Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Individualisme'
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Fuentes, Pangtay Manuel Alejandro. "Qigong (氣功) e interculturalidad: práctica corporal y pensamiento chino en Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399843.
Full textThe central interest of this research is the study of qigong in the West, seen as a corporal practice, which originated in Central Asia and now circulates in the consumer market of alternative therapies. The current context of Spain, characterized by social, economic and political crises, has been key to understanding the process of re-signification and incorporation of some ideas and concepts of Chinese thought within the necessities of the qiqong practitioners’ reality. In the preliminary studies, three styles of qigong were identified – martial, spiritual, and health-focused. This investigation concentrated on a group in the process of becoming qigong monitors in Barcelona, oriented by the preventive health style sustained in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the project has been to comprehend the manner in which Westerners incorporate elements of Chinese thought that sustain East Asia’s corporal practices. The initial interest of the research was directed towards understanding the processes of signification and re-signification of cultural traces, codes of behavior, ideas, and the ways that the practitioners give different and particular meanings. In the second stage, the triangulation of the practitioners’ own experiences with the social, economic and political context was key in comprehending their interpretation, adaptation and appropriation process of this foreign discipline. Using qualitative methodology and ethnographic method, interviews were carried out, applying a guide with open questions. The fieldwork lasted three years; during the last two, participative observation propitiated the researcher to become integrated to the group of monitors whose practices were sustained firstly, in Spain and secondly, in the People's Republic of China. Regarding the results, data obtained in fieldwork was correlated with the first categories of the theoretical frame. In the organization and classification of the information, mental and cognitive levels of learning in the course forming qigong monitors were observed and verified. Through a second reading of the results, new categories emerged that were key to a more profound interpretation: although the focus of the qigong studied was oriented toward health, it was found that the practitioners did not escape the influence of New Age spirituality. Another finding was that in making sense of the practice, on an unconscious level, egoism, or the narcissistic individualism characteristic of capitalist and consumerist societies of modernity, prevailed. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that qigong in the West has been influenced by the New Age movement, exalting a spiritual alternative to the dogmas of Catholic thought. In the field of alternative therapies, the psychosomatic reinterpretation of the Oriental body accentuates the subjective values related to sentiments and emotions, in an attempt to overcome the Cartesian division of mind and body. The narcissistic individualism of Modernity has been definitional in the reinterpretation and re-signification of the original sense of qigong – experiences that contrast with and are counterposed to the collective values, ideas and concepts of Chinese thought. The exoticism and the orientalization of qigong on behalf of Western practitioners seem to resurge historically in situations of social, economic and political crises.
Sabolo, Fabrice. "L'amour à l'âge de l'individualisme." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0056.
Full textLove in the age of individualism - [Summary by Reverso] The relation of love lived within the couple and within the conjugality knew, under the development of the individualism, the deep changes. The individualism, the way of being to the world and to relate to the others, so led(inferred) new manners to live love. By leaving of a precise context - our rising millennium-, this thesis(theory) tries hard to clear(release) some of the big philosophic stakes affecting(touching) the affairs today, to propose then a detailed analysis of love and its report(relationship) to the person, and try there to answer questions that arise from now on
Díez, Xavier 1965. "L'anarquisme individualista a Espanya 1923-1938." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7833.
Full textA la part preliminar de la investigació es tracta d'acotar les bases epistemològiques del subjecte d'investigació. I en aquest sentit, es realitza un esforç per tractar d'arribar a una definició sobre l'anarquisme individualista. També s'analitzen els antecedents historiogràfics, es duu a terme un estat historiogràfic de la qüestió i s'exposen els criteris metodològics emprats.
La primera part de la investigació tracta d'analitzar, en capítols successius, els fonaments teòrics de l'individualisme anarquista, ressegueix i descriu els processos de penetració a l'estat espanyol i exposa i analitza la trajectòria de les principals vies de debat i difusió a l'entorn de la teoria individualsta. En el primer cas, l'autor es remunta als orígens ideològics, fonamentats en l'obra fundacional de L'Ego i la seva propietat, del filòsof bavarès Max Stirner. Posteriorment es comenta el substrat filosòfic individualista de procedència nord-americana, amb autors com Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren o Benjamin Tucker i es destaca la influència de l'individualisme d'arrel francesa, de finals de segle XIX, amb el rol jugat per anarcoindividualistes com Émile Armand o Han Ryner. En el següent capítol s'exposa l'absència d'un individualisme espanyol autòcton i la dependència ideològica dels corrents foranis, en especial del francès, donats els estrets contactes a banda i banda del Pirineu. També es planteja la qüestió de la diferent intensitat de la presència d'individualisme entre diferents sectors pertanyents al complex univers individualista. També es realitza una descripció de la trajectòria cronològica d'aquest corrent, remuntant-se des de finals del segle XIX, amb la irrupció de la filosofia de Nietzsche, fins a l'acabament de la guerra civil espanyola. El quart capítol enumera els diferents òrgans de propaganda des del qual s'expressa aquest pensament i es descriu breument les tendències individualistes de cadascun d'ells.
La segona part de la investigació analitza, en clau interna, el pensament individualista, a partir del seu material imprès i publicat. Així es descriuen els principis generals, els intens associacionistes, o es comenta el paper dels individualisme al llarg de la guerra civil. Posteriorment es comenten aspectes més concrets, com ara la filosofia educativa del moviment, la extraordinària importància que té la qüestió de l'amor lliure i l'emancipació sexual per als seus seguidors, i altres aspectes complementaris que tindran una extraordinària presència i importància en l'anarquisme individualista com serà l'annacionalisme, l'antimilitarisme i el naturisme.
Es conclou la tesi destacant les aportacions al panorama historiogràfic i a l'esforç realitzat pel seu autor per recuperar la memòria col·lectiva.
The present doctoral research aims to frame, describe and analize the ideological discurse of individualistic anarchism, one of the minoritary and also worset know of anarchism in Spain between 1923 and 1938 tendencies.
The preliminary section of the research we have tried to delimit the epistemological basis of the subject. To this effect, an effort has been made to try to come a definition of individualistic anarchism. As well as this the historiographic background are analized a historiographic estate of the question is carried out the metholical criteria are put forward.
The first part of the research this to analize, in firsts chapters, the theoretical foundations of anarchist individualism, it follows and describes the process of penetration into the Spanish state and put forward as well as analizes the cours of developement of the main means of divulging and debate around the individualistic theory. In the first case the author traces the ideological origins based on the work The Ego and his Own, by the Bavarian philosopher Max Stirner.
Folowing that, a comment is made on the individualistic bachground, with authors in the United States of America, with authors such as Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren or Benjamin Tucker, and also on the influence of French individualism from the end of XIXth century, emphasing the role played by individualistic anarchists such as Émile Armand and Han Ryner, as the main representatives of the movement in that country.
The folowing chapter explains the absence of a Spanish autochthonous individualism ant the ideological dependency of foreign corrents, especially those coming from France, given the narrow contacts on both sides of the Pyrinnes. The chapter deals also with the question of the variable intensity of the presence of individualisme among the different sectors/groups belonging to the complex individualistic universe.
The author also describes the cronological evolution on this corrent, from the last decades of the XIXth century -with the irrruption of Nietzsche philosophy- up to the end of the Spanish Civil War.
The fourth chapter numbers the different means of propaganda from which this ideology is expressed (and spread), and it provides a brief description of the particualr individualistic tendencies of each of them.
The second part of the research analyses, from within, the individualististic thinking, drawing the information from the existing written and published materials and sources. This, theri general principles are described as well as theri efforts to create assotiations and the role of individualistic anarchists throghout the Civil War.
Later the author draws the attention on more specific aspects such as the pedagogical principles of the movement, the extraordinary relevance given to the issue of free love and sexual emancipation and other aspects which cull also become of freat relevance fer the movement, such as anationalism, anti-militarism and naturism.
At the end of the reserarch the autor points up his contribution to the historiographical scene and the effort carried out to summon up our conllective memorie.
Soler, Alsina Lluís. "Jo S.A.: individualisme possessiu versus jo relacional en la modernitat líquida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670031.
Full textThis research aims the analysing and understanding, within the current context of a rising neoliberalism and the so called Liquid modernity, the configuration of a different view of the individual itself in which the notion of private property coexists with the rising of new different ways to have access to goods and services located on collaborative platforms. With the historical background of the close link between possession ―of land and property, but also of the very body itself― and legitimization of capitalism, it is intended to fully understand the currently given meanings and scope to the concepts of access, sharing or ownership as well as their role in the shaping of every own’s one-self. This research combines theoretical and conceptual contributions from several disciplines with the analysing of popular and professional literature on self-help, business management and marketing.
Gravelle, Émilie. "Relation entre l'attachement, la différenciation du soi et la triangulation dans la famille d'origine chez les femmes /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. [90]-99. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Udehn, Lars. "Methodological individualism : background, history and meaning /." London : Routledge, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39075830d.
Full textBarbé, Philippe. "W. S. Burroughs : individualisme, révolution et post-modernisme." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100128.
Full textThis dissertation presents a sociological reading of the literary works written by W. S. Burroughs between junky in 1953 and interzone in 1989 this burroughsian literature is useful because it perfectly conveys the tension between the remain s of a fragmented modernity which is still dominant and the more and more numerous hypothesis and references which insis t on postmodern aesthetic thought. First, we note in the burroughsian narrative the presence of socio-political and cultural themes directly descending from modern thought (the revolution, the refusal of the alienation of montind from t he power of the state and from the forces of rationalization). Secondly, we discover in the burroughsian works the paradoxal presence of themes which one called postmodern such as the dissolution of identities in ultra-individualism and the growing massification of societies as well as the end and the surpassing of politicsand history. While the postmodern and schizophrenic logic could put the individual into orbit out of the social world, the burroughsian literature shows us a possible way which could lead to a new and minimal postmodern sociality and individuality
Cyr, Caroline. "Relations entre la différenciation du soi, la triangulation intergénérationnelle et l'ajustement dyadique des femmes vivant la transition à la parentalité /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. [92]-109. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Madriaza, Pablo. "La révolte des individus : la nouvelle éthique contestataire des mouvements sociaux au Chili (2006-2012)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB226/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to analyse the role of the individual and the individualism in social movements in Chile, particularly during the last wave of mobilisations between 2006 and 2012. It tried to understand the rise of mobilizations in the country, despite the strong influence that individualism has had in Chilean society from the period of military dictatorship; and more specifically to answer the question: how to construct a contention movement from the individual? In order to achieve this goal, a comparative study which had two components was carried on. The first was a sociohistorical comparison in Santiago de Chile employing protest events analysis based on the quantification of media information and other sources of information, as well as information available from the field of social history, particularly the violent protest events that the historian Gabriel Salazar had analysed during the period from 1947 to 1987. The second component was the comparison of two social movements that were mobilized during the period under review: the secondary students movement and the LGBTQ movement. The analysis was further enhanced by interviews with activists of the movement of pobladores. On the basis of these elements, it can be concluded that during the period under study there is a repoliticization of individualism in the country and that this repolitisation has been an expression of a transformation of the contention values structure that place the individual at the heart of political action. This is the configuration of a master normative frame shared by several organizations
Este estudio ha tenido por objetivo analizar el papel del individuo y del individualismo al interior de los movimientos sociales en Chile, particularmente durante la última ola de movilizaciones que tuvo lugar entre los años 2006 y 2012. Se trató de comprender el aumento de las movilizaciones en el país a pesar de la fuerte influencia que el individualismo ha tenido en el seno de la sociedad chilena a partir de la dictadura; y particularmente de tratar de responder a la pregunta: ¿cómo construir una acción político- colectiva a partir del individuo? Para poder cumplir este objetivo se realizó un estudio comparativo de dos componentes. El primero fue una comparación socio-histórica de los eventos de protesta en Santiago de Chile, basada en la cuantificación de la información proveniente de medios de comunicación y de otras fuentes, así como en la información proveniente del campo de la historia social, particularmente los datos de hechos de violencia contestataria que el historiador Gabriel Salazar recolectó entre los años 1947 y 1987. El segundo componente fue la comparación de dos movimientos sociales que han estado activos durante el período de estudio: el movimiento de estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria y el movimiento LGBTQ. El análisis se benefició también de entrevistas realizados a activistas del movimiento de pobladores. A partir de estos elementos, es posible concluir que durante el período de estudio se ha producido una repolitización del individualismo en el país y que esta repolitización ha sido la expresión de la transformación de la estructura de valores al interior de estos grupos que ha situado al individuo en el centro de la acción política. Se trata de la configuración de un marco normativo maestro compartido por varias organizaciones
Arellano, Ortiz Pablo Andrés. "Universalisme et individualisme dans le droit chilien des retraites." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100179.
Full textSince the 1980s the Chilean pension scheme has drawn the attention of social security experts. The recent reform of 2008, which extended pension coverage, forced a rethink of the analysis of the Chilean model, from a different perspective. While the protection of old age risk is still realised on the basis of a single logic model based on contributory capacity, the compliance of the right to a pension with the principle of subjective universality must now be analyzed. The two components of the Chilean system should indeed be understood in order to assess their overall ability to cover the entire Chilean population. The first component includes a non contributory mechanism provided by the State, which responds to its international and constitutional obligations of protection of its population. The second component consists of mandatory and voluntary contributory mechanisms to enable people to obtain protection against the old age risk. With its new non-contributory mechanisms, the 2008 reform enhances the protection of the fundamental right to retirement, and through the corrections of the contributory mechanisms, extends the coverage of retirement’s contributory pensions. The subjective universality must therefore be found through the analysis of all the mechanisms of the pension system in Chile. It is indeed the complementarity of these two mechanisms which confers the right to pension its universal character. The retirement system has become a coherent whole, combining Universalism and Individualism to protect the entire population
Fiorentino, Marie-Pierre. "Individualisme et conventions dans le mythe de Don Juan." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10011.
Full textFrebert, Nicolas. "L’orientation culturelle comme facteur de déshumanisation : comparaison entre expression de valeurs individualistes et collectivistes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20053.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to test whether perceived humanness of an individual depends on the cultural values he expresses. Several studies in cross-cultural psychology identified individualistic values as the dominant values in France. Based on these data, we conducted a set of research studies to compare humanness attributions to a target person that expresses either individualistic or collectivist values. According to the ethnocentric hypothesis, the expression of collectivistic values should elicit fewer attributions of humanness than the expression of individualistic values. To test this hypothesis, several measures of humanness attributions were used. Three pre-tests were conducted to validate a francophone measure of Human Uniqueness and Human Nature via personality traits. Then, four experimental studies were set up to address the ethnocentric hypothesis. The data collected did not confirm the ethnocentric hypothesis and showed that the expression of individualistic and collectivistic values are each associated with specific aspects of human being. The results lead to a reflexion about the convergent validity of measures of humanness attributions and their ability to avoid being biased by positivity effects. The normative status of individualistic values is also discussed
Dubois, François. "L'Église des individus : un parcours théologique à travers l'individualisme contemporain /." Genève : Paris : Labor et Fides ; diff. Sofédis, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392550397.
Full textBrun, Agathe. "L'émergence de l'individualisme et le questionnement de la vérité dans la littérature victorienne, 1830-1900 : crise du moi, crise de la vérité." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941198.
Full textMaas, Adrianus Johannes Pieter. "Atomisme en individualisme de Amsterdamse natuurkunde tussen 1877 en 1940 /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/57938.
Full textMaas, A. J. P. "Atomisme en individualisme : de Amsterdamse natuurkunde tussen 1877 en 1940 /." Hilversum : Verloren, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/355512149.pdf.
Full textValentin, Vincent. "Les conceptions néo-libérales du droit : fondements d'un individualisme radical." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020012.
Full textShiroya, Tamiyo. "La "spiritualité", une nouvelle forme rhizomique de religiosité : étude comparative s'appuyant sur des festivals de spiritualité au Japon, en France et aux Pays-Bas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0419.
Full textThe decline or even disappearance of religion in modern societies is extensively discussed in the field of social sciences and in particular in the world of sociology of religion during the second half of the 20th century.Questioning this view, this thesis aims to account for a new form of religiosity, spirituality, which tends to develop on a worldwide scale, especially in advanced industrial societies, since the late 20th century, penetrating various spheres of social life: leisure, health, nutrition, education, economy, politics, etc.The goal is to provide an overview of this phenomenon, which has been unfolding outside institutionalized religious frameworks, mainly through an individual approach, focusing on links with socio-cultural factors and with traditional religions in three selected societies: Japanese, French, and Dutch. Furthermore, this study is interested in the relationship of this "invisible religion" with the civil society and in its potentialities as a source of multiple commitments.This research is based on fieldwork conducted in festivals dedicated to spirituality, a central expression of spirituality, which this work attempts to assess through qualitative methods: interviews and participant observation are the main approaches. This research makes us understand that spirituality, although globalized, is nuanced and declined nevertheless locally under the influence of political and societal contexts
N'Diaye, Oumar. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des courbes de prix de l'offre et de prix de la demande globales." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0002.
Full text[. . . ] Since the principle of effective demand is cornerstone of the General Theory, supply and demand aggregate price curves must be derivated and explained at the macroeconomic level. They are the underlying foundation of macroeconomic equilibrium. It is indeed true that Keynes never endeavoured to draw those curves. Post-keynesians like S. Weintraub and P. Davidson tried therefore to use a microeconomic approach to explain the supply and price curves. Their approach is not germane to what Keynes had in mind. This Ph. Thesis uses a method, which fits the two meaning of the supply and demand price cuves. Its cornerstone is the introduction of a macroeconomic production function. [. . . ]
Cluzelaud, André. "Individualisme et utilitarisme dans la pensée anglaise : la naissance d'une philosophie économique." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100097.
Full textAl-Goberi, Shaimaa Abedalkeder. "Domination sociale et émancipation individuelle dans l’œuvre de Gide." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0041.
Full textThe question of the individual emancipation is present in the work of Gide as of its literary beginnings. Bound on a tour of its typical case, which founds its singularity, this question is initially asked by Gide on the moral level. Gradually, moral criticism leads to a social criticism, Gidian work outlining a reflection on the forms and the challenges of the social domination exerted as well on the foreign bodies in the company as on other social groups. The thesis is focused thus more precisely on the representation of the Arabs in works like the Immoralist one or, later, If the grain does not die; the representation of the foreign bodies and their place in the company; the representation of the woman, perceived finally by Gide as blocked in its development by the rules and the values of the middle-class company
Niculescu, Mira. "Les juifs bouddhistes. Individualisme, bricolage et frontières dans la globalisation religieuse." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH184.
Full textIn the wake of the introduction of Buddhism in the West in the XXth century, as sudden as successful, a new hyphenated religious posture has emerged: the “Jewish Buddhists”. In the current context of religious individualism and globalization, this constellation of individual stances claiming to be both Jewish and Buddhist is one of the creative outcomes of the emergence of a Western Buddhism. Mostly known in the states under the label “jubu”, where an estimate of 6 to 30% of the Western Buddhist practitioners would be of Jewish descent, the phenomenon of Jews in Buddhism is however a global phenomenon. How does it play in France and in England, two other essential loci of the Jewish diaspora and of Western Buddhism? How to account for the success of Buddhism in Israel today? Why do Jews become Buddhists, and how do they articulate this choice with their Jewish identity?The phenomenon of the Jewish Buddhists, mostly known as a post-Shoah phenomenon, is first and foremost a product of the post-Enlightenment Jewish Ashkenazi modernity. In this research, combining a sociology of the reception of Buddhism and of individual religious trajectories based on interviews and life-narrative analysis collected via a multisite longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2008 and 2018 between the United States, England, France and Israel, I will attempt to offer a comparative, diachronic panorama of the phenomenon of the Jewish Buddhists, aiming at shedding light on its global tendencies, its local specificities, and its evolution, from the Counter-Culture of the sixties till today.Because it rejects the term « conversion » and expresses itself under the shape of bricolages of identity and belief, the posture of Jewish Buddhist highlights the connections between religious individualism and the group, and calls for rethinking the concept of syncretism in the context of the contemporary religious globalization
Issa, Mamadel Bassirou. "Motivation, comportements antisociaux au travail et implication dans le travail : études dans le contexte de l'industrie minière au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21815.
Full textMotivation and work commitment play a major role in human resources strategy and policy in any workplace. They help in maximising individuals’ contributions to an organisation and so improve its success. The following inter-cultural study, carried out on a mining firm in Niger, asks examines the effects of an individualist or collectivist culture on worker motivation and on the consequences of anti-social behaviour within the workplace (CAAT). Based on pre-existing and exploratory research, the following hypothesises were made. There is in Niger a collectivist culture, with the favouring of extrinsic motivation, falling motivation, leading to a de-motivation and a reduction in work commitment provoked by CAAT. The methodology used observations and interviews followed by the completion of a questionnaire by a diverse sample of 350 people including executives and non-executives of a mining company, produced results that were both in agreement and disagreement with the theoretical hypotheses. The population is shown to be collectivist, but contrary to the literature is more intrinsically motivated and does not favour socially extrinsic motivation. The various effects of CAAT- degradation and/or theft of the organisation’s property, non-respect of rules and procedures, physical and psychological aggression towards individuals within the workplace constrains imposed by the organisation on workers- are signs of a de-motivation but also a reduction of work commitment that takes different forms depending on the cultural context and status of employees
Rakotomalala, Olivier Tantelinirina. "L'efficacité des modes de communication d'un changement organisationnel selon divers paramètres culturels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2830.
Full textVersailles, David. "Apprentissage, organisations et individualisme. Perspectives issues de la théorie de la connaissance." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360801.
Full textGün, Ozgür. "L'introduction de l'hypothèse d'altruisme dans la théorie économique contemporaine : causes, modalités et conséquences." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010003.
Full textVadrot, Corinne. "L'individu autonome créateur du social pour une application de l'individualisme positif." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100026.
Full textThis thesis is a theoric pleads for "positive individualism" which goes against the "negative" point of view of contemporary individualism. This argument upon contemporary individualism emphasize the potentialities of self-government and responsibility which lie hidden within. This approach express itself in a logical way in two parts: the first part of the thesis is devoted to ground philosophically the "positive individualism" concept owing to a both analysis of the settling of the "self-process in the collectivity" and of the historical process of self0reliance of the human society. From this twofold process, we can describe a self-reliance and answerable figure before his own destiny and a maker of the social order. The second part investigates the applications of "positive individualism" in the economic and politic fields. Convergences exist between the advanced ideas in recent economic field and the notion of "positive individualism". On the politic scope, this thesis try to answer to the democracy shortage of our days and to the mediators crisis, by the description of a new citizenship, more active based on an lighter sense of self-reliance and individual responsibility. The uncertainty of the actual democracy and particularly of the representativeness are parse by yearning for individual judgment. On account to this concept of "positive individualism", we can give an optimistic glance of the nowadays society (enlarged to economic and politic)
Broda, Philippe. "Marché et institutions chez les institutionnalistes américains : le cas de Veblen et de Commons." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010069.
Full textInstitutionalism constitutes a protest against theories called orthodox which are focused on market mechanisms. As its name shows, it intends to ascribe to institutions a place no less important in the analysis of economic phenomena. Nevertheless, in order to do that, it uses various ways. Veblen puts an emphasis on anthropology. In his approach, are opposed industrial and pecuniary institutions. In this holistic perspective, competition between individuals following the rules of market hinders technological progress that comes under solidarity in the community. According to commons, on the contrary, there is no incompatibility between individual and collective interests. His point of view is founded on law and his methodology is partly individualistic. In this configuration, institutions support the market. And this is supposed to ensure social progress
Bracaletti, Stefano. "Individualisme méthodologique, explication fonctionnelle et théorie des jeux dans le marxisme analytique anglosaxon." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0101.
Full textThis work sets out to analyse the theoretical propositions of some authors known as "analytical marxism". J. Elster tries to read Marx's texts through the opposition between functional explanation and methodological individualism. J. Roemer defines two theories of exploitation both based on the concept of methodological individualism. Both Elster and Roemer think that game theory is very important to analyse the concepts of class interest, class consciousness exploitation and collective action not teleologically. Finally J. Cohen tries to recread rigourously the fundamental concepts of historical materialism basing on the principles of anglosaxon analytical philosophy
Lavoie, Alexandre. "Coopération, compétition et individualisme : la communication et son effet sur la performance collective." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2074/1/030259800.pdf.
Full textNattiez, Laura. "Le processus de conquête de l'individualisme : les femmes espagnoles dans le passage de la première à la seconde modernité." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H022.
Full textHow and to what extent have Spanish Women born in the thirties and fifties been able to conquer their right to individualism? Such is the subject of this doctoral thesis. The women we are interested in have lived through what “Advanced Modernity” Sociologists call the passage from the First to the Second Modernity, a social and historical change that allowed women to gain the right to individualism and, at least in a legal sense, recognition of gender equality. We respond to our initial question through a corpus of original comprehensive interviews with women from different regions of Spain. Initially, our study explores these women’s youths, using the image of “Francoist gynoecium” to approach feminine confinement in their private realm, space in which they contribute to the production of wealth, get an education, gain self control and support each other. Our research will then explore the different attitudes of two generations of women in regards to their individualism development. From the diversity of theses experiences, we offer a typology of paths chosen in the face of social change. Thereby, we identify a larger movement of progressive Second Modernity appropriation and two minority groups: women who have always enjoyed the right to individualism and others still responding to dependence constraints and female heteronomy. Supporting our study on the socio-demographic characteristics of each interviewee, as well as the role of their environment, we analyze the factors favoring the modification of the Self towards Second Modernity. Our research has led us to study the impact of individualism on our subjects’ every day lives and why, despite the hardships entailed, they “chose” to adopt this social model
Moriaux, Lysiane. "La sensibilite reactive de l'individualiste : une sensibilite reactive qui se determine par reaction contre la realite sociale." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1314.
Full textPacht, Irma. "Les liens d'amitié dans la société contemporaine." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H012.
Full textThis thesis studies friendship relations and relate their transformation to the characteristics ofthe contemporary individual. This individual values autonomy and hence elective choices ; his/her identity is multifaceted and s/he lives in an increasingly insecure environment. We first show that friendship is valued inasmuch as it is an elective choice and is shaped by strong social norms. Second, the multifaceted identity leads to the decline of the model of the unique, unalterable friendship in favour of relationships that involve only part of one’s personal identity, sometimes only in a temporary fashion. Aside from actual friendships, a friendly feeling tends to be attached, albeit possibly in a very light form, to any interpersonal relationship. Representations evolved more slowly than actual practices. Finally, friends contribute to one’s affective security and bring about recognition. However, it is only a palliative for lack ofother social or affective recognition
Cueillens, Charles. "Normes d'internalité et d'individualisme dans les conduites sociales d'évaluation." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR21011.
Full textChen, Fei. "Essai sur l'articulation des sources du droit dans l'approche du droit de propriété." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010328.
Full textThe property law is the foundation of Western social system both at the legal level and at the ideological level. However, the veneration of this category of law implies the existence of binary theories creating permanent competition (if not using the word "confrontation") : Private-public, individualism-collectivism, me-others... Thus, it is difficult to understand the existence of a Sinitic thought in which the concept of property is lacking. That is why when the regulation of law become a carrier of the rules of the rite, while the purpose of the law is no longer the pursuit of justice but of harmony, another way of thinking has therefore appeared. This way of thinking, long neglected by theorists, nevertheless attracts more and more attention today : But what does it consist of ? What effects it could give to the property rights ? Is it possible to articulate with binary thinking in the legal field ? This thesis attempts to address these issues in the approach of comparative law
Yasin, Hina Mahboob. "Employee behavior as an image of CSR : analysing through the lens of individualism - collectivism." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1085.
Full textAges ago, religion was an entity which was deemed as influentially powerful. Slowly and gradually, governments became the entities even with greater power to influence the circumstances. And now, some big corporations have taken over that power (Cohen, 1988) . Nevertheless, when power comes, along lingers responsibility. Research shows that businesses which do not handle their power in socially responsible manner, the society deprives it of that power (Davis, 1973). For this reason, CEO's now make intelligent use of their resources in order to be productive as well as socially responsible, in short they exhibit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR is such a powerful phenomenon which enables an employee to derive his/her social identity by identifying with the firm. Employees view their self as a depiction of their firm, when their firm behaves in a socially responsible manner. This resulting identification tends to generate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A need resides to conduct an deep study of employee behavior influenced by CSR while considering the individualist or collectivist psychological approach of the employee. This research plays its role in configuring the resulting behavioral patterns generated from the considerate behavior of the firm. We bring forward an optimal model, which is empirically tested. The findings support this research suggesting firms to cleverly utilize its operational activities to meet a broader range of needs
Lieutaud, Henri. "La voie de l'individuation dans les derniers romans de Charles Dickens." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39018.
Full textIn great expectations and our mutual friend, the great majority of the characters who surround the hero represent, first and formost, a certain number of conscious and unconscious aspects of the latter's personality. The evolution of those characters in relation to the hero symbolises the various stages of the hero's inner evolution, what c. G. Jung has called the "individuation process". By identifying the peripheral characters to the jungian categories of persona, shadow, anima and self, one can reconstruct the whole complexity of the individuation process. Through a detailed study of the symbolism of both images and actions, this type of analysis shows that the individuation process miscarries in the case of pip, the hero of great expectations, but is successful, thanks to the "integratio" of the unconscious contents, in the case of eugene wrayburn, the main hero of our mutual friend
Couppey, Auréliane. "Victimes en tant qu'hommes ? : la construction victimaire des hommes qui dénoncent des violences au sein du couple." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0112.
Full textBy considering the condition of victimhood as the result of a collective process, this thesis aims to reveal how the interviewed men "become" victims of intimate partner violence. Indeed, at a time when intimate partner violence has been publicized and a time where there is a predominant feminist framing that places these violences within the broader issue of violence against women, how does a man in a relationship (or who has been in a relationship) with a woman come to see himself as a victim of intimate partner violence, to identify his partner or ex-partner as the perpetrator of this violence, and to seek recognition as a victim? Even when this man committed acts of violence and was convicted for it? To understand this, through interviews conducted with fifty-four men who contacted non-profit organizations helping male victims (Help Abused Men and Let's Help Abused Men), we studied how the respondents perceive themselves, how they view the condition of being a victim, the violence they have suffered and perpetrated. What does it mean to endure violence? Does feeling suffering equate to having experienced acts of violence? By delving into the details of how the interviewees came to be aware that they were being subjected to various violent acts, and how they established causal links, we were able to observe the emergence of the loss suffered and the central role of third parties to whom men turn for support and advice. We also analyzed the production of the perpetrators. Firstly, the ex-partner, often pathologized, characterized as deviant, and guilty of having a voracious intent to harm, which led us to reflect on the contemporary dynamics of accountability. We deepened our reflection by focusing our attention on the other perpetrator, the State, through the judiciary paths of the interviewees. Whether they have initiated legal proceedings or have been accused of violence, the men interviewed denounce a biased state treatment which favors women and they believe they are experiencing forms of violence from the State. The State, which ordinarily has political responsibility, comes to be seen as having a causal responsibility. By generalizing, the men interviewed come to denounce a gendered power relationship in which they are the "new" dominated group. The development of a conservative style of thought, in its masculinist variation, comes with the denunciation of contemporary feminist movements and struggles, and a call for a return to a society perceived as fairer. This masculinist discourse results in the formation of a category of men who are victims of women, the State, and feminist movements. This influences who can become a victim: women are constantly suspected of having provoked their partner and being responsible for the violence they endure. From then on, all men, including those who have committed deadly violence, can become victims of their partner or ex-partner. However, the development of this conservative thought clashes with the egalitarian individualism that prevails in contemporary society. The interviewees oscillate at various moments between conservative and individualistic forms of victimization and accountability, and cannot completely part with the reference to gender equality, even when they come to criticize it
Auffray-Seguette, Marie. "Les biens de ce monde : l'économie vue comme espace de recomposition de la religion dans la modernité." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0137.
Full textThe general goal is to identify, in modernity, the recomposition of religious universals. The observation relates to the economic sphere. The approach follows Max Weber's "disenchantment of the world" theory. But contrary to this theory, which presented capitalist economy as the end of religion, here the capitalist economy is seen as a space for religious recomposition. Religion is understood here as a way to establish social order upon a process of objectivation, which in turn would be based on an illusion of heterodetermination. This thesis intends to show that the recomposition of modem religion takes place along the same dynamics that are supposed to originate religious decline. These dynamics - the rationalisation movement, the autonomization of values and the rise of individualism-are successively considered as heirs of religious principles which turn the secularization movement against itself
Akoun, André. "L'illusion sociale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H040.
Full textHow within the political space created by the "revolution of individualism" and against it, the illusion of a social subject mastering its history, is built up, and how this illusion organizes the space of revolutionary parties. The point of this dissertation is to follow and elucidate the road which-when considering the history of ideas- goes from the invention of politics as an autonomous realm, with the individual as a free subject as its sole founding ground, to the construction of new discourses which, through the mediation of history, restore to society the imaginary coalescence which the revolution of individualism had dissolved. Our hypotheses are the very ones which can be found in Freud’s works, a reference which prompted us to think the relationship of man with himself and the world from the point of view of the drive for death; a reference which also prompted us to measure the effects resulting from the divorce between law and the sacred since man is now taken as the origin of the significations the opacity of which he is caught
Dimbath, Oliver. "Entscheidungen in der individualisierten Gesellschaft : eine empirische Untersuchung zur Berufswahl in der fortgeschrittenen Moderne /." Wiesbaden : Westdeutscher Verlag, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39094848n.
Full textSalvadero, Jérémie. "Symptôme et discours : Recherche sur le lien social et les conditions de possibilités de l’acte analytique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3118.
Full textSince Freud’s work on the malaise in culture and collective psychology, psychoanalysts have been questioning what “holds subjects together”, the social link. The political and social sceneries of modernity, stemming from the advent of the capitalist discourse, leads to wonder : with which concepts, from which standpoint and with which ethical stance psychoanalysts can question the social link ? This research examines the specificity of the notion in the conceptual and practical framework of the psychoanalytic discourse. It opens with a questioning of the conditions of possibility of the analytic act. It unfolds around a reflection on the Real, Symbolic and Imaginary determinism of the subjective aspects, attempting to estimate as best as possible what influences the subject and what falls into their own response to the structure, the symptom. An exploration of the theory and phenomenology of love, melancholy and distress serves as a reference point to investigate failures and resumptions of the relationship to the Other. Proposals are made with regards to a “thought of modernity”: the anthropological condition of the individual and the uncondition of the subject; the rejection of castration in the discourse of capitalism; the ideology of “the decline of the Father”; the failures in the construction of the symptom and the pathologies of distress. The author maintains that it is important to conceive what psychoanalysis has to say within the social link rather than about the social link. This approach would allow situating the psychoanalytic discourse within modernity, far from theories of decline and closer to an inviting access to the unprecedented
Sadeghian, Saeed. "La « fiction biographique » : une étude comparée en contexte français et iranien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100083.
Full textBiographical writing is presented as one of the major practices of contemporary French literature. A practice interpreted as a reappearance aiming to correlate the revival of individualism and the contamination of the present regime of historicity with an obsession of the past. One of the multiple forms of contemporary life writing is « biographical fiction » which links the authors in their desire to restore the life of the Other past within texts indicated by their reluctance in respect with the codes of the standard biography. Far from this rich landscape in expressions, biography could not easily be expressed in contemporary Persian literature. This difference arises the question of knowing the reasons which distinguish the fate of the biographical genre in the French and Iranian contexts. To outline some elements of the answers, this thesis proposes both a contextual historical study and an intercontextual sociological comparison: the first draws up a table of biographical expressions forms in Persian literature to draw a line of evolution; the second provides the opportunity to bring together two social contexts and two literary systems, to talk about the elements that support or hinder the biographical production beyond the auctorial ambition. However, a textual analysis is in charge of highlighting this auctorial ambition through the vehicle that each author takes to respond to the generic challenges of biographical writing in the romantic regime
De, Noncourt Frédéric. "Individualisme, État et marché, aux sources philosophiques de l'essor et de la crise de l'État-providence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25554.pdf.
Full textFurlanetto, Rémi. "« Les Mémoires d'un Moi ». Égotisme et écritures de soi dans l'œuvre de Paul Valéry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL063.
Full textWhile Valéry was radically critical of self-writing, notably in his “Stendhal”, he multiplied autobiographical practices in an essentially fragmentary form. Our study aims not only to define this personal corpus, based on an exploration of his public and private works as a whole, but also to account for this paradox using the notion of egotism, which the writer inherited from the Symbolist era. Imported into French language by Stendhal to designate the exaggerated use of the first person, the term was redefined at the end of the 19th century by Barrès as a “proud and vivid sense of self”. By taking this dual aspect into account, our aim is to show that, on the one hand, Valéry was tempted to give a radical form to this egotistic sensibility, in continuity with the individualist effervescence of the end of the century, and that, on the other hand, self-writing is both an inseparable and problematic component of this affirmation of the “Moi”. Through this egotistic Valéry, a relationship to self-writing emerges that is not only ambiguous and often indirect, but also original, in its rejection of the confessional model and the primary place given to the representation of the self as the self
Perron, Ève-Lyne. "Poussière d'étamines : Étude et réflexions sur l'ontologie sociale de Novalis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30361.
Full textCanella, Murilo. "A influência de Georg Simmel no pensamento social de Ulrich Beck : pela compreensão do conflito no individualismo e nos processos de individualização /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137944.
Full textBanca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello
Banca: Michel Nicolau Netto
Resumo: Este trabalho intenta demonstrar a influência contemporânea do pensamento de Georg Simmel na perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. Como eixo de estruturação da temática nos moldes do presente estudo, bem como um eixo estruturante presente na obra de Simmel e de Beck, optou-se pelo conceito de individualismo e os processos de individualização dele decorrentes. Essa delimitação - visto que a teoria de ambos autores é vasta e abrange um domínio diverso de objetos - é tanto uma forma de estruturar, dentro da argumentação do estudo, um ponto comum na teoria de ambos autores, como também uma forma de contextualizar dois momentos distintos da modernidade, caracterizados por conflitos que, ao migrarem para outra arena histórica, no caso, da primeira para a segunda modernidade, determinam de forma conflituosa a gramática social. Como metodologia, adotam-se as proposições teóricas da sociologia do conhecimento, bem como da sociologia compreensiva, além do método relacional de Simmel, também presente em Beck, na busca da compreensão de dois momentos distintos da modernidade que guardam um nexo íntimo. Compreender o individualismo e os processos de individualização significa, na perspectiva de Simmel e de Beck, compreender uma forma social que, pela dupla condição de ente autodeterminado concomitantemente à sua inserção em cadeias de dependência social, torna-se um foco do conflito, pois a forma social do indivíduo encerra-se na dependência e na intersecção de círculos sociais cada vez mais vastos, nos quais o indivíduo, pela coerção de uma cultura objetiva que se expande em uma lógica autorreferencial, torna-se historicamente debilitado
Resumen: Este trabajo intenta demostrar la influencia contemporánea del pensamiento de Georg Simmel en la perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. En cuanto eje de la estructuración del tema en los moldes del presente estudio, así como un eje estructural presente en la obra de Simmel y de Beck, se ha optado por el concepto de individualismo e los procesos de individualización de ello decurrente. Esa delimitación - haja visto que la teoria de ambos es vasta y abarca un sinnúmero de objetos - es tanto una forma de estructurar, en la argumentación del estudio, un comum punto en la teoria de ambos autores, como también una forma de contextuar dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, caracterizados, por su vez, por los conflictos que, al emigrar a otro escenaio histórico, en el caso, de la primera a la segunda modernidad, determinam de forma conflictuosa a la gramática social. La metodología sigue las proposiciones teóricas de la sociologia del conocimiento, así como las de la sociología comprensiva, más allá del metodo relacional de Simmel, también presente en Beck, en la búsqueda de la comprensión de dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, a la vez con um cercano nexo. Comprender lo individualismo y los procesos de individualización significa, en la perspectiva de Simmel y de Beck, comprender una forma social que, por su doble condición de ente autocentrado concomitantemente a su inserción en las cadenas de dependencia sociales, tornase un foco del conflicto, pues la forma social del individuo encerrase en la dependencia y en la intersección de los círculos sociales a la vez más vastos, en los cuales el individuo, por la coerción de una cultura objetiva que se expande en una lógica de autorreferencialidad, resulta históricamente débil
Mestre
Drouet, Dominique. "Alain jouffroy, mouvements surréalistes et ostinato lyrique : un demi-siècle de poésie vécue (1958-2007)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2044.
Full textAlain Jouffroy (1928-2015) started writing poetry in 1948 when encouraged by his encounter with André Breton and his short-termed adherence to the surrealist movement. As he soon found himself excluded from the latter, he experienced and developed mistrust in cliquishness whatsoever and absolute trust in language and its ability to express the innumerable ways a free man can be in the world. It did not take him long to diversify his writing practice, and so he published collections of poems, essays and many critical articles on avant-gardist artists. Like a Jack-of-all-trades, Jouffroy wrote his way through the aesthetic and political movements of the Parisian intellectual sphere, from the fifties to the nineties. As the founder member of the Opus international journal and the director of the XXe siècle one, he was well positioned to insatiably observe the stir of the French society, that is, the restructuration following the Liberation, the disappointed revolutionary hopes of May 68 and the galloping commodification of artistic creation. Bearing witness to the unstoppable rise of the spectacle society, he supported artists who had difficulties in finding their own places – at least at the beginning of their careers: Poster Artists, Objectors, New Realists… – as well as overshadowed poets such as Stanislas Rodanski and Jean-Pierre Duprey. He was interested in all those who, like himself, had appropriated the margins. At the same time, he would converse with major figures like Aragon, Michaux and Sollers. His curiosity for the elsewhere and his numerous travels made his viewpoint more accurate. He promoted the Surrealist painters from both South America and Eastern Europe, and the Beat poets as well as those from the Middle East. At the same time, depending on either his breaking or being reconciled with André Breton, he claimed to be the heir of the latter or the champion of a Surrealism that was still alive and kicking thanks to its been thought of as an ethics of receptivity. When he was the cultural counsellor for the French Embassy in Tokyo, from 1982 to 1985, he perfected his knowledge of Zen Buddhism and experienced a painful linguistic estrangement. Back to France in a grim climate when the media claimed the death of poetry, he made small-sized sculptures from objects he had come across with, which he termed ‘assemblages,’ ‘collages’ or ‘posages’ – a way to possibly answer the silence that surrounded his own artistic creation, badly circulated until the publication of the anthologies entitled C’est aujourd’hui toujours and C’est partout ici, and his collection of poems Vies in the late nineties. His poetic work, far from being a place of withdrawal from his cultural, social and sentimental life, particularly rich and eventful, condenses his trajectory: the twenty or so collections published between 1958 and 2007 offer an echo chamber to his crossing of the half-century, while presenting the variegated positions and poetics born from circumstances and renewed confrontations between two complex entities, that of Alain Jouffroy the man and that of the world around him. This is why his poetic writing reflects all the different currents and trends emerging from the still-unresolved question of the relation between the writing consciousness and the written text. All his work presents us with polymorphous poetry, that is, at the same time including the original pervasiveness of pictures inherited from Surrealism, the return to love lyricism under the influence of biographical material, the angry voices inspired from the tormented Beat souls, the detour via the screen picture in the New Wave period, the temporary vanishing of the subject required to disappear in the Structuralist era and the return of this same subject continuously remaining the object of poems. In spite of formal variations and thundering contradictions, the “I” does remain the motive of writing. .
Delisle, Sara. "La voie de l’intériorité responsable : un vécu spirituel contemporain lié à la quête de santé." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5977.
Full textTruong, Olivier Quang-Tri. "L' entrepreneuriat des Français d'origine étrangère : le cas des Français d'origine vietnamienne." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010013.
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