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Books on the topic 'Individuell skillnad'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Baker-Bates, Piers, and Irene Brooke, eds. Portrait Cultures of the Early Modern Cardinal. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725514.

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The visual legacy of early modern cardinals constitutes a vast and extremely rich body of artworks, many of superb quality, in a variety of media, often by well-known artists and skilled craftsmen. Yet cardinal portraits have primarily been analyzed within biographical studies of the represented individual, in relation to the artists who created them, or within the broader genre of portraiture. Portrait Cultures of the Early Modern Cardinal addresses questions surrounding the production, collection, and status of the cardinal portrait, covering diverse geographies and varied media. Examining t

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2

United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for an additional payment for services provided to certain high-cost individuals under the prospective payment system for skilled nursing facility services, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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3

Li-Huang, Rebecca. The Psychology of High Net Worth Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0010.

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This chapter takes an economic view of the investment behavior of high net worth individuals (HNWIs), including: the psychological aspects of private wealth and the practice of wealth management, the current trends affecting the players and markets, and empirical findings on wealth creation and distribution that have fueled policy debates. As the chapter shows, wealth concentrations and scarcity of skills have attributed to institutional advantages for HNWIs and the highly skilled, including higher returns on physical and human capital investments. Besides achieving financial returns, HNWIs wa

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4

Berufsbiographie und Arbeitsmarktkrise: Eine Untersuchung zu individuellen Arbeitsmarktstrategien von Facharbeiten. Leske + Budrich, 1991.

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5

Cocohoba, Jennifer. The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0024.

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Medications for HIV have become more convenient but not less complex. For this reason, having a clinical pharmacist as a part of the health care team can greatly enhance the care of HIV-positive patients. HIV pharmacists are a diverse group of providers who work to improve the health of HIV-positive individuals via medication therapy management, quality assurance practices, research, and other avenues. HIV pharmacists may be particularly skilled at managing complex antiretroviral drug–drug interactions, recommending therapies for resistant HIV virus, and providing education and support with re

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6

Ewers, Michael C., and Ryan Dicce. High-Skilled Migration and the Attractiveness of Cities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the relationship between highly skilled international migration and urban–regional development. We describe how this mobility–urbanization nexus is conditioned by the various scalar actors. The locational preference-seeking of high-skilled workers gives insight into the individual determinants of migration. Meanwhile, the hiring and recruitment practices of local and international firms further conditions these outcomes. As the ultimate regulator of economic activity and labour mobility, the state further alters the context in which firms and labour operate. Together, the

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7

Wickham, James. International Skill Flows and Migration. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.27.

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Migrants are increasingly skilled. Historically British emigration was disproportionately skilled and new comparative OECD data shows the continuing brain drain from Europe to the USA. However skilled migration is best understood as skilled mobility not migration: permanent settlement in a destination country is a limiting case within a multiplicity of movements exemplified by the international commuting of the financial services elite. Immigration policies increasingly attempt to attract the best and the brightest. Rising mobility is driven by firms’ recruitment policies, but also by individu

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8

Heuer, Jan-Ocko, and Steffen Mau. Stretching the Limits of Solidarity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790266.003.0002.

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Germany had already made major reforms to social policy before the Great Recession. It had moved away from the traditional corporatist breadwinner welfare state model towards greater individual responsibility (private pensions and workfarist reforms, with sharp benefit cuts), and much more extensive support for childcare. Social investment and training measures have been much strengthened. These measures, carried out within a general framework of austerity and retrenchment, had increased employment, although the expansion in work since the early 2000s was mainly in low-skilled precarious jobs.

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9

Nolan, Jerry P., and Jasmeet Soar. Airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0059.

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The most appropriate strategy for managing the airway during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on the skills of the rescuer. Tracheal intubation is probably the optimal method for securing the airway, but only when undertaken by a highly-skilled individual. In the absence of a skilled intubator, insertion of a supraglottic airway device (SAD) is probably the best way of managing the airway during CPR. Some recent observation studies have suggested worse outcomes for cardiac arrest patients managed with a SAD compared with those receiving tracheal intubation. Such studies are likely t

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10

Zamarian, L., and Margarete Delazer. Arithmetic Learning in Adults. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.007.

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Neuroimaging has significantly contributed to our understanding of human learning by tracking the neural correlates underlying the acquisition of new expertise. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggest that the acquisition of arithmetic competence is reflected in a decrease of activation in frontal brain regions and a relative increase of activation in parietal brain regions that are important for arithmetic processing. Activation of the angular gyrus (AG) is related to fact learning, skilled retrieval, and level of automatization. fMRI investigations extend the findi

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11

Preston, Katherine K. George Frederick Bristow. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043420.001.0001.

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George Frederick Bristow (1825-1898), a pillar of the nineteenth-century New York musical community, was educated, lived, and worked in New York for his entire life. A skilled performer (piano, organ, violin, conducting), he was a decades-long member of the Philharmonic Societies of New York and Brooklyn, and conducted the Harmonic Society, Mendelssohn Union, numerous church choirs, and pickup choral and instrumental ensembles organized for special events. He taught music privately and in the public school system. Bristow’s professional activities were those of a highly skilled urban journeyma

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12

Reed, Christopher Robert. Cultural and Aesthetic Expressions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036231.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the cultural undergirding that made the Jazz Age what it was. The performing arts—which included instrumental music, choral music, and individual vocal presentations—dominated creative performance in Chicago. Mastery of the voice heard in sopranos, tenors, baritones, and basses accompanied widespread mastery of the piano. As a result, highly skilled musicians abounded. In the second decade of the century, ragtime, blues, and jazz emerged. Black groups performed throughout the city in concert halls such as the downtown district's Orchestra Hall and Auditorium Theater, in

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13

Hogh-Olesen, Henrik. The Aesthetic Animal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927929.001.0001.

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The Aesthetic Animal answers the ultimate questions of why we adorn ourselves; embellish our things and surroundings; and produce art, music, song, dance, and fiction. Humans are aesthetic animals that spend vast amounts of time and resources on seemingly useless aesthetic activities. However, nature would not allow a species to waste precious time and effort on activities completely unrelated to the survival, reproduction, and well-being of that species. Consequently, the aesthetic impulse must have some important biological functions. An impulse is a natural, internal behavioral incentive th

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14

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Thomas J. Palmeri. An Exemplar-Based Random-Walk Model of Categorization and Recognition. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.7.

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In this chapter, we provide a review of a process-oriented mathematical model of categorization known as the exemplar-based random-walk (EBRW) model (Nosofsky & Palmeri, 1997a). The EBRW model is a member of the class of exemplar models. According to such models, people represent categories by storing individual exemplars of the categories in memory, and classify objects on the basis of their similarity to the stored exemplars. The EBRW model combines ideas ranging from the fields of choice and similarity, to the development of automaticity, to response-time models of evidence accumulation

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15

Blonigen, Daniel M., John W. Finney, Paula L. Wilbourne, and Rudolf H. Moos. Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0023.

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The most effective psychosocial modalities for treating substance use disorders are cognitive-behavioral interventions, motivational interviewing and motivational enhancement, contingency management, community reinforcement, behavioral couples and family therapies, and 12-step facilitation approaches. The foci of these interventions include substance use behavior, patients’ life contexts, and their social and personal resources. Limited evidence is available for these interventions’ differential effectiveness. Brief interventions are highly effective in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

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16

Pizzorno, Joseph. The Role of Supplements in Integrative Preventive Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0012.

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Foods common in our diet today, produced through modern agricultural methods and often processed, contain an inherently low ratio of nutrients in proportion to calories. The standards used to determine nutrient adequacy are flawed, especially considering the huge variations in individual nutrient needs. Nutritional deficiencies in the general population are much more common than generally recognized, and skilled nutritional supplementation is important for maintaining and optimizing health; therefore, expert use of nutritional supplements is a critical skill for integrative medicine doctors. T

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17

Shanks, Trina R., Leslie Hollingsworth, and Patricia L. Miller. Building and Maintaining Community Capacity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.003.0007.

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Abstract: This chapter focuses on the work the UMSSW/TAC did to support development of neighborhood organizations, especially smaller nonprofits (NPOs) that did not have large budgets. This entailed a variety of strategies including workshops, a leadership academy designed specifically for NPOs, individual and small group consultations, coaching, and personnel resources including placing graduate student interns and VISTA volunteers. The chapter also summarizes initial recommendations for systems development to create a coordinated system of care in each neighborhood, with a focus on youth dev

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18

Nielsen, Kim E. The Perils and Promises of Disability Biography. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.2.

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Biographical scholarship provides a means by which to understand the past. Disability biography writes disabled people into historical narratives and cultural discourses, acknowledging power, action, and consequence. Disability biography also analyzes the role of ableism in shaping relationships, systems of power, and societal ideals. When written with skilled storytelling, rigorous study, nuance, and insight, disability biography enriches analyses of people living in the past. Disability biography makes clear the multiple ways by which individuals and communities labor, make kinship, persever

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19

Stalnaker, Aaron. Mastery, Dependence, and the Ethics of Authority. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052300.001.0001.

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This book is an analysis of expertise and authority, and examines classical Confucian conceptions of mastery, dependence, and human relationships in order to suggest new approaches to these issues in ethics and political theory. Contemporary Westerners are heirs to multiple traditions that are suspicious of authority, especially coercive political authority. We are also increasingly wary of dependence, which now often seems to signify weakness, neediness, and unworthiness. Analysts commonly presume that both authority and dependence threaten human autonomy, and are thus intrinsically problemat

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20

Gitterman, Daniel P. The Politics of Supporting Low-Wage Workers and Families. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.017.

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This chapter highlights two policies that supplement the earnings of low-wage workers: the federal minimum wage and the earned income tax credit (EITC). The need for earnings supplements arises in part from the nature of the jobs held by less-skilled, low-wage workers. Such jobs are likely to be compensated on an hourly basis, not salaried, and are less likely to be full time. A focus on the minimum wage and the EITC contributes to—and expands our understanding of—the American welfare state in two ways. First, it looks beyond social insurance and public assistance, which have been considered t

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21

Duffy, Brooke Erin. Production Tensions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037962.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how convergence-related transformations are redefining what it means to be a magazine producer and how this differentiates those who work in magazine production from other individuals, organizations, and industries involved in the production of culture. It considers how these changes are leading to increased demands on workers, interorganizational tensions, and a professional culture that tends to favor certain types of people. It also explores whether this emergent professional culture has the potential to reproduce gender hierarchies and other social inequalities. The c

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22

Frost, Kellie, and Tim McNamara. Language Tests, Language Policy, and Citizenship. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.14.

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The role of language tests in immigration policy has attracted significant attention in recent years as the disruptive effects of globalisation are felt. Much of the research has focused on the situation in Europe, where societies that were traditionally not countries of immigration now have significant and increasing immigrant communities. Less attention has been paid to countries of immigration such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, which have sometimes encouraged immigration and have found it easier to embrace various forms of multiculturalism, despite some inevitabl

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23

Meyer, Stephen. Lost Manhood. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040054.003.0002.

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This chapter looks at how the mass-production work regime and the aggressive supervision of work all devalued and undermined an auto worker's sense of dignity and manhood. The brutal technical system established a highly controlled work environment of monotony and degradation. For skilled workers and those who aspired to such positions, the desired autonomy and control so essential for manly independence no longer existed. For others, the vicious speed-up, the endless fatigue, the absence of concern for health and safety, the abusive foremen and supervisors, and an uncivilized work environment

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24

Donald, Merlin. The Evolutionary Origins of Human Cultural Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0002.

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The term cultural memory describes a group’s shared experience, skill, and knowledge that is retained and updated through time. Individual memory has its social roots in this system. Although resources are distributed across different minds in the network, they must all obey the standards of thought and behavior imposed by belonging to it. As such, no single person can carry the burden of the system alone and thus has only modest possibilities of changing it. Cultural memory has evolved in relation to embodied, narrative, and institutional modes of representation. Humans became skilled before

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25

Dunphy, Kim. Theorizing Arts Participation as a Social Change Mechanism. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.16.

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This chapter analyses theories about how social change can be effected through participation in the arts. A theory of change lens applied to the literature results in identification of three broad types of change processes: social/civic action, in which the major change strategy is influencing of public opinion and decision-making through arts activities; the community cultural development approach in which change occurs at a community level, as a result of creative social interaction between arts participants; and finally, the therapeutic paradigm, in which change is elicited in individuals t

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26

Hines, James R. Skating for an Audience. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039065.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the evolution of show skating. Show skating is neither new nor unique. Its roots can be traced back farther than competitive skating. In Victorian England, gentlemen amateurs tell of interested observers who watched in amazement as they traced their figures, and they admit that their egos swelled with pride when spectators watched them go through their paces. That was amateur skating at its best, albeit with an element of showing off to those less skilled. Jackson Haines, however, skated professionally in the United States and Canada before moving permanently to Europe t

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27

Stivale, Charles J. Hannibal aux aguets: On the Lookout for New Rencontres. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0011.

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In L’Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze, a 1988-9 video interview, Deleuze discusses with Claire Parnet the crucial link between creativity, the very possibility of thinking, and animality, through the practice of “être aux aguets” (being on the lookout) for rencontres. This chapter considers how this constitutes the essential practice of the character of Hannibal Lecter, created by Thomas Harris in several novels (Red Dragon, Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Hannibal Rising) and, more recently, portrayed in the commercial television series “Hannibal” by Mads Mikkelsen. Hannibal is portrayed as a hig

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28

Ben-Shahar, Omri, and Ariel Porat. Personalized Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197522813.001.0001.

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We live in a world of one-size-fits-all law. People are different, but the laws that govern them are uniform. “Personalized Law”—rules that vary person by person—will change that. Here is a vision of a brave new world, where each person is bound by their own personally tailored law. “Reasonable person” standards would be replaced by a multitude of personalized commands, each individual with their own “reasonable you” rule. Skilled doctors would be held to higher standards of care; the most vulnerable consumers and employees would receive stronger protections; age restrictions for driving or fo

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29

Gallagher, Shaun. Enactivist Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.001.0001.

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Enactivist Interventions explores central issues in the contemporary debates about embodied cognition, addressing interdisciplinary questions about intentionality, representation, affordances, the role of affect, and the problems of perception and cognitive penetration, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. It argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It interprets enactivism as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation

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30

Fedyukin, Igor. The Enterprisers. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845001.001.0001.

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The Enterprisers traces the emergence of “modern” school in Russia during the reigns of Peter I and his immediate successors, up to the accession of Catherine II. The efforts to “educate” Russia represent a trademark of Peter I’s reign and reformist program, and innovations in schooling in Russia in the eighteenth century have traditionally been presented as a top-down, state-driven process. As with many other facets of the emerging early modern state, the Petrine-era school usually appears as the product of the practical needs of the tsar’s new “regular” army, which demanded skilled technical

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