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Cramer, Matthew Howard. "Trust development and the influence of the individualist/collectivist paradigm." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23778.
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This research investigates the role that the individualist/collectivist dimension plays in the selection of the preferred method of building trust. Sixty five middle managers from a primary metal producer were analysed using two surveys. The individuals were classified as either individualists or collectivists and then asked to rate several statements regarding a preferred means of trust. The various means of developing trust were calculative, predictive, intentionality, capability and transference. The data collected should that only with calculative trust development did a clear preference exist between collectivists and individualists. The four remaining trust development processes were equally likely to be used by either group. The data also showed that neither race, nor language nor ethnic group could be used as a predictor of assignment to either cultural dimension. The selection of the sample population and the subsequent influence of organisation specific phenomenon were found to be highly influential on the selection of trust building process. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Hartung, Faye. "How individualist and collectivist organizational cultures influence work processes, outcomes, and cooperation." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000hartungf.pdf.
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Fang, Fang. "Culture and Family Life: Three Studies on Family and Marriage Relationships across Cultures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83771.
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This dissertation explores how family and marriage relationships vary according to the culture in which they occur. Based on the individualism/collectivism framework about cultural variations in familial beliefs across countries, I study three topics of family and marriage relationships across cultures. In the first study, I examine how 17 member countries of Organisation of Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD) differ culturally in older adults' preference for family elder care. I find that older adults from countries with more traditional values that emphasize the importance of a strong parent-child tie are more likely to prefer family care rather than formal care than those from more secular-rational countries with less emphasis on the parent-child tie; the cultural difference gets smaller at a higher level of individual family income. In the second study, I select China as a representative of the collectivist culture, and look into how the collectivist culture and older parents' filial beliefs shape the intergenerational relationship in China. I find that patrilocal and patrilineal traditions are still prevail in China. A highly cohesive intergenerational relationship people idealize in the collectivist culture is more common between older parents and married sons, and least common between older parents and married daughters. In the third study, I compare an individualist society, the U.S., and China, a collectivist society to test whether marriage also isolates people from their informal social network in China as observed in the U.S. I find that marriage does not isolate but integrates people into their informal social network in China, while marriage isolate people in the U.S. The three studies present new evidence on how marriage and family experiences differ due to different cultural beliefs about family, and under what conditions the cultural influences are weakened or reinforced.Ph. D.
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Sireer, Nafeesa. "The Development of Theory of Mind and Social Competence in Young Pakistani Children." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17195.
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Theory of mind (ToM) refers to a cognitive ability that enables one to attribute mental states (such as desires, emotions, beliefs) to self and others. In recent years researchers have identified cultural variations in the onset of ToM understanding in collectivist and individualist cultures. However, the findings of cross-cultural studies regarding these variations are inconsistent. The major aim of this innovative research was to investigate differences in the acquisition of ToM in children from a collectivist culture (Pakistan) and an individualist culture (UK). The second aim of the study was to assess the specific association between ToM and social competence in a culturally diverse sample. An additional aim of the study was to investigate the universality of various correlates of ToM such as executive functioning (EF), parenting styles, and maternal mental state talk. The findings of the studies demonstrated a significant delay in the acquisition of ToM in Pakistani children, when compared with Western children from individualist societies. These findings were corroborated by the results of novel cross-cultural study that compared the performance of White British, British Pakistani, and Pakistani children on a ToM scale. White British children outperformed both Pakistani and British Pakistani children on measures of ToM, EF, and social competence. The current findings also provide support for the association of mental state understanding with EF, social competence, parenting styles, and maternal mental state talk. These findings have important implications for the role of general (collectivist vs. individualist cultures) as well as specific cultural practices (such as parenting and education) in the acquisition of mental state understanding.
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Fairbrother, Dana. "Differential prediction of life satisfaction in individualistic and collectivistic cultures towards integration of personality and cultural models /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/d_fairbrother_042210.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in counseling psychology)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 29, 2010). "Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).
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Hook, Joshua N. "Forgiveness, Individualism, and Collectivism." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1451.
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Veronica, Felstad. "Cultural Differences, Social Support and Therapy Outcomes: A Comparative Study Between Individualist and Collectivist Cultures." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1583935979670494.
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Knutson, Ruth. "Discipling individuals in collectivist cultures a healthy biblical tension /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Yasin, Hina Mahboob. "Employee behavior as an image of CSR : analysing through the lens of individualism - collectivism." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1085.
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Durant des siècles, la religion a été considérée comme une entité extrêmement influente. Lentement et progressivement, les gouvernements ont pris la relève et gagné en puissance. De nos jours, quelques grandes entreprises prennent le relais (Cohen, 1988). Cependant, la recherche montre que les entreprises qui ne gèrent pas leur pouvoir de manière socialement responsable sont sanctionnées par la société (Davis, 1973). Pour cette raison, les PDG sont amenés à faire un usage intelligent et productif de leurs ressources, par le biais de la responsabilité sociale. La RSE est un phénomène important par le moyen duquel les employés acquièrent, par identification à l'entreprise, une identité sociale. Cette identification génère elle-même des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (OCB). Il est nécessaire de procéder à une étude approfondie de ces comportements influencés par la RSE, en tenant compte de l'approche psychologique individualiste ou collectiviste de l'employé. Nous présentons ici un modèle optimal, testé empiriquement. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent aux entreprises d'utiliser intelligemment leurs activités opérationnelles pour répondre à un large éventail de besoinsAges ago, religion was an entity which was deemed as influentially powerful. Slowly and gradually, governments became the entities even with greater power to influence the circumstances. And now, some big corporations have taken over that power (Cohen, 1988) . Nevertheless, when power comes, along lingers responsibility. Research shows that businesses which do not handle their power in socially responsible manner, the society deprives it of that power (Davis, 1973). For this reason, CEO's now make intelligent use of their resources in order to be productive as well as socially responsible, in short they exhibit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR is such a powerful phenomenon which enables an employee to derive his/her social identity by identifying with the firm. Employees view their self as a depiction of their firm, when their firm behaves in a socially responsible manner. This resulting identification tends to generate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A need resides to conduct an deep study of employee behavior influenced by CSR while considering the individualist or collectivist psychological approach of the employee. This research plays its role in configuring the resulting behavioral patterns generated from the considerate behavior of the firm. We bring forward an optimal model, which is empirically tested. The findings support this research suggesting firms to cleverly utilize its operational activities to meet a broader range of needs
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Kusdil, M. Ersin. "Value socialisation in cultural context : a study with British and Turkish families." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326931.
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Al-Shayee, Ahmad Kassab. "Psychological vulnerability markers of bipolar disorder across individualist and collectivist cultures." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654976.
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Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe psychological disorder charactrised by recurrent mood swings, and can be associated with harmful consequences. Psychological accounts of BD are now proposed despite the long-term domination of biological approaclies. Amongst these accounts are the Positive Appraisal (PA) and, the BAS dysregulation I hypoth~ses. IJ;l the former account, BD symptoms are likely to emerge as a result of attributing initial bipolar-relevant experiences such as elation to internal characteristics. In the latter account, symptomatology is seen to result from excessive activation or deactivation of a motivational system called 'Behavioural Activation System' (BAS). Empirical ~!Udies have..--yielded support for both theories. Given the recent advances in the psychological research into BD, it is currently needed to examine the relative contributions of the above-mentioned hypotheses simultaneously, and consider incorporating culture into this line of research to make it more generalisable. Studies reported in this thesis were designed to address these two issues. Using a behavioural index of risk for BD, high-risk and control groups were recruited from two broad cultural contexts, individualist and collectivist, and compared crOss-sectionally each on various psycho-social variables derived deliberately from the BAS and P A accounts. Across both cultural contexts, vulnerable individuals performed generally in line with expectations. Yet, the relative importance of individual variables appears to vary between the cultural groups. The tendency to make PAs was observed in high-risk subjects of both cultural groups. Interestingly, however, normalising appraisals were also apparent in the collectivist group, which could be seen as a cultural specificity. Also, cultural differences on the factorial structure of hypomanic symptoms and personality were emerged. A model involving components of BAS were tested. Results were generally in support of the assumed relationships between BAS variables. Research and clinical implications, limitations and suggested studies are provided.
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Nguyen, Tram, and Özden Aylin Cakanlar. "The influence of culture on impulse buying : A cross-cultural study on impulse buying." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53485.
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Background: Impulse buying is increasingly grown and it creates up to 80% of all purchases in certain low involvement product categories. In Sweden, a Swede can spend 20000SEK a year for impulse shopping in average. On the other hand, impulse buying is calculated to be strongly grown in the emerging markets such as Vietnam and Turkey. Due to the steady economic growth of 7% every year in Vietnam, it leads to a higher demand in shopping of the consumers. Similarly, Turkey’s economy is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and consequently leads to the increase of impulse buying behavior among the customers. Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to expand the understanding of the impulse buying behavior by looking further into the role of culture in cross-cultural contexts Hypothesis: H1-There is a significant relationship between individualism-collectivism and impulse buying behavior. H2- There is a significant relationship between power distance and impulse buying behavior. H3- There is a significant relationship between uncertainty-avoidance and impulse buying behavior H4- There is a significant relationship between masculinity-femininity and impulse buying behavior Methodology: Three focus groups and seven interviews are served as the pre-study and a cross-cultural questionnaire is substantially conducted across three countries: Sweden, Turkey and Vietnam. Findings: Culture generates certain effects on impulse buying behavior and the influence is diverse across these countries. However, the findings also indicate that there could be other factors that could affect impulse buying behavior.
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Fidalgo, Mariana Sofia Oliveira. "O efeito da cultura na divulgação das Key Audit Matters : evidência de clientes europeus de uma Big 4." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19151.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA partir da entrada em vigor do novo relatório de auditoria, tornou-se obrigatória a comunicação das Key Audit Matters (KAMs) para as auditorias das demonstrações financeiras para os períodos findos em ou após 15 de dezembro de 2016 de entidades de interesse público. Desta forma e tendo em conta que os fatores culturais podem influenciar os julgamentos e decisões dos auditores sobre a divulgação das KAMs, a presente dissertação investiga o possível efeito que a cultura do país de origem da empresa de auditoria tem na divulgação das KAMs no relatório de auditoria. Para realizar este estudo, obteve-se o número de KAMs através dos relatórios de auditoria do ano de 2017 de entidades de interesse público, todas elas cotadas, e auditadas pela Deloitte da Alemanha, Bélgica, Espanha, França, Holanda, Irlanda, Itália, Portugal, Reino Unido e Suécia. Além disso, obteve-se as pontuações para cada uma das duas dimensões culturais (Power Distance e Individualism versus Collectivism) de Hofstede atribuídas aos vários países, através da ferramenta de comparação de países de Hofstede Insights. Os resultados obtidos através do estudo demonstram que quanto mais um auditor reconhece e respeita a diferença de poder, menor é o número de KAMs que ele tende a divulgar no relatório de auditoria. Esta tendência para divulgar um menor número de KAMs também ocorre quanto mais um auditor tiver preferência pelo individualismo. Assim, o estudo demonstra que o efeito da cultura se sobrepõe à pertença da auditora a uma rede.
From the entry into force of the new audit report, the communication of the Key Audit Matters (KAMs) has become mandatory for the audits of financial statements for the periods ending on or after December 15, 2016 of public interest entities. Thus, and taking into account that cultural factors may influence the judgments and decisions of auditors on the disclosure of KAMs, this dissertation researches the possible effect that the culture of the country of origin of the audit firm has in the disclosure of KAMs in the audit report. In order to conduct this study, we obtained the number of KAMs using the 2017 audit report of public interest entities, all of them listed and audited by the German, Belgian, Spanish, French, Dutch, Irish, Italian, Portuguese, British and Sweden Deloitte. Moreover, we obtained the scores for each of the two cultural dimensions (Power Distance and Individualism versus Collectivism) by Hofstede assigned to the different countries, using the country comparison tool of Hofstede Insights. The results obtained in this study reveal that the more an auditor recognises and respects the difference in power, the smaller the number of KAMs that he intends to disclose in the audit report is. This tendency to disclose a smaller number of KAMs also occurs the more an auditor prefers individualism. Thus, the study shows that the effect of culture superimposes the fact that the audit company belongs to a network.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Stevenor, Brent A. "Culture Shift: Values of Generation X and Millennial Employees." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560502107953501.
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Ahn, Diana D. "Individualism and Collectivism in a Korean Population." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/107.
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Though much research has been conducted concerning the horizontal and vertical attributes of individualism and, not much has been done comparing and contrasting an Eastern culture, collectivism to a specific aspect of American culture, individualism, such as Korean American. The 32-item INDCOL scale was used to measure the 4 attributes (Singelis et al., 1995). Contrary to the proposed hypothesis, this study found high scores in horizontal individualism in Korean American participants and high scores in horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism in Korean participants. These results could indicate a shift towards a different attribute in the Korean and Korean American community.
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Fu, Yanyan. "CES-D measurement stability across individualistic and collectivistic cultures." Thesis, Western Carolina University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536638.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the cross-cultural and cross-time measurement invariance of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The research data that were collected in 1994-1995 and 1996 respectively were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). There were two steps that were used for analyzing the measurement invariance. First, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the dimension invariance (factor structure) for the Asian American and European American adolescents across two waves. Three-factor model was established for both groups across two waves. Second, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check the factor loading and threshold invariance of the items that were dimension invariant. The results showed that the 13-item three-factor CES-D was measurement invariant across the groups and across time. Nevertheless, new sample should be collected in order to implement the new 13 items as a depression screening method across groups.
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Muniz, Elizabeth Jimenez. "The Role of Cultural Values in Organizational Attraction." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3855.
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The United States' (U.S.) workforce is more diverse than in previous decades in terms of race, gender, and native language (Fay, 2001). Such demographic shifts have changed how organizations attract applicants and how they motivate, reward, and retain employees (McAdams, 2001). Furthermore, organizations benefit from diversity by: (a) attracting the best talent available in the workforce (Cox, 1993), (b) increasing their product marketability to customers (Deshpande, Hoyer, & Donthu, 1986; Redding, 1982), and (c) fostering creativity, innovation, problem solving, and decision making in employees (Thomas, 1999; Thomas, Ravlin, & Wallace, 1996; Watson, Kumar, & Michaelsen, 1993). Given such benefits, organizations should attend to initiatives that facilitate the attraction of applicants from diverse backgrounds. Research has demonstrated that applicants use information about human resource systems, such as rewards, to form judgments about the perceived fit between them and the organization (Bretz & Judge, 1994; Schneider, 1987). For instance, organizations with policies accommodating work and family issues attract applicants preferring such benefits. Because reward systems influence applicants' opinions about the relative attractiveness of organizations (Lawler, 2000), it is important to determine the factors that influence such preferences. Motivation theories, such as the Theory of Reasoned Action, suggest that preferences toward reward systems are guided by individuals' values (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Vroom, 1964). Such values, in turn, cause differences in reward preferences and organizational attraction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of individuals' cultural values to the attraction of organizations offering different kinds of reward systems. More specifically, it sought to test three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 predicted that there would be a two-way interaction between collectivism and the type of organization on organizational attraction. Hypothesis 2 predicted that there would be a two-way interaction between individualism and the type of organization on organizational attraction. Hypothesis 3 predicted that there would be a positive relation between collectivism and subjective norms used in organizational attraction. To test the three hypotheses, data from 228 participants were analyzed to evaluate their level of attractiveness to two different types of organizations (i.e., career-oriented vs. family-oriented). Findings for the test of Hypothesis 1 indicated that there was a joint effect between collectivism and the type of organization on organizational attraction. The slopes of the regression lines for each type of organization (i.e., family-oriented and career-oriented) differed as a function of collectivism. The slope of the regression line for the family-oriented organization was steeper than the slope of the regression line for the career-oriented organization. Results for the test of Hypothesis 2 indicated a joint effect between individualism and the type of organization on organizational attraction. The slopes of the regression lines for each type of organization (i.e., family-oriented and career-oriented) differed as a function of individualism. The slope of the regression line for the career-oriented organization was steeper than the slope of the regression line for the family-oriented organization. Findings for the test of Hypothesis 3 showed that collectivism was related to subjective norms. Results indicated that the more collective the individual, the higher the subjective norms. In addition, supplementary analysis showed that individualism was not related to subjective norms. Taken together, results from the tests of the three hypotheses support components of the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the premise that values are a factor related to an individual's attraction to a particular organization. The current study showed that the cross-cultural values of individualism and collectivism help predict organizational attraction. Based on these results, practical implications, contributions to theory, study limitations, and future research are discussed for designing organizational attraction strategies for a culturally diverse workforce.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Salash, Malvina. "Differences in Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Between Ukrainian and US College Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3720.
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Social support is associated with mental and physical health. It is important to consider culture in order to understand stress responses to everyday hassles and use of coping strategies. The current investigation hypothesized that (1) Ukrainian college students representative of a collectivistic culture would have lower levels of perceived stress than would US college students representative of a highly individualized culture, (2) Ukrainian college students would have evidence of greater social support compared to US college students, and (3) social support would mitigate differences in perceived stress between the two cultures. Based on 61 US participants recruited from Brigham Young University and 100 Ukrainian participants recruited from Sumy State University in Ukraine and using linear regression to predict college students perceived stress level from culture and MANOVA to investigate the differences in social support between two cultures, American and Ukrainian respondents scored similarly on measure of perceived stress. Moreover, American respondents reported using more social support for coping with stress than did Ukrainian respondents. These results challenge the hypothesis that collectivistic cultures use more coping strategies based on social support than do individualistic cultures and suggest that certain groups within an individualistic culture may cope with stress with social support.
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Kuchel, Suzanne. "Individualism and collectivism : a study of values and inferencing in psychotherapy." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36979.
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The field of psychotherapy is not objective. Like any social construction, it is a product of the values of the culture in which it was developed. The theories and principles that form the cornerstones of Western psychotherapy reflect a number of Western ideals and biases, one of which is individualism. As such, it is important that we examine the impact that such a bias can have on clinical judgment, particularly since so many clients come from collectivist cultures, and since inaccurate clinical decisions that derive from flawed etiologies and character assessment can have such serious repercussions.The following study investigates, both qualitatively and quantitatively, how this individualistic bias in Western psychotherapy influences the clinical judgment and inference-making process. Within a Repeated Measures design, 84 graduate students provided assessments of two different clinical vignettes that were each alternated to reflect a client with either individualist or collectivist values. All participants were also asked to provide qualitative assessments of the casefiles, and a total of seven participants discussed their clinical impressions in greater depth during two different focus groups that were conducted at a later date. The focus groups were organized around four broad-based themes that were intended to clarify the study's earlier findings, and shed light on the processes underlying participants' clinical assessments.
Results from this study suggest that clinicians do tend to view individualism as psychologically healthier than collectivism. While the findings indicate that clinicians tend to pathologize collectivism more in men than in women, factors other than gender also appear to interact with individualism-collectivism values to impact clinical assessment. Implications of these findings, as well as proposed directions for future research within the context of this study's limitations, are discussed.
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Rakotomalala, Olivier Tantelinirina. "L'efficacité des modes de communication d'un changement organisationnel selon divers paramètres culturels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2830.
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La communication est un élément incontournable dans les organisations lors des périodes de changement, qui sont elles-mêmes inhérentes à toute organisation. Il existe une variété de modes de communication d'un changement lors de son implantation. L'objectif de cette recherche consiste à explorer les liens entre des modes de communication et des caractéristiques culturelles des destinataires d'un changement. Cent-vingt et un étudiants d'origines culturelles diverses et habitant les résidences d'une université québécoise ont servi d'échantillon pour l'étude d'un changement devant y être implanté. Les variables culturelles suivantes ont été mesurées chez ces participants : l'individualisme vertical, l'individualisme horizontal, le collectivisme vertical et le collectivisme horizontal. Trois modes de communication matérialisés en trois vignettes annonçant un changement (le mode monologique, le mode dialogique, et le mode séducteur) ont été utilisés auprès de trois groupes distincts de participants dont les préoccupations face au changement ainsi annoncé ont ensuite été mesurées. Des analyses de régressions multiples n'ont pas permis de confirmer les hypothèses, à savoir que les niveaux de l'ensemble des préoccupations seraient plus bas lors d'une communication monologique pour les personnes ayant un haut niveau d'individualisme vertical, lors d'une communication dialogique pour celles qui ont un haut niveau d'individualisme horizontal ainsi que lors d'une communication dite séductrice pour celles qui ont un haut niveau de collectivisme vertical. Par contre, des analyses exploratoires ont montré qu'un haut niveau d'individualisme horizontal pourrait conduire à avoir davantage de préoccupations liées à la résistance au changement lors d'une communication dialogique. Dans le même sens, de hauts niveaux de collectivisme vertical ou d'individualisme vertical amèneraient l'expression d'un plus grand nombre de préoccupations liées au soutien au changement lors de communications monologiques ou séductrices. Ces données amènent à supposer que les préoccupations, voire la résistance au changement, seraient maximisées par une communication adéquate et qu'elles seraient favorables au changement. Les modes de communication adéquats et les réactions des destinataires d'un changement ne seraient pas les mêmes dans toutes les cultures.
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Hellsing, Maria, and Linda Olsson. "Experiences of female entrepreneurs in Tanzania : A cultural comparacy between individualism and collectivism." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35072.
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Chun, Ken. "The role of cultural values in evaluating brand extensions : individualism versus collectivism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29484.
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When launching brand extension strategies globally, It is very important for today’s brand marketers to understand the differences in those countries with high cultural diversity such as South Africa,. This research intends to investigate the role that a consumer’s cultural value plays in evaluating brand extensions, in the context of the cultural dimension of individualismcollectivism, in order to close the theoretical gap in this area.This research is quantitative and causal in nature, and used an experimental factorial design in the conduct of the research. Triandis’ scales were used in the questionnaire design, and 161 MBA students participated in the experiment at GIBS. The research results disprove that cultural values play a role in evaluating brand extensions, and there was insufficient evidence to prove that individualists differ from collectivists in evaluating brand extensions. Nevertheless, the research results found that there are some positive interaction effects between the product category relatedness and product involvement in the process of brand extension evaluations.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Dayan, Joelle. "Friendship bonds, perceived parental support and self-esteem in children from individualist and collectivist cultures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/NQ39019.pdf.
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Rudy, Duane Daniel. "Parental authoritarianism, affect, and cognition, and child outcomes in collectivist and individualist cultural groups." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ49987.pdf.
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Bourgeois, David Y. "The Politics and Values of Individualists and Collectivists: A Cross-Cultural Comparison." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BourgeoisDY2002.pdf.
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Classon, Anton. "The J in JRPG : Finding collectivism or individualism in games." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329461.
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This paper covers the JRPG subgenre as it compares to the greater RPG genre. These will be compared through how games can, through their mechanics, be traced back to which types of society the games originate from. These societal types are collectivism and individualism, as defined by Richard Brislin (2000). The games are divided into Japanese games and Western games, and are examined for evidence of societal ties in their gameplay mechanics that tie them to their country of origin, or evidence that contend those ties.Detta examensarbete täcker JRPG-subgenren och jämför denna med den bredare RPG-genren. Dessa jämförs genom hur spel kan, genom deras mekaniker, spåras tillbaka till vilka typer av samhälle spelen härstammar från. Dessa samhällsformer är kollektivism och individualism, enligt definitionen av Richard Brislin (2000). Spelen är uppdelade i japanska spel och västerländska spel och undersöks för bevis på samhällsband i deras spelmekanik som knyter dem till sitt ursprungsland eller bevis som strider mot dessa band.
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Khoury, Haitham A. "Measuring culture : the development of a multidimensional culture scale." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001741.
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Lee, In Heok. "Readiness for self-directed learning and the cultural values of individualism/collectivism among American and South Korean college students seeking teacher certification in agriculture." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3281.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self-directed learning readiness and the cultural values of individualism/collectivism in two sample groups drawn from different cultures. The research design used for this study was descriptive and correlational in nature. The target population for this study consisted of two sample groups: Korean and American college students who seek teacher certification in the field of agriculture. Data were collected using a web-formatted questionnaire. Results were computed statistically, including the means, standard deviations, effect size, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, bivariate correlations, and multiple regression.
Findings indicated that in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, scores for the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) (R2 = .03, adjusted R2 = .01, p = .30) in Step 1 was not statistically significantly related by gender, student classification, and GPA. Gender, student classification, and GPA accounted for only 3% of the variance and the three beta weights for the gender, student classification, and GPA variables were not statistically significantly related to the SDLRS. However, scores for SDLRS (R2= .34, adjusted R2 = .30, ¨R2 = .31, p =.00) in Step 2 was statistically significantly related by gender, student classification, GPA, nationality, vertical individualism (VI), horizontal individualism (HI), vertical collectivism(VC), and horizontal collectivism(HC). This model accounted for 34 % of the variance in the SDLRS (R2 change = .31). It appears that nationality, VI, HI, VC, and HC accounted for a further 31% of the variance. However, in Step 1, the gender, student classification, and GPA variables did not account for a significant amount of variance in Step 2. The beta weight for nationality and VI variables were not statistically significantly related to the SDLRS (E = -0.15, t = -1.67, p = .10; E = 0.01, t = 0.10, p = .92, respectively). However, the beta for the HI variable was statistically significant and positive (E = 0.40, t = 4.31, p = .00). The beta for the VC
variable also was statistically significant and positive (E = 0.20, t = 2.12, p = .04). The beta for the HC variable also was statistically significant and positive (E = 0.21, t = 2.19, p = .03). These findings indicated that if HI, VC, and HC attitudes are high, the SDLRS
scores tend to be high. That is, differences in the students SDLRS can be best explained through HI, VC, and HC among the cultural values of individualism/collectivism.
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Johnston, Sarah P. "A Cultural Comparison of Applied Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/540.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) with no cure (Hall, 2011). A variety of treatments exist to help with symptoms and one therapy is applied behavior analysis (ABA) (Virues-Ortega, 2010). ABA works by providing rewarding stimuli, specifically verbal praise, to encourage positive behavior. Most of the current research related to autism and ABA has been done in the US or other western countries (Hall, 2011), but studies show that verbal praise motivates people differently in different cultures (Henderlong & Lepper, 2002). One of these differences occurs between individualist and collectivist cultures. The current study will manipulate verbal praise administered in ABA therapy in two different countries, the United States, an individualist culture, and South Korea, a collectivist culture. There will be two types of ABA interventions: type A, with individualist-focused verbal praise and type B, with collectivist-focused verbal praise. Thirty children from each country will receive type A and 40 from each country will receive type B. The results would likely confirm the hypotheses which are: 1) that children with an individualist upbringing will have a greater improvement in symptoms with intervention type A than children with a collectivist upbringing, and 2) that children with a collectivist upbringing will have greater symptom improvement with intervention type B than children with an individualist upbringing. Further directions regarding the development of treatments for children with autism are discussed. This research will help to provide insight into the importance of considering culture when treating children with autism.
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Youn, Inn. "The culture specificity of epistemological beliefs about learning /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841349.
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Ma, Shuangjie, and Stellah Njeru. "The impact of culture (individualism and collectivism) on identified multicultural group work challenges : A study at Linnaeus University." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53419.
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This paper aims to measure the kinds of challenges faced by multicultural studentgroups and the influence of culture (individualism and collectivism) on student'sperception of importance on each of the challenges discovered. A 19-item questionnairewas completed by students (N = 234) from different faculties including natural andsocial sciences at Linnaeus University, students were from 47 countries. Challenges inmulticultural groups were measured using a Likert scale (from 1 to 5) that assessedmember participation, communication, group processes and group member compositionand analysed by exploratory factor analysis. To examine the differences in perception ofimportance of the challenges discovered between individualists and collectivists basedon Hofstede's culture framework, t-tests and Mann-Whitney test were conducted. Theresults suggested three main kinds of challenges: culture related challenges, genericgroup work challenges and membership resemblance. Membership resemblance was theonly kind of challenge that significantly differed between individualists and collectivists.Further discussions explaining the results and implementation of this study werepresented.
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McFeeters, Forrest Ethan. "The Effects of Individualism Vs. Collectivism on Learner's Recall, Transfer and Attitudes Toward Collaboration and Individualized Learning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28049.
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This study examined the differences in achievement between groups exhibiting different cultural dimensions in a particular online instructional environment. Variables were measured concerning the relationship between instructional environments, cultural dimensions and online learner preference. The subjects of this study were a representative sample of groups of graduate students from different cultures. The instrument was composed of a treatment that was represented across two instructional environments. A web-based tool measured participant?s cultural dimension, recall, transfer of knowledge and learning preference. A 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVA analysis method was used to examine the effects of individualism and collectivism on learner preference and achievement (recall, transfer). Significance in transfer measures was found. This indicated deep understanding of materials for collectivist participants. Correlational analysis revealed significance between cultural dimension and learner preference for instructional methods. Findings were consistent with the body of literature on cross-cultural psychology.Ph. D.
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Soumi, Mariam, and Viktor Gustafsson. "Fairness in a Game Setting : The Effects of Gender and Culture on Fairness in the Ultimatum Game." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48631.
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Fairness is an important topic that has captured the interest of researchers in many fields. Looking at behavioural and experimental economics, various methods have been used to shed the light on fairness. One of the most recognizable ways is through the use of the ultimatum game. In this paper, we aimed to look at fairness considerations by utilizing this game, while also highlighting gender and culture as factors of importance. Two models, specifically Rabin’s reciprocity model and Fehr and Schmidt’s inequity aversion model, in addition to various research papers on the topics of gender and culture, were used as the cornerstones for this paper. The experimental design was a replication of the ultimatum game, which was carried out online. Results showed that there were noticeable effects from both gender and culture on the behaviour of the participants in the game. However, the results were not statistically significant enough to be considered as determining factors in regard to why individuals behave in a specific manner in the game. Since research from the field has reached mixed conclusions, we can say that making inferences about human behaviour is harder than one might think.
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Green, Sydney Nicole. "The Effect of Culture on Communication Strategies for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1544456071290228.
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Shang, Ziyuan. "Cultural Influences on Emotional Expression in Virtual Communication." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1272.
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Research has consistently demonstrated the influences of cultural orientation (Individualism/collectivism) on emotional expression when interacting with in-groups and out-groups members in face-to-face communication (e.g., Eid & Diener, 2001; Matsumoto et al., 2008; Safdar et al., 2009). The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate whether the same pattern exists in virtual communication, especially in instant text messaging. Using a mixed design, an online self-report questionnaire measuring Individualism/Collectivism and intensity of emotional expression of both positive and negative emotions will be given to a sample of 788 college students. Several universal effects are predicted, including greater emotion expression toward in-groups versus out-groups, greater overall expressivity for people with a high individualism score, and greater expressivity for positive emotions than negative emotions. It is further predicted that people with high individualism score will express more negative emotions to their in-groups, while people with high collectivism score will express more positive emotions. Lastly, it is predicted that when interacting with out-groups, people with a high individualism score will express more positive emotions, while people with high collectivism score will express more negative emotions. Implications for cultural orientation and emotion expression are discussed.
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Papadopoulos, Chris. "Stigma towards people with mental health problems : an individualism-collectivism cross-cultural comparison." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2009. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6253/.
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This study explored whether the cross-cultural value paradigm 'individualismcollectivism' is a useful explanatory model for mental illness stigmatisation on a cultural level. This has never before been directly investigated despite numerous clues of its potential importance in previous related literature. The paradigm asserts that in 'collectivist' cultures, people are more strongly interdependent with their in-groups, and are more likely to give priority to the goals of their in-groups than people from 'individualistic' cultures, who are instead more likely to value and desire autonomy and independence from their in-groups, and give priority to their personal goals than to their in-group goals. Three hundred and five individuals from four UK-based cultural groups (white-English, American, Greek/Greek Cypriot, and Chinese) were successfully recruited for a quantitative survey through the use of non-randomised snowball and quota sampling. Twenty-two of these individuals were later qualitatively interviewed in a one-to-one, semi-structured manner. Questions regarding where the four cultures fit within the individualism-collectivism paradigm, how acculturation affects the individualismcollectivism paradigm, what other factors explain stigmatisation, and the level of stigmatising attitudes present in these cultures, were also integrated into the methodological components in an attempt to explore these other important themes. The results partially supported the hypothesis that the paradigm can be applied to explain mental illness attitudes. Increases in the paradigm's explanatory power corresponded with a cultures' stigmatisation level. Specifically, the more stigmatising a culture's mental illness attitudes are, the more likely collectivism effectively explains these attitudes. In contrast, the more positive a culture's mental illness attitudes, the more likely individualism effectively explains attitudes. Educational level, mental illness experience, and, particularly, mental illness knowledge, were other powerful and consistent stigma explanatory factors, although the stigma affect of these and impact of other key themes were unique to each cultural group. The results also revealed that successfully acculturating to a new culture can impact on one's cultural values including levels of individualism-collectivism. The American cultural survey group held the most positive mental illness attitudes, followed by the white English group. Both groups also scored high on levels of individualism. The Greek/Greek Cypriots and Chinese held the least positive attitudes and were also found to be generally collectivistic. None of the survey groups' scores were wholly stigmatising, which suggests a positive shift towards more tolerant attitudes having taken place in recent years even in the Greek/Greek Cypriot and Chinese cultures. This is illuminating as these are traditionally particularly stigmatising cultures, which qualitative interviewees also argued. A number of important recommendations for policy and practice that aim to reduce stigma and highlight the importance of culture are proposed. These include anti-stigma campaigns needing to be culturally and linguistically appropriate and sensitive; using in-group, second-generation members of closed and collectivist communities/cultures to deliver of anti-stigmatising initiatives and; training practitioners to understand the impact of individualism-collectivism on mental health attitudes. Further, a consideration of the individualism-collectivism paradigm should be included in any future research aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the causes of mental illness stigma both on an individual and cultural level.
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Zhao, Jingyan. "From us to me: cultural value changes from collectivism to individualism in Chinese commercials." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35492.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Curtis B. Matthews
China’s society has been changing since 1979, when the open-door policy was implemented. Many great events in politics, economy and culture have brought lots of diversities to the Chinese younger generation who were born after 1979. These diversities have led to a cultural value change from collectivism to individualism among this generation (Cao, 2009; Sun & Wang, 2010; Moore, 2005). Cultivation analysis theory may be appropriate to explain this phenomenon as the open-door policy allowed American and European TV programs and other media products come into China. Effective advertising should cater to its audience in order to effectively persuade them to purchase its merchandise or service (Zhang & Harwood, 2004; Chang, 2006). If the cultural value of the Chinese younger generation has changed, it may be reflected in the commercial content of successful advertisers. This research conducted a content analysis of Chinese commercials, comparing the commercial contents in recent years to approximately ten years ago. It examined if the individualistic factors were more frequently showed in the commercials in recent years than approximately ten years ago, with the consideration to merchandise type and production place. Research results exhibited an increase of individualism revealing in Chinese commercials from approximately 2006 to 2016.
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au, psnider@central murdoch edu, and Paul Dabney Snider. "Exploring the Relationships between Individualism and Collectivism and Attitudes towards Counselling among Ethnic Chinese, Australian, and American University Students." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040430.140708.
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Exploring the Relationships Between Individualism and Collectivism and Attitudes Towards Counselling Among Ethnic Chinese, Australian, and American University Students Compensating for reduced public funding, Australian and American universities actively recruit full-fee paying East Asian international students. University staff, aware of international students having difficulties coping with cultural and emotional issues, often encourage them to seek university counselling services. However, East Asian international students under-utilise Western universities counselling services.
It has been argued that the Western concept of counselling reflects Western cultural values, in particular individualism. Thus the reluctance of international students from more collectivistic cultures to seek counselling services may in part be due to a clash of cultural values. Over a decade ago, Draguns hypothesised the existence of a relationship between Hofstedes cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity, and their influence on individuals attitudes towards psychopathology and treatment modalities. The current study sought to offer empirical support for Draguns hypothesis as it related to individualism and power distance, and to attitudes towards counselling. In place of Hofstedes cultural dimensions, this study used the Triandis cultural concepts of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism.
Using the Triandis Individualism Collectivism Scale (ICS) and the Tinsley Expectations about Counseling-Brief Form (EAC-B)questionnaire, the current study explores the relationship between levels of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism, and attitudes towards the roles of counsellors, the roles of clients, and the process and goals of counselling. The research is based on data collected from three cultural groups: ethnic Chinese international students attending Australian universities, and Australian and American university students enrolled in their home countries.
This study is unusual in cross-cultural research owing to its use of the Rasch extended logistic model of modern item response theory (IRT) as a means of validating the data prior to standard statistical analysis. Whereas classical test theory emphasises the model fitting the data, the Rasch model of IRT requires that the data fit the model to be considered valid. Psychometric analysis of the ICS found its four scales separately fit the Rasch model quite well, as did three modified scales of the EAC-B.
The IRT analysis also provided a means of identifying differential item functioning (DIF), that is, items functioning differently (demonstrating bias) among
the three cultural groups.
Using the EAC-B to collect pre and post-intervention data, the current study assessed the effectiveness of a videotape intervention as a means of changing within and between-group attitudes towards counselling. It was anticipated that ethnic Chinese participants, representing the group with the least familiarity with counselling, would show the greatest change in counselling attitudes as a result of the intervention. Americans were expected to show the least change, and Australian participants to be in the middle position. Based on the findings, the intervention did not significantly alter the participants attitudes towards counselling regardless of their cultural background. Overall, the intervention served to strengthen existing attitudes.
Lastly as a means of gaining a deeper understanding of the quantitative findings, the study collected qualitative data from the participants and from university counsellors. These findings indicated that there was a general lack of knowledge about university counselling services even among those participants who were familiar with counselling as a concept. Participants, in general, expressed reservations about seeking counselling due to concerns of being seen by friends. This was particularly true for the Chinese. Chinese participants also expressed scepticism towards a non-Chinese counsellors ability to understand their problems.
In reference to Draguns hypothesis, overall the findings from this study supported his model. The findings indicated that individuals endorsing collectivistic attitudes expressed a strong preference for counsellors who were direct, expert-like, and helped clients seek concrete solutions to their problems. The study also found that an individuals expressions of cultural dimensions, such as vertical collectivism, were better predictors of counsellor preference than an individuals cultural background.
These findings have implications for university policy makers who are responsible for ensuring the existence of an infrastructure capable of meeting the needs of the international students they so actively recruit. This would include appropriate funding for an adequate and diverse counselling staff extending itself to the university community. There are also implications for counsellor education programs in recognising the link between cultural variables and client expectations.
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Manohar, Uttara. "The Role of Culture in Parental Mediation." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313379998.
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Hoersting, Raquel Carvalho. "The Effects of Priming, Culture, and Context on Perception of Facial Emotion, Self-representation and Thought: Brazil and the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115096/.
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Individualist and collectivist cultural approaches describe the relationship between an individual and his or her social surroundings. the current study had a two-fold purpose. the first was to investigate whether Brazilians, like other collective peoples, displayed more group self-representations, categorized items more relationally and paid more attention to context than Americans. the second purpose of this study was to investigate if counter-cultural primes played a role in activating either collective or individual selves. Both American (n = 100) and Brazilian (n = 101) participants were assigned either to a no-prime condition or a counter-cultural prime condition and then were asked to rate emotion cartoons, categorize items, complete the Twenty Statement Test (TST), and choose a representative object. As expected, unprimed Brazilian participants displayed more collectivist patterns on emotional (F[1,196] = 10.1, p = .001, ?²= .049; F[1,196] = 7.9, p = .006, ?²= .038; F[1,196] = 9.0, p = .005, ?²= .044) and cognitive (F[1, 196] = 6.0, p < .01, ?² = .03) tasks than Americans. However, Brazilians offered more individualist self-representations (F[1, 195] = 24.0, p < .001, ?² = .11) than American participants. Priming only had a marginal effect on item categorization (F[1,194] = 3.9, p = .051, ?² = .02). Understanding such cultural differences is necessary in the development of clinicians’ multicultural competence. Therefore, these findings, along with the strengths and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
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Boustani, Maya Mroué. "The associations of universal value types with the Big 5 personality traits and individualism-collectivism in Lebanon and the United States." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1435585.
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Farley, Augustine Yuty Duweh, and Nour Murched. "How Culture Moderates the Effect of Trust on Online Shopping Frequency." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32338.
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People all over the world are embracing online shopping and there is a general agreement that trust plays a key role in influencing online shopping frequency. This project seeks to address the increasing need for new studies in this area. This is an empirical project that investigates the moderating effects of culture on the impact of trust on online shopping frequency. The central focus of this project was to examine whether culture affects the decision of the international consumer to trust in online shopping contexts. In an attempt to contribute to both cross-cultural and e-commerce research, the project examined shoppers across 34 countries using two of Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions: Uncertainty avoidance and Individualism. The project took a post-positivist approach to research and adopted a mixed method research design. Thus, data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative research designs, which provided a complimentary triangulation of the results. Both secondary and primary data sources were used, as the project developed a model and tested several hypotheses based on the literature on e-commerce, social psychology, and culture. Seven hypotheses were tested and research results revealed that trust has a positive impact on online shopping frequency in a multicultural context. Interestingly, no moderation effects were found for culture. The importance of this project lies in the fact that it seeks to further research at the intersection of culture, trust, and online shopping. Moreover, unlike most e-commerce projects that gather data from students within a single country, this project examines data from respondents of various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, across several countries.
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Scott, Diana Dawn. "Leader behavior : the development of collective efficacy in collectivistic societies." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1491.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Ebeling, Sarah, and Kiran Gustafsson. "Aspirations, possibilities and limitations–Indian middleclass students' view on future career and related values." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28876.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how middle class, secondary school students in Bangalore view their future in the background context of individualist and collectivist influences, traditionally related to Western respectively Eastern culture. The objectives are as follows:How do secondary school students view their future in terms of further studies and work opportunities and what possibilities and/or limitations do they identify? What in relation to this are some of the underlying, deciding factors?What values do secondary school students take into account while considering a future career? To what extent can these values be related to the general distinctions between collectivism and individualism, traditionally related to Eastern and Western culture?Theoretical terms used in the thesis are the sociological concepts of individualism and collectivism and Krumboltz’s social learning theory, a constructivist career theory. This is a qualitative study, interviews were used to examine eight students’ views about their future as well as values related to this.The main conclusions of the study are that the students in general are very positive about their future, they believe in themselves and their abilities and rate the likeliness of reaching their goals as high. All of them want to move on to further studies, studying and working abroad is also something that is appealing to many of them. One of the possible limitations is lack of money. Deciding factors include own interests and abilities, family’s opinions, social class and external factors like labor market. Values concerning family, education and work are for the most part collectivist but some strong individualist features can also be seen, such as choosing a vocation based on your interest.
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Alam, Md Mahbub. "The impact of national culture on the organizational culture: Multinational companies doing businesses in developing countries." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24731.
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Abstract Title: The impact of national culture on the organizational culture: Multinational companies doing businesses in developing countries Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration (MBA) Author: Md. Mahbub Alam Supervisor: Dr. Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Examiner: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Day: 2017- May Aim: The aim of the study is to understand how national culture of Bangladesh is affecting the organizational culture of the multinational firms operating in Bangladesh. To understand the issue, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions are regarded as benchmark for analysis. Method: Qualitative study has been conducted whereby both primary and secondary data are used. Hereby, primary data have been gathered from ten employees of Grameen Phone a multinational working in Bangladesh. To collect data, face to face interviews has been conducted using Skype. Results & Conclusions: Finding of the study is the MNCs integration with national culture with the view to sustainable business operation. It has been demonstrated that national culture affects the organizational culture in the form of employee participation, collective working environment, collaborative work efforts, and knowledge sharing through continuous communication. Suggestions for future research: Further investigations on national culture’s impact on organizational culture can be undertaken by making a comparison between MNC and a purely local firm. Additionally, an analysis on a large number of MNCs operating in host country can add value for further researches. Contribution of the thesis: To the theoretical model, this study makes contribution on the ground of understanding how MNC adapt their business with local culture where cultural sensitiveness is high. Managerial implications: MNCs can ensure collaboration, support, and teamwork among employees as part of their attempt to integrate with local culture. This study reveals that local employees can be used as means of cultural carriers by managers which can promptly address the cultural differences to be mitigated. Keywords: Multi-national Corporations (MNCs), National Culture, Organizational Culture, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Power Distance
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Huang, Jo-Ting. "A cross-cultural study of the influence of personal cultural orientation on brand loyalty." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14421.
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This thesis investigates a generalisable cross-cultural model for brand loyalty by integrating extant theories of personal cultural orientation (of individualism and collectivism), self-congruity (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social self-congurity), customer satisfaction, attitudinal brand loyalty, and behavioural brand loyalty. Creating brand loyalty is a key branding issue in modern marketing. Brands are faced with the challenge of building, maintaining, and increasing their capacity to drive customer loyalty across borders with consumers of different cultures. Notwithstanding the growth of culturally centered brand loyalty research, the focus of research today continues to be on cross-cultural differences, often overlooking the generalisable cross-cultural path to consumer brand loyalty. This study instead addresses this overlooked topic of cross-cultural generalisabilities across nations. To assess the cross-cultural generalisability of the conceptual model, survey data from a non-student sample were collected from middle-class, Generation Y individuals of the relevant nationality who have always lived in China, Singapore, or the United States. After performing data cleaning procedures, 541 usable responses from three countries were analysed with the use of the SEM model. The findings show that the personal cultural orientation of collectivism has a positive effect on behavioural brand loyalty through ideal social self-congruity, customer satisfaction, and attitudinal brand loyalty. These findings extend brand loyalty research by considering how an individual’s personal cultural orientation impacts brand loyalty. Moreover, the findings offer marketers increased insight into consumers’ brand loyalty formation process in cross-cultural contexts. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also presented.
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Williams, S. Alicia. "Collectivism, Individualism, and Interprofessional Education: A Comparison of Faculty Across Five Academic Health Sciences Colleges." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3823.
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Collaborative practice among interprofessional groups of health care providers is essential to the provision of safe and effective medical care. However, health professions training programs have not traditionally prepared students for interprofessional practice. One challenge in transforming health professions education programs has been a limited number of faculty prepared to teach students in an interprofessional learning environment. Thus, faculty development programs aimed at preparing faculty to provide interprofessional learning experiences across disciplines are increasingly important. Unfortunately, best practice in training faculty for interprofessional education programs is not well-defined.
Interprofessional education faculty development programs should aim to train faculty to model and teach interprofessional education competencies, including collaboration; however, a faculty member’s culture orientation may impact their collaborative skills. Of the four subscales of the Individualism-Collectivism Scale, horizontal collectivism is the subscale most aligned with collaborative team-based competencies. Few, if any, studies have examined culture orientation in academic health science faculty. The current study explored culture orientation in academic health science faculty across five colleges at a southern university. Comparisons were made on each of the four Individualism-Collectivism subscales between academic health science faculty who had attended and had not attended an interprofessional education faculty development program. Also, comparisons were made by faculty members’ status as a first-generation student, type of courses taught, and gender. Correlations between scores on each subscale and years of teaching in higher education were also examined.
Results indicated that the faculty members who had attended the interprofessional education faculty development program were significantly higher in horizontal collectivism than faculty who had not attended this program. Also, faculty who taught clinical courses were higher in vertical individualism than faculty who taught nonclinical courses. Implications for interprofessional practice, education, and faculty development are discussed, and recommendations for future research and practice are made.
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Wang, Danni, and Regis Hell. "Cultural impact on the audit planning phase : An empirical study in China and France." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25743.
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China and France have both adopted the International Standards on Auditing (ISA). Thelargest firms in auditing and accounting in the world, known as Big Four, are established inFrance as well as in China. Auditors from those firms apply procedures that have beenharmonized worldwide within Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, KPMG, and Ernst &Young. When it comes to audit, French auditor and Chinese auditor talk the same language,use the same software, boundaries seem to be knocked over. On the other hand, what BigFour firms are not able to standardize is the culture of their auditors. Does auditor’s culturemay shatter all efforts that have been put to deliver the same services throughout the world?Does auditor’s culture may call the work of the International Auditing and AssuranceStandards Board (IAASB) into question? Do either French or Chinese auditors enable ahigher audit risk to the audited client? Many other questions could be raised about the effectof cultures on the audit process.
The purpose of this research is to explore, measure and analyse the cultural impact on theaudit process. In order to highlight the difference(s) of the audit outcome due to culture,countries have to exemplify a certain numbers of cultural differences. China and France havebeen chosen because their belonging to the Eastern and Western clusters, and as we know,Eastern and Western countries have substantial cultural differences (Hofstede, 2001).According to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Individualism (versus Collectivism) andUncertainty Avoidance are the two dimensions that get the higher cultural differences whenhe compares Chinese and French Culture. We want to discover how Chinese and Frenchauditors rely on analytical procedures and assess audit evidence and internal controlenvironment. We want to study if their audit results reflect the cultural differences betweenChina and France based on the two cultural dimensions.
In order to manage our empirical research, we use a sample of 28 Chinese auditors and 14French auditors. We use primary data collection through our design questionnaire. Theauditors’ answers were analysed using a quantitative approach to reveal the eventual existenceof a connection between the auditor’s cultural background and how the audit process iscarried out.
Our findings about cultural differences within Big Four companies are not so categorical. We did not find significant differences regarding Chinese and French auditors’ culture. However,Chinese auditors appear to have a higher willingness to refuse a misstatement in the client’s financial statements, due to collectivism cultural dimension, than French auditors. Auditors from both countries assess in similar way audit evidence, but they do not consider of the same importance some components of the internal control environment. French auditors considerof greater importance components that can directly influenced the accuracy of the accountingreporting process, because an individualism society as France tends to “encourage”accounting and cut-off errors within organizations.
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Ellis, Audrene Janell. "Influence of Collectivistic and Individualistic Values on Probation Officers' Retention." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7969.
Full textAbstract:
Probation officers are departing their employment before retirement at a high rate depending on the agency, location, and type of position, which impacts society. The cost associated with training a new officer could consume a large portion of an agency's yearly budget, leaving many inexperienced officers to supervise dangerous offenders and defendants. Thus, it is important to examine factors influencing retention such as whether individualistic and collectivist values predict a relationship between retention intent of probation officers. The purpose of this quantitative research study, guided by Hofstede's cultural theory, was to determine whether family embeddedness influences retention intent of probation officers. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the variables. The Sobel test was used to determine if family embeddedness mediated retention-intent. Federal probation and pretrial services officers (n=85) from 5 regions completed online survey questionnaires (Individualistic values scale, Employee Retention scale, Global Measure of Job Embeddedness, and Auckland Individualism and Collectivistic Scale). The results showed that family embeddedness is not a mediator for probation officers that possessed individualistic or collectivistic values. The social change implication of this study includes a recommendation for the development of an employee screening instrument that identifies employees' values to increase retention of probation officers, which can be used to select and train staff.
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Khoury, Haitham A. "The Moderating Influence of Cultural Dimensions on the Relationship Between Role Stressors, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/332.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the implications of cultural dimensions on the relationship between job satisfaction facets, role stressors, and organizational commitment. Using data from 214 university employees, the moderating influence of individualistic and collectivistic orientations as expressed through four cultural dimensions (responsibility, affiliation, social welfare, and achievement) on those relationships were investigated. Results indicated that role ambiguity had a greater negative influence on affective commitment for those who were more cooperative as opposed to competitive in their achievement orientation; whereas the relationship between coworker and supervision satisfaction and affective commitment was stronger for those who endorsed an individualist achievement orientation. Responsibility was found to moderate the relationship between satisfaction with the nature of work and continuance commitment more strongly and negatively for those who endorsed a collectivist orientation. The prediction that the relationship between role stressors and normative commitment would be more negative for those endorsing a collectivist orientation of affiliation was supported. Support was also found for the more positive influence of a collectivist orientation of affiliation on the relationship between job satisfaction facets (coworkers and supervision) and normative commitment. Finally, support was found for the collectivist orientation of affiliation positively influencing the relationship of satisfaction with the nature of work with normative commitment.
Cross-cultural psychology has moved towards the inclusion of cultural dimensions into the study of psychological behavior in the workplace in a two-pronged approach: refining the theory of cross-cultural industrial/organizational psychology and determining the processes by which cultural dimensions are linked to work behaviors. This study aimed to tackle both approaches by extending the empirical research that is ongoing in the area and accelerating the theoretical development.