding factors?What values do secondary school students take into account while considering a future career? To what extent can these values be related to the general distinctions between collectivism and individualism, traditionally related to Eastern and Western culture?Theoretical terms used in the thesis are the sociological concepts of individualism and collectivism and Krumboltz’s social learning theory, a constructivist career theory. This is a qualitative study, interviews were used to examine eight students’ views about their future as well as values related to this.The main conclusions of the study are that the students in general are very positive about their future, they believe in themselves and their abilities and rate the likeliness of reaching their goals as high. All of them want to move on to further studies, studying and working abroad is also something that is appealing to many of them. One of the possible limitations is lack of money. Deciding factors include own interests and abilities, family’s opinions, social class and external factors like labor market. Values concerning family, education and work are for the most part collectivist but some strong individualist features can also be seen, such as choosing a vocation based on your interest.

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Lavoie, Carmen. "Race, power and social action in neighbourhood community organizing: a case study." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92272.

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This thesis asks the following question: "how does race and ethnicity emerge in the daily practice of community organizers who work in low-income, multi-racial, multi-ethnic neighbourhoods?" Given that the concepts of race and ethnicity are understood to be social constructs, community organizing practice is analysed in this thesis in terms of its' constitutive role. By examining community organizing practice in one neighbourhood in Québec, Canada, I argue that issues of race and ethnicity are largely constructed in community organizing practice as distinct from relations of power. I demonstrate this construction of race and ethnicity using data gathered from 16 community organizers through interviews, textual analysis and observations. I analyse the data from three angles: first, actions regarding issues of race and ethnicity that are normalized (i.e. "possible"); second, actions regarding issues of race and ethnicity that are constrained (i.e. "not possible"); and, lastly, actions that are resistant to normalized and/or constrained practices, and that link race and ethnicity to power relations. In this way, I delineate Foucault's "field of action" (1982, p. 221) regarding race and ethnicity in neighbourhood community organizing and demonstrate how the structure of power in community organizing functions to render the connection between race and power largely invisible.
Cette thèse pose la question suivante : «Comment la race et l'ethnicité émergent dans la pratique quotidienne des organisateurs communautaires qui oeuvrent dans des quartiers à faible revenu, multiraciaux et multiethniques ?» Étant donné que les concepts de race et d'appartenance ethnique sont compris pour être des constructs sociaux, la pratique d'organisation des communautés est analysée dans cette thèse en termes de son rôle constitutif.En examinant la pratique d'organisation des communauté dans un quartier de Québec au Canada, je soutiens que les questions de race et d'appartenance ethnique sont en grande partie construites dans la pratique d'organisation de communauté par opposition aux relations de pouvoir. Je démontre cette construction de race et d'appartenance ethnique utilisant des données rassemblées auprès de 16 organisateurs communautaires par des interviews, l'analyse de textes et des observations. J'analyse les données de trois angles : d'abord, les actions quant aux questions de race et d'appartenance ethnique qui sont normalisées (c'est-à-dire «possible»); deuxièmement, des actions quant aux questions de race et d'appartenance ethnique qui sont contraintes (c'est-à-dire «non possible»); et, finalement, les actions qui sont résistantes aux pratiques normalisées et/ou contraintes et qui relie race et appartenance ethnique pour faire fonctionner des relations. De cette façon, je définis «le champ d'action» de Foucault (1982, p. 221) quant à la race et l'appartenance ethnique dans les organisations communautaires de quartier et démontrent comment la structure de pouvoir dans la communauté organisant des fonctions pour rendre la connexion entre la race et le pouvoir en grande partie invisible.

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Cho, Sooyoung. "The power of public relations." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3204594.

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Wong, Hou-wai Mimi. "Power dynamics in project organisations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251638.

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Sanche, Andrea. "Toronto the Good: devolution and the transformative power of municipal regulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92407.

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This paper outlines how the devolution of power from federal and provincial governments to municipalities has expanded and the role of municipal law. This shift in power to municipalities was supported by courts and buttressed by a shift in political philosophy. This paper demonstrates that although many critics have argued that municipal regulation has been used to marginalize already marginalized groups, it may also have a transformative effect on cities and their residents. Using the case study of municipal regulation passed in the City of Toronto, this paper argues that while this transformation may result in marginalization, it may also allow for the inclusion of more and more diverse voices in municipal decision-making.
Ce document décrit la façon dont la décentralisation du pouvoir des gouvernements fédéral et provincial aux municipalités s'est élargie et le rôle du droit municipal. Ce transfert de pouvoir aux municipalités a été appuyée par les tribunaux et étayée par un changement de philosophie politique. Le présent document démontre que, bien que de nombreux critiques ont fait valoir que le règlement municipal a été utilisé pour marginaliser les groupes déjà marginalisés, elle mai également avoir un effet transformateur sur les villes et leurs habitants. Utilisation de l'étude de cas du règlement municipal adopté dans la ville de Toronto, ce document fait valoir que, si cette transformation mai fait à l'exclusion, elle mai également permettre l'inclusion des voix de plus en plus diverses dans le processus décisionnel municipal.

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Svensson, Kristofer. "En smak av svensk manlighet : Ideal och värden i sportdrycksreklam." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6822.

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The society of consumption exposes us to a lot of information, where advertisement constitutes an extensive part. Due to its expanding, advertisement receives a natural and obvious space in our everyday life. This study aims to investigate how social and cultural values can be mediated in advertisement. The focus has been put to ideas related to health and fitness in the advertisement of power drinks. The thesis takes social constructionism as a starting point, and combines image- and critical discourse analysis in purpose to analyze the pictures.Sociology of consumption, construction of identity, lifestyle and everyday life all constitute an essential part of my analysis. The analysis of the advertisement of power drinks made in this essay, shows that aspects such as health and fitness are put aside. Instead, ideals that advocate conceptions about masculinity and swedishness get a salient position.

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Saller, Nathalie. "Who is the Economista? : The Paradox of Feminism: Collectivism and Individualism Within an Online Group for Female Private Investors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447890.

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In the last few years, there has been an explosion of Facebook groups specifically directed at a female audience. One topic that seems to organize and interest Swedish women especially is money. This study explores the biggest Swedish financial group of them all: Economista – women who enjoy stocks and private economy, currently hosting 146 thousand members. The group is studied through a theoretical lens of fourth wave feminism, characterized by the use of digital tools for feminist action, as well as a revival of the feminist collective action from the second wave feminism, and a continuation of a feminist individual empowerment of third wave feminism. The study aims to investigate how feminism, and the empowerment of women is negotiated within the group. It also investigates what defines and delimits the female discursive object of the Economista. Methods used are a critical feminist discourse analysis and an explorative netnography, combined with focus group discussions with members of the group. The study shows that Economista can be seen as a collective space as members experience the group as a safe space where they educate each other about the stock market – a field historically dominated by men, that many are reluctant to enter. It also functions as a space for consciousness raising about patriarchal structures playing out in their everyday economic lives. However, the group can also be viewed as a limited emancipation, as it only includes a limited scope of individuals. The economically liberated subject that comes forth – The Economista – is a neoliberal, feminine version of a Homo economicus, who is responsible for making deliberate, rational decisions regarding her economy. In this postfeminist discourse, feminist analysis is no longer needed, as women have all the possibilities in the world to live a rich and happy life – if they just put their minds into it. The study shows that it is precisely these instances of “empowerment” that are important to dissect, as these often conceal limiting structures. In this case, the implications that this notion of freedom and “lack of governance” has for feminist struggle is that it masks norms, hierarchies and structural power relations producing economic inequality. Economista thus becomes part of the problem that it sets out to solve, as the group pictures itself as a solution to women’s economic inequality, at the expense of other solutions.

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Farrar, Margaret Ellen. "Power and resistance in the age of informationalization." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020310/.

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Frantz, Erica Emily. "Tying the dictator's hands elite coalitions in authoritarian regimes /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1579964161&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Pritchard, Matthew. "Land, power and peace: Land tenure systems and the formalization agenda in Rwanda." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96716.

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Land tenure and agricultural reform are essential components of postwar development. This is especially true in Rwanda, where eighty percent of the population depends on subsistence agriculture in a rural system plagued by declining production and increasing population pressure. Given these challenges, in 2005 the Government of Rwanda introduced an ambitious set of tenure and agriculture reforms designed to replace subsistence farmers with a highly commercialized and professional agricultural sector. While introduced as a 'pro-poor' policy, field data demonstrate that the Government has shifted away from tenure reform as a means to physically consolidate land, and is currently striving to realize economies of scale through mandatory crop specialization. Furthermore, data demonstrate that the Government's desire to consolidate land holdings through tenure and agricultural policies has decreased food and tenure security, restricted farmers' rights and undermined subsistence livelihoods. While decreasing production and increasing conflict over land validate the need to reorganize rural Rwanda, the goals of Government tenure policies, forceful implementation of large-scale changes, and continued marginalization of the most vulnerable groups present a significant challenge to rural reform, and undermine the state's long-term strategy for macro-economic growth.
La réforme du régime foncier et du secteur agricole sont des éléments essentiels du développement en situation d'après-guerre. Ceci est particulièrement vrai au Rwanda, où quatre-vingt pourcent de la population Rwandaise dépend de l'agriculture de subsistance dans un système rural envahi et débordé par une production déclinante et une grande croissance de population. Prenant compte de ces obstacles, en 2005 le Gouvernement Rwandais introduit une série ambitieuse de réformes foncières et agricoles, créés pour remplacer les fermiers de subsistance avec un secteur agricole hautement commercialisé et professionnel. Même si cette nouvelle politique a été introduite supposément «pour les pauvres », des résultats de recherche démontrent que le Gouvernement s'est éloigné de la réforme foncière comme moyen de consolider leurs propriétés, se déplaçant vers la création d'économies d'échelle en imposant des politiques de spécialisation d'espèces partout au Rwanda. De plus, les résultats de travail de terrain démontrent que le désire du Gouvernement de consolider leur territoire foncier à travers de telles politiques fait diminuer la sécurité alimentaire et foncière, limite les droits des fermiers, et décime les moyens de vies de subsistance des Rwandais. Même si une production qui diminue et un conflit de territoire foncier qui s'augmente fait valider la nécessité de réorganiser le Rwanda rural, les buts des politiques foncières du Gouvernement du Rwanda, l'implémentation d'énormes changements par force, et la marginalisation continue des groupes les plus vulnérables présente un grand défi à la réforme rurale, et présente un obstacle à la stratégie à long terme pour une croissance au niveau macro-économique.

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Hossain, Adnan. "Beyond emasculation : pleasure, power and masculinity in the making of hijrahood in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7989.

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Wilhelmová, Veronika. "Data Biopolitics for Peace? ‘Peace’ as a Technique of Power for Social Control." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22578.

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In light of Sweden’s increased reliance on surveillance for ensuring security within its own borders, as well as the promotion of big data use for the purposes of predictive analyses in support of peacebuilding, these developments warrant critical assessment. This thesis engages in an explanatory critique of the discursive (re-)definitions of peace in 16 officially released online documents of the Government Offices of Sweden against the backdrop of the increasing use of data technology. The study follows a qualitative design and utilises critical discourse analysis as its methodology while employing data biopolitics as a theoretical lens. The thesis argues that the understanding of and focus on peace establishes peace as a violent means of ordering society, whilst constructing and reproducing social relations marked by asymmetric power and knowledge dynamics and epistemic violence. The analysis suggests that the texts’ discursive and social practices indicate an increasingly reproduced focus on peace and security for development by means of social control enabled by various forms of data technology. Finally, the study reflects on the wider socio-cultural implications of the social relations, identities, and the social world envisioned by the texts and suggests potential paths for future research.

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Brodin, Nils, and Johan Hanberg. "Efficient Power : A discourse analysis of energy efficiency policies from Finland and Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36429.

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Ricketts, Jennifer J. "Adolescents and power understandings of power, and deconstruction of negative peer interactions /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20041217.122437.

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Ottelid, Matilda. ""Om du har ett äpple, vill du dela det med mig?" En kvalitativ undersökning kring kollektivism, individualism och elevinflytande i den svenska skolan." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30033.

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Syftet med följande arbete är att få en bild av vilka signaler de intervjuade eleverna uppfattar att skolan sänder dem angående kollektivism och individualism. Uppfattar eleverna sin skola som främst kollektivistisk eller individualistisk? Vidare undersöks vilken typ av beslut eleverna uppfattar att de har inflytande över i skolan. Arbetet ger en översikt av delar av för ämnet relevant forskning, främst med fokus på samarbete mellan elever och mellan lärare, och av de delar av läroplanen som kan relateras till kollektivism/individualism samt elevinflytande i skolan. Först har en pilotstudie genomförts, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning. Den huvudsakliga delen av undersökningen har dock gjorts med hjälp av sex kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer med elever i skolår åtta, i vilka informanterna har fått besvara och resonera kring ett antal frågor som har berört skolans kollektivism/individualism och elevinflytande.Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten av undersökningen att det råder en viss ambivalens i de signaler som eleverna tar emot från skolan angående frågor som rör kollektivism/individualism, detta delvis i enlighet med läroplanens ambivalens. Individualismen tycks emellertid vara den dominerande inriktningen i praktiken. Direktiv i styrdokument och verbala signaler från lärare uttrycker att samarbete är önskvärt, men eftersom undervisningen i praktiken sällan tycks arrangeras för ett äkta samarbete och lärarna inte själva samarbetar med varandra blir signalerna om samarbete överskuggade av budskapet att det är säkrast att satsa på det egna lärandet.
A qualitative survey on collectivism, individualism and student influence in Swedish schools. The aim of this thesis is to obtain an image of which signals the interviewed students apprehend that school sends to them concerning collectivism and individualism. Do the students apprehend their school as mainly collectivist or mainly individualist? Further more it will be examined what kind of decisions the students apprehend to influence upon at school.The thesis offers a general view of some scientific investigation of relevance. Briefly, the result of the six qualitative scientific interviews with 8th grade students shows that there is a certain ambivalence in the signals which the students claim to receive from their school considering collectivism and individualism. In practice, individualism seems to dominate their school, though. The survey also shows that the interviewed students seem to have very little influence on their every day reality at school.

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Lin, Yin. "Efficacy of REACH Forgiveness for Foreign and Virginia Students." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2952.

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People agree that forgiveness is a virtue in essentially all countries. However, different cultures have different ideas about how willing one should forgive and under what circumstances. Although the study occurred in the USA, I recruited both foreign-extraction and Virginia born-and-raised female college students (N=102) to participate a six-hour REACH forgiveness intervention, promoting their forgiveness through psychoeducational groups. In my thesis, I investigated whether students of foreign extraction and Virginia-born students would respond similarly to the intervention. I operationalized culture in two ways—by country and by individual self-reported self-construal. I measured forgiveness using two measures—decisional forgiveness and emotional forgiveness. I found that the six-hour REACH forgiveness intervention enhanced participants’ forgiveness regardless of their culture background. But foreign students who were functioning in a US university did not respond differently than Virginia-born students. The similar findings also applied to participants who perceived themselves differently in Collectivism and Individualism.

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Charlton, Kelly. "Attempting to gain access into a high power group : the effects of boundary permeability and outcome /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901224.

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Criqui, Joseph E. "A confirmatory factor analysis of two competing social power measurement systems." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4168.

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The main purpose of this study is to analyze a measurement instrument developed by Frost & Stahelski (1988) to measure French & Raven's (1959) bases of social power. The measurement instrument of a competing typology of social influence tactics (Kipnis, Schmidt, & Wilkinson, 1980) was also administered to the same managerial population (N=108). Confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1986) were performed on each scale. Possible relationships between the two typologies were explored. Results include confirming a modified Frost & Stahelski scale and no confirmation of the Kipnis et al. scale. Canonical correlation yielded two dimensions where Coercive Power and Expert Power relate to Assertiveness and Rationality respectively. Exploratory factor analysis of the composite scores from both typologies yielded two factors called Positive Power and Negative Power. Implications and future research are briefly discussed.

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Bailey, Wayne Derrick. "Social deprivation and widening participation : the continuing power of local culture." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/24267/.

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This thesis explores why a group of young people with level 3 qualifications, living within traditionally working-class communities, choose not to participate in HE. It discusses their expectations, motivations and aspirations and the social, cultural and personal factors that contribute to their decision making. The findings are drawn from a set of semi-structured interviews with 36 sixth form students. The research adapts a Bourdieuian framework and utilises a three-level methodology. Though the analysis considers the subjective points of view of the participants, with respect to their non-participation, it also pays attention to factors which appeared to have shaped and moulded decisions. Participants’ decisions appeared to be shaped by their place of study, their friends and family and, most importantly, by their parent(s) and this impacted on their aspirations and how motivated they were to participate in HE. The importance of academic-related support is evidenced throughout. It seemed to instil a sense of belonging and solidarity and was motivational. Without a guarantee of similar support, participants were not prepared to participate in HE. A particularly complex attitude to debt was also highlighted. Not incurring debt appeared to be a cultural rule, particularly when there was no guaranteed financial and employment related benefit to participation. This thesis argues that similar outlooks, backgrounds, interests, lifestyles and opportunities resulted in the adoption of shared practices, common patterns of reactions and accepted ways of doing things when it came to HE participation. This thesis helps us to understand why a particular group of young people has not been influenced in the same way as some others by the change in attitude towards HE. More specifically, it enhances our understanding of the complex, yet subtle influences that can lead young people to choose not to participate in HE.

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Clay, William. "The Effect of Power on Exploratory Behavior." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2067.

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The relations between power, exploratory behavior, and willingness to take risks were investigated. It was hypothesized that high power would be associated with increases in exploratory behavior, and that this relationship would be mediated by participants’ willingness to take risks. In Study One, one-hundred forty-one undergraduates (66% female) completed questionnaires to assess trait power and willingness to take risk, as well as a computer-based research paradigm, BeanFest, to assess exploration. Willingness to take risks correlated positively with exploration. However, the predicted relations involving power were not observed. In Study Two, power was experimentally manipulated. One-hundred thirty-three undergraduates (61% female) were randomly assigned to a high-power or low-power condition before completing measures of exploration and willingness to take risk. Results indicated no significant differences between the power conditions in exploration or risk propensity. Suggestions for directions that future research should take in order to test the proposed relations are discussed.

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Morrow, Frank Spurgeon. "The U.S. power structure and the mass media." San Francisco, CA. : Internet Archive, 2007. http://www.archive.org/details/TheU.s.PowerStructureAndTheMassMedia.

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Scovetta, Vincent. "The Impact of Leadership Social Power on Knowledge Management Success." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/298.

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Knowledge is said to be the actionable human quality gained from the capacity to derive mental insight from facts that have been placed in context, analyzed, and synthesized using references of past experience, mental comparison, and consideration of consequences. Knowledge, therefore, provides the key to understanding the world around us. Managing this knowledge can become a challenge for organizations that value the worth of the knowledge of its workers. Knowledge Management (KM) is the effective and accurate management of knowledge (acquisition, creation, storage, sharing, and use) used to promote and support organizational changes that enhance an organization's ability to effectively compete. This research was built on the foundational studies of others who provided empirical evidence of the constructs of KM success and Leadership Social Power (LSP). As many models of KM success have been identified and constructs empirically shown to have an impact on that success, the need for understanding the underlying influences on these constructs becomes increasingly important. This study investigated the constructs of LSP used by organizational leaders to influence KM workers to bring about KM success. This research revealed organizations wishing to secure, improved, or maintain KM success, should ensure their leaders: 1) are committed to KM, 2) encourage quality knowledge, and 3) promote knowledge use. With three fundamental goals in mind, it was empirically demonstrated that LSP was a factor of that success and was able to predict Leadership Commitment to KM, Knowledge Use, and Knowledge Content Quality. This research empirically demonstrated each of the LSP subconstructs influence the dimensions of KM success in different ways.

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Taka, Serhat. "Revolution Underway: Power Practices Of Mst And Ezln." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610228/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to show that MST and EZLN are non-hierarchical, participatory and democratic movements which aim to transform society and national systems without taking power. Their understanding of power is searched in their educational practises. These two movements try to create new alternatives that based on local issues and powers with also awareness of international and global factors. The clues of their understanding of power searched in their history and different resistances struggles.

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Lloyd, Rhiannon. "An institutional approach to understanding the green paradox of nuclear power." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58700/.

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This thesis proposes that the range of institutional logics provided by both Friedland and Alford (1991) and Thornton, Ocasio and Lounsbury (2012) has overlooked the inclusion of an environmental societal logic. The concept of an environmental logic is therefore developed and applied in order to understand how a ‘green paradox’ surrounding nuclear power emerged over the past sixty years of the UK civil nuclear energy programme. The research employs a Critical Realist ontology (Bhaskar 1975) and constructs a qualitative and historical case study of the nuclear power industry via the analysis of newspaper articles and Government policy documents. The findings show that the green nuclear debate was informed by four ‘situated’ manifestations of an environmental societal logic which informed the environmental values and expectations of different actor groups engaged in the debate. In particular, the thesis shows how a situated target-based environmental logic emerged within the energy industry as a result of embedded institutional work and eventually informed the arguments promoting green nuclear. These arguments remained in contention with those of the environmental movement who maintained that nuclear power was definitively not environmentally friendly. Additionally, the Critical Realist ontology provides a framework with which to explore levels of meaning and structure and thus offers a means to explain this ‘situated’ nature of institutional logics. This thesis contributes to existing institutional theory in three key ways: Firstly it proposes and illustrates the theoretical and analytical utility of an environmental institutional logic. Secondly it develops the concept of a situated logic and, in doing so, builds an improved understanding of the ways in which agency, institutional logics and the institutional structure of industries interconnect. Thirdly it demonstrates and explains how one societal logic may become situated in multiple and possibly contradictory ways depending on the actor groups in which it manifests.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individualism. Power (Social sciences)'

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