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1
Goeltom, Miranda Swaray. "Balance Sheet Vulnerability and Macroeconomic Management in Indonesia." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2013): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5575.
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The economic and financial crises hitting Indonesia in 1997 have triggered a significant economic downturn. A critical issue addressed is how common shocks during crisis period have brought about macroeconomic outcome. The paper briefly discusses the problems, response and lessons learnt in the country’s effort to restore the economy to its long-term potential growth path. By examining balance sheet conditions across sectors in the economy, it is shown that even though some progress has been achieved, overall balance sheet conditions are still vulnerable to further shocks that may hit the economy, so that efforts to restore economic growth and stability face substantial challenges. Considering these constraints, Indonesian macroeconomic policy makers focus their efforts on strengthening financial markets, among others, by developing bond markets and implementing banking architecture. However, various constraints will remain unless the government speeds up the necessary reforms, mostly institutional in nature.
2
Kurniawati, Tri, Naili Sa’ida, Wahono Wahono, and Panji Hermoyo. "Peningkatan Produktivitas Pengusaha Tempe." Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/aks.v2i2.2406.
Abstract:
The economic crisis hit the world which had a direct impact to worsen economic conditions in Indonesia. Economic conditions from 1997 to 1998, only MSMEs were able to survive. One form of MSMEs in rural areas is tempe business. Tempe is one of the original foods from Indonesia, which comes from fermented soybeans. Tempe is a daily food consumed by almost all Indonesian people. Tempe is a food that is consumed almost every day by people in the Pilangkenceng sub-district. Most are consumed as side dishes and are also used as souvenirs (tempe chips). Community service activities include holding meetings, conducting FGDs, handing over tools and monitoring. The results of this assistance include 2 aspects, namely management aspects and production aspects. Conclusion The Community Partnership Program needs to be done as the role of lecturers to improve the community Community Partnership Program is able to increase the amount of production and competitiveness of Partners.
3
Safitri, Rina, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto, and Sri Sulistijowati Handajani. "Model Deteksi Krisis Indonesia dengan Indikator Suku Bunga Simpanan Riil." Majalah Ilmiah Bijak 16, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v16i2.510.
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The financial crisis is a condition where a country's finances experience a disruption which is characterized by a drastic increase in the inflation rate, a weakening currency exchange rate, and a decrease in other economic activities. Indonesia experienced financial crises in 1997 and 1998 which resulted in a collapse of financial conditions and national stability. Therefore, it is necessary to have a model to find out the crisis, so that efforts to recover the impact of the crisis can be done as early as possible from the model. This study aims to apply the Markov Switching Error Correction Model to detect a crisis. Based on the indicator of real deposit interest rates it can be concluded that the MS-ECM can explain the crisis that occurred in mid-1997 and late 2005
4
Remi, Sutyastie S., and Bayu Kharisma. "Impact of Economic Situation on Availability of Secondary Education in Indonesia." Integration of Education, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 596–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.093.022.201804.596-611.
Abstract:
Introduction. School transition is important as a benchmark for education progress in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Moreover, the school transition has been identified as a crucial turning point in school progress in Indonesia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of income, gender against the school transition in Indonesia. Materials and Methods. Methods in this research were conducted in two phases, fixed effect and conditional logit. The data used are from the Indonesian Family Life Survey and to capture the occurrence of several events in Indonesia with the risk associated with economic crisis in Indonesia against school transition. Results. A sharp permanent income decrease shock will have a larger effect upon parental investment than one realized later in the child’s lifetime and the effect of permanent household income shocks is significant and decreases in older childhood, as predicted by the permanent income hypothesis. When household income is faced with shocks constraint conditions of loans and credit market imperfections, girls tend to be used as a coping strategy to support private consumption in doing consumption smoothing, especially transition from primary to junior secondary education. Discussion and Conclusion. Permanent income have long-term consequences of the decision-making process in the school transition. Girls experienced an increase in continuing education, especially at higher levels. Furthermore, when household income is faced with shocks constraint conditions of loans and credit market imperfections, girls tend to be used as a coping strategy to support private consumption in doing consumption smoothing. Keywords: complete secondary education, role of income, gender, fixed effect, conditional logit, school transition
5
Pertiwi, Kanti, and Susan Ainsworth. "From ‘sick nation’ to ‘superpower’: Anti-corruption knowledge and discourse and the construction of Indonesian national identity (1997–2019)." Organization 28, no. 5 (September 2021): 773–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505084211015368.
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Anti-corruption knowledge and discourse emerged in the mid-1990s promoted by powerful international actors and organizations, mostly targeting countries in the ‘Third World’. In this paper, we seek to decolonize this knowledge and show how it influences the construction of national identity of former colonies. Our case is a country with a reputation as one of the most corrupt in the world: Indonesia. Long celebrated in the West for its economic growth and political stability, in 1997 the Asian Financial Crisis forced Indonesia to accept financial aid from the International Monetary Fund accompanied by harsh conditions that resulted in domestic turmoil. Using discourse-historical method, we trace how national identity was constructed in The Jakarta Post from 1997 through two decades of Western-influenced corruption-related reform. Our findings show how acceptance of Western anti-corruption discourse and knowledge early on contributed to highly negative internal constructions of Indonesian national identity, but over time, this gave way both to more positive self-presentations as well as greater critique and contestation of this knowledge. Moreover, alternative rationales for anti-corruption were asserted that drew from shared understandings of Islam and Indonesia’s independence. Overall, we show how this type of internationally dominant management and organizational knowledge (MOK) colonized how Indonesia was imagined but that contestation was possible, enabled by improvements in economic circumstances. We conclude by arguing that to understand the colonizing effects of MOK, it is necessary to look at the impact of management knowledge beyond the boundaries of organizations, including at the level of national identities.
6
Lindblad, J. Thomas. "The Economic Decolonisation of Indonesia: a Bird�s-eye View." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 4 (March 25, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.71.
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An oft-quoted statement by the Indonesian nationalist leader Haji Agus Salim runs as follows: The economic side of the Indonesian Revolution has yet to begin. (Higgins, 1957: 102, cited in Lindblad, 2008: 2). The statement was made shortly before or shortly after the transition of sovereignty from Dutch colonial rule on 27 December 1949. At long last, the Netherlands had acknowledged that Indonesia was independent, which brought the Indonesian Revolution to its logical conclusion. But, by the conditions laid down at the Round Table Conference in The Hague in late 1949, the interests of Dutch private capital were still omnipresent in the Indonesian economy. In addition, the Indonesian government was obliged to consult the Netherlands government in matters affecting the economy until the debt of the former colony to the metropolitan mother country had been repaid in full. As Haji Agus Salim rightly stressed, economic and political decolonisation did not coincide but followed different historical trajectories.This contribution offers an abridged account of the process of economic decolonisation as it unfolded between 1945 and 1959, from the proclamation of independence until the nationalisation of the vast majority of Dutch-owned companies that had retained operations in Indonesia after independence.1 Four themes serve as devices tofurther our understanding of the process of economic decolonisation. These four themes, in order of appearance, are below: the new spirit in Indonesian economic life following the transfer of sovereignty; the changing climate of economic policy-making during the 1950s; the response and accommodation by remaining Dutch companies; and, finally, the concluding phase of expropriation and nationalisation.A couple of points of departure need to be spelled out. The ideological basis of the thrust towards economic decolonisation in Indonesia was provided by a small booklet, Ekonomi Indonesia, which made a very timely appearance in 1949. Its subtitle, Dari ekonomi kolonial ke ekonomi nasional, carried an immediate appeal to contemporary public discourse, offering the briefest possible summary of what economic decolonisation in Indonesia was all about. For the remainder, the book offered very little concrete guidance (Hadinoto, 1949). A second point of departure may be traced in the international historiography on Indonesian decolonisation, notably John Sutters voluminous PhD dissertation on domestic developments up to the general election in 1955 (Sutter, 1959). Although providing a wealth of information from government sources and press material, Sutters survey offers little on the fate of private business enterprises; in addition, he did not consult Dutch-language sources. Yet another point of departure in our quest to better understand economic decolonisation in Indonesia is, of course, the wider international context of the Cold War. Decolonisation in Indonesia, whether political or economic, did not take place in a vacuum but was intrinsically linked to Indonesias efforts to position itself in the tension between the Western powers and the Soviet bloc. Just as Sukarnos young republic secured American support against the returning Dutch by heavy-handedly crushing the Communist uprising in Madiun in 1948; did increasing flirtation with the Soviet bloc during the Guided Democracy period alienate Indonesia from the internationalcommunity and bring flows of incoming foreign investment to a virtual standstill?
7
Hadi Prabowo, Bambang, Ema Sulisnaningrum, and Sri Harnani. "FINANCIAL CRISIS AND USURY IN DIGITAL ECONOMIC." JBFEM 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol427-46.
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This paper investigates the inadequate evidence of usury in the economy in ASIA 5, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, and South Korea, to answer why major religions (Islam, Christianity, Judaism) prohibit usury. We use a qualitative research method of content analysis by collecting several justifiable evidence using source triangulation and method triangulation and combining with quantitative content analysis, which quantifies the qualitative findings and analyzes them quantitatively using Threshold Autoregressive. It is a proxy for forecasting future economic conditions considering each exchange rate regimes and the period of crisis experienced by the five countries. We found that the higher the riba proxied by the interest rate, the more burdening the five countries to recover from the crisis. Moreover, we find that the concept of sharia, which is proxied by direct investment, can boost the economy and can increase economic resilience against the financial crisis, which was evident in three countries, namely Thailand, Malaysia, and China, during the Asian crisis period (1997) to the digital economy era (2020).
8
Diana Nugrahent, Bemadetta, and Mas'ud Machfoedz. "STUDI PRICE EARNINGS RATIO ANTAR SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2004.v8.i1.2024.
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The Economic crisis that broke in Indonesia since the mid-year of 1997 caused a lot of business losses. This condition brings effect to the investors to determine their portfolio. One of most popular financial indicator that usually used to predict the business prospect and risk is price earnings ratio (PER). This study is peiformed to find whether PER between manufacturing industrial sectors differ before and after the year 1997. By using two ways ANOVA analysis, so the result of the analysis proved that before and after the year 1997, PER between manufacturing industrial sectors were different. The different were caused by economic crisis. Beside that, this study also peiformed a test of consistency of variables that influence the different of PER for those two condition, before and after the year 1997. The variables that used consist of income smoothing index, beta, financial leverage, earnings growth, ROE, and size. Manufacturing industrial sectors were used as a dummy variable. By using the multiple linier regression analysis, so those six variables that used thrown together could explain the change of PER. The variable of income smoothing index, earnings growth, ROE, and size significantly influence PER at the condition before the year 1997. In other side, after the year 1997, the variable offinancial leverage, and size significantly influence PER. The Third manufacturing industrial sector is significant for those two conditions, before and after the year 1997.
9
Simanjuntak, Presli Panusunan, and Agus Safril. "Analisa Angin Zonal dan Meridional Dalam Menentukan Awal Musim Hujan di Kota Jambi." Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v8i1.2322.
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In Indonesia, prediction models for the beginning of the rainy season have not developed intensively. Jambi City is the capital of Jambi Province as it has quite extensive rainfed gardens / fields and rice fields and contributes significantly to the economy of Jambi Province. Jambi City really needs an accurate prediction of the start of the rainy season to support the economic continuity through agriculture and plantations. This study aims to analyze the zonal and meridional wind components in the 1000 mb layer in determining the start of the rainy season in the city of Jambi. The prediction of the beginning of the season using zonal and meridional winds will be divided into 2 conditions, namely when the normal conditions of monthly rainfall in 1997-2017 and when the El Nino conditions are strong in 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. Based on data processing for 1997-2017, it shows that the beginning of the rainy season is December when the zonal wind speed is highest. In this study, the zonal wind component is more dominant than the meridional wind component in determining the start of the rainy season. However, when conditions are el nino, the zonal wind component is not good to become
10
Johadi, Johadi, Kresno Sarosa Pribadi, Ahmad Daerobi, and Nunung Sri Mulyani. "Economic Liberalization Impact, Fiscal Conditions, and Tax Ratio to Welfare." JEJAK 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18554.
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Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries
11
Sasana, Hadi, Jalu Aji Prakoso, and Yuliani Setyaningsih. "The Impact of Globalization agains Environmental Condition in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302012.
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Globalization led to the movement of goods, services, technology, capital and people no longer recognize the limits of the State. The main product of globalization was the inception of a multinational corporation, with characteristic expansiveness and exploratory. Expansive activities that are done naturally bring such potential negative impacts of pollution of water, soil, air, the destruction of forests, the habitats of flora and fauna. This research aims to analyze the impact of globalization is globally against environmental degradation in Indonesia during the period of 1990 – 2015. The results of the analysis showed a negative effect of economic globalization against environmental conditions (CO2emissions), while the influential social and political globalization is positive towards CO2emissions.
12
Mahdi, Reza. "Strengthening Community Economy Inclusively through Literacy for Prosperity." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v1i2.62.
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The term literacy continues to evolve from time to time according to the conditions of a society. At first, UNESCO in 1997 concluded that literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, communicate, and count using printed or other materials, but the meaning of literacy is much more than that, which in the end a literate community can produce something that is beneficial to individuals or society. Therefore, the prosperity of a society can be seen from the number of literate people. National Library of Indonesia has recorded it in the concept of literacy for prosperity in the Social Inclusion-Based Library Transformation program. One of the programs carried out is for the prosperity of the literacy-based economic community that also aims to support SDGs. Until now, the National Library of Indonesia has succeeded in bringing about a positive impact on the community's economy with the concept of as well as support for SDGs. In the future, there are still many things that must be researched by the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia regarding literacy for inclusive prosperity.
13
REDZIUK, Evhenii. "COOPERATION WITH THE IMF: THE IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AND UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 5 (June 11, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.05.057.
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The global economic system requires greater coordination and coherence in order not to provoke international financial and economic crises. Therefore, to minimize financial and economic crises, such a powerful center as the IMF functions. In general, the IMF is based on the neoliberal North Atlantic market values; it creates the conditions for cooperation between stakeholders and protects its legitimacy in the long term, increasing its effectiveness. Not all countries can cooperate productively with the IMF; there is sometimes a decline in the rate of economic growth and the intensification of crisis phenomena in their economies (Somalia – 1981; Kenya – 1990s; Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand – 1997 Argentina – 2001, and others). However, there are positive examples of world-wide cooperation with the IMF: Peru – 1956, Mexico – 1956, 1982 and 1994, Portugal – 2011–2014, Cambodia – 1992, Brazil – 2015–2016, Poland – 2009–2011, Greece and Cyprus – 2009–2010, etc. Cooperation with the IMF is always a definite indicator of the reforms and confidence of Western investors in countries with which the IMF cooperates. Cooperation with the IMF is always a definite indicator of reforms and confidence of Western investors in countries with which the IMF cooperates: if such values prevail in the country, and government institutions are formed fully and impartially (market environment, rule of law, antitrust constraints, infrastructure availability, etc.), then there is the possibility of mutually beneficial cooperation. Without this, cooperation will be ineffective and will not always lead to economic growth. Cooperation with the IMF for Ukraine as of 2015–2020 is important, given the need to ensure financial and economic stability. Such cooperation makes it possible to reduce the interest on servicing and the frequency of entering the international commercial loan markets. However, if cooperation with the IMF is not continued, then the risks of increasing debt burden on the budget, the destabilization of exchange rate policy and, as a consequence, crisis phenomena in Ukraine’s economy will increase. This leads to the intensification of systemic changes and reforms that will allow Ukraine to achieve successful results in cooperation with the IMF.
14
Azis, Iwan J. "What Would Have Happened in Indonesia if Different Economic Policies Had Been Implemented When the Crisis Started?" Asian Economic Papers 1, no. 2 (May 2002): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15353510260187418.
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Many models of the Indonesian economy cannot generate the large collapses in output and exchange rate experienced in 1997–98. The model in this paper was able to replicate the actual events by adding several new links. One new link is between the depreciation of the exchange rate and the deterioration of the balance sheets of firms, which are in turn linked to decline in investment. Another new link is between decline in output and decline in business confidence, leading to possible increased capital outflow and exchange rate collapse. The IMF's high interest rate policy did not succeed in strengthening the rupiah because it inflicted such severe damage on the net worth of Indonesian firms that it caused capital flight to accelerate, turning what was originally just a financial crisis into a major recession. Two alternative counterfactual policy packages are examined: (1) a lower interest rate policy and (2) a lower interest rate policy combined with a partial write-down of the external debt. The model indicates that the country's macroeconomic conditions would have fared better if the prolonged high interest rate policy had been avoided. The results suggest that early actions should have been undertaken to address the mounting private foreign debts. The delayed handling of private debts had prevented other policies from working effectively. The two counterfactual policies also would have resulted in a more favorable outcome for income distribution and poverty incidence. The model revealed a close correlation between worsening (improving) income distribution and increasing (declining) interest rates.
15
Muawanah, Umi, Hakim Miftahul HUda, Sonny Koeshenderajana, Duto Nugroho, Zuzy Anna, Mira Mira, and Abdul Ghofar. "KEBERLANJUTAN PERIKANAN RAJUNGAN INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL BIOEKONOMI." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.9.2.2017.71-83.
Abstract:
Perikanan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Indonesia memberikan devisa sebesar US$ 246,14 juta dari ekspor pada tahun 2015 dan menghidupi 65.000 nelayan dan 130.000 pengupas rajungan di Indonesia. Berdasar nilai strategisnya ini, pemanfaatan perikanan rajungan perlu memperhatikan asas keberlanjutan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan di Indonesia menggunakan model bioeokomi dari data hasil tangkapan rajungan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) RI tahun 1977-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan di Indonesia memberikan rente ekonomi yang tinggi pada kondisi Maksimum Sustainale Yield (MSY) dan Maksimum Economic Yield (MEY) sedangkan pada rezim open access (OA) tidak memberikan rente ekonomi. Mengacu pada hasil penelitian maka pengaturan pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan dengan upaya dan produksi yang mendekati batas MEY diharapkan dapat menjamin keberlanjutan usaha rajungan baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi. Adapun pemanfaatan secara open access (OA) hendaknya dibatasi atau dihindari karena kondisi ini tidak dapat menjamin berkelanjutan perikanan rajungan baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi.The Blue Swimming Crab (BSC, Portunus pelagicus) fishery in Indonesia provides revenue of US$ 246.14 million rom exports in 2015 and supports 65,000 fishermen and 130,000 pickers in Indonesia. Based on this value, the harvest of BSC fishery should consider the principle of resource sustainability. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of utilization of crab resources in Indonesia using bioeocomic model applied to the BSC catch data from all Fisheries Management Areas (FMA) in Indonesia from year 1977 until 2014. The results show that BSC harvest in Indonesia gives high economic rents under the conditions of Maximum Sustainale Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) while the open access regime does not provide any economic rents. Referring to the results of the study, the arrangement of utilization of crab resources with efforts and production close to the limit of MEY is to be expected to ensure the continuity of the crab business both biologically and economically. The direction toward open access should be limited or avoided because this condition will lead to the unsustainable practices of the BSC fishery both biologically or economically.
16
Ashaluddin Jalil and Yesi. "Upaya Pemulihan Ekosistem Gambut Pasca Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Di Desa Lukun Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.588.
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AbstractIn Indonesia, forest and land fires have occurred since 1997. As if it has become an annual disaster, forest and land fires still occur, especially in the peat area. Weather and human factors are thought to be the cause of fires. In 1997-1998 severe fires hit Indonesia, occurring in 23 provinces (from 27 provinces in Indonesia at that time), in an area of almost 10 million hectares, which later turned out to be known to be mostly in the concessions of plantation companies and areas designated for plantation activities (Peranginangin, 2014). Continuous fires occur with different trends each year. Indonesia, especially in areas with peatland, is labeled as an exporter of smoke to neighboring countries and at the same time is labeled unable to complete fires thoroughly for various reasons. Approximately two million hectares of peatland are degraded and require recovery efforts to become the government's homework to make restoration efforts as soon as possible. Not only does it require a very large amount of funds to be recorded, the community actually needs to support these activities to run smoothly. The research objectives are: 1). Identifying the causes of forest and land fires and their impacts, 2). Analyzing recovery efforts after forest and land fire disasters. The research location is in Lukun Village, Tebing Tinggi Timur District, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects as government officials and community leaders related to recovery efforts after theforest and land fire disaster in Lukun. Factors that cause the occurrence of forest and land fires are natural conditions and human activities. The impacts caused by the disaster of forest and land fires can be divided into: impacts on peat ecosystems and the impact on the socio-economic community. Efforts made in the recovery after the disaster of forest and land fires are the restoration of ecosystems and the economic revitalization of the community.
Di Indonesia, kebakaran hutan dan lahan sudah terjadi sejak tahun 1997-an. Cuaca dan faktor manusia diduga kuat menjadi penyebab terjadinya kebakaran. Di tahun 1997-1998 kebakaran hebat melanda Indonesia, terjadi di 23 propinsi (dari 27 provinsi di Indonesia pada waktu itu), pada areal hampir seluas 10 juta Ha, yang kemudian ternyata diketahui sebagian besar diantaranya adalah berada pada konsesi perusahaan perkebunan dan wilayah yang diperuntukkan bagi aktivitas perkebunan (Peranginangin, 2014). Kebakaran terus menerus terjadi dengan tren yang berbeda setiap tahunnya. Indonesia terkhusus wilayah yang bertanah gambut dicap sebagai pengekspor asap ke negara tetangga sekaligus tidak mampu menyelesaikan kebakaran dengan tuntas karena berbagai alasan. Lebih kurang dua 2 juta hektar lahan gambut terdegradasi dan membutuhkan upaya pemulihan menjadi pekerjaan rumah pemerintah untuk sesegera mungkin dilakukan upaya restorasi. Tidak hanya membutuhkan dana yang sangat besar yang menjadi catatan adalah masyarakat sejatinya perlu untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut agar berjalan lancar. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah: 1).Mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kebakaran hutan dan lahan beserta dampaknya, 2).Menganalisis upayaupaya pemulihan pasca bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Adapun lokasi penelitian adalah di Desa Lukun Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Faktor penyebab terjadinya bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan yaitu Kondisi Alam dan aktivitas manusia. Dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat dibagi menjadi: dampak terhadap ekosistem gambut dan dampak terhadap sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam pemulihan pasca bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan adalah pemulihan ekosistem serta revitalisasi ekonomi masyarakat.
17
Yunus, Muh. "Peningkatan Kinerja Koperasi dan UKM Melalui Kemitraan Usaha." ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam 4, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ua.v4i1.6133.
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Since economically Indonesia declined because of monetary crisis in 1997, "partnership" program considered as the alternative to solve economic problem of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Its importance to decrease costs and improve production quality, to avoid supply/demand fluctuation, to create external scale of economies, to avoid uncertainty and to guaranty of good and service flow by continuously. The partnership program can be efficient, when there is no unbalance relationship conditions among Cooperatives/SMEs with their partner: Cooperatives/SMEs in "worse of" conditions and partners in "better of" condition. So, the performance Of Cooperatives/SMEs can be improved. So far, the measurement of cooperative performance focusing on finance aspect. The firm reaches high Roi considered as successfull business. Whereas, measuring business performance only on financial aspect can be bias. Therefore, it is important to have new approach on measurement business performance using "Balanced Scorecard".
18
Varshney, Ashutosh, Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin, and Rizal Panggabean. "Creating Datasets in Information-Poor Environments: Patterns of Collective Violence in Indonesia, 1990–2003." Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (December 2008): 361–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006470.
Abstract:
Indonesia has witnessed explosive group violence in recent years, but unlike its plentiful economic statistics, the data on conflict are remarkably sketchy. Because the New Order (1966–1998) wanted to give the appearance of order and stability, it did not believe in publishing reports on group conflict, nor did it allow researchers and nongovernmental organizations to probe the patterns and causes of conflict. This article is based on the first multiyear dataset ever constructed on group violence in Indonesia. Following, and adapting for Indonesian conditions, methodologies developed and used elsewhere, we cover the years 1990–2003, split the data into various categories, and identify the national, regional, and local patterns of collective violence. Much that we find is surprising, given the existing theories and common perceptions about violence in Indonesia. Of the several conclusions we draw, the most important one is that group violence in Indonesia is highly locally concentrated. Fifteen districts and cities (kabupatenandkota), in which a mere 6.5 percent of the country's population lived in 2000, account for as much as 85.5 percent of all deaths in group violence. Large-scale group violence is not as widespread as is normally believed. If we can figure out why so many districts remained reasonably quiet, even as the violent systemic shifts—such as the decline of the New Order—deeply shook fifteen districts causing a large number of deaths, it will advance our understanding of the causes of collective violence in Indonesia.
19
Apriyani, Lusi, Fahmi Yoesmar AR, and Marta Erwandi. "Comparison of Wildlife Protection Law between Indonesia and the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1315.
Abstract:
Indonesia is known as one of the richest countries for its biodiversity. Plants, animals, and forest are very diverse in every region in Indonesia. Unfortunately, from time to time the numbers of biodiversity have been decreased along with the development of Indonesia. Nowadays, numbers of Sumatera Tigers and Orang Utan are not more than 400 since they were traded, captured, and killed in the name of economic development. Even wildlife habitat, forest, were converted to non-forestry use. Theoretically, Indonesia has Conser-vation Act which is the Law Number 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem in which providing protection to the biodiversity. However, this law mostly talks about conservation system rather than providing legal protection to the wildlife and its habitat. In addition, the law seems to stand on its own, meaning only Biodiversity Law regulates protection to wildlife. Other acts like Forestry law, Environmental law, Plantation law, and Mining law do not provide wildlife protection. While both flora and fauna are the most vulnerable elements affected by activities which are regulated by those laws. The existence of the conditions above indicates that the legal protection of wildlife needs to be improved. One of the improvement efforts is to reform the Indonesian wildlife protection law. The law reform of Indonesia wildlife protection can be done through comparative approach toward legal framework of wildlife protection of Indonesian and United States.
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Seng, Huat Tan, Hong Meenchee, and Tze-Haw Chan. "ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (June 3, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5625.
Abstract:
Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fas-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth.
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Tan, Seng-Huat, and Meenchee Hong. "ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBANISATION AND CARBON EMISSIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES." International Journal of Industrial Management 6 (June 3, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijim.6.0.2020.5637.
Abstract:
Climate change is considered as the most severe and urgent environmental issue in this present era. There is a clear consensus that the climate change problem is much related to the rising level of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The link between economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions was examined extensively in the literature. Fast-paced economic growth will advance urbanization in a country and result in higher energy consumption to meet various needs in an urban economy. This conditions will trigger more carbon emissions and generate more pollution problem. This paper aims to discuss and compare the growth pattern of economic growth, urbanization and carbon emissions between five selected ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam for the period 1990-2018. All these five countries have recorded at least 4% economic growth rate in the year 2018. In the same period, Indonesia has the largest in term of total value added in manufacturing. Similarly, Vietnam has the largest growth of value-added in the same industry. Among all, Indonesia has the largest urban population whilst Malaysia has the highest rate in urbanization and carbon emissions per capita. The upward trend of urban population and carbon emissions per capita in these countries exhibit certain pressures and challenges to the countries’ environmental quality. Therefore, the government in these countries should pay attention to environmental governance to achieve sustainable urbanization while prioritizing economic growth
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Aida, Neli, and Feri Dwi Riyanto. "Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kemiskinan Indonesia: Analisis Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan pada Mitra Dagang Utama." Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen 2, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v2i3.107.
Abstract:
Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of trade liberalization on Indonesia's exports by involving the three (South Korea, Japan, and China) major trading partner countries. Research Methodology: This study used the concept of a gravity model, with panel data samples from 1996 - 2019. This study used independent variables such as tariffs, level of openness, exchange rates, poverty, economic growth (GDP), inflation, and distance. Results: The study results found that tariffs and the level of openness have a significant effect on exports. It can be said that trade liberalization has an effect on exports. In addition, the variables GDP, poverty, and the exchange rate also have a significant effect on exports. Meanwhile, the two variables of inflation and distance have no effect on Indonesian exports. This condition shows the same thing among the three trading partner countries. Limitations: Other elements were not included in this study, such as digitalization and international trade technology. Contribution: The theoretical contribution of this research provides scientific contributions in the field of economic liberalization and poverty, and the empirical contribution shows that Indonesia's macroeconomic conditions are still dependent on trade with neighboring countries.
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Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M., Bastian Franke, and Wolfgang Maennig. "Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 235, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2015-0103.
Abstract:
Summary We analyse how German tourists react to unanticipated shocks that alter their risk perception of selected tourism destinations. Using a difference-in-difference strategy which flexibly accounts for macroeconomic conditions and also addresses potential problems of serial correlation, we isolate significant effects of the 9/11 (2001) terrorist attacks, as well as for the attacks in Egypt (1997), Tunisia (2002), Morocco (2003) and Indonesia (2003). These terror attacks impacted especially on Islamic countries all over the world, indicating a transmission mechanism driven by ethnic and religious proximity. At the same time, tourism into Islamic countries was temporarily substituted by tourism to (south) European countries.
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Agustina, Yeni, and Rahmawati Rahmawati. "Kebangkrutan Perusahaan Menggunakan Model Altman dan Zavgren pada Perusahaan Food And Beverages." Winners 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v11i1.696.
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to show the illustration of the financial performance in food and beverages companies during the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Since the Indonesian economic crisis which began in middle 1997, most of industry sectors, including food and beverages companies, had some constraints in producing and actualizing their products. One of the important things in making decisions for company managers, creditors, and the future investors is the bankruptcy analysis model to predict company’s bankruptcy. This research used two models developed by Edward I. Altman (Model Z-Score) and Christine V. Zavgren (Logit Model). The result of this research is, generally, the financial conditions of the food and beverages companies are in bad conditions. This situation is connected with the low profitability, liquidity, and activity rates of those companies.
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Settings Etty Puji Lestari. "DISPARITAS EFISIENSI TEKNIS ANTAR SUB SEKTOR DALAM INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA, APLIKASI DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS." Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen 3, no. 1 (September 15, 2007): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jom.v3i1.98.2007.
Abstract:
Efficiency is a parameter to measure performance quality of a company or agency, including manufacture industrial. One of tools was used to measure technical efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This article attempts to investigate the existence of difference technical efficiency between sub sector in manufacture industry in Indonesia period 1990-2002 using DEA. This estimation result discovered that the generally performance of manufacture sector industrial in Indonesia growth in spanning perception 1990 and 2002 relative stabilize altought have decrease percentage of efficiency in economic crisis. On the contrary, these conditions do not followed by disparity efficiency growth between sub sectors which exactly experience of negative growth at perception period. The fact sign that policy strategy industrialize during the time not improve yet high level productivity, but on the other hand policy strategy industrialize during the time have enough succeeded to develop equity level between sub sector in manufacture industry
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Junaeda, Siti. "THE CONCEPT OF NATIONALIZATION OF NADJAMOEDDIN DAENG MALEWA IN SOUTH SULAWESI ON 1907-1947." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 12, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i1.12125.
Abstract:
The ideas of Nationalism in South Sulawesi were marked by the incorporation of national organizations that have formed branches in Makasar. Makasar was not only a city of the center of administration or the center of politics, but also as a barometer for the eastern Indoneisa areas to be a designated area of various national organizations. Sarekat Isalm was the first modern organization built in Makasar in the 1916, followed by Muhammadiyah, Assiratal Mustaqim, NU, PKI, PNI, PARTINDO, PARINDRA et cetera. Apart from being the designation of the national organization to open their chapters, in South Sulawesi have appeared regional organizations, such as the Celebes Organization, which then transformed into Celebes Party, and South Celebes Organization. The utilization and translation of ideas of nationalism in South Sulawesi can be traces from the principles or working program for each and every organization.Nadjamoeddin is one of the moving figures in South Sulawesi who has actively participated in the expansion of the idea of nationalism and nationality by being active in local or national organizations of political party. He has build unity in realizing the national movement through organization or local and national parties such as Celebes Organization, Celebes Party, Parindra, dan South Celebes Party. In a few of his writings and speeches he believes that in order to achieve prosperity for the whole Sulawesi people particularly and Indonesia in general, and therefore there are three important things to attain. First: The unity of any and all nations; Second: Equal education for all; and Third: A strong economic system. Three of these matters have become the important conditions to achieve a strong and independent country.
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Rakhmawati, Ita, and Suhadi Suhadi. "Daya Tahan Sektor Rumah Tangga Dalam Rangka Menjaga Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan." BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen Islam 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/bisnis.v5i1.2955.
Abstract:
The crisis in 1997 is the image of the high rise in inflation in Indonesia. The phenomenon of inflation when it reached 82.40% (Anas, 2006). The early mid-1998 also experienced a weakening of the rupiah against the dollar. Condition stable economy is the desire of each country in comparison with the state of the economy has always fluctuated. Economic stability will create an atmosphere conducive economy. stable climatic conditions in the expected level of welfare is the purpose in each country. One of the efforts to maintain economic stability is through monetary policy. For example, with economic growth, maintain price stability (inflation), the achievement of the balance of payments and the reduction of unemployment (Natsir, 2008). The stability of the financial system of a country of which reflected their price stability, in the sense that there are a great price that can be harmful to society, both consumers and manufacturers that will damage the joints of the economy. However, the implementation of the policy, Bank Indonesia as the monetary authority uses monetary variables such as interest rates and the money supply to cope with economic shocks such as inflation. Besides the need for the government’s role in maintaining the rupiah to avoid turmoil in the economy. The importance of inflation control based on the consideration that the high inflation and unstable negative impact on socio-economic conditions of society. Among the high inflation will cause a decline in the real income of the community so that the standard of living of the people down and eventually make everyone, especially the poor get poorer. From one of the effects of inflation are so wide will impact people’s demands to meet the needs of more and more difficult. Their continuousprice increases being offset by rising income of the communities, it can make sure the Indonesian state would worsen. As a result many people’s needs can not be met, so many things that must be met by way of credit. The number of community needs that must be met will cause world of opportunities for banks to offer credit readily available to meet the needs. The third object of research above (inflation, poverty, and credit) does affect the stability of the financial system? In this study using secondary data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI) with time series data from the years 2007-2015. The process of data analysis was performed using OLS regression with Eviews 8.0. Based on research, if only partial test of the poverty variable significantly affect the stability of the financial system amounted to 2,023 with α = 10%. Meanwhile, two other variables (inflation and poverty) is not significant to the stability of the financial systemMeanwhile, two other variables (inflation and poverty) is not significant to the stability of the financial system. While the value of R-Square (0.629900), indicating that the three independent variables / free consisting of inflation, poverty and credit simultaneously have the effect that make the stabilization of the financial system increases or decreases. That is jointly independent variables (inflation, poverty and loans) contributed / effect of 62.9% against the stability of the financial system. The rest is the influence of other factors beyond the three independent variables studied.
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Cahyadi, Ahmad, Eko Haryono, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, Margaretha Widyastuti, Indra Agus Riyanto, Dzakwan Taufiq Nur Muhammad, and Naufal Fattah Tastian. "RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN GUNUNGSEWU KARST AREA, JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA." Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.1.23-35.
Abstract:
Karst area is highly susceptible to changes to climate parameters. One of the parameters is rainfall variability. In addition to shaping the condition of water resources, rainfall in the Gunung Sewu karst area determines the nature of crop and livestock of the agriculture sectors―the local population's main economic activities, warranting the significance of the rainfall variability studies. Rainfall variability in karst areas also affects disaster conditions such as drought and floods. However, due to insufficient meteorological data in quality and quantity, there has been no rainfall variability studies conducted in this locality. The research intended to analyze rainfall variability in the Gunung Sewu karst area in 1979‒2013 by utilizing rainfall predictions from satellite images that many scholars had tested in different locations and recognized as having good quality. In the analysis, mean monthly rainfall was calculated, and the trends of annual rainfall and average rainfall intensity, dry and rainy seasons, the number of rainy days, and the effect of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) on rainfall were analyzed. The research data were 35 years of daily rainfall records derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The analysis results showed that the mean rainfall, number of rainy days, and rainfall intensity had an increasing trend. Also, El Niño quantitatively influenced the rain in the Gunung Kidul karst area.
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Nasution, Zulfahmi Syahputra, Hasan Basri Tarmizi, and Muhammad Syafii. "Analysis of Export Value, Capita Expenditure, and Inflation Against Economic Growth." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v4i1.1678.
Abstract:
Economic growth is an indicator that is often used for economic conditions in developing countries like Indonesia. Growing the economy of a region can be done by increasing economic activities in the area. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing and showing the effect of export value, inflation and per capita expenditure on economic growth in North Sumatra. The research was conducted using quantitative methods using data from 1990 to 1999 based on the variables used in the variables in this study. Export value and per capita expenditure have an effect on Economic Growth in North Sumatra Province. The value of the results of the comparative test or t-test conducted shows that the variable export value has a value of 2.826 and 2.323 so that there is an influence that affects economic growth. Meanwhile, inflation does not have a significant effect on Economic Growth in North Sumatra Province. Based on the t-test, the output of the inflation variable gets a value of -8,431, so it can be stated that economic growth in North Sumatra cannot occur positively on inflationary activity in North Sumatra.
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Prawoto, R. Budi. "Cointegration analysis on trading behavior in four SELECTED asean countries BEFORE MONETARY CRISIS." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 9, no. 2 (June 12, 2007): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5595.
Abstract:
This paper aims to analyze Indonesian position among the trading behavior in four selected ASEAN countries (according to their import-and-export products) using cointegration analysis. The demands for export and import are estimated before the monetary crisis erupted (1963 – 1995) using the dynamic OLS (DOLS) method. The Johansen Maximum Likelihood (JML) approach is also employed to compare the results obtained. The results show that foreign income has a significant impact on export demand, suggesting that foreign disturbance in the form of economic activities is likely to be transmitted to these countries. The Marshall Lerner conditions are easily met for the cases of Malaysia and Thailand (DOLS and JML). For Indonesia and the Philippines, the sum of the price elasticities of export and import demand are less than unity. This can be explained by the J-curve, in which the currency depreciations will first worsen the trade balance before it improves, and it takes a long time to affect the trade balance.
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Nayagam, James. "Migrant Labor Absorption in Malaysia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100303.
Abstract:
Malaysia's labor shortages can be attributed to rapid industrialization; higher educational attainment leading to external and internal migration and labor shortages; and poor wages and working conditions in plantations, the construction industry and the service sector. Such shortages have been met largely through the use of illegal migrant workers from Indonesia, south Thailand and the southern Philippines. Implementation of the government's plan for economic restructuring, 1971–1990, was assisted by such workers; however, the government has also recognized the socioeconomic problems engendered by illegal migration. Policies to facilitate temporary labor migration in key sectors are being developed.
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Kusmanto, Thohir Yuli. "Gerakan Sosial Ekonomi Islam Di Pedesaan: Studi Kasus Peran Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Di Kabupaten Sragen." Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 16, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v16i1.354.
Abstract:
Abstract: Islamic economic system has been experiencing rapid growth and development in Indonesia since the 1998 reform. Islamic economic discourse has become an intensive study, discussions, seminars, workshops to formulate ideal type of Islamic economics. Islamic economics is practically manifested in the form of banking, non-banking, insurance, and financial institutions. Islamic Economics has gone into rural areas in the systemic struggle among traditional economic system, a market economy and capitalistic system. Economic position of Islam becomes a middle way in terms of foundation, practices, access and capital assets. The seep of Islamic economy in the rural area is done through Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). The process is viewed as a social movement so that it can touch rural communities. Its movement is performed by Islamic activist organizations of young generation which is affiliated with Islamic organizations or mosque activists. Early initiation was triggered by Center Incubation of Small Scale Business (Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Usaha Kecil /PINBUK), Economic Organization, and Indonesian Muslim Scientist Association (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim/ ICMI) 1996. The establishment of BMT in Sragen was first done by Sragen ICMI branch. In this case, social and political conditions determined the process of formation. The primary role of BMT is as a financial institution and deposit. The role of financing has helped micro scale group of entrepreneurs,and small and medium scale groups of entrepreneurs to develop their business, and access capital. BMT encourages rural people to save their money for investment. As the Islamic financial services cooperation, BMT teaches the spirit of brotherhood and cooperation to develop Islamic economy in the rural areas. الملخص: أصبح النظام الإقتصادي الإسلامي ينمو نموّا سريعا في إندونيسيا بعد واقعة " إصلاح " 1999م. وأصبح حديث الإقتصاد الإسلامي موضوع دراسات متواصلة، ومناقشات علمية، وندوات، وورشات عمل لصياغة النموذج الأمثل للإقتصاد الإسلامي. ويتجلّى الإقتصاد الإسلامي عمليا في عدّة أشكال : المصرفية، وغير المصرفية، والتأمين والمؤسسات المالية. وقد تسرّب الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى في النضال النظامي بين الإقتصاد التقليدي وبين نظام الإقتصاد السوقي الرأسمالي، وأصبح الإقتصاد الإسلامي وسيطا في الأمور : الأساس والتطبيق والتدبير وعملية الحصول على الأصول والرأسمال. ويكون تسرّب الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى عن طريق بيت المال والتمويل. وهذه العملية كحركة إجتماعية حتى وصلت إلى المجتمع الريفي. وهذه الحركة قام بها مجموعة من الشبان المتحمّسين (أي الشبان الحركيين للمسجد) من المنظّمات الإسلامية المنتمية إلى الجمعيّات الإجتماعية الإسلامية . كان الاستهلال الأول PINBUK وهي المنظمة الإقتصادية لرابطة المثقّفين المسلمين الإندونيسيين (ICMI) سنة 1999م. وتأسيس بيت المال والتمويل في سراغين حرّكتها (ICMI) سراغين. والوضع الإجتماعي السياسي في ذلك الحين دفع عملية التشكيل. وكان دور بيت المال والتمويل الرئيس هو كمؤسسة التمويل والادّخار. ودوره التمويل يساعد العمل التجاري الصغير والمتوسّط لتنمية عمله التجاري وللحصول على الرأسمال. وقد حثّ بيت المال والتمويل المجتمع القروي على الادّخار للتمويل. وكمؤسسة الخدمات المالية الإسلامية، علّم بيت المال والتمويل الناس روح الأسرية والتعاون والتكافل لتنمية الإقتصاد الإسلامي في القرى Abstrak: Sistem ekonomi Islam mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat di Indonesia pasca reformasi 1998. Wacana ekonomi Islam telah menjadi kajian intensif, diskusi, seminar, lokakarya dan workshop merumuskan tipe ideal ekonomi Islam. Secara praktis ekonomi Islam mewujud dalam bentuk; perbankan, non bank, asuransi, dan lembaga keuangan. Ekonomi Islam telah meresap ke pedesaan diantara pergulatan sistemik, ekonomi tradisional dengan ekonomi pasar – kapitalistik. Posisi ekonomi Islam menjadi jalan tengah dalam hal; landasan, praktik, pengelolaan dan akses serta aset permodalan. Peresapan ekonomi Islam di pedesaan melalui Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil (BMT). Proses tersebut sebagai suatu gerakan sosial, sehingga mampu menyentuh masyarakat pedesaan. Gerakannya dilakukan oleh generasi muda aktifis organisasi Islam yang berafiliasi dengan ormas Islam atau aktifis masjid. Inisiasi awal oleh Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis Usaha Kecil (PINBUK), organisasi ekonomi Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI) tahun 1996. Pembentukan BMT di Kabupaten Sragen pertama kali digerakkan ICMI cabang Sragen. Kondisi sosial politik menentukan proses pembentukan. Peran utama BMT adalah sebagai lembaga pembiayaan dan simpanan. Peran pembiayaan telah menolong kelompok usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah mengembangkan usahanya, dalam mengakses permodalan. BMT mendorong masyarakat pedesaan menabung untuk investasi. Sebagai koperasi jasa keuangan syariah, BMT mengajarkan semangat kekeluargaan dan kerjasama untuk mengembangkan ekonomi yang Islami di pedesaan.
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HARDEE, KAREN, ELIZABETH EGGLESTON, EMELITA L. WONG, IRWANTO, and TERENCE H. HULL. "UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND WOMEN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN INDONESIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 36, no. 5 (August 13, 2004): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003006321.
Abstract:
Few studies have examined the impact of unintended pregnancy on women in developing countries. This paper examines the impact of unintended pregnancy on Indonesian women’s psychological well-being. It is hypothesized that experiencing unintended pregnancy is associated with lower psychological well-being and that use of family planning and small family size are associated with higher levels of psychological well-being. Data are drawn from a 1996 survey of 796 women aged 15–49 from two Indonesian provinces, Lampung and South Sumatra. This article focuses on the 71% of women (n=562) who answered all 41 survey items related to psychological well-being. In cluster analysis, women grouped into three clusters, differentiated by their scores on four scales of well-being established through factor analysis (general negative feelings, satisfaction with relationships, satisfaction with economic/family/personal conditions, and negative feelings regarding domestic issues). Women in cluster 3 were characterized mainly by their high level of psychological well-being. Women in cluster 1 had the lowest level of well-being, and women in cluster 2 were in the middle. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess jointly the effect of unintended pregnancy, contraceptive use, number of children and other factors on a woman’s level of psychological well-being. Unintended pregnancy was associated with lower levels of psychological well-being and contraceptive use was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while number of children was not associated with level of well-being. Women who had experienced an unintended pregnancy were less likely to be in the high psychosocial well-being cluster versus both the medium and low clusters. In addition, women using contraception were more likely to be classified in the high than in the low or medium well-being clusters.
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Majesty, Kirstie Imelda, and Mahardika Fadmastuti. "Degree of community participation in mangrove resources management as livelihood support in West Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187410005.
Abstract:
Mangrove forests in the northern coastal region of Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency, West Java, form a crucial component of the livelihoods of coastal communities. However, mangrove systems are being degraded and lost at an alarming rate due to their conversion to aquaculture and abrasion since 1992. To overcome this problem, community of fishermen, naming themselves as Kelompok Sadar Wisata and Kelompok Bahagia Berkarya voluntarily started mangrove cultivation and began to implement Community-Based Mangrove Management (CBMM) with various approaches and outcomes. This study will examine and the participatory level of the CBMM practice within the community, analyze the achieved rehabilitation and its strategies to accomplish sustainable management of mangrove resources in the village through qualitative and descriptive statistic methods. The local data on institutions, socio-economic conditions, and mangrove resources utilization will be collected through in depth interviews with 40 key actors from 15 households. The study resulted that the degree of participatory in Pantai Bahagia Village is in the Delegated Power level, which means that citizen is given the permit to utilize the area to independently cultivate the mangrove area as long as it complies with government’s regulation.
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Suharsono. "OVERVIEW OF THE SUCCESSFUL CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 35, no. 1 (September 14, 2010): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v35i1.477.
Abstract:
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, composed of 18,110 islands with a coastline of 108,900 km long, extending some 5000 km long and 2000 km wide located between Asia and Australia. Coral reefs have important meaning and value for the coastal communities in term of economic, social, and cultural conditions. About 1.5 million people are traditional fishermen who live in subsistence level and depend on their lives fully on coral reefs' resources. The Indonesian coral reef contributed 14% of the world, distributed unevenly from Sabang to Merauke with the highest concentration around Sulawesi and Maluku. The species richness and the biodiversity of the Indonesian corals amounted to 590 species belonging to 82 genera or about 80% of the currently existing coral species in the world. Monitoring program has been done from 1993 to 2010 and it shows the trend of improvement in the term of live coral cover. The condition of coral reefs in Indonesia taken from 84 locations and 1048 sites were 50.54% in excellent condition, 26.72% in good condition, 37.21% in fair condition, and 30.82% in bad condition. Improving trends in live coral cover across all project sites shows that the live coral covers has increased in all monitored sites across all project districts with average yearly live coral coverage increase is about 2-5%. The National Policy, Strategy, and Action Plan was established, with its main objective of managing the coral reef ecosystems based on the balance between conservation and utilization, and it was reflected in the Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning coastal management and small islands. The most remarkable result of the program is community awareness, namely the decrease of fishing activities shows that the destructive fishing activities in all project district are now non-existent of at a minimal level. A special text books on marine lives for elementary, secondary, and high school is the most widely adopted by local education service as a book of local content. Whereas institutional strengthening program constitutes the most difficult, energy and time consuming activities. It is due to the rivaly between the local institution and the lac of officials' and the communities' knowledge on the conservation based management principle.
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Thenhaus, Paul C., Stanley L. Hanson, Ismet Effendi, Engkon K. Kertapati, and S. T. Algermissen. "Pilot Studies of Seismic Hazard and Risk in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia." Earthquake Spectra 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585707.
Abstract:
Earthquake ground motions in North Sulawesi on soft soil that have a 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in 50 years are estimated to be 0.63 g (63 percent of the acceleration of gravity) at Palu, 0.31 g at Gorontalo, and 0.27 g at Manado. Estimated ground motions for rock conditions for the same probability level and exposure time are 56 percent of those for soft soil. The hazard estimates are obtained from seismic sources that model the earthquake potential to a depth of 100 km beneath northern and central Sulawesi and include the Palu fault zone of western Sulawesi, the North Sulawesi subduction zone, and the southern most segment of the Sangihe subduction zone beneath the Molucca Sea. An attenuation relation based on Japanese strong-motion data and considered appropriate for subduction environments of the western Pacific was used in determination of ground motions. Field investigations following the 18 April 1990 North Sulawesi earthquake (Ms 7.3) established the Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) distribution throughout Kodya Gorontalo (the mayorial province of Gorontalo). The total number of masonry houses (permanent and semipermanent dwellings) within the MMI V isoseismal was approximated from housing counts obtained from a sampling of 19 villages. From the post-earthquake damage investigation and from comparisons to masonry construction in the United States, a vulnerability curve was constructed for masonry housing in Gorontalo. Assuming an average value for a house of $1,053, total economic loss to masonry housing from the 18 April 1990 earthquake is estimated to be $1,198,578, a loss equivalent to the destruction of 9.6 percent of the masonry dwelling stock of Gorontalo. Simulation of the earthquake history for the past 31 years within 300 km of Gorontalo indicates an average annual loss to masonry housing of $358,609, or $30 on a per house basis. Catastrophe potential (a worst-case loss) for masonry housing in Gorontalo that has a 90 percent probability of not being exceeded in 250 years is estimated to be $3,083,525, a loss equivalent to the destruction of 25 percent of the masonry dwelling stock of Gorontalo.
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Sihotang, Lesson, and Gelora Butar-butar. "ANALISIS PINALTI HUKUM MATI KEPADA PERANTARA JUAL BELI NARKOTIKA DAN PEMBELIAN KATEGORI TANAMAN NARKOTIKA (STUDI KASUS NO. 1991/PID.SUS/2019/PN MDN)." NOMMENSEN JOURNAL OF LEGAL OPINION 2, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/njlo.v2i01.205.
Abstract:
The problem of narcotics at this time has penetrated all elements of the nation, from children to adults, from the lower classes to officials, even law enforcers are not sterile from narcotics abuse. Its abuse is very dangerous to the future of the younger generation and threatens the existence of national security in a nation, so that it requires rules in the form of laws that regulate so as to reduce the number of abuse and distribution of narcotics. especially in Indonesia.
The problem in this writing leads to the basis for the judge's consideration in imposing capital punishment on intermediary actors of narcotics sale and purchase group 1 (one) not plants in Decision Number: 1991 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn.
Based on the results of the research and discussion carried out by the author in Decision Number: 1991 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn, the basis for the judge's consideration of imposing capital punishment on the intermediary narcotics buying and selling group I non-plant narcotics is based on judges' considerations juridically and non-juridically.considerations, Judicial namely valid evidence in the form of indictment, witness statements, evidence, documentary evidence, statement of the defendant revealed in court. The basis forconsiderations non-juridical consists of background actions, personal conditions, socio-economic conditions.
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Salman, Darmawan, Yusran Yusran, and Muhammad Alif K. Sahide. "Integrated Analysis of Forest Policies and Their Impacts on Landscape and Lifescape Dynamics: A Case Study in The Walanae Forest Management Unit, Indonesia." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0017.
Abstract:
Abstract In the past few decades, forest policies have caused changes in forest landscape and community lifescape in the study area of Walanae Forest Management Unit (KPH Walanae), South Sulawesi Province. This research aims to analyze forest policy dynamics and their impacts on landscape and lifescape dynamics. We quantify landscape dynamics using land use and land cover change and landscape metrics in interpreting remote sensing results of four data sets obtained in 1990, 2000, 2009, and 2016. Furthermore, we investigate lifescape dynamics using qualitative/quantitative description. We found a rapid land use change in forest landscapes within the past 26 years. A significant change showed that, in 1990–2000, the primary forest that changed into the secondary forest and shrubs has changed into dry land agriculture mix shrubs. The decreased area of the forest brought an increase in economic income for people on one side and large disturbances and forest fragmentation on the other. Various forest policies influenced the forest composition and cover but were insufficiently successful in protecting the natural forest. Results showed that several forest policies that considerably impact the landscape and lifescape conditions include forest land designation, industrial forest plantation, and restoration activities. The policies on establishing KPH and social forest program have not shown the maximum result on the landscape and lifescape improvements and, therefore, must be supported.
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Kurnianto, Benny. "Dinamika Pendidikan Tinggi Vokasi Penerbangan Merespon Isu Industri 4.0." JAS-PT (Jurnal Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia) 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/jaspt.v3i2.261.
Abstract:
Talking about human development, the topic that keeps existing in higher education is skill-gap between university and industry. The challenge is getting harder with shifting conditions in the globe including the issue of industrial revolution 4.0. This challenge has an immediate effect on the existence and the development of vocational academy such as Indonesian Civil Aviation Institute. Therefore, this study explores the changes that occur in as Indonesian Civil Aviation Institute as a result of higher education policy in Indonesia. This study uses SWOT analysis to examine the strategies taken by this university to encounter the issue. According to this research, there are dynamic changes in the relation between this university, government, and industry as the outcome of dissimilar interpretation of the issue.
References :
Ayu, N.A.K. 2018. Peluang Social Innovation dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0: Bagaimana Perkembangannya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Forbil Institute
Disas, E. P. Link and Match sebagai Kebijakan Pendidikan Kejuruan. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 18(2), 231-242.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. 1995. The Triple Helix – University Industry Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development. EASST Review 14, 14-19.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and '‘Mode 2'’ to a Triple Helix of University -Industry - Government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123.
Izzati, MF & Wilopo. 2018. Implementasi Triple Helix Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Industri Kreatif Di Kota Malang Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Daya Saing Untuk Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB)Vol. 55 No. 1 Februari 2018 hal 59-68.
McKinsey. 2015. Industry 4.0 How to navigate digitization of the manufacturing sector. England: Stamford
Senarath, S. A. C. L., & Patabendige, S. S. J. (2014). Job-education mismatch among the graduates: A Sri Lankan Perspective. Ruhuna Journal of Management and Finance, 1(2), 1-16.
UNIDO. Industry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges of the New Industrial Revolution for Developing Countries and Economies in Transition. Panel Discussion
USDA. 2008. SWOT analysis a tool for making better business decisions. United States Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency.
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Nur, Irnawati, Nur Nasry Noor, Andi Ummu Salmah, Anwar Mallongi, and Hasnawati Amqam. "Risk Factors Analysis and Mapping of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (July 23, 2020): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5186.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, and in Indonesia, although TB control efforts have been carried out since 1995. TB is ranked 9th as the leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in the number of TB cases caused by risk factors triggering include a decrease in the immune system caused by HIV infection, nutritional status, education, sex, occupation, air humidity, house ventilation, temperature, occupancy density lighting, and contact history.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of nutritional status, contact history, and smoking to the incidence of pulmonary TB in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District.
METOHDS: This type of research is analytic observational with a case–control design with a total sample of 147 samples consisting of 49 cases and 98 controls. Data collection was conducted from August to October 2019. Data analysis used in the study was univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The results showed that nutritional status (OR=5.403 95% CI: 2.547–11.461), contact history (OR=13.971 95% CI: 3.807–51.262), and smoking (OR=2.782 95% CI: 1.370–5.648) are related to the incidence of pulmonary in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District. TB officers are expected to intensify the home visit program, especially for pulmonary TB sufferers with a considerable distance from the community health center, with transportation constraints and relatively poor economic conditions so that the health status of pulmonary TB sufferers can be monitored properly.
CONCLUSION: TB officers are expected to intensify the home visit program, especially for pulmonary TB sufferers with a considerable distance from the Puskesmas, with transportation constraints and relatively poor economic conditions so that the health status of pulmonary TB sufferers can be monitored properly.
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Venevsky, Sergey, Yannick Le Page, José M. C. Pereira, and Chao Wu. "Analysis fire patterns and drivers with a global SEVER-FIRE v1.0 model incorporated into dynamic global vegetation model and satellite and on-ground observations." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-89-2019.
Abstract:
Abstract. Biomass burning is an important environmental process with a strong influence on vegetation and on the atmospheric composition. It competes with microbes and herbivores to convert biomass to CO2 and it is a major contributor of gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. To better understand and predict global fire occurrence, fire models have been developed and coupled to dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and Earth system models (ESMs). We present SEVER-FIRE v1.0 (Socio-Economic and natural Vegetation ExpeRimental global fire model version 1.0), which is incorporated into the SEVER DGVM. One of the major focuses of SEVER-FIRE is an implementation of pyrogenic behavior of humans (timing of their activities and their willingness and necessity to ignite or suppress fire), related to socioeconomic and demographic conditions in a geographical domain of the model application. Burned areas and emissions from the SEVER model are compared to the Global Fire Emission Database version 2 (GFED), derived from satellite observations, while number of fires is compared with regional historical fire statistics. We focus on both the model output accuracy and its assumptions regarding fire drivers and perform (1) an evaluation of the predicted spatial and temporal patterns, focusing on fire incidence, seasonality and interannual variability; (2) analysis to evaluate the assumptions concerning the etiology, or causation, of fire, including climatic and anthropogenic drivers, as well as the type and amount of vegetation. SEVER reproduces the main features of climate-driven interannual fire variability at a regional scale, for example the large fires associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño event in Indonesia and Central and South America, which had critical ecological and atmospheric impacts. Spatial and seasonal patterns of fire incidence reveal some model inaccuracies, and we discuss the implications of the distribution of vegetation types inferred by the DGVM and of assumed proxies of human fire practices. We further suggest possible development directions to enable such models to better project future fire activity.
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Yazrul, Ade, and Iyah Faniyah. "EFEKTIFITAS BIMBINGAN KLIEN NARKOTIKA OLEH BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I PADANG UNTUK MENCEGAH TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA." UNES Law Review 1, no. 3 (March 3, 2019): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/ulr.v1i3.35.
Abstract:
The implementation of narcotics client guidance by Community Guidance to prevent criminal acts of narcotics abuse is regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 1995 concerning Correctional Clients Guidance in practice is still a lot of dependence on narcotics. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: First, the role of Bapas Class I Padang Community Supervisor in guiding clients of narcotics abuse has been carried out well, because the guidance provided by Bapas Class I Padang Community Supervisor is in the form of Post-Rehabilitation Program which is a follow-up stage given to narcotics addicts after undergoing rehabilitation which aims to guide the narcotics client to develop attitudes to society and not repeat it again. Secondly, the effectiveness of narcotics clients in preventing narcotics criminal acts at Padang Class I Correctional Facilities in principle can be said to be quite effective because every client who follows the Post-Rehabilitation Program does not have a client who repeats narcotics abuse. Third, Constraints faced in Narcotics Client Guidance at Padang Class I Correctional Institution are limited conditions and functions and lack of Human Resources (HR), as well as clients who have undergone rehabilitation to undergo post-rehabilitation services, many who have not been serious about recovering, because of the lack of family and community support in realizing the recovery of former addicts, and the lack of a place to channel their interests and potential to return to the social environment of the community. In addition, the demands of the client's economic needs become an element of strengthening the absence of clients because they cannot leave their jobs which are mostly from the private sector. Besides that, budget problems are an important factor in post-rehabilitation implementation in order to run optimally.
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Sulaeman, Clara Septyana Rahma, and Vera Lisna. "Analisis EMP Indonesia dan Empat Negara ASEAN pada Masa Krisis." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v16i2.592.
Abstract:
Analysis of Indonesian EMP and Four ASEAN Countries During CrisisContagion effect or domino eect which causes spreading economic crisis from one country to another also occurred in Indonesia in 1997 and 2008. The effect was identified by Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index which measures economic pressure faced by a country on the exchange market through foreign exchange rate changes and foreign exchange reserves. The results of EMP analysis in Indonesia and four ASEAN countries using VAR method show that EMP contribution of four ASEAN countries in 2008 was larger than that of 1997. Moreover, the 1997 crisis in Indonesia spread from Thailand, while the 2008 crisis spread from Singapore.Keywords: Exchange Market Pressure; Vector Autoregression; ASEAN Countries AbstrakContagion Effect atau efek domino yang merupakan salah satu penyebab menjalarnya krisis ekonomi dari suatu negara ke negara lain juga terjadi di Indonesia tahun 1997 dan 2008. Efek tersebut diidentifikasi dari indeks Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) yaitu ukuran tekanan ekonomi yang dihadapi suatu negara pada pasar valuta asing melalui perubahan nilai tukar dan cadangan devisa. Hasil analisis EMP Indonesia dan empat negara ASEAN menggunakan metode VAR menunjukkan kontribusi EMP empat negara ASEAN dalam menjelaskan EMP Indonesia tahun 2008 lebih besar dibandingkan tahun 1997. Selain itu, krisis tahun 1997 di Indonesia menjalar dari Thailand, sedangkan krisis tahun 2008 menjalar dari Singapura.
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Bougatef, Khemaies, and Fakhri Korbi. "The determinants of intermediation margins in Islamic and conventional banks." Managerial Finance 44, no. 6 (June 11, 2018): 704–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2016-0327.
Abstract:
Purpose The distinctive feature of Islamic financial intermediation is its foundation on profit-and-loss sharing which reinforces solidarity and fraternity between partners. Thus, the bank margin and its determinants may differ between Islamic and conventional banks (CBs). The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the main factors that explain the bank margin in a panel of Islamic and CBs operating in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study will permit to identify the common and the specific determinants of the intermediation margins in dual banking systems. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a dynamic panel approach. The empirical analysis is carried out for a sample of 50 Islamic banks (IBs) and 126 CBs from 14 MENA countries. Findings The results reveal that net profit margins of IBs may be explained for the most part by risk aversion, inefficiency, diversification and economic conditions. With regard to CBs, their margins depend positively on market concentration and risk aversion and negatively on specialization, diversification, inefficiency and liquidity. Practical implications The significant impact of the degree of diversification on margins suggests that any policy analysis of the pricing behavior of banks should rely on its whole output. The high levels of margins in Islamic and CBs based in the MENA region may represent an obstacle to these countries to pursue their development process. Thus, policy makers in these countries should consolidate the role of capital markets and nonbanking financial institutions to provide alternative sources of funding and stimulate more competition. Social implications The positive relationship between concentration and net interest margins requires that policy makers should create competitive conditions if they want to lower the social cost of financial intermediation. The creation of competitive conditions may be achieved through encouraging the establishment of new domestic banks or the penetration of foreign banks. Originality/value The present study aims to contribute to the existing literature on the determinants of bank margins in three ways. First, the authors identify the factors that most explain bank margins for both conventional and IBs. The majority of previous studies examine the determinants of the profitability or the overall performance of banks and in particular conventional ones. Second, this paper employs two generalized method of moments (GMM) approaches introduced by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Arellano and Bond (1991). It differs from Hutapea and Kasri (2010) who employed the co-integration technique to examine the long-run relationship between Islamic and CB margins and their determinants in Indonesia. Third, unlike previous studies focusing on MENA region that use a small number of countries and a short sample period, the period of study covers 16 years from 1999 to 2014 and a large sample of countries (14 countries). This paper differs from Lee and Isa (2017) who applied the dynamic two-step GMM estimator technique introduced by Arellano and Bond (1991) to study the determinants of intermediation margins of Islamic and CBs located in Malaysia.
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Njindan Iyke, Bernard, and Solikin M. Juhro. "MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS IN INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 21, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v21i3.1005.
Abstract:
We develop a financial condition index (FCI) and examine the effects of monetarypolicy on financial conditions in Indonesia. We show that our FCI tracks financialconditions quite well because it captures key financial events (the Asian financialcrisis of 1997–1998, the Indonesian banking crisis, and the global financial crisis andits aftermath). A unique feature of our FCI is that it is quarterly and thus offers nearreal-time development in financial conditions. We also show that monetary policyshapes the FCI. A contractionary monetary policy leads to unfavourable financialconditions during the first two quarters, followed by favourable financial conditionsfor nearly three quarters. This finding is robust to an alternative identification strategy.Our findings highlight the critical role of the monetary authority in shaping financialconditions in Indonesia.
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Patriantoro, Teguh Hartono. "Selera Keindahan Warga Tionghoa di Semarang: Studi Kasus Transformasi Fungsi Musik Hiburan ke Ritual." Imaji 17, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/imaji.v17i1.23478.
Abstract:
Artikel ini menganalisa tentang selera keindaan yang mendapatkan intervensi dari politik praktis. Kondisi politik yang dimaksudkan adalah adanya INPRES no. 14 tahun 1967 yang berisi tentang larangan bagi Masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia untuk menggelar acara budaya di depan umum. Munculnya Inpres tersebut mempengaruhi eksistensi Masyarakat Tionghoa dan menyebabkan para pelaku seni untuk merubah fungsi musik yang awalnya bersifat hiburan menjadi pseudo ritual. Proses perpindahan fungsi tersebut juga berdampak pada letak keindahan, dimana ungkapan spontan seperti “ciamik”, perasaan kagum, dan gesture bahagia tereduksi secara politis. Pemeliharan pola dari pemerintah dengan adanya INPRES serta tuduhan subversif bagi warga negara yang melanggar, menyebabkan struktur kultural musik menjadi berubah pula. Seperti pemilihan lagu yang harus menghilangkan syair duniawi, pemilihan tempo musik dengan irama dinamis, dan genre musik. Hal ini menyebabkan letak citarasa keindahan dalam bermusik tidak bersifat universal, dikarenakan adanya kerinduan dari masyarakat setelah terbebas dari INPRES. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menganalisa bentuk pembelajaran/penularan ilmu kepada generasi berikutnya dengan penyesuaian kondisi eksternal seperti faktor sosial, politik, dan ekonomi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan antar bidang dengan payung utama etnomusikologi.Kata Kunci:ciamik, estetika Tionghoa, transformasi musik, ritual Chinese’s Taste of Beauty in Semarang:Case Study on the Transformational Function of Music from Entertainment into Rituals ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the sense of desire that gets intervention from practical politics. The intended political condition is the existence of INPRES no. 14 of 1967 which contained a prohibition on Chinese Communities in Indonesia to hold cultural events in public. The emergence of the INPRES influenced the existence of the Chinese community and caused the perpetrators of the arts to change the function of music which was originally as an entertainment into a pseudo ritual. The process of transferring this function also affects the aesthetics location, where spontaneous expressions such as "ciamik", feelings of awe, and gesture of happiness are reduced politically. The pattern maintenance from the government with the INPRES and allegations of subversion for citizens who violate causes the change of music cultural structure as well. Like the selection of songs that must eliminate worldly lyrics, using dynamic rhythms as the tempo, and musical genres. This causes the aesthetics of music cannot be enjoyed universally, due to the longing of the community after being freed from the INPRES. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of learning or transmission of knowledge for the future generations with adjustments to the conditions of social, political, and economic factors. The method used is the integrated approach concerning in ethnomusicology.Keywords: ciamik, Chinese aesthetics, musical transformation, pseudo ritual.
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Raswatie, Fitria Dewi. "Hubungan Ekspor - Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) di Sektor Pertanian Indonesia." Journal of Agriculture, Resource and Environmental Economics 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jaree.v1i1.11288.
Abstract:
The agricultural sector has an important role in developing economy as a contribution for the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, it iimportant to see agricultural export related to agricultural GDP. Structural change caused by economic crisis is also important to be observed in terms of its influence toward variables in the agricultural sector. This research functions to: (1) Analyze short term and long term relations between agricultural export and GDP of the agricultural sector and other variables in Indonesia’s agricultural sector; (2) Analyze structural in Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The method used is ECM model and Chow Test. Agricultural GDP has a different relation towards agricultural export in short term and long term. Then, there was a structural change caused by economic crisis in 1997. Estimation result after added by monetary crisis dummy in 1997 shows that in short term, agricultural GDP one year previously, agricultural TFP, agricultural domestic price, agricultural export price, agricultural domestic price one year previously, and economic crisis dummy of 1997 have significant influences toward agricultural export. Analysis of the new ECM result (short term) showst that the parameter coefficient signs of the following variables: agricultural GDP, agricultural TFP, agricultural domestic price, agricultural export price, in accordance with the hypothesis are variables with a one year lag. There is a lag of agricultural export in response to the influencing variables.
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Simorangkir, Iskandar. "DETERMINANT OF BANK RUNS IN INDONESIA: BAD LUCK OR FUNDAMENTAL?" Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 14, no. 1 (December 7, 2011): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v14i1.78.
Abstract:
This paper examine the determinant of bank runs in Indonesia that includes economic fundamental,bank performance, and self-fulfilling prophecy factors for all banks either in full sample periods between years 1990 - 2005 or in banking crisis periods between years 1997 - 1998. The bank runs determinant uses dynamic panel model from Arrelano-Bond. Estimation result shows that self-fulfilling prophecy, bank monetary performance which is rentability and fixed credit ratio and macroeconomic condition which is economic growth, inflation and real exchange rate influence bank runs in Indonesia. Bank runs determinant in banking crisis between year 1997 - 1998 also shows a result that is not really different from bank runs determinant during full sample periods between years 1990 - 2005.JEL Classification: C29, C33, G21Key Words: Bank runs, Banking Crisis, Arrelano Bond Dynamic Panel
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Alfirdaus, Laila Kholid. "Agama dan kekerasan anti-Cina pada masa transisi demokrasi Indonesia, 1997-2004." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v28i12015.20-32.
Abstract:
In the discussions of anti-Chinese phenomena in Indonesian transition in 1997-2004, religion appears less dominating in regard of economic and political factors of ethnicity. In scientific works, the perception of antiChinese violence was also dominated by the views of politics and economy. In fact, religion also plays crucial role in many cases, ranging from the issue of Chinese infidelity, anti-Islamism and atheism. This is not to argue that politics, economy and social is not important. Otherwise, this paper argues that religion is equally important as politic, economic and social analysis, especially to explain anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia.
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Taqwa, Khoirul Zadid, and Raditya Sukmana. "ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM KEUANGAN SYARIAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 5, no. 5 (June 18, 2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol5iss20185pp395-407.
Abstract:
This research is aimed to examinethe contribution of Islamic finance performacesystem especially intermediation function to economic growth in Indonesia during 2003:Q1- 2015:Q4.Objects of this research areIslamic bank and Jakarta Islamic stock index (JII) as representing Indonesia Islamic financial system. This research only focuses on financing of Islamic financial Instutions to foster Indonesia economic growth.Focusing on the post-1997 and 2008 economic turmoil, the paper relies on Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine the research. This research shows that Indonesia Islamic finance performance system can foster Indonesia economic growth during 2003-2015. Besides Indonesia Islamic finance performance system has significant role to promote economic growth in long term because it can eradicate financial specualtion.Hence IndonesiaIslamic finance performance system in the future should be supported by goverment to expand Islamic finance market share