Academic literature on the topic 'Individually differentiated approach'

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Journal articles on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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Betretdinova, Inessa, Olga Kurgaeva, and Shushanik Kazaryan. "Innovations in Teaching Business Letter Writing at Nonlinguistic Universities: Individually Differentiated Approach." ARPHA Proceedings 4 (May 31, 2021): 114–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/ap.e4.e0114.

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In the modern world the ability to perform professional interaction and conduct proper business correspondence is an integral part of successful commercial activities. The scope of knowledge necessary for efficient spoken and written communication is the basis of productive cooperation with foreign partners for specialists and experts in any field. This knowledge is to provide the increasing demand for such professionals as a current trend in the labour market. In this light, teaching business letter writing as a product of foreign language learning to students at nonlinguistic universities proves to be of vital importance. The present article is aimed at presenting and proving the effectiveness of the developed methodology of product-oriented teaching business letter writing in the foreign (English) language to students at nonlinguistic universities. The article reveals the examples of particular practical tasks for students. The study methods include a learner survey, the analysis of students' written works, the relevant educational and methodology literature review, the pedagogical experiment, the analysis and statistical processing of the obtained data, interpretation of the research results. In consequence of the conducted research, the authors studied and estimated the students' written works which were done as part of product-oriented teaching business letter writing on the basis of individually differentiated approach. Thus, the obtained data proved the effectiveness of the developed methodology. The practical significance of the research results lies in the opportunity of increasing productivity of foreign language professional education at a nonlinguistic university.
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Rudenchenko, Alla. "INDIVIDUALLY-DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ETNODYZAYNERSKOYI." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 13 (March 9, 2016): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2016.13.171552.

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The article analyzes the need to introduce based on humanistic principles, innovation, personality-oriented educational model that would reflect the features of modern social and cultural space. Organization of scientific and educational process in higher educational institutions of art should be based on modern developments in the field of art education and art pedagogy, active use of the traditions of folk culture. The use of multiple intelligence theory of American psychologist Howard Gardner, will allow to increase the quality level of education, strengthen the relationship with the educational process practitioners and make spiritual component in the educational process of students of art schools. New Millennium and the current difficult socio- economic situation need to develop new conceptual models of learning and education. This model of education can be developed based on a new integrative philosophical and psycho-pedagogical field of scientific knowledge. Socio-economic and spiritual changes occurring in our country need most complete development of man as the highest social value.
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Krasheninnikova, Natalia A., Valentina V. Voroshilova, Olga S. Polunina, Natalia V. Osipova, Nikolay N. Kosarenko, and Jhanna I. Aytuganova. "The formation of language competence in the system of the speech generalization semantics among students." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3B (2021): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173b1544p.258-267.

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The article aims to study the specificities of an individually differentiated approach in the formation of speech generalization semantics and communicative competence in older preschool children. The main approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of an individually differentiated approach to the linguistic competence of preschool children, which allows us to identify the most effective ones. The article focuses on the concepts of individualization and differentiation in the development of the semantic aspect of speech and communicative competence, taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of the children. It is concluded that an individually differentiated approach increases the effectiveness of measures to form linguistic competence in the system of semantics of generalization of discourse. The materials of the article can be useful for speech therapists, specialists in preschool institutions that work in the area of speech development for older preschoolers, as well as for teachers in search of effective technologies for the formation of language skills.
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Lavrienko, Tatiana V., and Tatiana V. Pen. "Individually-differentiated approach to the organization of the educational process for disabled people." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (2017): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0019.

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Novikova, Galina. "Organization of Pedagogical Assistance and Support for Younger Schoolchildren with Different Rates of Mental Development." Primary Education 10, no. 4 (2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0728-2022-10-4-40-44.

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The article is devoted to the problems of organizing individually differentiated work with younger students who experience difficulties in learning within the framework of inclusive education. The main indicators of children with the risks of mental retardation, which prevent their successful co-education with ordinary peers in the general class of a mass primary school, are characterized. The necessary conditions for the organization of pedagogical assistance and the features of an individually differentiated approach to children with different rates of mental development are considered in detail.
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Mandal, Paulami, Debojyoti De, Dong Uk Im, Sung Hee Um та Kyeong Kyu Kim. "Exosome-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Exocrine Cells into β-Like Cells and the Identification of Key miRNAs for Differentiation". Biomedicines 8, № 11 (2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110485.

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Diabetes is a concerning health malady worldwide. Islet or pancreas transplantation is the only long-term treatment available; however, the scarcity of transplantable tissues hampers this approach. Therefore, new cell sources and differentiation approaches are required. Apart from the genetic- and small molecule-based approaches, exosomes could induce cellular differentiation by means of their cargo, including miRNA. We developed a chemical-based protocol to differentiate mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into β-like cells and employed mouse insulinoma (MIN6)-derived exosomes in the presence or absence of specific small molecules to encourage their differentiation into β-like cells. The differentiated β-like cells were functional and expressed pancreatic genes such as Pdx1, Nkx6.1, and insulin 1 and 2. We found that the exosome plus small molecule combination differentiated the MEFs most efficiently. Using miRNA-sequencing, we identified miR-127 and miR-709, and found that individually and in combination, the miRNAs differentiated MEFs into β-like cells similar to the exosome treatment. We also confirmed that exocrine cells can be differentiated into β-like cells by exosomes and the exosome-identified miRNAs. A new differentiation approach based on the use of exosome-identified miRNAs could help people afflicted with diabetes
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Fuerman, Ross D. "Audit quality examined one large CPA firm at a time: mid-1990’s empirical evidence of a precursor of Arthur Andersen’s collapse." Corporate Ownership and Control 2, no. 1 (2004): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i1p11.

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The largest CPA firms have been regarded as quality-differentiated auditors. This has been a prominent assumption of empirical research in accounting and auditing. Yet, prior research has only tested whether the largest CPA firms, in the aggregate, are quality-differentiated auditors. This paper contributes to the audit quality literature by individually examining each of the largest CPA firms. This new approach is timely, given the questions that have been raised concerning Arthur Andersen.
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Nikolaevna, Menshikova Anastasia. "Development of professional competencies of future designers based on an individually differentiated approach in professional design education." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 29, no. 1 (2023): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2023-29-1-122-131.

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The article deals with the problem of diagnostics and development of professional competences of future designers based on an individually differentiated approach. The author examines the specifics of the professional and creative competences of a modern designer, the prerequisites and conditions for their formation in the process of professional education. Professional creative competences are considered as a cluster of competencies that reflect the willingness of a future designer to perform productive professional activities, as an ability for personal and professional self-development by increasing creative potential and expanding the scope of its professional application. The author reveals the principles of development of cognitive and activity competences of a designer, which reflect the ability of an individual to independently creatively comprehend professional tasks, process information, apply its knowledge, skills and abilities to find effective ways to solve a design problem. The author believes that for the development of such competences it is necessary to apply special techniques, means and methods in the process of vocational education. The author clarifies the essence and content of the cognitive and activity competences of the future designer, suggests ways and conditions for the effective application of the proposed approaches in the system of professional design education. The approach proposed by the author has theoretical and practical significance, since it contains a description of a set of psychological and pedagogic conditions that allow diagnosing and purposefully developing the professional, creative, cognitive and activity competences of future designers.
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Nikitina, E. "The Use of Creative Works of Younger Schoolchildren to Improve the Success of Their Educational Activities." Primary Education 10, no. 1 (2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0728-2022-10-1-39-42.

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The article proposes for consideration the problem of using creative works as an effective way to implement an individually differentiated approach in teaching successful younger schoolchildren. The author relies on the idea that difficulties in the learning process can occur in children who demonstrate different levels of educational activity, in particular, also in excellent schoolchildren and "good schoolchildren", therefore, providing them with different levels of creative tasks allows for the successful prospective intellectual and creative development of such schoolchildren. Examples of the use of differentiated creative tasks in the lessons of the Russian language and literary reading are given.
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Golovyashkina, Marina Aleksandrovna. "ON THE PROBLEM OF THE INDIVIDUALLY-DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 2-2 (February 2018): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-2-2.48.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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Rakib, Muntaha [Verfasser]. "Gender- Differentiated Asset Dynamics in Bangladesh: Individual Adaptation and the Potential for Group Based Approaches in the Context of Climate Change / Muntaha Rakib." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107726948X/34.

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Books on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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Pazuhina, Svetlana. Psychological and pedagogical theories and technologies of primary education (tasks and exercises for practical classes and independent work of students). INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1002499.

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The educational and methodological manual on the discipline "Psychological and pedagogical theories and technologies of primary education" includes the development of practical classes; a set of tasks and exercises of different types for performing in the course of classroom and extracurricular work in subgroups, pairs, individually; a set of diagnostic and control and evaluation materials. Using the tasks developed by the authors in the course of organizing independent work will allow you to build an individual learning trajectory for each student, implement a differentiated approach in practice, introduce modern technologies for evaluating the educational achievements of future teachers and identifying the level of professional competencies. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the bachelor's degree programs "Pedagogical education", "Psychological and pedagogical education".
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Strebeleva, Elena, Alla Zakrepina, Galina Mishina, et al. Special didactics of digital education for students with disabilities. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1971849.

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The monograph is devoted to the didactics of digital education, reflecting the realities of the time and the views of researchers on the possibilities and prospects of modern education of children with disabilities. Understanding the importance and role of digital education tools in the learning process will make it possible to effectively implement differentiated and individual approaches to teaching children with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their development and special educational needs.
 For students, postgraduates and teachers of pedagogical universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in teaching children with disabilities.
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Thorning, Christian. Danish EU Opt-Outs. Hart Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509980970.

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This book offers the first comprehensive legal study dedicated to the understanding of the Danish EU opt-outs. The impact of these is significant, falling as they do within Union citizenship, the euro, defense cooperation and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Through a re-examination of the opt-outs individually, collectively and temporally, the book sheds light on their legal design and their interplay between international law, EU law and national law. This pioneering book takes a legal-doctrinal approach, which provides readers with a solid understanding of the opt-outs. Academics, judges and European Union civil servants will find this invaluable. In 1992, the Danish electorate rejected the approval of the then new Maastricht Treaty. This meant that the anticipated European Union could not be established unless a special solution was found to accommodate the Danish concerns. Such a solution was agreed already in December 1992, which subsequently enabled the Maastricht Treaty to be ratified the following year. Denmark, however, was left with four opt-outs, on Union citizenship, the euro, defence cooperation and within the area of Justice and Home Affairs, now the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). Through a re-examination of the opt-outs individually, collectively and temporally, this book examines the complex legal journey they have undertaken as a consequence of the European integration process, and discusses their legal effects in EU law. Light is shed on the opt-outs’ interplay with international law, EU law and national (Danish) law, including the issue of referenda. New legal viewpoints and propositions are offered with a view to closing gaps in the legal understanding and eradicating misconceptions, some of which relate to a mix-up with the former special position of the United Kingdom and, as far as the AFSJ is concerned, the current opt-in position of Ireland. Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on the issue of exclusive external competence in light of the AFSJ opt-out is discussed, as is the role of the opt-out in relation to the Brexit agreements. The legal issues pertinent to the Danish abolition of the defence opt-out in June 2023 are accounted for. This book forms the first comprehensive analysis of the Danish opt-outs, and the author argues that they hold legal significance in EU law in several ways, including as a novelty in the evolution of EU treaty law as well as a contribution to differentiated integration with a twist of ’legal schizophrenia’; yet they should also be seen as a tool of their time and therefore not necessarily as templates that can be copy-pasted.
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Rodenhäuser, Tilman. Part II: Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821946.003.0009.

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‘Where are the good old days when everyone knew that human rights violations can only be committed by states against individuals?’1 Gone, replaced by a complex reality in which an exclusive focus on states as duty-bearers under international human rights law (IHRL) no longer provides an adequate model to address numerous human rights violations by non-state armed groups. Instead, states in United Nations (UN) organs or intergovernmental fora, as well as human rights experts, increasingly address demands to respect IHRL directly to armed groups. In order to conceptualize this development, this book raised three main arguments: (1) Contrary to the ‘received wisdom’, human rights may not only apply to the authority–individual relationship. Conceptually, they can also be understood as applying to the horizontal relationships between private actors. (2) While under IHRL treaty law it is primarily upon states to protect individuals against human rights violations by private actors, this obligation is limited if the state loses control over parts of its territory, or is otherwise unable to fulfil its obligations. In order to avoid a protection gap, IHRL obligations should be directly assigned to armed groups. (3) Contemporary international practice suggests that this requires a differentiated approach, taking account of the different nature and capacity of non-state armed groups. Assigning IHRL obligations to armed groups needs to complement and not substitute state obligations under the traditional state-centred human rights protection system....
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Watson, David, and Michael W. O'Hara. Understanding the Emotional Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199301096.001.0001.

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Understanding the Emotional Disorders: A Symptom-Based Approach examines replicable symptom dimensions contained within five adjacent diagnostic classes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews several problems and limitations associated with traditional, diagnosis-based approaches to studying psychopathology, and it establishes the theoretical and clinical value of analyzing specific types of symptoms within the emotional disorders. It demonstrates that several of these disorders—most notably, major depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—contain multiple symptom dimensions that clearly can be differentiated from one another. Moreover, these symptom dimensions are highly robust and generalizable and can be identified in multiple types of data, including self-ratings, semistructured interviews, and clinicians’ ratings. Furthermore, individual symptom dimensions often have strikingly different correlates, such as varying levels of criterion validity and diagnostic specificity. It concludes with the development of a more comprehensive, symptom-based model that subsumes various forms of psychopathology—including sleep disturbances, eating- and weight-related problems, personality pathology, psychosis/thought disorder, and hypochondriasis—beyond the emotional disorders.
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Kivlighan III, D. Martin, and Dennis M. Kivlighan. Treatment Modalities. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.28.

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In the first part of this chapter the focus is on research comparing the effectiveness (i.e., psychotherapy outcomes) of various treatment modalities: individual, group, couple, and family therapies. In the second section the discussion shifts to focus on research that examines therapy process similarities and differences across the various treatment modalities. The chapter includes a review of the research literature comparing individual, group, couple, and family treatments. Although there are numerous studies comparing treatment approaches (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy vs. psychodynamic therapy), far fewer studies have compared treatment modalities. For treatment outcome differences, a number of meta-analyses examining similarities and differences across treatment modalities are reviewed, summarized, and critiqued. Exploring differences in therapeutic processes involved reviewing, summarizing, and critiquing studies that examined similarities and differences in the character of the therapeutic alliance, helpful events, and therapist behaviors and techniques. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research. Two major approaches to new research are recommended: focus on treatment goals and systemic processes and an increased focus on the therapeutic processes that cut across and differentiate the treatment modalities
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Rolfe, Meredith, and Stephanie Chan. Voting and Political Participation. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.15.

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This chapter reviews the current literature’s findings on how political and social interactions shape voter turnout and other forms of political participation. Current studies, which use a wide range of methodological approaches, from natural experiments and surveys to mathematical modeling, have demonstrated that political networks are a crucial component of any analysis of political behavior. Debates over the potentially negative impact of political disagreement on participation have differentiated the negative impact of political isolation from the neutral impact of heterogenous political discussion environments, while also exploring factors that might moderate an individual’s response to disagreement. Many of the studies reviewed in this chapter reflect an increasing interest in how research design and analysis may be used to disentangle the various mechanisms through which networks might shape political behavior, as well as to distinguish between the relative impact of selection and influence.
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Nydegger, Rudy. Suicide and Mental Health. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216021247.

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Delving into a topic of perennial interest and concern, particularly among teenagers, this important volume addresses the full range of issues related to suicide and suggests ways to help those who struggle. While the risk of suicide is increasing across age groups, the good news is that with timely intervention, most suicides are preventable. Written primarily for high school and college students as well as for their teachers and parents, this guide combines relevant research and theories about suicide with current clinical thinking and approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Going beyond the clinical, the volume also explores suicide in history and in popular culture and examines relevant cultural, religious, moral, and ethical viewpoints. It looks at suicide among various demographic groups, probes psychological motivations and methods used, and discusses the controversy surrounding a person's right to die. What differentiates this work from others is that it covers the breadth of the subject but also considers issues in enough depth to make their importance and complexity clear. Readers will better understand the problem of suicide, its impact, and the approaches that can be used to prevent suicide and deal more effectively with at-risk individuals.
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Domínguez-Redondo, Elvira. In Defense of Politicization of Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197516706.001.0001.

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International human rights mechanisms’ efficiency is normally linked to the work of independent experts keen to push the boundaries of accountability, against recalcitrant states determined to defend their sovereignty. As a corollary, progress in this field is associated with the creation and maintenance of political free spaces. Another common presumption, rather than fact, is a belief in a differentiated “North” versus “South” approach to the promotion and protection of human rights, that finds solid ground within the prevalent human rights discourses repeated by governmental and non-governmental actors. Through the lenses of the UN Special Procedures, In Defense of Politicization of Human Rights: The UN Special Procedures challenges these and other presumptions informing doctrinal studies, policies, and strategies to advance international human rights. In seeking to debunk commonly held views about the role of politics in human rights at the international level, this book constitutes the first comprehensive study of the Special Procedures as a system covering their history, methods of work, institutional status, and relationship with other politically driven organs and processes affecting their development. The perspective chosen to analyze the human rights mechanisms most vulnerable to political decisions determining their creation, renewal, and operationalization casts a new light on the extent to which these remain the cornerstone of global accountability in protecting the inherent dignity and worth of individuals as well as groups.
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Meretoja, Hanna. The Ethics of Storytelling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649364.001.0001.

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Against the backdrop of the polarized debate on the ethical significance of storytelling, this book develops a nuanced framework for exploring the ethical complexity of the roles narratives play in human lives. Focusing on how narratives enlarge and diminish the spaces of possibilities in which people act, think, and reimagine the world, it proposes a theoretical-analytical framework for engaging with both the ethical potential and the risks of storytelling. It elaborates a narrative hermeneutics that treats narratives as culturally mediated interpretative practices that can be oppressive, empowering, or both, and argues that the relationship between narrative unconscious and narrative imagination shapes one’s sense of the possible. Its hermeneutic narrative ethics differentiates between six dimensions of narratives’ ethical potential: they can cultivate a sense of the possible; promote self-understanding; enable understanding other lives non-subsumptively in their singularity; transform narrative in-betweens; develop the capacity for perspective-taking; and function as forms of ethical inquiry. These aspects are analyzed in dialogue with literary and autobiographical narratives that deal with the legacy of the Second World War by problematizing the adequacy of the perpetrator–victim dichotomy—exploring how it is as dialogic storytellers, fundamentally vulnerable, interdependent, and implicated in violent histories, that individuals and communities become who they are. The book brings into dialogue narrative ethics, literary narrative studies, narrative psychology, narrative philosophy, and cultural memory studies. It develops narrative hermeneutics as a philosophically rigorous, historically sensitive, and analytically subtle approach to the ethical stakes of the debate on the narrative dimension of human existence.
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Book chapters on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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Gheyssens, Esther, Júlia Griful-Freixenet, and Katrien Struyven. "Differentiated Instruction as an Approach to Establish Effective Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms." In Effective Teaching Around the World. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31678-4_30.

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AbstractDifferentiated Instruction has been promoted as a model to create more inclusive classrooms by addressing individual learning needs and maximizing learning opportunities. Whilst differentiated instruction was originally interpreted as a set of teaching practices, theories now consider differentiated instruction rather a pedagogical model with philosophical and practical components than the simple act of differentiating. However, do teachers also consider differentiated instruction as a model of teaching? This chapter is based on a doctoral thesis that adopted differentiated instruction as an approach to establish effective teaching in inclusive classrooms. The first objective of the dissertation focused on how differentiated instruction is perceived by teachers and resulted in the DI-Quest model. This model, based on a validated questionnaire towards differentiated instruction, pinpoints different factors that explain differences in the adoption of differentiated instruction. The second objective focused on how differentiated instruction is implemented. This research consisted of four empirical studies using two samples of teachers and mixed method. The results of four empirical studies of this dissertation are discussed and put next to other studies and literature about differentiation. The conclusions highlight the importance of teachers’ philosophy when it comes to implementing differentiated instruction, the importance of perceiving and implementing differentiated instruction as a pedagogical model and the importance and complexity of professional development with regard to differentiated instruction.
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López-Pintado, Orlenys, and Marlon Dumas. "Business Process Simulation with Differentiated Resources: Does it Make a Difference?" In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16103-2_24.

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AbstractBusiness process simulation is a versatile technique to predict the impact of one or more changes on the performance of a process. Mainstream approaches in this space suffer from various limitations, some stemming from the fact that they treat resources as undifferentiated entities grouped into resource pools. These approaches assume that all resources in a pool have the same performance and share the same availability calendars. Previous studies have acknowledged these assumptions, without quantifying their impact on simulation model accuracy. This paper addresses this gap in the context of simulation models automatically discovered from event logs. The paper proposes a simulation approach and a method for discovering simulation models, wherein each resource is treated as an individual entity, with its own performance and availability calendar. An evaluation shows that simulation models with differentiated resources more closely replicate the distributions of cycle times and the work rhythm in a process than models with undifferentiated resources.
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Akcam, Halil, and Volker Lohweg. "Pollen Classification Based on Binary 2D Projections of Pollen Grains." In Technologien für die intelligente Automation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64283-2_20.

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AbstractPollen is one of the main causes of allergic diseases in humans. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop and conduct effective treatment and prevention measures. For this purpose, detailed and differentiated information about the respective local exposure profiles for the individual patients is required. The present paper serves the purpose of testing a new approach which aims at detecting and classifying individual pollen grains by using binary 2D projection. This paper explores the question of whether and to what extent a classification of individual pollen grains is possible using this new imaging technology. To this end, using artificial pollen grains, binary 2D projections with different levels of resolution are simulated. To extract the respective features, both shape-based Fourier descriptors and topological features are used. Apart from that, Zernike moments for different orders are measured to extract the respective characteristics of the pollen grains. While the feature selection is conducted by means of a feature forward selection method, a kernel machine (Support Vector Machine) with a Gaussian kernel is used for the classification. First results of the simulation show that with a resolution of 0.1 μm, 100% of the allergologically relevant artificial pollen are classified correctly. Conversely, a lower resolution corresponds with a higher error rate in the classification.
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Krafft, Andreas M., JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji, Rajneesh Choubisa, et al. "Trust, Social Support and Hope Resources." In Hope across cultures. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24412-4_6.

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AbstractThe current chapter is dedicated to the exploration of different sources and activities of hope across countries. In particular, we explore how these serve as expressions of trust and confidence in the availability of resources, nourishing the belief in the feasibility and supporting the realization of wished-for goods considered to be possible, although not necessarily probable. Following an interdisciplinary approach, we integrated perspectives from the disciplines of Positive Psychology, Risk Management, and the Philosophy of Hope to elucidate the difference between trust and confidence. We further differentiate between perceived hope, on the one hand, and dispositional hope and optimism, on the other, backed in this interdisciplinary approach. Using data from the Hope Barometer in 2018 and 2019 we investigated the role of internal and external sources and activities of hope in two studies. Study 1 comprised 12 countries (N = 10,193) and aimed to analyze several personal and external hope sources with a specific focus on social support, religiosity and the feeling of luck in relation to hope. Study 2 was performed with 8 samples from 7 countries (N = 6245), centering on the assessment of several hope activities and their effects on perceived hope. Our findings highlight the importance of social, religious and other external factors of hope, demonstrate the differential nature of perceived and dispositional hope, and show significant differences between countries regarding the role of trust in individual capabilities, in emotional and instrumental support as well as in religious/spiritual experiences and practices.
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"Presenting a Differentiated Approach to Curriculum Development." In Differentiated Instructional Design for Multicultural Environments. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5106-5.ch003.

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In this chapter, there will be a presentation of information on the development process of differentiated curriculum. Differentiated curriculum can be beneficial for the traditional and online classroom. Since a differentiated curriculum is developed unique for the student population, this is particularly useful for a multicultural student population. A differentiated lesson approach can be used to motivate students because of a unique approach to the lesson. Also by using differentiated lessons and models lesson preparation is a unique process for each different learning style. When working with a multicultural group of students it is necessary to setup an individual plan for each student focusing on the students learning style and profile. Following are key areas that will be discussed in this chapter; A differentiated approach to curriculum development, theoretical models that support differentiated learning, determining the learning style for differentiation. (multicultural), aligning the topic of study with differentiated learning, developing a plan to address the learning style using a differentiated approach. (multicultural) and encouraging students to interact and provide feedback for students. (multicultural)
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Krohne, Heinz W. "Individual Differences in Emotional Reactions and Coping." In Handbook of Affective Sciences. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126013.003.0036.

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Abstract Researchers in the emotions domain have always been concerned with individual differences in emotional reactions. Early in antiquity, the Greek physician Hippocrates developed the idea that chemical processes in the body (described by so-called body fluids or “humores”) lead to the manifestation of four temperaments—phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric, and melancholic. These temperaments, in turn, should form the person-specific basis for emotional reactions. These speculations not only influenced poetry, philosophy, and medicine of later centuries but also had an impact on early modern psychology theories. Wundt (1903) turned the temperament typology into a dimensional system. He suggested one can differentiate among individuals by the speed and intensity of their emotional arousal. By combining two levels of each dimension (slow/fast and weak/strong), he created a system of person-specific emotional reaction tendencies that closely corresponded to the four temperaments of Hippocrates. (Cholerics, for example, should be characterized by fast and strong emotional arousal, while phlegmatics are described by the opposite pattern.) In a more modern approach, H. J. Eysenck (1981) explicitly related his central personality dimensions extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-lability (or neuroticism) to Wundt’s reformulation of the antique model of temperaments. Although modern physiology, endocrinology, and personality psychology view these temperamental approaches as inappropriate simplifications, there is no doubt that the speed, intensity, duration, and—very likely—quality of elicited emotions depend to a great degree on certain person-specific characteristics (cf. Frijda, 1986; Pervin, 1993). In the following sections I will present a number of these relationships. In analyzing individual differences in emotional reactions, two perspectives can be differentiated. The descriptive perspective concentrates on the registration of individual differences in emotional reactions and tests these differences for transtemporal and cross-situational consistency. Thus, stable individual-specific emotional reaction patterns are the personality variables under study (cf. Fahrenberg, 1986). The explicative perspective, on the other hand, searches for person-specific determinants of certain emotional reactions, such as anxiety, anger, or sadness. Research on individual differences in emotional reactions (descriptive perspective) and on individual differences in the determinants of these reactions (explicative perspective) form no dichotomy but a continuum of approaches with an increasingly stronger foundation in elaborated psychological (especially personality) concepts. Thus, early approaches—for example, Lacey’s work on individual-specific response patterns (Lacey, 1950; for more details see next section)—concentrated on individual differences in comparatively stable constellations of certain physiological reactions without proposing explanations of these differences in terms of personality concepts.
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Green, Jeffrey Edward. "A Rebel Rebelling against the Rebellion." In Bob Dylan. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197651742.003.0002.

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Abstract Part I examines the conflict between individual freedom and justice. Although Dylan was hailed in the 1960s as an inspirer of social justice movements and an icon of self-reliant individuality, his most distinct prophetic gesture in this period was to testify, at the very height of the civil rights movement, that for him these two ends—devotion to social justice and devotion to the free use of individuality—are in insoluble conflict, with one coming at the expense of the other. Dylan does not ultimately teach whether to choose individual freedom or social justice, but he does inspire those who themselves embody this conflict—the bourgeois—to achieve self-consciousness and to practice self-reliance without the self-satisfaction, triumphalism, and complacency that typically have accompanied it. In establishing Dylan’s distinctiveness in this regard, Part I differentiates Dylan’s approach from other thinkers of self-reliance (Emerson and Thoreau), from activists such as Martin Luther King Jr., and from the radical folk tradition Dylan inherited.
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Arce, Moisés, Michael S. Hendricks,, and Marc S. Polizzi. "Understanding Opposition to and Support for Resource Extraction." In The Roots of Engagement. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197639672.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter reviews the contributions of the existing literature and shows how an approach based on individual attitudes fills important gaps in the current scholarship. It develops the theoretical arguments about social engagement and how it helps to differentiate individuals who oppose mining from those who support these activities. It emphasizes what individuals get from participation in local organizations (e.g., critical information about mining threats, empowerment, a community worldview free of mining) and how these outcomes work to shape or reinforce views about mining. The chapter also situates the threats and opportunities presented by mining by drawing attention to the nature of claims over extractive activities, which we categorized as either rejection or redistribution claims. The chapter concludes by explaining the selection of case studies and the research methodology informing the empirical analysis.
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Milne, Alisoun. "The Lifecourse And Old Age." In Critical Gerontology for Social Workers, edited by Sandra Torres and Sarah Donnelly. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447360445.003.0002.

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This chapter draws attention to the fact that the life course is both a lived experience and a conceptual frame of reference. A predominant theme when keeping the life course at the forefront of our inquiries is that stages in life are not necessarily standardised or chronologically fixed but are subject to a variety of social, historical and cultural influences. It is the linkage between the individual experience of ageing, on the one hand, and the social and historical contexts within which individual ageing occurs on the other, that differentiates the life course approach from the individual-level life cycle approach. As a field, critical gerontology is strongly influenced by the life course perspective, and the idea that life experiences, which are inevitably organised by social relationships and embedded in socioeconomic contexts, powerfully influence how people grow old. The chapter emphasises the power of linked lives and shines a spotlight on the significance of age, not only as a property of individuals but also as a product of social structure.
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Burns, David J., Debra K. Mooney, and Kathy S. Schwaig. "The Role of a Chief Mission Officer in Maintaining Mission in Schools and Colleges of Business." In Mission-Driven Approaches in Modern Business Education. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4972-7.ch007.

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In the present competitive environment, it is becoming increasingly important for schools and colleges of business to establish distinctive identities to differentiate themselves from their competition and to provide unique offerings to best prepare their students to be adept contributors in their future careers. The missions of schools and colleges of business play a key role in this endeavor. Once identified, however, maintaining a unique identity can be more difficult than initially establishing one. This chapter proposes the use of chief mission officers (CMOs) as key individuals or groups of individuals as a means to ensure continuing integrity of the mission of a school or college of business to facilitate the maintenance of a distinct position in the marketplace.
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Conference papers on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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Ponikarova, V. N., and T. N. Pokudina. "Features of an individually differentiated approach in the formation teacher coping behavior." In General question of world science. "Наука России", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-03-2019-07.

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Malinochka, Alena. "Information and communication technologies as a means of implementing an individually differentiated approach in working with gifted children of primary school." In II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of students, teachers, practitioners "Education-Science-Practice". Autonomous Non-Profit Educational Organization of Higher Education "Kuban Institute of Vocational Education", 2025. https://doi.org/10.64007/conferencearticle_683d99f00673f1.95961724.

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The article describes the relevance of using digital tools, which open up new opportunities for personalized learning, allowing to adapt educational material to the individual needs of the child. In this regard, an overview of current examples of the use of information and communication technologies as a means of implementing an individually differentiated approach when working with gifted primary school children has been conducted.
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Alan, Ilemin N. "AN EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF TURKEY IN THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5106.

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Climate change is a global emergency. Each country's efforts and responses to climate change are of significance individually. The dynamics behind their attitudes are needed to be understood to harmonize global response. Turkey is of a different legal approach than the international community generally. For instance, it is the only G20 country that is not a party to the Paris Agreement. Also, the legal perspective of Turkey is of particular significance for the European Union to achieve its targets. Thus, the question of international legal steps taken and the next steps by Turkey arises. To evaluate this situation, the legal frameworks are analyzed with specific reference to Turkey. It was found that Turkey has been demanding to be recognized as a developing country in the international climate instruments. Although Turkey put some afford to act against climate change, it was not seen as adequate by scientific reports. Also, international and regional human rights instruments have been invoked by individuals for the current policies of Turkey and legal proceedings were started. For an efficient response to climate change, key points regarding common but differentiated responsibilities, the relationships between international and national laws, and the importance of laws with comparing regulations and political instruments are addressed to see how these points can inform recommendations. It is concluded that the ratification of the Paris Agreement is required in the first place. Then, enriched legal perspective in international law, and new specific climate laws in national laws are a necessity to provide a meaningful legal response to this global threat. It is hoped that other legal systems may benefit from analyzing its legal perspective. Every country needs to contribute to the shared enterprise of combatting climate change if the future of humanity and the natural world is to be assured. Keywords: Climate Change, Turkey, International Law, the Paris Agreement
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Novikova, Viktoriia Vladimirovna. "A differentiated approach to the prevention of emotional burnout among preschool teachers of a combined type." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31483/r-138420.

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The article deals with the problem of emotional burnout of teachers of preschool educational institutions (pre-school) of a combined type working with children with special educational needs. Modern research in the field of labor psychology, pedagogy and stress management is analyzed, and the need for a differentiated approach to the prevention of professional burnout is substantiated. A model of differentiated prevention is proposed, taking into account the individual and professional characteristics of educators.
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Spiridonova, Maya. "FORMATION OF KEY COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND DIFFERENTIATED APPROACHES." In NORDSCI Conference on Social Sciences. SAIMA CONSULT LTD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2018/b1/v1/11.

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Devendorf, Margaret, and Kemper Lewis. "Designing a Product Package Platform." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28888.

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An essential part of designing a successful product family is establishing a recognizable, familiar, product family identity. It is very often the case that consumers first identify products based on their physical embodiment. The Apple iPod, DeWalt power tools, and KitchenAid appliances are all examples of product families that have successfully branded themselves based on physical principles. While physical branding is often the first trait apparent to designers, there are some products that cannot be differentiated based on physical appearance. This is especially common for consumable products. For example, it is impossible to differentiate between diet Coke, Classic Coke, and Pepsi when each is poured into separate glasses. When differentiation is difficult to achieve from a product’s physical characteristics, the product’s package becomes a vital part of establishing branding and communicating membership to a product family while maintaining individual product identity. In this paper, product packaging is investigated with a focus on the graphic packaging components that identify product families. These components include: color, shape, typography, and imagery. Through the application of tools used in facilities layout planning, graph theory, social network theory, and display design theory an approach to determine an optimal arrangement of graphic components is achieved. This approach is validated using a web based survey that tracks user-package interactions across a range of commonly used cereal boxes.
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Podviaznikova, Daria Dmitrievna, and Tatiana Aleksandrovna Kurako. "The development of self-esteem in primary school age." In II Сollection of articles. Publishing house Sreda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21833.

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This article discusses the development of self-esteem in primary school age, its changes and factors of self-esteem in students from the first to fourth grades. The article gives the concept of self-esteem. The authors note that the primary school teacher should take into account the psychological, individual and differentiated approach to learning. Self-assessment of a junior schoolchild is an unstable phenomenon and becomes differentiated. This is manifested in the emergence of the emotional orientation of the general self-esteem and the child's ability to self-assess.
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Nadri, Chihab, Hamza Al Matar, Spencer Morrison, et al. "Neurodivergence in Sound: Sonification as a Tool for Mental Health Awareness." In ICAD 2023: The 28th International Conference on Auditory Display. International Community for Auditory Display, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2023.7111.

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The need to build greater mental health awareness as an important factor in decreasing stigma surrounding individuals with neurodivergent conditions has led to the development of programs and activities that seek to increase mental health awareness. Using a sonification approach with neural activity can effectively convey an individual’s psychological and mental characteristics in a simple and intuitive manner. In this study, we developed a sonification algorithm that alters existing music clips according to fMRI data corresponding to the salience network activity from neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals with schizophrenia. We conducted an evaluation of these sonifications with 24 participants. Results indicate that participants were able to differentiate between sound clips stemming from different neurological conditions and that participants gained increased awareness of schizophrenia through this brief intervention. Findings indicate sonification could be an effective tool in raising mental health awareness and relate neurodivergence to a neurotypical audience.
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Zheglova, A. V. "HYGIENIC APPROACHES TO CORPORATE PROGRAMS FORMATION FOR WORKERS’ HEALTH PRESERVATION." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-176-180.

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The health of workers is determined not only by the risks present in the workplace, but also by social and individual factors, as well as the availability and quality of medical care. In order to develop corporate programs to preserve the health of various professional groups, the study of working conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, morbidity, clinical and functional examination and neuropsychological testing of 658 workers in the industrial and non-industrial spheres was carried out. Priority factors contributing to the development of various health disorders have been identified. Differentiated approaches to the formation of preventive programs for each professional group have been developed and their effectiveness has been shown.
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Yannou, Bernard, Jiliang Wang, Ndrianarilala Rianantsoa, et al. "Usage Coverage Model for Choice Modeling: Principles." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87534.

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Accurately capturing the future demand for a given product is a hard task in today’s new product development initiatives. As customers become more market-savvy and markets continue fragment, current demand models could greatly benefit from exploiting the rich contextual information that exists in customers’ product usage. As such, we propose a Usage Coverage Model (UCM) as a more thorough means to quantify and capture customer demand by utilizing factors of usage context in order to inform an integrated engineering design and choice modeling approach. We start by presenting the principles of the UCM model: terms, definitions, variable classes and relation classes so as to obtain a common usage language. The usage model exhibits the ability to differentiate between individuals’ product performance experiences. With Discrete Choice Analysis, individuals’ performance with a given product is compared against that of competitive products, capturing individual customers’ choice behavior and thereby creating an effective model of product demand. As a demonstration of our methods, we apply our model in a case study regarding the general task of cutting a wood board with a jigsaw tool. We conclude by presenting the scope of future work for the case study and the contribution of the entire current and future work to the field as a whole.
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Reports on the topic "Individually differentiated approach"

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ZATONA, D. S., and I. V. SHATOKHINA. METHODICAL APPROACHES AND EXPERIENCE OF THE FORMATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE UNIVERSAL LEARNING SKILLS OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES (LITERATURE REVIEW). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-2-71-79.

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The article is devoted to the problem of formation of communicative universal learning skills of junior schoolchildren in the process of primary lingual education. The authors consider the organization of communicative interaction of the agents of the educational process at the lessons using digital technologies to be one of the important conditions for solving this problem. The article contains a theoretical review of researches on the role and capabilities of those technologies in both lingual education and the development of primary school students. The components of digital technologies, the use of which at the lessons of native language contributes to the development of students’ communicative skills are described in the article. The authors also analyze and summarize the experience of using digital technologies at native language lessons by primary school teachers. The researchers conclude that the use of various opportunities of the modern digital educational environment allows individual teaching methods and differentiated approach to students, creating opportunities for the development of their communicative skills and abilities.
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Vakaliuk, Tetiana A., Valerii V. Kontsedailo, Dmytro S. Antoniuk, Olha V. Korotun, Iryna S. Mintii, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Using game simulator Software Inc in the Software Engineering education. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3762.

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The article presents the possibilities of using game simulator Sotware Inc in the training of future software engineer in higher education. Attention is drawn to some specific settings that need to be taken into account when training in the course of training future software engineers. More and more educational institutions are introducing new teaching methods, which result in the use of engineering students, in particular, future software engineers, to deal with real professional situations in the learning process. The use of modern ICT, including game simulators, in the educational process, allows to improve the quality of educational material and to enhance the educational effects from the use of innovative pedagogical programs and methods, as it gives teachers additional opportunities for constructing individual educational trajectories of students. The use of ICT allows for a differentiated approach to students with different levels of readiness to study. A feature of any software engineer is the need to understand the related subject area for which the software is being developed. An important condition for the preparation of a highly qualified specialist is the independent fulfillment by the student of scientific research, the generation, and implementation of his idea into a finished commercial product. In the process of research, students gain knowledge, skills of the future IT specialist and competences of the legal protection of the results of intellectual activity, technological audit, marketing, product realization in the market of innovations. Note that when the real-world practice is impossible for students, game simulators that simulate real software development processes are an alternative.
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Barash, Itamar, and Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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