Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) / Dissertations / Theses
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

PITTANA, ILARIA. "The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and comfort in educational buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3460790.

Full text
Abstract:
Differently from what occurs during laboratories studies, in educational buildings schools’ occupants are exposed at once to acoustical, thermal, visual, and air quality stimuli, and the effect of the indoor environment on students’ perception and performance depends on their combined effects. The present research deals with the assessment of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in educational buildings by means of physical measurements (objective evaluation), questionnaire (subjective evaluation) and building model simulation and calibration. The work proposes different original methods for: the design of a standard subjective questionnaire consistent for the four comfort domains, i.e. IAQ, thermal, acoustic and visual environment (i); data collection, namely the monitoring of the main physical parameters related to the four comfort domains (ii) and the administration of the questionnaire (iii); data validation and analysis, namely the validation of the questionnaire (iv) and the correlation method between objective and subjective data (v); optimization-based calibration, using a multi-level multi-step approach. As highlighted in Chapter 1, students use to stay more than 30% of their daytime in classrooms, thus the importance of assessing and enhancing the indoor conditions of school buildings. The indoor conditions can be evaluated either through measurements of physical quantities related to the main IEQ domains or by means of questionnaires’ administration. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the state of the art of the assessment of the IEQ by means of questionnaires and measurements. Chapter 3 reports the innovative methodology developed during my doctoral program. In the first part, the method for evaluating the indoor conditions of school buildings through objective and subjective evaluation, namely respectively in-field measurements and questionnaires, is presented. The second part includes the optimization-based procedure to calibrate the energy model of educational buildings, which explores the optimization-based procedure to calibrate the energy model of an educational building from short-term monitoring of a portion of a building in selected periods. Chapter 4 presents the case studies considered for the application of the methodologies. The results reported in Chapter 5 are divided into three sections: the questionnaire validation (i), the correlation between objective and subjective data ´(ii) and the multi-level multi-step optimization-based calibration (iii). The results coming from the questionnaire validation are divided into three subsections according to the three selected KPIs, i.e. effectiveness, efficiency and resolution. The outcomes of the correlation between the subjective survey and the objective data are split based on the different type of analysis, namely the single-domain that consists in analyzing the correlation between measured environmental conditions and the subjective response within the same comfort domain, and the multi-domain that aims to explore the combine effects of different comfort domains. The last paragraph presents the results of the multi-level multi-step optimization-based calibration method applied to two monitoring periods, i.e. unoccupied building with system off and occupied building with system off. The outcomes include the results of the calibration and the validation of the building model in different periods with the same characteristics of the reference periods. The last chapter reports the main conclusions of the work and future developments of the research. The collected dataset and the developed strict methods should be considered as part of one complex and replicable approach which can serve as a basic conceptual framework for future studies focusing on the assessment the IEQ of educational buildings and other complex buildings can be used for further investigation on the assessment of IEQ and comfort in educational buildings.
Diversamente da quanto accade negli studi di laboratorio, negli edifici scolastici gli occupanti sono esposti contemporaneamente a stimoli acustici, termici, visivi e di qualità dell'aria e l'effetto dell'ambiente interno sulla percezione e sulle prestazioni degli studenti dipende dai loro effetti combinati. La presente ricerca si occupa della valutazione della qualità ambientale interna (IEQ) negli edifici scolastici mediante misurazioni fisiche (valutazione oggettiva), somministrazione di questionari (valutazione soggettiva) e simulazione e calibrazione di modelli energetici. Il lavoro propone diversi metodi originali per: la progettazione di un questionario soggettivo standard coerente per i quattro domini di comfort, ovvero IAQ, ambiente termico, acustico e visivo (i); raccolta dati (ii) e la somministrazione del questionario (iii); validazione e analisi dei dati, ovvero la validazione del questionario (iv) e il metodo di correlazione tra dati oggettivi e soggettivi (v); calibrazione basata sull'ottimizzazione, utilizzando un approccio multi-level multi-step. Come evidenziato nel Capitolo 1, gli studenti trascorrono più del 30% della loro giornata in classe, da qui l'importanza di valutare e migliorare le condizioni interne degli edifici scolastici. Le condizioni indoor possono essere valutate sia attraverso misure di grandezze fisiche relative ai principali domini sia tramite la somministrazione di questionari. Il capitolo 2 presenta una panoramica dello stato dell'arte della valutazione dell'IEQ mediante questionari e misurazioni. Il capitolo 3 riporta la metodologia innovativa sviluppata durante il mio programma di dottorato. Nella prima parte viene presentato il metodo per valutare le condizioni interne degli edifici scolastici attraverso valutazioni oggettive e soggettive, ovvero rispettivamente misurazioni in campo e questionari. La seconda parte include la procedura basata sull'ottimizzazione per calibrare il modello energetico degli edifici didattici, che esplora la procedura basata sull'ottimizzazione per calibrare il modello energetico di un edificio scolastico dal monitoraggio a breve termine di una porzione di un edificio in periodi selezionati. Il capitolo 4 presenta i casi di studio considerati per l'applicazione delle metodologie. I risultati riportati nel Capitolo 5 sono divisi in tre sezioni: la validazione del questionario (i), la correlazione tra dati oggettivi e soggettivi ´ (ii) e la calibrazione basata sull'ottimizzazione multi-level multi-step (iii). I risultati provenienti dalla validazione del questionario sono suddivisi in tre sottosezioni in base ai tre KPI selezionati, ovvero efficacia, efficienza e risoluzione. Gli esiti della correlazione tra l'indagine soggettiva e i dati oggettivi sono suddivisi in base al diverso tipo di analisi, ovvero single-domain che consiste nell'analizzare la correlazione tra le condizioni ambientali misurate e la risposta soggettiva all'interno dello stesso dominio di comfort, e multi-domain che mira a esplorare gli effetti combinati di diversi domini di comfort. L'ultimo paragrafo presenta i risultati del metodo di calibrazione basato sull'ottimizzazione multilivello multifase applicato a due periodi di monitoraggio, ovvero edificio non occupato con sistema spento e edificio occupato con sistema spento. L'ultimo capitolo riporta le principali conclusioni del lavoro e gli sviluppi futuri della ricerca. Il set di dati raccolto e i metodi rigorosi sviluppati dovrebbero essere considerati come parte di un approccio complesso e replicabile che può fungere da quadro concettuale di base per studi futuri incentrati sulla valutazione dell'IEQ degli edifici scolastici e di altri edifici complessi può essere utilizzato per ulteriori indagini su la valutazione dell'IEQ e del comfort negli edifici scolastici.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kim, Jungsoo. "Impact of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors on occupant evaluation of workspaces." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13341.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aims to better understand the relationship between perceived building performance on specific Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) factors and occupants’ overall evaluation of their workspace environment. A three-factor satisfaction model, developed originally in the context of marketing, has been adapted to and found suitable for the IEQ domain. Analyses were conducted on the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) database from Center for Built Environment (CBE) at the University of California, Berkeley to estimate the relative significance of individual IEQ factors on occupants’ overall workspace evaluation, depending on whether or not the occupants were satisfied with the IEQ factor in question. The empirical analysis suggested that a certain amount of input (i.e. increments or decrements of occupant satisfaction with individual IEQ factor) doesn’t necessarily lead to a commensurate desirable output (i.e. overall workspace satisfaction). According to each IEQ factor’s functional relationship with overall satisfaction, fifteen IEQ factors addressed in the CBE questionnaire were classified into three groups: (1) Basic Factors – having predominantly negative effects, (2) Bonus Factors – having predominantly positive effects, and (3) Proportional Factors – having both positive and negative effects with similar magnitudes. In general the IEQ factors tended to show negative asymmetry, becoming more critical when the building was deemed to be underperforming on them. This study also explored the influence of gender, building ventilation system type, and office layout configuration, on occupant IEQ satisfaction. (1) Female gender was significantly associated with increased dissatisfaction with all of the IEQ factors analysed in this thesis, but particularly with temperature, indoor air quality and workspace cleanliness. (2) Occupants of buildings with different ventilation systems responded in different ways to various IEQ dimensions. In naturally-ventilated buildings, good thermal conditions were associated with significantly enhanced workspace satisfaction and barely discernible adverse impacts. In air-conditioned buildings, on the other hand, thermal conditions were more directly associated with overall dissatisfaction with workspace environment. Occupants provided with higher degrees of adaptive opportunities were more satisfied with the IEQ of their workplaces. (3) Enclosed private offices clearly outperformed open-plan layouts iii in most aspects of IEQ, but particularly in acoustics, privacy and proxemics issues. Noise distraction and lack of privacy were identified as the major sources of workplace dissatisfaction in open-plan offices. The predicted decrements in overall workspace satisfaction due to privacy and acoustic issues in open-plan layouts were bigger than the predicted increment due to ease of communication between colleagues. Further analyses performed on an Australian POE database collected through Building Occupant Survey System Australia (BOSSA) project highlighted the benefits of external view through a window, positively affecting occupant satisfaction with workplace IEQ.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Peretti, Clara. "Analisi della qualità degli ambienti interni." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423623.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this work is to analyze the indoor environmental quality in buildings. There are several objectives: to study the parameters that define the indoor environmental quality, to study the methods of investigation in relation to the targets of the analysis and to analyze the influence of the occupants in the management of indoor parameters. In the first part of this work parameters that characterize the indoor environment are described; these are thermal comfort, air quality, lighting and acoustic. For each of them it will be analyzed the regulations and guidelines in force. The regulation UNI EN 15251 is described, because it is the primary reference for the definition of the indoor environmental quality. In addition, the standard is currently under review, bringing changes that are integrated with the topics discussed in this paper. In the second chapter the certification of building both energy and indoor is described. Three voluntary certification are presented, with a focus on the CasaClima certification, that has been used in a research on the analysis of air quality in hotels and, by the means of assessment questionnaires, in a global analysis for the re-certification of buildings. In the third part of this work measurement techniques are described, such as instrumentation monitoring and subjective measures carried out with questionnaires. Instruments described have been used in the analysis of the three case studies presented in chapter 4. In order to analyze thermal comfort, acoustic, lighting, management and heal of occupants and their mutual connections in residential buildings an apartment located in Padova has been analyzed. In it indoor air quality and ventilation problems were reported. The other two case study are non-residential buildings. Topics of indoor air quality, ventilation, energy efficiency and layout of school building and an office building have been analyzed. The school building, the School Stroppari located in Tezze sul Brenta, presents an innovative ventilation system with an earth to air heat exchanger. The office building is a public structure composed of 11 floors in which is installed an all in air system that provides heating, cooling and ventilation. In the final part there the most important aspects of the application of the analysis to the three case studies are summarized, in order to outline practical guidelines for the investigation on the overall indoor environmental quality.
Il presente lavoro approfondisce e analizza la qualità globale degli ambienti interni negli edifici. Diversi sono gli obiettivi: studiare i parametri che definiscono la qualità di un ambiente interno, studiare le metodologie di indagine in funzione degli obiettivi delle analisi e infine analizzare l’influenza degli occupanti nella gestione dei parametri indoor. Nella prima parte del lavoro sono stati approfonditi i parametri che caratterizzano gli ambienti interni: il comfort termo-igrometrico, la qualità dell’aria, la qualità illuminotecnica ed acustica. Per ognuno di essi sono state analizzate le normative e le linee guida vigenti. È stata approfondita la normativa UNI EN 15251, quale primario riferimento per la definizione della qualità degli ambienti interni. Inoltre la norma è attualmente in revisione, riportando modifiche che si integrano con i temi discussi nel presente lavoro. Nel secondo capitolo viene trattata la certificazione della qualità, a partire dalla certificazione energetica per poi descrivere quella dell’ambiente interno. Sono descritte tre certificazioni volontarie, con un particolare focus sulla certificazione CasaClima, oggetto di una collaborazione sull’analisi della qualità dell’aria nelle strutture alberghiere e sull’analisi globale tramite questionari per la ricertificazione degli edifici. Nella terza parte del lavoro vengono approfondite le tecniche di misura, quali monitoraggi tramite strumentazione e indagini soggettive mediante questionari. Le strumentazioni descritte sono state utilizzate nelle analisi dei tre casi studio, riportati nel capitolo 4. Per analizzare le tematiche del comfort termico, acustico, illuminotecnico, della gestione e salubrità (salute e benessere degli occupanti) e le loro reciproche connessioni negli edifici residenziali è stato scelto un edificio situato a Padova nel quartiere Forcellini. È stato selezionato un appartamento nel quale erano presenti evidenti problemi di qualità dell’aria e di ventilazione. Successivamente è stata analizzata la qualità degli ambienti interni in edifici non residenziali. In particolare sono state approfondite i temi della qualità dell’aria, ventilazione, salubrità, efficienza energetica e impiantistica in un edificio scolastico e in un edificio per uffici. L’edificio scolastico analizzato, la Scuola Stroppari situata a Tezze sul Brenta, presenta un innovativo sistema di ventilazione con uno scambiatore aria-terreno. L’edificio per uffici è una struttura pubblica composta da 11 piani nella quale è presente un sistema a tutt’aria per il riscaldamento, il raffrescamento e la ventilazione.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Riffelli, Stefano. "Sustainable comfort in indoor environments: global comfort indices and virtual sensors." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2700929.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Alzahrani, Hamdan M. "Developing a model for assessing the effect of physical indoor environment quality on teachers' performance in Saudi education buildings." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621725.

Full text
Abstract:
The nature and quality of the built learning environment affect occupants' comfort, wellbeing and performance. Within the broad range of studies of the physical indoor environment reported in the literature, there are several which have focused on the effects of these environmental conditions on the comfort and physical health of students and teachers, while the main consideration in others is the organizational health of the school. The parameters, which are measured often concern the state and condition of the physical environment. Categories of building features, which appear to influence comfort, health and wellbeing, include thermal sensation, acoustics, lighting, air quality, classroom equipment, learning resources and other aspects of the teachers' workspace. Those components of the physical of indoor environment, which are considered to most strongly affect occupants' comfort, wellbeing and performance, are subject to sets of standards. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of educational buildings and teachers' performance. Following a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of IEQ on teachers' comfort, wellbeing and performance, a case study was conducted in which physical measurements were made of a range of indoor environmental variables in the classrooms of a technical college in Saudi Arabia, during lessons. At the same time, the teachers of those classes were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to investigate the quality of the indoor environment and explore teacher performance. An artificial neural network was then used to create an assessment model in order to test the hypothesis that the quality of the indoor physical environment in educational buildings is related to teacher performance and to predict future data. This research makes both academic and practical contributions to the study of the relationship between IEQ and teachers' performance. The findings of this research will be used as a primary knowledge resource for future researches and to identify initial IEQ parameters and tools for further in-depth studies. In practical terms, it offers standards to help designers to consider the importance of IEQ and its impact on building users.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

GIOSUE', CHIARA. "Innovative multifunctional materials with low environmental impact for energy saving, comfort and health of indoor environment." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245557.

Full text
Abstract:
L’esigenza di un’elevata efficienza energetica degli edifici porta ad avere strutture isolate con limitati ricambi d’aria. Di conseguenza ci può essere un peggioramento della qualità dell’aria interna con aumento delle concentrazioni degli inquinanti aereo-dispersi e conseguenti ambienti confinati caratterizzati da una scarsa qualità dell’aria. Si spende molto tempo in ambienti confinati come uffici, residenze, scuole e altre strutture pubbliche che devono necessariamente avere un microclima sano e confortevole. Ristagni di umidità e concentrazioni elevate di inquinanti aereodispersi possono avere severe e gravi conseguenze sullo stato di salute degli occupanti degli edifici come la ben nota Sindrome da Edificio Malato (Sick Building Syndrom, SBS). Da qui nasce l’esigenza di sviluppare tecnologie che passivamente riescano a migliorate la qualità dell’aria indoor senza andare a inficiare sul conteggio energetico dell’edificio stesso. Lo scopo della ricerca è quello di sviluppare malte e/o finiture multifunzionali innovative che, senza ulteriori dispendi energetici, riescano a garantire un elevato comfort e la salubrità degli ambienti indoor. L’obiettivo sarà raggiunto impiegando nelle miscele preparate con diversi leganti (cemento, cemento fotocatalitico, calce idraulica naturale con e senza agente fotocatalitico) aggregati/filler non convenzionali con elevate capacità adsorbenti anche tramite l’utilizzo di sottoprodotti industriali. Le finiture multifunzionali potranno così adsorbire gli inquinanti aereodispersi in un reattore a micro-nano scala dove verranno rimossi, mantenendo nel tempo un’elevata efficienza. Dai risultati ottenuti si è dimostrato come le malte innovative multifunzionali, oltre a soddisfare i requisiti ordinari, sono in grado di migliorare passivamente la qualità dell’aria di ambienti confinati. In particolare le finiture garantiscono elevata traspirabilità, sono buoni tamponi igroscopici e hanno un’elevata capacità disinquinante.
Recent European laws and directives are stricter in terms of energy efficiency of buildings. Constructions are currently built up more sealed and air changing is not enough. This condition leads to a greater risk of unhealthy indoor environments. Due to the changing in lifestyle, people are nowadays spending indoor mostly of their time, so, indoor air quality (IAQ) is becoming a critical issue. Mortars, plasters and finishes can have an active role to improve IAQ. This study focused on innovative and multifunctional mortars to be used as finishes, able to improve IAQ, without wasting energy. The action of different binders (cement, photocatalytic cement, natural hydraulic lime with and without photocatalytic agents) was studied as well as the effects of adsorbent materials used as unconventional aggregates/fillers. The effect of using biomass waste materials was also investigated, to the aims of sustainability. In particular, multifunctional finishes can adsorb airborne pollutants in micro-nano-scale where they will be removed ensuring enough efficiency during time. The results show that the innovative multifunctional mortars for finishes, besides fulfilling the ordinary requirements, are able to improve passively IAQ, for the health and comfort of occupants, in terms of permeability, moisture buffering ability and depolluting activity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Tebbe, Hope M. "Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality in Four Nursing Home Facilities in Northwest Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493411129998087.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bonde, Magnus. "Green Buildings : Exploring performance and thresholds." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184874.

Full text
Abstract:
The overall aim of this research project is to study green/energy-efficient real estate from an economic perspective. The thesis summarizes the results from five different studies with a connection to green/energy-efficient real estate.The aim of the first paper (paper A) is to study how tenants perceive the indoor environment in green-rated premises, and to compare these results with tenants’ perception of a conventional building’s indoor environment. The main result is that the tenants in the green-rated building are more satisfied with the indoor environment than the tenants in the conventional building.Papers B and C assess whether energy efficiency has an impact on buildings’ income and market values using Swedish real-estate data. The key result is that although there is a small impact on building-related income, this does not seem to translate into a higher market value.The last two papers included in this thesis study hindrances to a more energy-efficient building sector. In paper D, two office buildings are used as baseline cases to provide insights into the difficulties that can arise when trying to upgrade a building to make it more energy efficient. The results indicate that changing existing leases is a prohibitive process and that it is often difficult to evaluate the final impact of an energy upgrade. The last paper focuses on why it may be rational to postpone green refurbishments even if they are profitable. The main result is that it may be rational to postpone such refurbishments. However, by introducing different financial penalties and/or subsidies, these investments could be triggered today.To sum up, the results indicate that green buildings are preferred by tenants, but that there still appear to be economic barriers to a greener building sector.
Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att studera grön/energieffektiva byggnader ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Avhandlingen består av en kappa och fem separata studier, vilka belyser tre olika forskningsfrågor. Syftet med den första studien är att studera hur hyresgäster upplever inomhusmiljön i gröna byggnader. I studien jämförs inomhusmiljön i en grön byggnad med inomhusmiljön i en likvärdig konventionell byggnad. Resultatet visar, på det stora hela, att hyresgästerna är mer nöjda med inomhusmiljön i den gröna byggnaden. De nästföljande studierna, B respektive C, undersöker om byggnadens energiprestanda har någon inverkan på dess hyra respektive marknadsvärde. Resultaten visar på en liten signifikant hyrespåverkan, dock verkar denna inte ha någon effekt på byggnadernas marknadsvärdebedömningar. Skälet till detta kan vara att hyrespremien anses för liten för att ha någon signifikant inverkan på byggnadens marknadsvärde, alternativt att fastighetsvärderare inte beaktar energiprestanda när en fastighet värderas. De två sista studierna studerar varför vissa, tillsynes lönsamma, energiinvesteringar inte genomförs. Resultaten från studie D visar på svårigheterna med att ingå ett samarbetsavtal (för att eliminera felaktiga incitament) mellan hyresgäst och hyresvärd. Sådana avtal tar lång tid att förhandla fram och det uppkommer ofta svårigheter med att utvärdera de tänkta energiinvesteringarnas ekonomiska utfall. Studie E utgår ifrån en realoptionsmodell, vilken används för att utvärdera när ”gröna” renoveringar bör genomföras i en befintlig byggnad. Studien visar att det kan vara rationellt att vänta trots att investeringen idag är lönsam. Vidare visar resultaten att det är möjligt att via byggsubventioner/finansiella ”straff” påverka aktörer att tidigarelägga energieffektiviseringsåtgärder.  Dock är det viktigt att dessa utformas korrekt så att det inte skapar några snedvridna incitament. Övergripande visar resultaten att gröna byggnader är att föredra ur ett brukarperspektiv men att det fortfarande finns ekonomiska hinder för en mer hållbar byggsektor. Nyckelord: gröna byggnader, energieffektiva byggnader, EPC, inomhusmiljö, Realoptioner, fastighetsekonomi.

QC 20160407

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Monti, Francesca. "Lighting of University lecture halls:a Design Proposal for Palazzo Malvezzi - Campeggi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21143/.

Full text
Abstract:
Many university lecture halls in Bologna are based inside historic buildings and noble palaces, not designed for students as they are built for a different purpose. The daylight contribution in the rooms is usually not sufficient to satisfy the requirements for school premises; moreover, artificial lighting mainly consists in lamps with high consumption and low performances. Under these conditions the student's visual comfort is not optimal. The following work is based on the open site analysis about the state of art of some university classrooms and their led re-design. The case studies are the lecture halls of Palazzo Malvezzi-Campeggi in Bologna, including the two noble halls on the main floor and the Aula Magna. It has been possible to interact with the acoustic component, not treated here, developing an integrated project able to meet the needs of both parties. The classrooms were qualified through simulations with lighting design software, in accordance with EN 12464, analyzing the daylight factor and the visual comfort parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kashanifar, Mehrad. "Sustainable Development of Buildings (Green Buildings )." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka. "In the Business of Building Green : The value of low-energy residential buildings from customer and developer perspectives." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131375.

Full text
Abstract:
An overarching aim of this research was to investigate the comprehensive value of green residential buildings as seen from two perspectives: that of the developer and that of the occupant (the customer). The dissertation consists of studies presented in seven papers.  The studies conducted to investigate the developer’s perspective focused on construction cost and potential profit (papers I and VII). The customer’s perspective was examined with three approaches: the impact that energy and environment have on the decision to purchase (or rent) an apartment (paper V), willingness to pay for a green apartment (paper VI) and finally, the occupants’ satisfaction with the dwelling and indoor environment (papers II, III and IV).  The first paper examines whether increased investment costs are profitable, taking into account the reduction in operating costs. The investment viability is approached by comparing investment in conventional and green residential building, particularly passive houses, using real construction and post-occupancy conditions. The increased investment costs in energy-efficient building were also the focus of paper VII. In this paper, the aim was to study how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts on the profitability of the investment. Potential losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings were assessed using a modelled building and analysed with the help of the average construction cost. Papers II and IV present results from a study of occupants’ satisfaction and indoor environmental qualities. Both papers aim at comparing and analysing responses from occupants living in green and conventional buildings. Paper III focuses on a similar subject, but investigates occupants’ satisfaction among all adults living in multi-family buildings in Sweden, providing a national context for the results presented in papers II and IV. The results indicate that occupants are generally satisfied with their dwellings, but indoor environment proved to have a statistically significant effect on overall satisfaction. The results in paper V indicate that energy and environmental factors have a minor impact on customers’ decision to purchase or rent an apartment. However, availability of information on building energy and environmental performance may have an effect on the likelihood of the buyers’ being interested in environmental qualities and consequently an impact on their decision. The study presented in paper VI shows that customer interest in energy and environmental factors has a significant impact on stated willingness to pay for green dwellings. The paper discusses the stated willingness to pay for low-energy buildings and buildings with an environmental certificate and attempts to assess the rationale of the stated willingness to pay for low-energy dwellings given potential energy savings.
Fokus i detta forskningsprojekt har legat på att undersöka värdet av gröna bostäder ur ett brett perspektiv, dvs både genom att studera byggherrens och de boendes (kundens) synpunkter. I avhandlingen ingår sju uppsatser. Undersökningen av byggherrens synpunkter fokuserades på kostnader och potentiella inkomster (uppsats I och VII). Kundernas åsikter undersöktes på tre olika sätt: vilken effekt energi och miljö faktorer hade på beslut att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet (uppsats V), betalningsvilja för gröna bostäder (uppsats VI) och slutligen de boendes trivsel samt nöjdhet med inomhusmiljön (uppsats II,III och IV). Den första uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om ökningen av investeringskostnader vid byggande av gröna byggnader kan täckas av framtida energibesparingar och minskning av driftkostnad. Investeringens lönsamhet undersöktes genom att jämföra skillnader i byggkostnader mellan konventionella och gröna bostäder med skillnader i driftskostnader givet olika antaganden om energipriser och räntekrav. Huvudfokus i uppsats VII var också byggkostnader, men denna gång undersöktes hur nya tekniska lösningar påverkar boarea och lönsamhet av energieffektiva bostäder.  Genom att konstruera en modell av ett typhus analyserades potentiella ökningar i boarea med nya lösningar och hur detta påverkade lönsamheten i olika geografiska lägen (prisnivåer). Uppsatserna II och IV presenterar resultat från boendeundersökningar. Båda uppsatserna syftar till att undersöka boendes trivsel och nöjdhet med inomhusmiljö samt att testa skillnaden i svar från boende i gröna och konventionella bostäder.  Uppsats III fokuserar också på inomhusmiljön, men analysen gjordes på svaren som samlades in under Boverkets projekt BETSI och resultaten är därmed representativa för alla vuxna som bor i flerfamiljshus i Sverige. Uppsats III ger därmed en national kontext för uppsatserna II och IV. Resultaten visar att boende trivs i sina bostäder, men inomhusmiljön har en statistiks signifikanta effekt på allmän nöjdhet faktor.. Resultaten i uppsats V tyder på att energi- och miljöaspekter spelar mindre roll i beslutet att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet. Den synliga informationens tillgänglighet angående byggnadens energi- och miljöprestanda, påverkar kundens intresse för dessa faktorer och därmed indirekt hushållets beslut. Resultaten i uppsats VI pekar på att kunderna, som är intresserade av byggnaders energi och miljö prestanda, är villiga att betala mer för gröna bostäder. I uppsats 6 diskuteras betalningsvilja för låg-energi byggnader och för byggnader med miljöcertifikat samt utvärderas om den angivna betalningsviljan är rationell beslut när man tar hänsyn till nuvärdet av framtida energibesparingar.

QC 20131014

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Ali, Sani Muhammad. "Measured and perceived conditions of indoor environmental qualities (IEQ) of university learning environments in semi-arid tropics." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measured-and-perceived-conditions-of-indoor-environmental-qualities-ieq-of-university-learning-environments-in-semiarid-tropics(b611ff99-e930-42bc-b254-36d29cf6de97).html.

Full text
Abstract:
This study investigates the conditions and the levels of satisfaction with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in naturally ventilated (NV) learning environments in Bayero University, Kano and compares the results to international comfort standards' thresholds. It examines the thermal and visual comfort, acoustic quality as well as the indoor air quality of six learning environments in the University consisting of four lecture theatres and two laboratories. Researches in IEQ have shown that good quality indoor environment enhances occupants' comfort, wellbeing, raises their productivity, and most importantly for this research, it raises students' performances, reduces absenteeism, and reduces stress and fatigue among teachers. IEQ researches are mostly being undertaken in the four most advanced continents that are situated in the temperate regions of the world, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. Using both measurement and survey methods, internal and external physical parameters (air and radiant temperatures, air velocity, relative humidity, background noise, sound pressure level, horizontal and vertical illumination level, carbon dioxide concentration and particulate matter) were evaluated. The assessments were undertaken three times covering ten months, August 2016 to May 2017, which coincided with the three distinct seasons (warm and wet; cool and dry & hot and dry) in Kano. PMV model, as always, failed to predict the thermal conditions of the learning environments. Similarly some of the measured and calculated IEQ parameters, have not met the thresholds specified by the adaptive components of ASHRAE-55, but were in agreement with EN 15251, the respondents expressed their acceptance of their learning environments, subjectively. This is not surprising as these standards were often based on experiments implemented in developed countries, where the severity of the climatic conditions and the culture are dissimilar to sub Saharan Africa. The outcome of the research is hoped to raise awareness of IEQ potentialities among the academia, building industry professionals, building owners, university managers and other education policy makers in the region.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Adler, Stuart Alan. "Indoor air quality and architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23178.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Ortiz, Pérez Alvaro [Verfasser]. "Smart Technologies for Indoor Environmental Quality Control / Alvaro Ortiz Pérez." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205239553/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Metzger, A. Susanne. "Assurance of Indoor Environmental Quality through Building Diagnostics at Schematic Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31057.

Full text
Abstract:
With increasing knowledge about the indoor climate in recent years, preventive methods to avoid health problems caused by deficient building performance may become preferable to reactive methods. Benefits from preventive actions have been suggested for late building design phases, construction, and building operations, however, few data are available that demonstrate the benefits of preventive actions in early planning phases.

In a case study, expected building performance in respect to indoor air quality and thermal conditions in a large judicial facility in North America was evaluated retrospectively at the end of the schematic design and substantial completion phases. A process for evaluation of building performance at schematic design is developed from existing procedures for building diagnostics in operating buildings. Criteria for evaluation of expected building environmental quality at schematic design as available from standards and guidelines are presented.

The results of the study show that building diagnostics at schematic design can be an effective mean of prevention of occupant health problems. Further findings indicate that the assurance of indoor environmental quality can be improved, if the criteria for expected building performance are defined and complied with from early on. It is concluded that implementation of building diagnostics in early project phases can reduce the likelihood of adverse health effects in operating buildings.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Tran, Ngoc Quang. "Optimisation of indoor environmental quality and energy consumption within office buildings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64114/1/Ngoc%20Quang_Tran_Thesis.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
This research investigated airborne particle characteristics and their dynamics inside and around the envelope of mechanically ventilated office buildings, together with building thermal conditions and energy consumption. Based on these, a comprehensive model was developed to facilitate the optimisation of building heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, in order to protect the health of their occupants and minimise the energy requirements of these buildings.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Kasper, Kenneth M. "Does exposure science support the concern over indoor air quality? /." Link to online version, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1546.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Trivette, Miriam Rachel. "Indoor Air Quality: Determination of VOC's in a Reproductive Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2168.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to perform an indoor air quality (IAQ) investigation at the Center for Applied Reproductive Science (CARS) to assess whether VOCs exist at levels dangerous to embryo. Formaldehyde, n-hexane, benzene, and styrene concentrations were measured at six locations. Formaldehyde concentrations were comparable to office and residential indoor air. N-hexane, benzene, and styrene were not detected. In addition, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol were detected. IAQ parameters (carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, pressure, and particulates) were measured at 22 sites monthly for one year. Temperature and humidity readings were within Environmental Protection Agency recommendations. Particulate concentrations were below Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Pressure readings indicated the facility was under a negative pressure. Carbon dioxide concentrations exceeded recommendations established by American Society for Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Recommendations include assessing air intakes to assure dampers are adjusted to allow 15 ft3/min/person of fresh air established by ASHRAE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Nastasi, Nicholas A. "Indoor Environmental Quality: Overview of the Role of Residential Homes, Environmental Hazards, and Mitigation Strategies in Human Health." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1616860804802192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Hamilton, Julia Hamilton. "INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING: MY INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE AS AN AIR MONITOR FOR NOVA ENVIRONMENTAL, INC." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1533128524889332.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Rodriguez, Monica. "Relationships Between Environmental Factors and Fungi on Occupants' Perceptions of Indoor Air Quality." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/474.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent decades, concerns about potential health effects resulting from exposure to contaminants that cause indoor air pollution have dramatically increased. The purpose of this study was to assess the indoor air quality of three buildings at Western Kentucky University and to examine and characterize indoor levels of basic comfort parameters, carbon dioxide, and fungi as well as occupants' perceptions of poor indoor air quality and the role of fungi on reported health symptoms. The three buildings included in the study were: Tate Page Hall (TPH), Jones Jagger Hall (JJH) and Science and Technology Hall (STH). Fifty-three questionnaires were completed by faculty and staff in the three buildings. The questionnaires, in addition to a walkthrough inspection and information from the Environmental Health and Safety Director and building coordinators formed the basis for classification of the three buildings (TPH and STH as complaint and JJH as noncomplaint). Comfort parameters, CO2, and fungi were measured indoors at selected offices for approximately five hours each day in summer of 2004. Measurements were also made outdoors for comparison of indoor samples. Airborne samples for viable fungi were collected onto malt Extract Agar using a single-stage Impactor calibrated at a flow rate of 28 liters per minute (L/min) for five minutes. Air samples for non-viable fungi were collected with Air-O-Cell Cassettes using the SKC Bio-Pump at a flow rate of 15L/min for ten minutes. Additionally, bulk samples were collected from areas with visible molds. The fungal samples were sent to two contract and accredited laboratories for analysis. The basic parameters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The results of the questionnaires showed response rates of 35 % for STH and TPH, and 30 %, for JJH. The most common indoor air quality (IAQ) complaints were allergies (27%), mold (27%), dust in the air (17%), temperature (13%), lack of airflow or stuffiness (10%), and physical symptoms (7%). The average indoor levels of basic parameters were within the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE's) recommended limits for both complaint buildings. ANOVA results showed that the levels of environmental measurements differed significantly across buildings. Airborne indoor concentrations of fungi were significantly higher than the outdoor in STH and TPH. Whereas JJH had less than 50% indoor fungi compared to outdoor. The most prevalent fungi were Aspergillus, Acremonium Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Yeast. However, certain toxin producing fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys species) that have been associated with human health effects such as asthma and allergies were isolated from a number of indoor samples at higher levels in the complaint buildings than the non-complaint building. The presence of higher indoor (compare to outdoor) levels and more species of toxigenic fungi would indicate inadequate ventilation and poor indoor air quality. Poor indoor air quality resulting from allergic diseases has been associated with increased rate of Absenteeism and reduced productivity. Remedial actions are recommended for improved building design, operation and maintenance with a view to improving indoor air quality, occupants comfort, and public health.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Lei, Yizhong. "An investigation of the indoor environmental quality of a sustainable building at UBC." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46511.

Full text
Abstract:
Aspects of the indoor environment that directly influence the occupants are ventilation, indoor-air quality (IAQ), acoustic and thermal condi¬tions, as well as lighting. All five aspects were studied to investigate the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in a sustainable building (CIRS) at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver campus. Physical measurements were made in several selected spaces (mainly offices and meeting rooms) to monitor indoor parameters such as background noise level, reverberation time, VOC and CO₂ concentrations, ambient temperature, relative humidity, indoor illuminance level, etc. Building performance was analyzed by comparing the measurement results to standard criteria, and to the design goals of CIRS. Several selected spaces in CIRS were found unsatisfactory in some aspects of IEQ – e.g. the mechanical ventilation system was unable to remove 80% of outdoor ultrafine particles; more than 20% of the measured spaces exceeded the maximum recommended background noise level; 100% of the noise isolations between offices and their surroundings were inadequate; speech privacy between adjacent private offices was poor; rooms in the South wing suffered from very high illuminance levels, etc. Building features and management details that influenced IEQ were discussed to analyze the relationships between building design/operation and performance. Several room features were discussed, such as air change rate, furnishing material, ventilation types, acoustical characteristics, etc. Several conclusions were drawn – e.g. ventilation conditions of rooms were highly affected by the door/windows statuses; rooms with the lowest air change rates had the highest UFP concentrations; crowd noises in the atrium caused high background noise levels; inadequate noise isolations were caused by indoor light-weight partitions, etc.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Keeling, Trevor. "Developing a holistic set of parameters to evaluate and monitor indoor environmental quality." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74318/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis uses four studies to outline a series of problems that should be overcome to improve the specification of sensor systems to monitor, measure and evaluate people’s experience of the indoor environment. These are also relevant to the use of parameters to define building performance in design as part of parametric design. These problems are: • It is not simple or straightforward to reduce even simple environmental stimuli to single parameters that are representative of occupant experience: o During the post occupancy evaluation that we carried out we uncovered emergent factors that are important for understanding overall building performance; these factors cannot be linked to component indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors. The factors include the values that occupants associate with their building and the dynamics of group control. o In another of our studies we contrast the experience of sound, which is more complex and requires a greater degree of information processing, to that of air temperature, which is simpler and can be modelled according to energetic principles. It is harder to parameterise the former. • Physiological sensors can be used to identify salient environmental experiences. This might, in the future, help to characterise complex environments. However, it would reveal little about the underlying thought processes (i.e. why the experience was occurring). • An alternative way to characterise complex experiences (such as privacy or soundscapes) is to categorise, grade and combine elements of the physical environment. This remains problematic for sensor systems. • Appraisals can be used to understand the thought process that underpins experience of the environment. However, they require that user feedback is incorporated into future sensor systems. Appraisals offer a compact method (as few as five questions) for unlocking some underlying thought processes and they could be used to identify where problems have a psychological as well as physical dimensions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Hamehkasi, Maryam. "Effects of low humidity on comfort, health, and indoor environmental quality: literature review." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32498.

Full text
Abstract:
Master of Science
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Melanie M. Derby
Ronaldo G. Maghirang
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of humidity on comfort, health, and indoor environment quality (IEQ) using a comprehensive literature review. Published papers were obtained from keyword and citation searches from bibliographic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), including papers from 1985 to 2015. Over 600 papers were identified and classified based on topic area; from these papers, seven were chosen as case studies for this report. The seven papers represent studies on various topics, including bacteria, influenza/virus transmission, elderly subjects, indoor air quality, effects on eyes and skin, dust mites, and asthma. Theunissen et al. (1993) showed bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) do not act the same in low or high humidity conditions. Lowen et al. (2007) studied influenza transmission. Sunwoo et al. (2006) used elderly subjects to study eyes, skin, and comfort. Reinikianen et al. (1992) and Nordström et al. (1994) surveyed a large number of subjects, controlled humidity, and assessed multiple factors regarding indoor health and comfort. Arlian et al. (2001) implemented dehumidifier as a way to reduce house dust mites. Kaminsky et al. (1995) tested asthmatic subjects and healthy subjects to compare the effects of dry air on asthma. From these case studies low humidity appeared to have a variety of effects on health and comfort; however, no precise and defined borderline exists to distinguish acceptable low humidity. Acceptable low humidity levels depend on many factors, including building location and purpose, age of occupants, and climatic conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Prakash, Preethi. "Effect of indoor environmental quality on occupant's perception of performance a comparative study /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013301.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

DEL, BOLGIA MONICA. "Indoor environmental quality and occupants' comfort:a comprehensive understanding of humans' perception and adaptiveness." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202241.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In recent years, a number of studies in the realm of Indoor Environmental Quality have been set to better understand occupants’ perception and behaviour phaenomena. Differences in people’s perception of the indoor environment, personal preferences with regard to the air quality, thermal and visual comfort, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, economic and sociological aspects could have a relevant impact on the building energy performance. At the same time, indoor environmental conditions could considerably affect health, productivity and comfort of people. Due to the dual nature of this problem, on one hand a recent increase in efforts toward developing dependable models of occupants’ presence and interactions with building control systems has been observed; on the other hand, more strictly regulations have been introduced and new standards have been developed in order to ensure an even higher quality of indoor environmental conditions. However, due to the complexity of multiple interacting factors, there is a lack of knowledge focusing on a holistic comprehension of users’ sensation and behaviour. The present contribution undertakes an empirically-based study in the area of Indoor Environmental Quality and represents an attempt to provide an additional contribution in the fields of humans’ perception and adaptiveness. For this purpose, two significantly different building typologies were investigated: the first one is a mechanically cooled and heated classroom at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, with “passive” occupants and a short-term monitoring and surveys; the second one is a naturally ventilated office area at the Vienna University of Technology, with “active” occupants and a long-term high-resolution monitoring. Starting from raw data, comparisons and structured analysis were carried out. This allowed for objective and subjective assessments of the indoor environmental conditions across different seasons (summer and winter periods), occupants’ conditions (steady state or transient) and system operations (ventilation system on/off). The results generally shed light on the complexity in the evaluation of the indoor environmental conditions related to inhabitants’ comfort perception in buildings. The main critical issue lies in the “noise” generated by the simultaneous presence of a large set of possible factors influencing users’ perception and behaviour. As a consequence of the subjective nature of human perception, the generated occupants’ behaviours are not easy to predict. Despite it is anything but trivial to identify unambiguous and clear “signals” of individual causal factors, it is hard to quantify their “weight” and relative importance. Even under deeply different boundary conditions (conditioned building versus naturally ventilated building, mediterranean versus continental climate, pronounced differences in the cultural, social and economic backgrounds of occupants), the obtained results mainly reveal consistent common outcomes and allowed for some general considerations: the higher the hygro-thermal comfort satisfaction, the higher the Indoor Air Quality perceived. As a Abstract iv consequence, a limited awareness in the perception of the real Indoor Air Quality, expressed in terms of air exchange rate and conventionally represented by the carbon dioxide concentration, has been observed, especially when the overall indoor environmental conditions were perceived as comfortable. This bias related to the human subjective perception represents a significant matter, not only in terms of comfort evaluation and control-action behaviours, but also in terms of effects on occupants’ health and well-being and the risks connected to the long-exposure to indoor air pollution. Future research in this scientific area are mainly related to the development of more reliable occupancy-related models for building applications and simulations, based on the improvement of a more comprehensive understanding of humans’ perception and behaviour phaenomena. The further broadening of knowledge in this field, coupled with the development of more accurate regulations and standards focused on the rational use of energy, represents an important challenge in the context of the future sustainable development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Collinge, William O. "A dynamic life cycle assessment framework for whole buildings including indoor environmental quality impacts." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3573266.

Full text
Abstract:

Life cycle assessment (LCA) can aid in quantifying the environmental impacts of whole buildings by evaluating materials, construction, operation and end of life phases with the goal of identifying areas of potential improvement. Since buildings have long useful lifetimes, and the use phase can have large environmental impacts, variations within the use phase can sometimes be greater than the total impacts of other phases. Additionally, buildings are operated within changing industrial and environmental systems; the simultaneous evaluation of these dynamic systems is recognized as a need in LCA. At the whole building level, LCA of buildings has also failed to account for internal impacts due to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The two key contributions of this work are 1) the development of an explicit framework for DLCA and 2) the inclusion of IEQ impacts related to both occupant health and productivity. DLCA was defined as “an approach to LCA which explicitly incorporates dynamic process modeling in the context of temporal and spatial variations in the surrounding industrial and environmental systems.” IEQ impacts were separated into three types: 1) chemical impacts, 2) nonchemical health impacts, and 3) productivity impacts. Dynamic feedback loops were incorporated in a combined energy/IEQ model, which was applied to an illustrative case study of the Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation (MCSI) building at the University of Pittsburgh. Data were collected by a system of energy, temperature, airflow and air quality sensors, and supplemented with a postoccupancy building survey to elicit occupants’ qualitative evaluation of IEQ and its impact on productivity. The IEQ+DLCA model was used to evaluate the tradeoffs or co-benefits of energy-savings scenarios. Accounting for dynamic variation changed the overall results in several LCIA categories—increasing nonrenewable energy use by 15% but reducing impacts due to criteria air pollutants by over 50%. Internal respiratory effects due to particulate matter were up to 10% of external impacts, and internal cancer impacts from VOC inhalation were several times to almost an order of magnitude greater than external cancer impacts. An analysis of potential energy saving scenarios highlighted tradeoffs between internal and external impacts, with some energy savings coming at a cost of negative impacts on either internal health, productivity or both. Findings support including both internal and external impacts in green building standards, and demonstrate an improved quantitative LCA method for the comparative evaluation of building designs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

TOMMOSGÅRD, MICHELLE. "Indoor Environmental Quality Audit and Investigation of Ceiling Fans in an Aged Care Facility." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187915.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis project involved research into the thermal comfort of the occupants and staff at the Warrigal aged care facility at Warilla, NSW, Australia. An Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Audit has been completed with a focus on parameters of luminance, noise levels, concentrations of CO2, NO2, formaldehyde and CO, and air velocity. An extensive investigation of the distribution of indoor air temperature and relative humidity has been performed. Small sensors called ‘iButtons’ were installed to record the relative humidity and air temperature every 15-minutes in many locations throughout the facility.  It is important to note that the main occupants of Warilla aged care facility suffer from dementia, were bed-ridden elderly people or otherwise healthy older adults. It is thought that sensations of feeling comfortable in the indoor environment are perceived differently by elderly people and especially by dementia patients. This thesis work primarily focussed on the thermal comfort of adults with an emphasis on elderly and dementia patients. The results of the IEQ audit have been compared with recognised standards e.g. AHSRAE ADDENDA 62.1, ASHRAE 55, EN 15251, EN 12464, ISO 7730 and ISO/TS 14415.  Furthermore, this thesis project involved the development of a CFD model to predict the airflow induced by ceiling fans in an indoor environment. Such ceiling fans were installed in the Warilla aged care facility as a result of a previous audit, and it was thought that these might have resulted in uncomfortable air temperatures in the bedrooms and dining rooms. Since the ceiling fans can assist in controlling the sensation of thermal comfort, these were investigated with a model built in ANSYS CFX. To validate the model, experimental measurements were compared with the results of the model, and an agreement was found to be around ±20-35% with the experimental results of measured air velocity of ceiling fans.   The outcomes of the report are included in the end of this thesis. The IEQ audit found uncomfortable measures of temperature and humidity, mainly in the summer and spring seasons. In addition, the CFD modelling resulted in the performance of ceiling fans and the air velocities induced by it in relation to thermal comfort, which were outside of the thermal comfort criteria discussed in Chapter 3 (ASHRAE 55, 2013).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Abbass, Omed Akber. "Ozone Interaction with Indoor Building Materials and HVAC Filters." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3771.

Full text
Abstract:
As modern life develops, humans spend most of their time inside buildings. Understanding the effects of different building materials that exist indoors on indoor air quality is crucial to ensure comfort, health, and productivity of building occupants. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important field of building science that focuses on studying the existence of different compounds indoors. These compounds include: airborne particles such as dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as carbonyls, reactive gases such as radon, ozone and others. Ozone is a strong oxidant gas that has adverse effects on human health, and is highly reactive with building materials that exist indoors. This reaction may reduce its concentration indoors, but may produce other by-products that could be more harmful for human health than ozone itself. In this dissertation, ozone reaction with different building materials is investigated in four studies. The first includes studying the effect of indoor carpet fiber type on ozone removal and carbonyl emissions. This study provides valuable data and knowledge about the importance of selecting carpet type and its effect on indoor environment. In the second study, different indoor plants were tested to evaluate their ability to remove ozone. The results from this study show wide variation between plants tested on ozone removal. Also, the ability of plants as ozone removal agent changes as light levels change. The third part studies ozone removal efficiency of HVAC filters previously installed in air handling units located on green and white membrane roofs of a commercial building. Detailed filter surface analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to understand the nature of deposits on these filters. The reason for differences in ozone removal efficiency of two filters in comparison with new filter is also discussed. The fourth study investigated ozone removal and carbonyl emissions from three different VOC content indoor latex paints. The outcomes from this research show that zero VOC latex paint has the most ozone effective removal capacity and this paint is the least carbonyl emitter. The research presented in this dissertation adds new data, valuable knowledge, and expands the understanding of the importance of selecting indoor materials to raise indoor air quality and make the buildings' indoor environment healthier and safer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Betuz, Naima Ebru. "Assessment Of Indoor Air Quality In Crowded Educational Spaces." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615317/index.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Indoor air quality has become a challenge together with the global aim &lsquo
decreasing energy consumption&rsquo
. Increasing insulation levels of building envelopes but implementing inaccurate building system details has caused excessive heat, accumulation of pollutants, etc. in spaces. In terms of educational spaces, the increase in complaints and illnesses due to unfavorable indoor air conditions leads to a decrease in concentration and so academic performance of students and staff. In the context, the aim of the study was indicating the poor indoor air quality conditions caused by inadequate fresh air supply in crowded educational spaces and making recommendations for the improvement. In the study, a classroom and a design studio in the METU Faculty of Architecture building were investigated. In order to examine the existing situation, at two locations of each room the temperature, relative humidity and CO2 were continuously recorded between 13 September 2011 and 24 February 2012 and air speed for ten-day periods between 26 November 2011 and 5 January 2012. The evaluation of the collected data indicated that both of the rooms had temperature, so relative humidity and CO2 accumulation problems mainly due to insufficient fresh air supply in the winter period. In order to eliminate the poor conditions in the rooms, the needed outdoor air can be provided through the inlet openings coupled with fan coils, which are in existence but not in use.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Lugg, Andrew. "Energy and cost efficient fuzzy environmental services control strategies for achieving high standards of indoor environmental quality and human comfort." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4198.

Full text
Abstract:
Building designers aim to create buildings with high quality internal environments which are energy and cost efficient in their use. Failure to attain these objectives simultaneously can lead to reduced building occupant productivities. An important aspect of the building services system which can have a major effect on the provision of occupant comfort within a building is the adopted control strategy. The research project investigated the use of fuzzy control strategies as a means of achieving good standards of comfort provision for occupants while maintaining or improving energy and cost efficiencies for the operation of the building HVAC services. This represented a multi-variant controls objective which was capable of being fulfilled by a fuzzy controller. A one zone building computer model was developed using Matlab and Simulink software as a platform for the development of fuzzy control strategies. The model incorporated building services Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system models. A Proportional + Integral + Derivative (PID) control strategy was used as a benchmark control methodology against which to compare the developed fuzzy control strategies. Three types of fuzzy controller were developed during the course of the research project. These were a Proportional Derivative Fuzzy Controller (PDFC), a Fuzzy Ventilation Controller, and the Fuzzy High Level Controller. The PDFC used the inputs of error and rate of change of error from a specified zone environmental condition set point in much the same way as a PID controller would to control the HVAC plant. Simulation results indicated that the PDFC control strategy was capable of achieving performance levels equal to the conventional PID control strategy. The Fuzzy Ventilation Controller was used to control the rate of fresh outside air entering the building zone through the mechanical ventilation system in order to make use of the "free" cooling and dehumidification available by purging the indoor air when possible. Simulation results showed improvements in the indoor environmental quality provided, and the energy efficiency and cost efficiency of running the HVAC plant. Finally, the Fuzzy High Level Controller used a fuzzy supervisor to control the actions of the fuzzy ventilation controllers. Simulation results showed that the fuzzy supervisor was able to improve the comfort conditions provided and the energy and cost efficiencies of the operation of the HVAC plant when compared to the use of the fuzzy ventilation control strategies alone.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Raggini, Silvia, and Maria Teresa Foschi. "Metamorfosi di una fabbrica: Indoor environmental quality nella riqualificazione di un settore delle ex officine reggiane." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8685/.

Full text
Abstract:
La nostra tesi propone un progetto di riqualificazione funzionale ed energetica di una porzione dell’area dismessa delle Ex Officine Reggiane a Reggio Emilia che comprende uno spazio scoperto di circa 42.500 m2 e un fabbricato, nel quale proponiamo di realizzare il museo delle officine, spazi per esposizioni temporanee e il nuovo polo archivistico di Reggio Emilia. Le Officine Meccaniche Reggiane sono state un polo industriale di particolare rilevanza a livello nazionale ed internazionale, diventando negli anni ’40 la quarta potenza industriale italiana dopo Fiat,Ansaldo e Breda. Dismesse dal 2009, si presentano oggi come un’area abbandonata di ben 260.000 m2 nella quale convivono la memoria e la speranza futura di rilancio della città di Reggio Emilia nel panorama europeo. Sulle tracce dei progetti già messi in atto dall’Amministrazione comunale, abbiamo fornito una proposta progettuale che consideri le vocazioni funzionali dell’area e le strategie energetiche possibili per rendere il progetto sostenibile sia dal punto di vista ambientale che dal punto di vista economico. Il lavoro è partito dalla definizione di un quadro conoscitivo dell’area attraverso una prima fase di analisi a livello territoriale e microclimatico servendosi per queste ultime del software di simulazione in regime dinamico ENVI-met. Questa prima fase si è conclusa con l’elaborazione di un masterplan, in seguito al quale ci siamo soffermate sul progetto di riqualificazione del capannone 15 e del grande spazio vuoto antistante ad esso. L’intervento sul costruito si può riassumere in tre parole chiave: conservare, aggiornare, integrare. Abbiamo scelto infatti di mantenere la robusta e ritmata struttura in acciaio, ripensare l’involucro edilizio in termini di una maggiore efficienza energetica e confinare i locali climatizzati in volumi autoportanti, garantendo, nell’atrio, condizioni di comfort termico accettabili unicamente attraverso strategie energetiche passive. Per verificare l’effettiva opportunità della soluzione ipotizzata ci siamo servite del software di simulazione fluidodinamica IES VE, il quale, attraverso la simulazione oraria del cambiamento dei parametri ambientali più rilevanti e degli indicatori di benessere (PMV, Comfort index, PPD..), ha confermato le nostre aspettative verificando che non è necessario intervenire con l’introduzione di sistemi di climatizzazione convenzionale. Per quanto riguarda i padiglioni entro i quali sono pensate le attività di servizio e supporto al museo e l’archivio, è stata verificata la soddisfacente prestazione energetica raggiunta attraverso l’utilizzo del software Termolog Epix5, il quale ha attestato che essi rientrano nella classe A con un consumo energetico di 4,55 kWh/m3annuo.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Elbagir, Sohair G. "Characterisation and source identification of selected pollutants in house dust." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49842/1/Sohair_Elbagir_Thesis.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
House dust is a heterogeneous matrix, which contains a number of biological materials and particulate matter gathered from several sources. It is the accumulation of a number of semi-volatile and non-volatile contaminants. The contaminants are trapped and preserved. Therefore, house dust can be viewed as an archive of both the indoor and outdoor air pollution. There is evidence to show that on average, people tend to stay indoors most of the time and this increases exposure to house dust. The aims of this investigation were to: " assess the levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), elements and pesticides in the indoor environment of the Brisbane area; " identify and characterise the possible sources of elemental constituents (inorganic elements), PAHs and pesticides by means of Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF); and " establish the correlations between the levels of indoor air pollutants (PAHs, elements and pesticides) with the external and internal characteristics or attributes of the buildings and indoor activities by means of multivariate data analysis techniques. The dust samples were collected during the period of 2005-2007 from homes located in different suburbs of Brisbane, Ipswich and Toowoomba, in South East Queensland, Australia. A vacuum cleaner fitted with a paper bag was used as a sampler for collecting the house dust. A survey questionnaire was filled by the house residents which contained information about the indoor and outdoor characteristics of their residences. House dust samples were analysed for three different pollutants: Pesticides, Elements and PAHs. The analyses were carried-out for samples of particle size less than 250 µm. The chemical analyses for both pesticides and PAHs were performed using a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while elemental analysis was carried-out by using Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The data was subjected to multivariate data analysis techniques such as multi-criteria decision-making procedures, Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), coupled with Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA) in order to rank the samples and to examine data display. This study showed that compared to the results from previous works, which were carried-out in Australia and overseas, the concentrations of pollutants in house dusts in Brisbane and the surrounding areas were relatively very high. The results of this work also showed significant correlations between some of the physical parameters (types of building material, floor level, distance from industrial areas and major road, and smoking) and the concentrations of pollutants. Types of building materials and the age of houses were found to be two of the primary factors that affect the concentrations of pesticides and elements in house dust. The concentrations of these two types of pollutant appear to be higher in old houses (timber houses) than in the brick ones. In contrast, the concentrations of PAHs were noticed to be higher in brick houses than in the timber ones. Other factors such as floor level, and distance from the main street and industrial area, also affected the concentrations of pollutants in the house dust samples. To apportion the sources and to understand mechanisms of pollutants, Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) receptor model was applied. The results showed that there were significant correlations between the degree of concentration of contaminants in house dust and the physical characteristics of houses, such as the age and the type of the house, the distance from the main road and industrial areas, and smoking. Sources of pollutants were identified. For PAHs, the sources were cooking activities, vehicle emissions, smoking, oil fumes, natural gas combustion and traces of diesel exhaust emissions; for pesticides the sources were application of pesticides for controlling termites in buildings and fences, treating indoor furniture and in gardens for controlling pests attacking horticultural and ornamental plants; for elements the sources were soil, cooking, smoking, paints, pesticides, combustion of motor fuels, residual fuel oil, motor vehicle emissions, wearing down of brake linings and industrial activities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Sweet, Laura Louise. "The Impact of an Urban Intervention to Mediate Indoor Environmental Hazards on Asthma Outcomes in Children." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343509149.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Walsh, Dale Warner 1961. "PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATION AND TOXICITY OF 4-PHENYLCYCLOHEXENE: AN EMISSION OF NEW CARPETING (ODOR, HEALTH, INDOOR)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276881.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Gou, Zhonghua, and 苟中华. "Addressing human factors in green office building design : occupant indoor environment quality survey in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194619.

Full text
Abstract:
Although requirements in relation to indoor environment quality (IEQ) have been made in green building rating systems such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and China GBL (Green Building Label) to promote occupant comfort, health and productivity, in practice, very little is known about user perception and satisfaction with IEQ in green buildings. Recruitment and post-occupancy evaluation of 10 office buildings (8 green buildings and 2 non-green buildings) and their 696 occupants for this study generated a dataset representing many potential avenues of inquiry. From the occupant’s point of view, the green offices in buildings with whole-building certification were significantly more satisfactory than the non-green offices, whereas the green offices certified only on the basis of their interiors were comparable to the non-green offices. Mixed-mode ventilation performed much better than other ventilation types (central air-conditioning and split air-conditioning). However, the mixed-mode green buildings were invariably perceived to be too cold in winter. A correlation model showed that green building users tended to appreciate a well ventilated, daylit, and quiet indoor environment for their health and productivity. The findings in the study made critical suggestions with regard to pursuing green building certification and addressing human factors in sustainable building design and research. The strengths and weaknesses of this study were discussed to inform future studies.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Zakaria, Rozana. "Sustainable housing for residential-industrial neighbourhoods in Malaysia : a study on the elements of indoor environmental quality improvements." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16534/1/Rozana_Zakaria_Thesis.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Economic development brings about urbanisation which may result in rapid housing expansion. The health and well-being of communities is often not considered as a priority of urbanisation with the pressure for developing better economies. Sustainability principles in housing developments are perceived to be able to enhance and to improve the quality of living. The approach to sustainability can, however, be interpreted and prioritised differently. Many developing countries such as Malaysia are depending upon industrialisation for the development of their economies. Continuing urbanisation and industrialisation in these countries indirectly creates tensions between the need for a better built environment, and the push for economic growth. One specific phenomena in Malaysia is the introduction of the mixed-use urban neighbourhood, whereby residential development is netsled within the industrial establishments. On one hand, this helps to create job opportunities and improve the local economy. On the other, it creates concerns in the relations to the house planning, and to the well-being of the residents. These have potential exposures to industrial activities that are associated with environmental problems, such as, poor air quality, local temperature increases, and excessive noise levels. This research applied the current international trends of sustainability practices in housing development in searching for the most appropriate strategies for developing sustainable residential-industrial neighborhoods. Cross reference to other countries strategies and experiences can be adaptation for Malaysian conditions. A residential-industrial community in the city of Pasir Gudang Johor, Malaysia, has been selected as a case study in order to examine the perceived problems of indoor environmental quality in such environments. The result of a questionnaire survey and in-situ measurement indicates that they are facing indoor environmental problems. A set of recommendations for housing guidelines which are tailored for local Malaysians conditions have been identified, and have potential for improving the housing development guidelines and policies for mixed-use community living. Comprehensive strategies will need to be developed to achieve housing development sustainability goals. The development of Master Planned Communities (MPC's) is suggested to be appropriate mechanism to developing planning controls. This will ensure the improvement of indoor environmental quality of living in residential-industrial housing developments in Malaysia. It is anticipated that this research will make a positive contribution to developing decision-making procedures that are appropriate to achieving the goals of sustainable housing development in relation to mixed-used residential housing, It is also expected that this research will assist in establishment of a unified national sustainable housing strategy, and in the rationalised adoption of a master planned community approach.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Zakaria, Rozana. "Sustainable housing for residential-industrial neighbourhoods in Malaysia : a study on the elements of indoor environmental quality improvements." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16534/.

Full text
Abstract:
Economic development brings about urbanisation which may result in rapid housing expansion. The health and well-being of communities is often not considered as a priority of urbanisation with the pressure for developing better economies. Sustainability principles in housing developments are perceived to be able to enhance and to improve the quality of living. The approach to sustainability can, however, be interpreted and prioritised differently. Many developing countries such as Malaysia are depending upon industrialisation for the development of their economies. Continuing urbanisation and industrialisation in these countries indirectly creates tensions between the need for a better built environment, and the push for economic growth. One specific phenomena in Malaysia is the introduction of the mixed-use urban neighbourhood, whereby residential development is netsled within the industrial establishments. On one hand, this helps to create job opportunities and improve the local economy. On the other, it creates concerns in the relations to the house planning, and to the well-being of the residents. These have potential exposures to industrial activities that are associated with environmental problems, such as, poor air quality, local temperature increases, and excessive noise levels. This research applied the current international trends of sustainability practices in housing development in searching for the most appropriate strategies for developing sustainable residential-industrial neighborhoods. Cross reference to other countries strategies and experiences can be adaptation for Malaysian conditions. A residential-industrial community in the city of Pasir Gudang Johor, Malaysia, has been selected as a case study in order to examine the perceived problems of indoor environmental quality in such environments. The result of a questionnaire survey and in-situ measurement indicates that they are facing indoor environmental problems. A set of recommendations for housing guidelines which are tailored for local Malaysians conditions have been identified, and have potential for improving the housing development guidelines and policies for mixed-use community living. Comprehensive strategies will need to be developed to achieve housing development sustainability goals. The development of Master Planned Communities (MPC's) is suggested to be appropriate mechanism to developing planning controls. This will ensure the improvement of indoor environmental quality of living in residential-industrial housing developments in Malaysia. It is anticipated that this research will make a positive contribution to developing decision-making procedures that are appropriate to achieving the goals of sustainable housing development in relation to mixed-used residential housing, It is also expected that this research will assist in establishment of a unified national sustainable housing strategy, and in the rationalised adoption of a master planned community approach.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Song, Yang. "Intelligent PID controller based on fuzzy logic control and neural network technology for indoor environment quality improvement." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14300/.

Full text
Abstract:
The demand for better indoor environment has led to a wide use of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Employing advanced HVAC control strategies is one of the strategies to maintain high quality indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ). This thesis aims to analyse and discuss the potential of using advanced control methods to improve the indoor occupants’ comfort. It focuses on the development of controllers of the major factors of indoor environment quality in buildings including indoor air temperature, indoor humidity and indoor air quality. Studies of the development of control technologies for HVAC systems are reviewed firstly. The problems in existing and future perspectives on HVAC control systems for occupants’ comfort are investigated. As both the current conventional and intelligent controllers have drawbacks that limit their applications, it is necessary to design novel control strategies for the urgent issue of indoor climate improvement. Hence, a concept of designing the controllers for indoor occupants’ comfort is proposed in this thesis. The proposed controllers in this research are designed by combining the conventional and intelligent control technologies. The purpose is to optimize the advantages of both conventional and intelligent control methods and to avoid poor control performance due to their drawbacks. The main control technologies involved in this research are fuzzy logic control (FLC), proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and neural network (NN). Three controllers are designed by combining these technologies. Firstly, the fuzzy-PID controller is developed for improvement of indoor environment quality including temperature, humidity and indoor air quality. The control algorithm is introduced in detail in Section 3.2. The computer simulation is carried out to verify its control performance and potential of indoor comfort improvement in Section 4.1. Step signal is used as the input reference in simulation and the controller shows fast response speed since the time constant is 0.033s and settling time is 0.092s with sampling interval of 0.001s. The simulating result also proves that the fuzzy-PID controller has good control accuracy and stability since the overshot and steady state error is zero. In addition, the experimental investigation was also carried out to indicate the fuzzy-PID control performance of indoor temperature, humidity and CO2 control as introduced in Chapter 5. The experiments are taken place in an environmental chamber used to simulated the indoor space during a wide period from late fall to early spring. The results of temperature control show that the temperature is controlled to be varying around the set-point and control accuracy is 4.4%. The humidity control shows similar results that the control accuracy is 3.2%. For the IAQ control the maximum indoor concentration is kept lower than 1100ppm which is acceptable and health CO2 level although it is slightly higher than the set-point of 1000ppm. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy-PID controller is able to improve indoor environment quality. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) PID controller is designed for humidity control and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) PID controller is designed for indoor air quality control. Then, in order to further analyze the potential of using advanced control technologies to improve indoor environment quality, two more controllers are developed in this research. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) PID controller is designed for humidity control and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) PID controller is designed for indoor air quality control. Their control algorithms are developed and introduced in Section 3.3 and Section 3.4. Simulating tests were carried out in order to verify their control performances using Matlab in Section 4.2 and Section 4.3. The step signal is used as the input and the sampling interval is 0.001s. For RBFNN-PID controller, the time constant is 0.002s, and there is no overshot and steady state error. For BPNN-PID controller, the time constant is 0.003s, the overshot percentage is 4.2% and the steady state error is zero based on the simulating results. Simulating results show that the RBFNN-PID controller and BPNN-PID controller have fast control speed, good control accuracy and stability. The experimental investigations of the RBFNN-PID controller and BPNN-PID control are not included in this research and will carried out in future work. Based on the simulating and experimental results shown in this thesis, the indoor environment quality improvement can be guaranteed by the proposed controllers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Pollard, Brett. "Movement and the office: trying to detect it." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27698.

Full text
Abstract:
Many people, especially office workers, sit for much of the day, with potentially serious consequences for their heath. In response, the message from health authorities around the world is clear; ‘Sit less and move more’. However, the effects of many of the interventions aimed at helping office workers to sit less and move more at work, quickly fade, or result in sitting being replaced with prolonged standing, which also has potentially serious health impacts. A crucial step in the development of more effective, durable interventions could be to locate where in the office movement behaviours occur and investigate the influence the office environment has on these behaviours. However, commonly used devices such as accelerometers provide limited, if any, location information, while surveys and observations only provide brief glimpses of location and are open to recall and other biases. Research from various disciplines suggests that indoor positioning systems (IPS) may be useful for investigating movement behaviours in the office environment. Yet little is known about the use of IPS in offices, including their accuracy, how they compare to accelerometers, their data collection periods, and whether their data can be combined with environmental data. Consequently, this thesis sought to answer two interrelated research questions: 1) Can IPS data be used to measure, analyse, and describe the movement behaviours of office workers in an open-plan office? and 2) Is there a relationship between these behaviours and the physical environment of the office? The methods used in this thesis build a firm foundation for further research into the relationship between movement behaviours and office environments. The findings also provide much needed guidance for other researchers considering the use of IPS in offices and other indoor settings. Finally, this thesis presents several promising avenues to explore in the quest to help office workers move more while at work.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Smith, Andrew James. "Workplace Productivity and Sustainability : A Study of the Effect of Interior Plantscapes on Employee Perceptions and Indoor Environmental Quality." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515345.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Park, Jihyun. "Are Humans Good Sensors? Using Occupants as Sensors for Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment and for Developing Thresholds that Matter." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/595.

Full text
Abstract:
The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of buildings can have a strong influence on occupants’ productivity and health. Post occupancy evaluation (POE) is the first step in assessing IEQ, and typically relies on subjective surveys of thermal quality, air quality, visual quality, and acoustic quality. However, the practice of conducting POE, from data collection during field studies to data coding, analyses and visualization, is very labor intensive. In addition, there is often a significant discrepancy between major IEQ standards and actual human perception. The Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics (CBPD) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has expanded POE to include both objective IEQ measurements and records of the TABS that may affect indoor environment and user satisfaction. The suite of three tools including user satisfaction survey, technical attributes of building system and workstation IEQ measurements in the National Environmental Assessment Toolkit has been deployed in over 1600 workstations in 65 buildings, generating a rich database for statistical evaluation of the possible correlations between the physical attributes of workstations, measured environmental conditions, and user satisfaction. The database also supports a number of critical hypotheses relative to the complexity and depth of field data needed, the critical factors that must be collected, and the possibility that humans are indeed good sensors for many variables. The major statements that have been drawn from the research are as follows: (1) Because human health and performance outcomes are a result of an integration of indices, IEQ evaluation must include thermal, air, visual, and acoustic measures. (2) While POE with IEQ measurement is an ideal approach to assessing the full suite of environmental characteristics that impact human satisfaction, health and performance, field measurements are labor and cost intensive. (3) Building occupants can provide critical insights and even real measures of IEQ, and contribute to updating IEQ standards to reflect integrated realities. As such, this research revealed an integrated approach to POE +M by leveraging occupants as sensors to quickly capture IEQ conditions in a work environment. This approach can identify critical factors in the physical environment that impacts building occupant comfort and satisfaction. This approach provides practical IEQ assessment methods and procedures centered on the occupants’ perspective. The ultimate outcome of this research will contribute (1) correlations between occupant perception and measured data, (2) a refined survey method to assess building IEQ capable of robust prediction of building performance, and (3) metrics and guidelines for IEQ standards that capture new IEQ thresholds that impact building occupants’ comfort. The hypotheses tested in this thesis are summarized as follows: Hypothesis 1: Humans are effective sensors for POE+M. Combining occupant responses with key IEQ attributes can provide insight that is comparable to complex field instrumentation. Hypothesis 2: User satisfaction can inform design decisions. Comparing user satisfaction to instrumented IEQ measurements can inform acceptable thermal, air, visual, and acoustic design for occupant satisfaction. Hypothesis 3: Environmental thresholds are not adequate. Comparing user satisfaction to instrumented IEQ measurements can inform acceptable thermal, air, visual, and acoustic quality l conditions for occupant comfort. Multivariate regression, multiple correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation statistical analysis of the database of 1600 workstations revealed the relationship between measured and perceived IEQ indices, interdependencies between IEQ indices and other satisfaction variables of significance. This research can contribute correlations between occupant perception and measured conditions, and metrics and guidelines for IEQ standards that capture new IEQ thresholds that impact building occupants’ comfort. The key findings of the IEQ data analysis are as follows: The result of the thermal quality revealed that smaller thermal zone, greater window quality, a level of control, measured air temperature at 60 cm from the floor, and radiant temperature asymmetry between exterior and interior walls are critical factors of temperature satisfaction. For air quality, operable windows, window quality, partition height, dedicated exhausts for printer and copy area, return air density are critical factors for overall air quality satisfaction. User satisfaction of the visual quality showed that seated view in the workstation is the most critical factor for user’s overall visual quality satisfaction. In addition, better ceiling fixture, ceiling lens type, window type and managing illuminance level on the work surface are important. Lastly, to ensure the acoustic quality satisfaction in both background noise and frequency from distraction from other people, bigger workstation, more partition sides, higher partitions and management of distributed noise source are critical for user comfort and perceived productivity. Overall, this thesis identified opportunities to improve the process of IEQ assessment by engaging occupants in POE, and define critical indicators for building occupant satisfaction. The results will contribute to the ongoing database of engaging humans as IEQ sensors. In the future, the findings and framework described here may be applied in different aspects of the building delivery process, such as building life cycle evaluation, building design, and the construction stage, to improve occupants’ thermal, air, visual, and acoustic conditions in the building.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Fishman, Benjamin. "Influence of Environmental Parameters on Mold Sampling Results." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6838.

Full text
Abstract:
Mold is a type of fungus present in nearly all environments. Mold thrives under several environmental parameters such as high humidity and an adequate food source. A professional, such as an industrial hygienist, can measure mold in indoor and outdoor environments. Industrial hygienists commonly use a cascade impactor with a culture plate to capture air within a sampling area. While collecting air samples, environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide are recorded. A laboratory then cultures and analyzes the samples, identifying the types and amounts of viable mold found in the sampling area. In this study, a data analysis method is used to interpret lab results and compare those results to the environmental parameters measured during collection. The study aims to show the relationship between the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide) and the types and amounts of mold that were measured in both indoor built environments and their surrounding outdoor areas. Among all 170 different sampling locations, the outdoor areas had higher counts and concentrations of mold. In addition, both indoor and outdoor areas saw Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium as the most prevalent molds, with Cladosporium having the highest counts. Lower temperatures and humidity had a very small influence on mold growth and thus, yielded the lowest counts. Furthermore, the highest concentrations of mold were found within the same temperature and humidity ranges for both indoor and outdoor environments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Young, Matthew W. "Towards the Integration of Low-cost Sensors into Smart Building Systems for Indoor Air Quality Purposes." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1573798188009717.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Ncube, Matiwaza. "The development of a methodology for a tool for rapid assessment of indoor environment quality in office buildings in the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12492/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis describes a methodology for the development of a novel tool for rapid assessment of Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) in office buildings in the UK. The tool uses design, measured, calculated and surveyed data as input for IEQ calculations. The development of such a tool has become a necessity especially in the developed world where legally binding targets for Green House Gas (GHG) emissions have been agreed and where buildings are required by law to display energy performance certification. The novelty of this tool is that it addresses the need to present an indoor environment performance rating that can be presented alongside energy performance certification since the energy performance of office buildings depends significantly on the criteria used for the indoor environment. The tool, called the IEQAT (Indoor Environment Quality Assessment Tool), is based on the IEQ model which was developed from literature review. The IEQ model is based on the IEQ index which was derived from contributing factors or sub indices that include Thermal Comfort, Indoor Air quality (IAQ), Acoustic Comfort and Lighting. The model was tested by studying the responses of occupants of three office buildings in the UK. Their subjective responses which were collected via a questionnaire were compared against model simulation results which were calculated using physical measurements of IEQ variables such as air temperature, illuminance (lux), background noise levels (dBA), relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration (ppm), and air velocity. By fitting a multivariate regression model to questionnaire data, a weighted ranking of parameters affecting IEQ was produced and new provisional weightings for the IEQ model, which is more relevant to the UK situation, were derived.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Jilla, Abhinay Mr. "Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Emission Factors from Incense Burning." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2380.

Full text
Abstract:
Indoor air quality is a growing concern in the world. People spend a considerable amount of time in indoor environments such as homes, workplaces, shopping malls, stores, and so on. Indoor sources like incense and candle burning, cooking contribute a significant amount of indoor air pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds. Exposure to these kinds of pollutants can result in adverse health effects. The purpose of this research is to determine the particulate matter and carbon monoxide emission factors (EFs) from incense stick burning. A test chamber with a rectangular exhaust duct, a fan to exhaust air with pollutants in it, and pollutant sensors were used to achieve the project goals. Several experiments were performed with different cases/scenarios to accurately estimate the EFs and several test runs were conducted for each case to test the repeatability of the results. The CO, PM2.5 (mass), PM2.5 (number), PM10 (mass), PM10 (number) EFs developed in this research are between 110-120 mg/g of incense, 2.5-3 mg/g of incense, 800-1100 #particles/µg of incense, 32-33 mg/g of incense, 1200-1400 #particles/µg of incense respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Chatterjee, Kanistha. "A Novel, Periodic Sampling Method to Assess Airborne Bacteria Populations." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1313564597.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Isiugo, Kelechi I. "Traffic-Related Air Pollutants: Measurement, Modeling and Respiratory Health Effects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535464094176172.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Iribagiza, Chantal. "Human-Centered Design of an Air Quality Feedback System to Promote Healthy Cooking." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4547.

Full text
Abstract:
Household air pollution (HAP) is responsible for almost 4 million premature deaths every year, a burden that is primarily carried by women and children in developing countries. The mortality and morbidity impact of HAP can be significantly alleviated through clean cookstove interventions. However, for these interventions to be effective, the new intervention stove must be a substantially cleaner technology and adoption should be high and sustained over time. Woody biomass is the fuel of choice in many developing communities, and contributes substantially to HAP. Several organizations have launched clean cooking interventions to address this issue. However, the majority of those interventions do not address adoption related challenges, that they often face. This thesis explores previous studies on Human-Centered Design (HCD) and the impact of feedback and data access on behavior change. It details a HCD process and methodology applied during the design process of an air quality feedback system, to improve adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves in Rwanda. The feedback system is intended to provide real-time air quality information to stove users and potentially encourage them to abandon traditional biomass cookstoves in favor of the cleaner LPG stoves.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Cox, Jennie D. "Evaluation of Indoor Aerosol and Bioaerosol Methods and a HEPA Intervention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522312779209054.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)' for other source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography