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Journal articles on the topic 'Indoor Channel Characterization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Pakravan, M. R., and M. Kavehrad. "Indoor wireless infrared channel characterization by measurements." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 50, no. 4 (July 2001): 1053–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.938580.

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2

Anatory, J., N. Theethayi, and R. Thottappillil. "Channel Characterization for Indoor Power-Line Networks." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 24, no. 4 (October 2009): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2021044.

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3

Keshvadi, Hatef, Ali Broumandan, and Gérard Lachapelle. "Spatial Characterization of GNSS Multipath Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/236464.

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There is a growing interest in detecting and processing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in indoors and urban canyons by handheld devices. To overcome the signal attenuation problem in such adverse fading environments, long coherent integration is normally used. Moving the antenna arbitrarily while collecting signals is generally avoided as it temporally decorrelates the signals and limits the coherent integration gain. This decorrelation is a function of the antenna displacement and geometry of reflectors and angle of arrival of the received signal. Hence, to have an optimum receiver processing strategy it is crucial to characterize the multipath fading channel parameters. Herein, Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle Spread (AS) along with signal spatial correlation coefficient and fading intensity in GNSS multipath indoor channels are defined and quantified theoretically and practically. A synthetic uniform circular array utilizing a right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) antenna has been used to measure the spatial characteristics of indoor GNSS fading channels. Furthermore, rotating effect of a circular polarized antenna on the synthetic array processing and AoA estimation has been characterized. The performance of the beamforming technique via array gain is also assessed to explore the advantages and limitations of beamforming in fading conditions.

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4

Oestges, C., D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier, and B. Clerckx. "Channel Characterization of Indoor Wireless Personal Area Networks." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, no. 11 (November 2006): 3143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.883962.

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5

Oliveira, Thiago, Fernando Andrade, Antonio Picorone, Haniph Latchman, Sergio Lima Netto, and Moises Ribeiro. "Characterization of Hybrid Communication Channel in Indoor Scenario." Journal of Communication and Information Systems 31, no. 1 (2016): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2016.20.

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6

Campos, Millena Michely Medeiros, Mateus Oliveira Mattos, Rafael Silva Macedo, Alvaro Augusto Machado Medeiros, Wellerson Viana Oliveira, and Vicente Angelo Sousa Junior. "People effects on IoT indoor wireless channel characterization." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 53 (February 3, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2020v1n53p141-149.

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7

Nguyen, Hung Tuan, Jørgen Bach Andersen, and Gert Frølund Pedersen. "Characterization of the Indoor/Outdoor to Indoor MIMO Radio Channel at 2.140 GHz." Wireless Personal Communications 35, no. 3 (November 2005): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-6188-9.

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8

Kim, Seunghwan, Wasif Tanveer Khan, Alenka Zajic, and John Papapolymerou. "D-Band Channel Measurements and Characterization for Indoor Applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, no. 7 (July 2015): 3198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2015.2426831.

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9

Babich, F., and G. Lombardi. "Statistical analysis and characterization of the indoor propagation channel." IEEE Transactions on Communications 48, no. 3 (March 2000): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.837048.

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10

Nabetani, Toshihisa, Hiroki Yabu, Eiichi Ohkuma, and Mamoru Fukui. "Wireless Channel Characterization for Indoor Environment in Thermal Power Plant." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 135, no. 10 (2015): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.135.1152.

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11

Kivinen, J., Xiongwen Zhao, and P. Vainikainen. "Empirical characterization of wideband indoor radio channel at 5.3 GHz." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 49, no. 8 (2001): 1192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.943314.

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12

CARROLL, M., and T. WYSOCKI. "Characterization of indoor wireless channel at 5GHz U-NII bands." Computers & Electrical Engineering 30, no. 5 (July 2004): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7906(04)00022-9.

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13

Chen, Zhen, and Jun-Cheng Cao. "Channel characterization at 120 GHz for future indoor communication systems." Chinese Physics B 22, no. 5 (May 2013): 059201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/22/5/059201.

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14

Wang, Yu, Ivan B. Bonev, Jesper Ø. Nielsen, IstvÁn Z. Kovacs, and Gert F. Pedersen. "Characterization of the Indoor Multiantenna Body-to-Body Radio Channel." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, no. 4 (April 2009): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2014580.

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15

Al-Samman, Ahmed M., Tharek A. Rahman, Marwan Hadri, Imdad Khan, and Tien Han Chua. "Experimental UWB indoor channel characterization in stationary and mobility scheme." Measurement 111 (December 2017): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.053.

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16

Pajusco, Patrice, Nadine Malhouroux-Gaffet, and Ghais El Zein. "Comprehensive Characterization of the Double Directional UWB Residential Indoor Channel." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, no. 3 (March 2015): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2387418.

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17

NABETANI, TOSHIHISA, HIROKI YABU, EIICHI OHKUMA, and MAMORU FUKUI. "Wireless Channel Characterization for Indoor Environment in Thermal Power Plant." Electronics and Communications in Japan 99, no. 11 (October 18, 2016): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecj.11879.

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18

Muhehe, J. D., L. M. Muia, and W. O. Ogola. "Frequency Characterization of a Polarized UWB MIMO Channel at 3.5 GHz in an Indoor Environment." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.153.

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In this paper, frequency characterization of a UWB indoor MIMO channel is presented. Measurements were conducted on a 4×4 MIMO channel within the frequency range of 2 to 5 GHz with a fixed SNR of 30dB. The impact of antenna polarization on the mutual information was also analyzed with antennas interelement spacing fixed at 2λ. Channel capacity was analyzed both in NLOS and LOS scenarios. It is realized that the spectral efficiency of the channel is a function of the operating frequency and the channel bandwidth.

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19

Min, Seok-hwan, Hayeon Kim, Haengseon Lee, Woo Jin Byun, Minsoo Kang, Kwangseon Kim, Bong-su Kim, and Myung-sun Song. "Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Indoor Millimeter Wave Propagation at 24 GHz." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2318731.

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Indoor millimeter wave propagation at the frequency of 24 GHz is studied by experimental methods. Measurements are performed to obtain temporal and spatial channel model using a channel sounder and rotating antennas in a corridor. The measured impulse responses are processed to obtain compact channel model following Saleh-Valenzuela’s model. The responses are compared with those of 5.3 GHz for the same test sites. Angular spread of 24 GHz is found to be smaller than that of 5.3 GHz, while echoes of 24 GHz are found to be longer than those of 5.3 GHz.

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Li, Jian-zhi, Bo Ai, Rui-si He, Qi Wang, Mi Yang, Bei Zhang, Ke Guan, et al. "Indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation." Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 18, no. 6 (June 2017): 773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700021.

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21

Moraitis, N., and P. Constantinou. "Measurements and characterization of wideband indoor radio channel at 60 GHz." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5, no. 4 (April 2006): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2006.1618937.

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22

Chong, Chia-Chin, Young-Eil Kim, Su Khiong Yong, and Seong-Soo Lee. "Statistical characterization of the UWB propagation channel in indoor residential environment." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 5, no. 5 (2005): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.310.

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23

Lobeira Rubio, M., A. Garcia-Armada, R. P. Torres, and J. L. Garcia. "Channel modeling and characterization at 17 GHz for indoor broadband WLAN." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 20, no. 3 (April 2002): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.995518.

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24

Gulfam, Sardar, Syed Nawaz, Konstantinos Baltzis, Abrar Ahmed, and Noor Khan. "Characterization of Fading Statistics of mmWave (28 GHz and 38 GHz) Outdoor and Indoor Radio Propagation Channels." Technologies 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7010009.

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Extension of usable frequency spectrum from microwave to millimeter-wave (mmWave) is one of the key research directions in addressing the capacity demands of emerging 5th-generation communication networks. This paper presents a thorough analysis on the azimuthal multipath shape factors and second-order fading statistics (SOFS) of outdoor and indoor mmWave radio propagation channels. The well-established analytical relationship of plain angular statistics of a radio propagation channel with the channel’s fading statistics is used to study the channel’s fading characteristics. The plain angle-of-arrival measurement results available in the open literature for four different outdoor radio propagation scenarios at 38 GHz, as well as nine different indoor radio propagation scenarios at 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands, are extracted by using different graphical data interpretation techniques. The considered quantifiers for energy dispersion in angular domain and SOFS are true standard-deviation, angular spread, angular constriction, and direction of maximum fading; and spatial coherence distance, spatial auto-covariance, average fade duration, and level-crossing-rate; respectively. This study focuses on the angular spread analysis only in the azimuth plane. The conducted analysis on angular spread and SOFS is of high significance in designing modulation schemes, equalization schemes, antenna-beams, channel estimation, error-correction techniques, and interleaving algorithms; for mmWave outdoor and indoor radio propagation environments.

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25

Pérez, Jesús R., Óscar Fernández, Luis Valle, Abla Bedoui, Mohamed Et-tolba, and Rafael P. Torres. "Experimental Analysis of Concentrated versus Distributed Massive MIMO in an Indoor Cell at 3.5 GHz." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141646.

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This paper presents a measurement-based comparison between distributed and concentrated massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which are called D-mMIMO and C-mMIMO systems, in an indoor environment considering a 400 MHz bandwidth centered at 3.5 GHz. In both cases, we have considered an array of 64 antennas in the base station and eight simultaneously active users. The work focuses on the characterization of both schemes in the up-link, considering the analysis of the sum capacity, the total spectral efficiency (SE) achievable by using the zero forcing (ZF) combining method, as well as the user fairness. The effect of the power imbalance between the different transmitters or user terminal (UT) locations, and thus, the benefits of performing an adequate power control are also investigated. The differences between the C-mMIMO and D-mMIMO channel performances are explained through the observation of the structure of their respective measured channel matrices through parameters such as the condition number or the power imbalance between the channels established by each UT. The channel measurements have been performed in the frequency domain, emulating a massive MIMO system in the framework of a time-domain duplex orthogonal frequency multiple access network (TDD-OFDM-MIMO). The characterization of the MIMO channel is based on the virtual array technique for both C-mMIMO and D-mMIMO systems. The deployment of the C-mMIMO and D-MIMO systems, as well as the distribution of users in the measurement environment, has been arranged as realistically as possible, avoiding the movement of people or machines.

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26

Al-Saman, Ahmed, Michael Cheffena, Olakunle Elijah, Yousef A. Al-Gumaei, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, and Tawfik Al-Hadhrami. "Survey of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Models in Indoor Environments." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141653.

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The millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver a huge bandwidth to address the future demands for higher data rate transmissions. However, one of the major challenges in the mmWave band is the increase in signal loss as the operating frequency increases. This has attracted several research interests both from academia and the industry for indoor and outdoor mmWave operations. This paper focuses on the works that have been carried out in the study of the mmWave channel measurement in indoor environments. A survey of the measurement techniques, prominent path loss models, analysis of path loss and delay spread for mmWave in different indoor environments is presented. This covers the mmWave frequencies from 28 GHz to 100 GHz that have been considered in the last two decades. In addition, the possible future trends for the mmWave indoor propagation studies and measurements have been discussed. These include the critical indoor environment, the roles of artificial intelligence, channel characterization for indoor devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and mmWave for 6G systems. This survey can help engineers and researchers to plan, design, and optimize reliable 5G wireless indoor networks. It will also motivate the researchers and engineering communities towards finding a better outcome in the future trends of the mmWave indoor wireless network for 6G systems and beyond.

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27

Hussain, Rifaqat, Muhammad Umar Khan, Wajih Abu-Al-Saud, Ali Hussein Muqaibel, and Mohammad S. Sharawi. "CHARACTERIZATION OF RECONFIGURABLE MIMO ANTENNAS FOR CHANNEL CAPACITY IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 65 (2016): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc16042703.

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28

Gassara, Hela, Fatma Rouissi, and Adel Ghazel. "Statistical Characterization of the Indoor Low-Voltage Narrowband Power Line Communication Channel." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 56, no. 1 (February 2014): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2013.2272759.

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29

Ziri-Castro, Scanlon, and Evans. "Indoor radio channel characterization and modeling for a 5.2-GHz bodyworn receiver." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 3 (2004): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2004.836119.

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30

Zhao, Yan, Yang Hao, and Clive Parini. "FDTD Characterization of UWB Indoor Radio Channel Including Frequency Dependent Antenna Directivities." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 6 (2007): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2007.891963.

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31

Avella-Cely, Sandy Enrique, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Pérez, Herman Antonio Fernández-González, Lorenzo Rubio-Arjona, Juan Ribera Reig-Pascual, and Vicent Miguel Rodrigo-Peñarrocha. "Path Loss Characterization in an Indoor Laboratory Environment at 3.7 GHz in in Line-Of-Sight Condition." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 29, no. 54 (October 31, 2020): e12015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.12015.

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The objective of this work is to propose experimental path loss propagation models for communication channels in indoor environments. In this sense, an experimental path loss characterization has been achieved, according to the measurements campaign carried out in a typical scenario of a university campus. These narrowband measurements were collected in the laboratory environment at 3.7 GHz in line-of-sight (LOS) condition. Also, these measurements were carried out at night to simulate stationary channel conditions. Thus, the results obtained show the values of the parameters of the close-in (CI) free space reference distance and floating-intercept (FI) path loss models, in terms of the transmitter and receiver separation distance. It should be noted that these values of the path loss models have been extracted applying linear regression techniques to the measured data. Also, these values agree with the path loss exponent values presented by other researchers in similar scenarios. The path loss behavior can be described with the implementation of these models. However, more measurement campaigns are needed to improve the understanding of propagation channel features, as well as to obtain better precision in the results obtained. This, in order to optimize the deployment and performance of next fifth-generation (5G) networks that combine indoor environments to offer their services and applications.

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WU, HSIAO-CHUN, JI CHEN, ARJAN DURRESI, and HUAIBEI ZHOU. "AUTOMATIC GEOMETRY-DRIVEN OFDM QUALITY-OF-SERVICE ANALYSIS FOR INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 07, no. 01 (March 2006): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265906001648.

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This paper introduces a novel geometry-based simulation technique for the arbitrary indoor OFDM quality-of-service (QoS) analysis. This automatic geometry-driven approach integrates electromagnetic radio propagation modeling, channel characterization, and OFDM interference analysis to quantify the indoor OFDM performance through the off-site computer–aided procedures. Essential OFDM quality-of-service measures, such as signal-to-interference ratios (SIR) and bit error rates (BER) can be generated by this new analysis tool. The resulting QoS measure contours can be used by service providers and OFDM communication system designers to quantify the system performance and determine the optimal accessing locations for any indoor geometry.

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Suppayasarn, Atikom, Sarun Duangsuwan, and Sathaporn Promwong. "Indoor Multipath Interference Cancellation Using MMSE-CMA Estimator with 2.45 GHz of MIMO Channel Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.89.

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This paper studies an indoor multipath interference cancellation using the MMSE-CMA estimator for the unlicensed at 2.45 GHz of wireless communication systems. The proposed of the MMSE-CMA estimator can mitigate a superposition of the multipath interference at the receiver. As the result, the magnitudes of the channel characterization in the time domain are shown between the measured and estimated channel as a difference of number of iterations. Furthermore, we also confirm the multipath interference cancellation with the eye diagrams.

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Fortes, Miqueas, and Oswaldo González. "Testbed for Experimental Characterization of Indoor Visible Light Communication Channels." Electronics 10, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111365.

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In this paper, we describe an experimental testbed designed to evaluate indoor visible light communications (VLC) in realistic scenarios. The system is based on a mockup where the location and orientation of the optical receiver can be modified with precision for a static configuration of walls and ceiling lamp arrangements. The system utilizes a timing synchronization method, which is based on evaluating the training sequence periods used for channel response estimation, which enables robust frame synchronization. In addition, an adaptive rate orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme is used to assess the VLC performance throughout the receiver plane emulating a real communication. The preliminary results obtained with this prototype, considering a multiple-input single-output (MISO) scenario, demonstrate that reflection on walls yields a significant increase in data rates, which can be additionally improved if appropriate orientation of the receiver is implemented. However, vertical orientation upward of the optical receiver still constitutes a simple solution but efficient enough. Moreover, a good agreement between simulation and experimental results is observed, which confirms the suitability of the mockup as an experimental testbed for practical evaluation of indoor VLC systems, where system performance for different lamp arrangements and receiver designs, including multi-user communications, can be studied.

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35

ZUO, Xiaoya, Ding WANG, Rugui YAO, and Guomei ZHANG. "Indoor Channel Characterization and Performance Evaluation with Directional Antenna and Multiple Beam Combining." IEICE Transactions on Communications E99.B, no. 1 (2016): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2015isp0016.

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36

Prakash, Vankayala Chethan, G. Nagarajan, and P. Ramanathan. "Indoor Channel Characterization with Multiple Hypotheses Testing in Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8030.

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37

Rubio, Lorenzo, Juan Reig, Herman Fernández, and Vicent M. Rodrigo-Peñarrocha. "Experimental UWB Propagation Channel Path Loss and Time-Dispersion Characterization in a Laboratory Environment." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/350167.

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The knowledge of the propagation channel properties is an important issue for a successful design of ultrawideband (UWB) communication systems enabling high data rates in short-range applications. From an indoor measurement campaign carried out in a typical laboratory environment, this paper analyzes the path loss and time-dispersion properties of the UWB channel. Values of the path loss exponent are derived for the direct path and for a Rake receiver structure, examining the maximum multipath diversity gain when anallRake (ARake) receiver is used. Also, the relationship between time-dispersion parameters and path loss is investigated. The UWB channel transfer function (CTF) was measured in the frequency domain over a channel bandwidth of 7.5 GHz in accordance with the UWB frequency range (3.1–10.6 GHz).

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38

Celaya-Echarri, Azpilicueta, López-Iturri, Aguirre, and Falcone. "Performance Evaluation and Interference Characterization of Wireless Sensor Networks for Complex High-Node Density Scenarios." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163516.

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The uncontainable future development of smart regions, as a set of smart cities’ networks assembled, is directly associated with a growing demand of full interactive and connected ubiquitous smart environments. To achieve this global connection goal, large numbers of transceivers and multiple wireless systems will be involved to provide user services and applications anytime and anyplace, regardless the devices, networks, or systems they use. Adequate, efficient and effective radio wave propagation tools, methodologies, and analyses in complex indoor and outdoor environments are crucially required to prevent communication limitations such as coverage, capacity, speed, or channel interferences due to high-node density or channel restrictions. In this work, radio wave propagation characterization in an urban indoor and outdoor wireless sensor network environment has been assessed, at ISM 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. The selected scenario is an auditorium placed in an open free city area surrounded by inhomogeneous vegetation. User density within the scenario, in terms of inherent transceivers density, poses challenges in overall system operation, given by multiple node operation which increases overall interference levels. By means of an in-house developed 3D ray launching (3D-RL) algorithm with hybrid code operation, the impact of variable density wireless sensor network operation is presented, providing coverage/capacity estimations, interference estimation, device level performance and precise characterization of multipath propagation components in terms of received power levels and time domain characteristics. This analysis and the proposed simulation methodology, can lead in an adequate interference characterization extensible to a wide range of scenarios, considering conventional transceivers as well as wearables, which provide suitable information for the overall network performance in crowded indoor and outdoor complex heterogeneous environments.

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Celaya-Echarri, Mikel, Leyre Azpilicueta, Peio Lopez-Iturri, Erik Aguirre, and Francisco Falcone. "Performance Evaluation and Interference Characterization of Wireless Sensor Networks for Complex High-Node Density Scenarios." Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05729.

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The uncontainable future development of smart regions, as a set of smart cities’ assembled networks, is directly associated with a growing demand of full interactive and connected ubiquitous smart environments. To achieve this goal of global connection, a large number of transceivers and multiple wireless systems will be involved to provide user services and applications (i.e., Ambient Assisted Living, emergency situations, e-health monitoring, or Intelligent Transportation Systems) anytime and anyplace, regardless of the devices, networks, or systems used. Adequate, efficient, and effective radio wave propagation tools, methodologies, and analyses in complex environments (indoor and outdoor) are crucial to prevent communication limitations such as coverage, capacity, speed, or channel interferences due to nodes’ density or channel restrictions. In this work, radio wave propagation characterization in an urban indoor and outdoor environment, at ISM 2.4 GHZ and 5 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), has been assessed. The selected scenario is an auditorium placed in a free open area surrounded by inhomogeneous vegetation. User density within the scenario, in terms of inherent transceivers density, poses challenges to the overall system operation, given by multiple node operation which increases overall interference levels. By means of an in-house developed 3D ray launching algorithm, the impact of variable density wireless sensor network operation within this complex scenario is presented. This analysis and the proposed simulation methodology can lead in an adequate interference characterization, considering conventional transceivers as well as wearables, which provide suitable information for the overall network performance in complex crowded indoor and outdoor scenarios.

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40

Sani, A., A. Alomainy, G. Palikaras, Y. Nechayev, Yang Hao, C. Parini, and P. S. Hall. "Experimental Characterization of UWB On-Body Radio Channel in Indoor Environment Considering Different Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 1 (January 2010): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2024969.

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41

Moraitis, N., and P. Constantinou. "Indoor Channel Measurements and Characterization at 60 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network Applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 12 (December 2004): 3180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.836422.

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42

Rubio, Lorenzo, Rafael P. Torres, Vicent M. Rodrigo Peñarrocha, Jesús R. Pérez, Herman Fernández, Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo, and Juan Reig. "Contribution to the Channel Path Loss and Time-Dispersion Characterization in an Office Environment at 26 GHz." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111261.

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In this paper, path loss and time-dispersion results of the propagation channel in a typical office environment are reported. The results were derived from a channel measurement campaign carried out at 26 GHz in line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed-LOS (OLOS) conditions. The parameters of both the floating-intercept (FI) and close-in (CI) free space reference distance path loss models were derived using the minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE). The time-dispersion characteristics of the propagation channel were analyzed through the root-mean-squared (rms) delay-spread and the coherence bandwidth. The results reported here provide better knowledge of the propagation channel features and can be also used to design and evaluate the performance of the next fifth-generation (5G) networks in indoor office environments at the potential 26 GHz frequency band.

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Azpilicueta, Leyre, Peio Lopez-Iturri, Jaime Zuñiga-Mejia, Mikel Celaya-Echarri, Fidel Alejandro Rodríguez-Corbo, Cesar Vargas-Rosales, Erik Aguirre, David G. Michelson, and Francisco Falcone. "Fifth-Generation (5G) mmWave Spatial Channel Characterization for Urban Environments’ System Analysis." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 5360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185360.

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In this work, the channel characterization in terms of large-scale propagation, small-scale propagation, statistical and interference analysis of Fifth-Generation (5G) Millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands for wireless networks for 28, 30 and 60 GHz is presented in both an outdoor urban complex scenario and an indoor scenario, in order to consider a multi-functional, large node-density 5G network operation. An in-house deterministic Three-Dimensional Ray-Launching (3D-RL) code has been used for that purpose, considering all the material properties of the obstacles within the scenario at the frequency under analysis, with the aid of purpose-specific implemented mmWave simulation modules. Different beamforming radiation patterns of the transmitter antenna have been considered, emulating a 5G system operation. Spatial interference analysis as well as time domain characteristics have been retrieved as a function of node location and configuration.

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Al-Saman, Ahmed, Marshed Mohamed, Michael Cheffena, and Arild Moldsvor. "Wideband Channel Characterization for 6G Networks in Industrial Environments." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062015.

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Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot fully meet the increasingly rising data rate requirements. The Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile network is expected to achieve the high data rate requirements of new transmission technologies and spectrum. This paper presents the radio channel measurements to study the channel characteristics of 6G networks in the 107–109 GHz band in three different industrial environments. The path loss, K-factor, and time dispersion parameters are investigated. Two popular path loss models for indoor environments, the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and floating intercept (FI), are used to examine the path loss. The mean excess delay (MED) and root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) are used to investigate the time dispersion of the channel. The path loss results show that the CI and FI models fit the measured data well in all industrial settings with a path loss exponent (PLE) of 1.6–2. The results of the K-factor show that the high value in industrial environments at the sub-6 GHz band still holds well in our measured environments at a high frequency band above 100 GHz. For the time dispersion parameters, it is found that most of the received signal energy falls in the early delay bins. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using 6G networks operating above 100 GHz for industrial applications.

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Sharmin, Shaela, and Shakil Mahmud Boby. "Characterization of WLAN System for 60 GHz Residential Indoor Environment Based on Statistical Channel Modeling." International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies 10, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2020.02.05.

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Tlich, M., A. Zeddam, F. Moulin, and F. Gauthier. "Indoor Power-Line Communications Channel Characterization up to 100 MHz—Part II: Time-Frequency Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 3 (July 2008): 1402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2007.916095.

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Bharadwaj, Richa, and Shiban K. Koul. "Experimental Analysis of Ultra-Wideband Body-to-Body Communication Channel Characterization in an Indoor Environment." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 3 (March 2019): 1779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2883634.

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Hejselbaek, Johannes, Yilin Ji, Wei Fan, and Gert F. Pedersen. "Channel Sounding System for MM-Wave Bands and Characterization of Indoor Propagation at 28 GHz." International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 24, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10776-017-0365-0.

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Cotton, Simon L., and William G. Scanlon. "Channel Characterization for Single- and Multiple-Antenna Wearable Systems Used for Indoor Body-to-Body Communications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, no. 4 (April 2009): 980–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2014576.

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Yusuf, Marwan, Emmeric Tanghe, Maria-Teresa Martinez-Ingles, Juan Pascual-Garcia, Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo, Luc Martens, and Wout Joseph. "Frequency-Dependence Characterization of Electromagnetic Reverberation in Indoor Scenarios Based on 1–40 GHz Channel Measurements." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, no. 10 (October 2019): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2939662.

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