Academic literature on the topic 'Indonesian Legal correspondence'

Dutch-Indonesian legal translation is under studied. The absence of equivalent terms in different languages requires constant comparison between SL (source language) and TL (target language) legal systems. Legal translators face numerous challenges as a result of the asymmetry between Dutch and Indonesian, whether those challenges are linguistic or cultural. Dutch and Indonesian terms are elements of linguistic difference and there is no one-to-one correspondence in Indonesian legal discourse. These require more effort from the translator. As cultural mediators, Indonesian legal translators may strive to understand Dutch terms conceptually rather than translate them literally. As in this study, the discussion of lexical translation between Dutch and Indonesian between makar and aanslag is the main goal. Because the term Makar has multiple meanings and is used to translate the word aanslag in Indonesia's criminal code, there is currently much debate over its use. This ambiguity prevents legal certainty from being guaranteed. The current situation with Indonesia's criminal code is that it does not define or set limitations on Macar acts, making possible uncertainties. The paper comes to the conclusion that translating the lexical terms mentioned above calls for knowledge of the linguistic and legal systems of languages, professional training, and up-to-date electronic dictionaries. This paper uses Library Research Method adapted from Thomas Mann. Data collections are collected from Published Sources, Online Databases, Government and Institutional Records, Publicly Available Data, and Past Research Studies.

The practice of subrogation without an authentic deed in the Indonesian banking sector creates significant legal uncertainty. This research analyses the impact of the practice on legal protection for new creditors, particularly in the context of legal protection theory proposed by Isnaeni. This paper uses a normative research method with a literature study approach. The literature study approach is carried out by collecting and analysing secondary data relevant to the research topic. The secondary data can be in the form of primary legal materials which include: laws, regulations, and jurisprudence related to subrogation, authentic deeds, and agreements. Secondary legal materials include books, scientific journals, articles, and other scientific papers. The data collection techniques used in this research are literature searches by conducting literature searches in libraries, the internet, and other sources to obtain primary and secondary legal materials relevant to the research topic and document studies by studying and analysing primary and secondary legal materials that have been collected. The results show that the absence of a notarial deed as authentic evidence makes it difficult to prove the existence of a subrogation agreement, thus hampering the efforts of new creditors to obtain their rights. The form of internal legal protection is by collecting various evidence such as correspondence, witnesses, and transaction evidence. Meanwhile, external legal protection can also be done by filing a tort lawsuit in court. This research also recommends the need to improve regulations and increase legal awareness to overcome these problems.

The National Army, or Armed Forces, of Indonesia is a key factor in Indonesian politics, economy, and history. It has influenced the award system so greatly that the military orders and medals were dominating till 2009 when the civil orders turned equal to military ones. The paper sums up the legal acts, presidential decrees, media and other open sources to reconstruct the history of the Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi (Pakçi before 1972) — Army Meritorious Service Star of Indonesia. The Star was instituted in late 1968, along with the Bintang Jalasena — Navy Meritorious Service Star, and Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa — Air Force Meritorious Service Star. There are three classes of Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi — Utama (first), Pratama (second), and Nararya (third). The Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi is bestowed to the top grass military officials, in strict correspondence to their ranks of one-, two-, three-, and four-stars generals. The Order may be given to civil officials for their merits in the development of the National Army of Indonesia. The Order is also awarded to the top generals of the foreign armies who collaborate with the Indonesian Armed Forces.

The pearling industry that developed in the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia) had a particularly Australian character. This influence was especially pronounced during the time of James Clark and his Celebes Trading Company (CTC) consortium (1905-1918), which operated primarily in the Aru Islands of the southeastern Moluccas. However, even before the CTC, Anglospheric influence was evident in the Ordinances passed by the Dutch colonial government throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While discussions of transnational elements in pearling history have often focused on Australian capitalist expansion or pearling crew movements, often overlooked aspect is the role of colonial government policy. Therefore, this research primarily utilizes the abundant colonial archives housed in the Indonesian National Archive (ANRI) in Jakarta, focusing on documents related to the drafting of pearling ordinances. Additionally, Australian and Dutch newspaper archives obtained from online sites are also consulted. By examining these sources, this article highlights the use of colonial diplomatic networks in formulating a new pearling industry, particularly the correspondence between Dutch and British colonial officials. It also aims to understand how these diplomatic networks influenced the growth of the pearling business in the Netherlands East Indies. This research concludes that transnational forces played a significant role in shaping the legal structure of the Netherlands East Indies pearling industry. It demonstrates that the Dutch colonial state was not simply a passive actor reacting to external threats. Instead, it actively participated in creating the legal framework for pearl fishing in the region.

For five decades Tanah Papua, or the West Papua half of the island of New Guinea on the intersection of Asia and the Pacific, has been a critical issue for the region with a majority of the Melanesian population supporting self-determination, and ultimately independence. While being prepared for eventual post-war independence by the Dutch colonial authorities, Indonesian paratroopers and marines invaded the territory in 1962 in an ill-fated military expedition dubbed Operation Trikora (‘People’s Triple Command’). However, this eventually led to the so-called Act of Free Choice in 1969 under the auspices of the United Nations in a sham referendum dubbed by critics as an ‘Act of No Choice’ which has been disputed ever since as a legal basis for Indonesian colonialism. A low-level insurgency waged by the OPM (Free West Papua Movement) has also continued and Jakarta maintains its control through the politics of oppression and internal migration. For more than five decades, the legacy media in New Zealand have largely ignored this issue on their doorstep, preferring to give attention to Fiji and a so-called coup culture instead. In the past five years, social media have contributed to a dramatic upsurge of global awareness about West Papua but still the New Zealand legacy media have failed to take heed. This article also briefly introduces other Asia-Pacific political issues—such as Kanaky, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinean university student unrest, the militarisation of the Mariana Islands and the Pacific’s Nuclear Zero lawsuit against the nine nuclear powers—ignored by a New Zealand media that has no serious tradition of independent foreign correspondence.

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum di Indonesia harus bersumber pada nilai yang terkandung di dalam sila pertama tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk secara filosofis menganalisis ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi ilmu hukum berketuhanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hakikat ilmu hukum berketuhanan adalah ilmu hukum yang dikembangkan berbasis pada nilai-nilai ketuhanan. Ia bukanlah ilmu hukum yang sekuler yakni ilmu hukum yang melepaskan diri nilai-nilai moral dan agama, melainkan ilmu hukum yang menjadikan nilai-nilai moral dan agama sebagai fondasi dalam pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum. Kebenaran pengetahuan menurut ilmu hukum berketuhanan beranjak dari kebenaran firman Tuhan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk nilai-nilai Pancasila yang selaras dengan nilai-nilai budaya bangsa Indonesia. Kebenaran di sini tidak hanya mengacu kepada kebenaran korespondensi, kebenaran koherensi, dan kebenaran pragmatis, tapi juga menjadikan ketiganya menyatu di bawah payung kebenaran ilahiah. Sedangkan nilai yang hendak diwujudkan oleh ilmu hukum berketuhanan sedemikian komperensif yang memuat semua nilai-nilai bangsa Indonesia baik yang religius maupun yang kultural. Nilai-nilai ini sudah dipraktikkan sejak lama oleh bangsa Indonesia sebelum merdeka. Meskipun nilai-nilai itu universal dan abstrak, tapi ia sudah mendarah daging dan menjiwai kehidupan sehari-hari bangsa Indonesia.Believing in the only and one God is set as the first pillar of Pancasila. This will have an implicate that the law reform, law making, and law enforcement must refer to the values. This article is aimed at analysing the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of God law. This research is normative legal research, white the approach used is both philosopical and conceptual. This article reveals that the essence of God law is the law founded by the values of God. It combines the values of morality and religion. The truth of knowledge stands from the truth of Gods sayings and is manifested in the form of values of Pancasila which are in accordance with the cultural values of Indonesia. The absolute truth of Gods sayings is a combination of correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic rightness. Finally, the value directed by the Gods law is so comprehensive consisting all Indonesian values religiously and culturally which have been practised at long time. Although these values are universal dan abstract, they have been embedded in the soul and daily life of Indonesian people.