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Journal articles on the topic 'Indoor Residual Spray (IRS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Eltahir, Walid Adam, Osman Elamin Mohamed, Ahmed A. Osman, Hatim Abdullah Natto, and Nazik Hassan Mohamed. "Efficacy of Indoor Residual Spray (Bendiocarb 80%) for Malaria Control in Sennar State, Sudan." International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 12, no. 1 (2022): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.1.l148-153.

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Malaria is a worldwide public health problem, in 2017, and an estimated 237 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide compared with 211 million cases in 2010 and 219 million cases in 2015. Several countries used Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) (Bendiocarb 80%) to combat Malaria. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IRS (Bendiocarb 80%) applied in Sennar state, Sudan in which Malaria is endemic. We used Pyrethrum spray collection, Bio efficacy of IRS using Cone methods and Malaria cases reporting to evaluate the efficacy of Indoor Residual Spray. The efficacy of IRS was tested by cone bioa

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Elemiya, Tembo. "Factors Contributing to Community None Acceptance for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for Malaria prevention in Chipushi Area of Mpika, Zambia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 3 (2021): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.03.art014.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the primary vector control interventions for reducing and interrupting malaria transmission. In recent years, however, it has received relatively little attention. Just like it is the case in the 17 villages of the Chipushi area of Mpika district in Muchinga province, Zambia. In community work, among the things that attracted my attention are the non-acceptance and perceived negative attitudes towards acceptance for indoor residual spraying. The purpose of this study was to analyze and establish the factors that contribute to none acceptance for Indoor

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Opiyo, Mercy, Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Arlindo Malheia, et al. "Household modifications after the indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign in Mozambique reduce the actual spray coverage and efficacy." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (2022): e0000227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000227.

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Indoor residual spraying of insecticides (IRS) is a key malaria vector control strategy. Whilst human attitude towards IRS is monitored before or shortly after implementation, human activities leading to the modification of insecticide-treated walls post-IRS are not. This could inadvertently reduce the protective effects of IRS. We monitored the extent of modifications to the sprayed indoor wall surfaces by household owners for six months post-IRS campaigns in two districts targeted for malaria elimination in southern Mozambique. In parallel, we assessed building of any additional rooms onto c

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Coleman, Michael, Geraldine M. Foster, Rinki Deb, et al. "DDT-based indoor residual spraying suboptimal for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (2015): 8573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507782112.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is used to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, but it is poorly quality assured. Quality assurance was performed in eight VL endemic districts in Bihar State, India, in 2014. Residual dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was sampled from walls using Bostik tape discs, and DDT concentrations [grams of active ingredient per square meter (g ai/m2)] were determined using HPLC. Pre-IRS surveys were performed in three districts, and post-IRS surveys were performed in eight districts. A 20% threshold above and below the target spray of 1.0 g ai/m2 was defined

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Tripura, Amar, and Taranga Reang. "Knowledge and practice of indoor residual spray with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in the prevention and control of malaria in the endemic zone of rural area of west Tripura district, North East India: A cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU 17, no. 1 (2024): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_215_23.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends indoor residual spray (IRS) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), as a malaria vector control measure. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the knowledge and practice of IRS with DDT in rural area of the West Tripura district. METHODOLOGY: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area of West Tripura District during the period of June to July 2019. Two hundred adult participants were interviewed from randomly selected families using multistage simple random sampling technique using a predesigned,

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Snetselaar, Janneke, Rosemary S. Lees, Geraldine M. Foster, et al. "Enhancing the Quality of Spray Application in IRS: Evaluation of the Micron Track Sprayer." Insects 13, no. 6 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060523.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has changed little since its introduction in the 1940s. Manual spraying is still prone to variation in insecticide dose. To improve the application of IRS in experimental hut trials, an automated track sprayer was developed, which regulates the speed of application and the distance of the nozzle from the wall, two key sources of variation. The automated track sprayer was compared to manual spraying, firstly using fluorescein solution in controlled indoor settings, and secondly in experimental huts in Tanzania using several IRS products. Manual spraying produced g

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Snetselaar, Janneke, Rosemary S. Lees, Geraldine M. Foster, et al. "Enhancing the Quality of Spray Application in IRS: Evaluation of the Micron Track Sprayer." Insects 13, no. 6 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060523.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has changed little since its introduction in the 1940s. Manual spraying is still prone to variation in insecticide dose. To improve the application of IRS in experimental hut trials, an automated track sprayer was developed, which regulates the speed of application and the distance of the nozzle from the wall, two key sources of variation. The automated track sprayer was compared to manual spraying, firstly using fluorescein solution in controlled indoor settings, and secondly in experimental huts in Tanzania using several IRS products. Manual spraying produced g

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Hilton, Emily R., Saraha Rabeherisoa, Herizo Ramandimbiarijaona, et al. "Using routine health data to evaluate the impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria transmission in Madagascar." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 7 (2023): e010818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010818.

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IntroductionIndoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are cornerstone malaria prevention methods in Madagascar. This retrospective observational study uses routine data to evaluate the impacts of IRS overall, sustained IRS exposure over multiple years and level of spray coverage (structures sprayed/found) in nine districts where non-pyrethroid IRS was deployed to complement standard pyrethroid ITNs from 2017 to 2020.MethodsMultilevel negative-binomial generalised linear models were fit to estimate the effects of IRS exposure overall, consecutive years of IRS exposu

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Debnath, Sankha Subhra, Subrata Baidya, Rituparna Das, and Durba Deb. "Acceptance and determinants of indoor residual spraying in two blocks of Tripura: using LQAS technique." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205726.

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Background: Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) with insecticide (DDT) is one of the most important component of integrated vector management for malaria prevention. Though, NVBDCP targets at least 80% coverage at high risk malaria zone by effective protective measures (eg. IRS) by 2017, but the real coverage is however limited, due to low community acceptance and several other factors. Objectives were to assess the IRS coverage in two blocks of Tripura and to study the factors influencing IRS acceptance.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 600 households of all 30 sub centres of two b

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Yakob, Laith, Rebecca Dunning, and Guiyun Yan. "Indoor residual spray and insecticide-treated bednets for malaria control: theoretical synergisms and antagonisms." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 59 (2010): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0537.

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Indoor residual spray (IRS) of insecticides and insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are the two most important malaria vector control tools in the tropical world. Application of both tools in the same locations is being implemented for malaria control in endemic and epidemic Africa. The two tools are assumed to have synergistic benefits in reducing malaria transmission because they both act at multiple stages of the transmission cycle. However, this assumption has not been rigorously examined, empirically or theoretically. Using mathematical modelling, we obtained the conditions for which a com

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Kumar, Vijay. "An Opinion based on a Retrospective Study on Vector Management for the Elimination of Visceral Leishmaniasis and its Sustenance." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 02 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202264.

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar, VL) is a vector-borne illness that affects people all over the world. Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) has been recognised as a tool for eliminating the illness. In the context of Kala-azar elimination, it is critical to address evidence-based studies on IRS success and failure. Methodology: For the literature search, the Internet was used. The following websites were visited: PubMed, Google Search Engine, ResearchGate, NVBDCP sites, and WHO/TDR sites. We utilised keywords like leishmaniasis vector, indoor residual spray, eradication of visceral leishm

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Vijay, Kumar, Rama Aarti, Shankar Mishra Prem, et al. "Investigating Associative Impact of Indoor Residual Spray and Insecticide Treated Nets for Minimizing Visceral Leishmaniasis Vector Population in Bihar (India)." International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health 23, no. 4 (2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2017/32540.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) are important tools in the fight against insect vectors of important diseases. In spite of having operational and logistic limitation(s), IRS and ITN are still in practice as conventional tools with mixed results for controlling <em>Phlebotomus argentipes</em>, the vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent. A combination of both tools might results better for reducing VL vector densities during the attack phase of the VL elimination initiative. <strong>Methods: </strong>A comp

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Odira, John, Mary W. Gitahi, and Alloys S. S. Orago. "Uptake of indoor residual spray as a malaria vector control strategy among the residents in Migori County, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 11 (2023): 4062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233430.

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Background: Globally unexpected 219 million malaria cases occurred in 2021, with 90% of these cases happening in the WHO Africa region and unexpected 435,000 malaria transmissions worldwide, with children less than five years being the most-at-risk (61%) of malaria infections (World Malaria Report, 2021). In 2019, IRS coverage was 94.6%. This was reason enough to assess contributing factors leading to not reaching targeted 100% of the households mapped despite massive resources. Methods: The study adopted analytical cross-sectional design. The study area was Migori County (Awendo, Uriri, Rongo

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Fuseini, Godwin, Raul Ncogo Nguema, Wonder P. Phiri, et al. "Increased Biting Rate of Insecticide-Resistant Culex Mosquitoes and Community Adherence to IRS for Malaria Control in Urban Malabo, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 4 (2019): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz025.

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Abstract Sustaining high levels of indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage (≥85%) for community protection against malaria remains a challenge for IRS campaigns. We examined biting rates and insecticide resistance in Culex species and Anopheles gambiae s.l., and their potential effect on community adherence to IRS. The average IRS coverage in urban Malabo between 2015 and 2017 remained at 80%. Culex biting rate increased 6.0-fold (P &lt; 0.001) between 2014 and 2017, reaching 8.08 bites per person per night, whereas that of An. gambiae s.l. remained steady at around 0.68. Although An. gamb

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Lees, Rosemary Susan, Giorgio Praulins, Natalie Lissenden, et al. "The Residual Efficacy of SumiShield™ 50WG and K-Othrine® WG250 IRS Formulations Applied to Different Building Materials against Anopheles and Aedes Mosquitoes." Insects 13, no. 2 (2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020112.

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Insecticides with novel modes of action are required to complement the pyrethroids currently relied upon for controlling malaria vectors. One example of this is the neonicotinoid clothianidin, the active ingredient in the indoor residual spray (IRS) SumiShield™ 50WG. In a preliminary experiment, the mortality of insecticide-susceptible and resistant An. gambiae adults exposed to filter papers treated with this IRS product reached 80% by 3 days post-exposure and 100% by 6 days post-exposure. Next, cement, wood, and mud tiles were treated with the clothianidin or a deltamethrin-based IRS formula

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Reid, Emma, Rinki Michelle Deb, Asgar Ali, et al. "Molecular surveillance of insecticide resistance in Phlebotomus argentipes targeted by indoor residual spraying for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 11 (2023): e0011734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011734.

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Molecular surveillance of resistance is an increasingly important part of vector borne disease control programmes that utilise insecticides. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme in India uses indoor residual spraying (IRS) with the pyrethroid, alpha-cypermethrin to control Phlebotomus argentipes the vector of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of VL. Prior long-term use of DDT may have selected for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutants (1014F and S) at the shared DDT and pyrethroid target site, which are common in India and can also cause pyrethroid cross-resistance. We mon

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Marti-Soler, Helena, Mara Máquina, Mercy Opiyo, et al. "Effect of wall type, delayed mortality and mosquito age on the residual efficacy of a clothianidin-based indoor residual spray formulation (SumiShield™ 50WG) in southern Mozambique." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0248604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248604.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the main malaria vector control strategies in Mozambique alongside the distribution of insecticide treated nets. As part of the national insecticide resistance management strategy, Mozambique introduced SumiShield™ 50WG, a third generation IRS product, in 2018. Its residual efficacy was assessed in southern Mozambique during the 2018–2019 malaria season. Using a susceptible Anopheles arabiensis strain, residual efficacy was assessed on two different wall surfaces, cement and mud-plastered walls, using standard WHO (World Health Organization) cone bioass

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Che-Mendoza, Azael, Gabriela González-Olvera, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, et al. "Efficacy of targeted indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 10 (2021): e0009822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009822.

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Background There is an increased need to mitigate the emergence of insecticide resistance and incorporate new formulations and modes of application to control the urban vector Aedes aegypti. Most research and development of insecticide formulations for the control of Ae. aegypti has focused on their peridomestic use as truck-mounted ULV-sprays or thermal fogs despite the widespread knowledge that most resting Ae. aegypti are found indoors. A recent modification of indoor residual spraying (IRS), termed targeted IRS (TIRS) works by restricting applications to 1.5 m down to the floor and on key

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Bayili, Koama, Hyacinthe D. Ki, Bazoma Bayili, et al. "Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso." Gates Open Research 6 (April 25, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13578.1.

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Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkin

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Bayili, Koama, Hyacinthe D. Ki, Bazoma Bayili, et al. "Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso." Gates Open Research 6 (April 25, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13578.1.

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Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkin

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Mishra, Ashok K., Praveen K. Bharti, Tazeen Iram Kareemi, et al. "Field evaluation of zero vector durable lining to assess its efficacy against malaria vectors and malaria transmission in tribal areas of the Balaghat district of central India." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, no. 10 (2019): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz046.

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Abstract Background Indoor residual spray (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets are the two principal intervention methods of vector control. Zero vector durable lining (ZVDL), a relatively new vector control method, was evaluated to assess its efficacy against malaria vectors in hard to reach areas in the Balaghat district, where malaria transmission is perennial. Methods ZVDL was installed in six experimental villages during November–December 2012. In control villages, IRS was carried out with Alphacypermethrin. Cone bioassays were performed to assess the efficacy and persistence of insec

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Bayili, Koama, Hyacinthe D. Ki, Bazoma Bayili, et al. "Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso." Gates Open Research 6 (July 25, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13578.2.

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Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM T500 against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in B

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Huda, M. Mamun, Dinesh Mondal, Vijay Kumar, et al. "Toolkit for Monitoring and Evaluation of Indoor Residual Spraying for Visceral Leishmaniasis Control in the Indian Subcontinent: Application and Results." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/876742.

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Background. We field tested and validated a newly developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) toolkit for indoor residual spraying to be used by the supervisors at different levels of the national kala-azar elimination programs in Bangladesh, India and Nepal.Methods. Methods included document analysis, in-depth interviews, direct observation of spraying squads, and entomological-chemical assessments (bioassay, susceptibility test, chemical analysis of insecticide residues on sprayed surfaces, vector density measurements at baseline, and three follow-up surveys).Results. We found that the doc

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Owalla, Tonny Jimmy, Emmanuel Okurut, Kenneth Ssaka, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of Incorporating Actellic® 300 CS into Soil Wall Plaster for Control of Malaria Vectors in Rural Northeastern Uganda." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 1 (2024): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10010004.

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Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the use of insecticide-treated bednets for malaria vector control have contributed substantially to a reduction in malaria disease burden. However, these control tools have important shortcomings including being donor-dependent, expensive, and often failing because of insufficient uptake. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a user-friendly, locally tailored malaria vector control approach dubbed “Hut Decoration for Malaria Control” (HD4MC) based on the incorporation of a WHO-approved insecticide, Actellic® 300 CS, into a customary hut decoration practice i

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Otieno, Gabriel, Joseph K. Koske, and John M. Mutiso. "Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control of Malaria in Kenya." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8013574.

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This paper proposes and analyses a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of malaria with four-time dependent control measures in Kenya: insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs), treatment, indoor residual spray (IRS), and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp). We first considered constant control parameters and calculate the basic reproduction number and investigate existence and stability of equilibria as well as stability analysis. We proved that ifR0≤1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable inD. IfR0>1, the unique endemic equilibr

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Matthew, Temitayo, Deborah Komolafe, Abdulrahman Nasir, et al. "Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices (KAP) Of Malaria Prevention Amongst Medical Students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria." Razi International Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i2.47.

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Background: Malaria remains one of the foremost causes of morbidity in the world. Practices of preventive measures have been linked to factors including educational status. Students of health-related sciences are expected to possess a high-level knowledge of the disease and translate this into the better practice of preventive measures. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of malaria prevention among medical students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from 253 consentin

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Mengesha, Endale, Meseret Dessalegne Zerefa, and Habteyes Hailu Tola. "Asymptomatic malaria and nurturing factors in lowlands of Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 8 (2022): e0000659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000659.

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Although asymptomatic malaria cases are reservoirs of malaria parasites, there is limited evidence on the burden and nurturing factors in malaria endemic areas during dry season. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection and nurturing factors in endemic areas of Ethiopia during dry season.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia. Six villages with a total of 1,366 households from three malaria endemic regions of Ethiopia were selected by stratified random sampling method. One asymptomatic member of the

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Astuti, Endang Puji, Mara Ipa, Aryo Ginanjar, and Tri Wahono. "Upaya Pengendalian Malaria Dalam Rangka Pre-Eliminasi di Kabupaten Garut: Sebuah studi kualitatif." Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 22, no. 4 (2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v22i4.1761.

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Indonesia is one of the malaria-endemic countries commits to eliminate malaria in 2030. The implementation of malaria control program policy is a determinant to achieve the goal. This research was qualitative that described the implementation of malaria control program policy in Garut Regency, West Java Province. The data collected through in-depth interviews and documents’ review. The implementation of malaria control had referred to guidelines from the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. This control was also technically adjusted to regional conditions. Case detection of malaria was c

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Mauti, Godfrey Omare, Eliakim Mbaka Mauti, and David Keno Kowanga. "Evaluation of malaria spread in relation to poor environmental conditions at Kibaha district (Tanzania)." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 4, no. 5 (2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2015.4503.

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Communicable diseases cause a lot of out- patient attendance resulting to huge allocation of funds by both Governmental and Non – governmental organizations in combating them. A cross section study was conducted at Maili Moja community to ascertain environmental conditions prevailing in the area and how they contribute to the spread of Malaria as a communicable disease. About 200 questionnaires were self - administered to the community to capture data. The study reviewed that not using treated mosquito nets accounted for 81.2% of chances of suffering from malaria. Malaria is the main causes of

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Kamal, Shaukat. "Present Status and Progress towards Kala-Azar Elimination Programme in Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 01 (2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202108.

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Kala-azar (KA) and Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), two out of the six vector borne diseases slated for elimination from the country by Government of India. Kala-azar or Visceral Leishmaniasisis prevalent in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh mainly in the districts bordering to Bihar, the state known for high endemicity of the disease. This disease has been targeted for elimination not only from thestate butfrom the country by 2020 by bringing down the Kala-azar prevalenceto <1 per 10000 population at sub district/block level. The two important interventions in Kala-azar control Programme include

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Green, Nathan, Fiacre Agossa, Boulais Yovogan, et al. "An evidence synthesis approach for combining different data sources illustrated using entomological efficacy of insecticides for indoor residual spraying." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0263446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263446.

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Background Prospective malaria public health interventions are initially tested for entomological impact using standardised experimental hut trials. In some cases, data are collated as aggregated counts of potential outcomes from mosquito feeding attempts given the presence of an insecticidal intervention. Comprehensive data i.e. full breakdowns of probable outcomes of mosquito feeding attempts, are more rarely available. Bayesian evidence synthesis is a framework that explicitly combines data sources to enable the joint estimation of parameters and their uncertainties. The aggregated and comp

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Bickersmith, Sara A., John D. Jurczynski, Maria Anice Mureb Sallum, et al. "Mutations Linked to Insecticide Resistance Not Detected in the Ace-1 or VGSC Genes in Nyssorhynchus darlingi from Multiple Localities in Amazonian Brazil and Peru." Genes 14, no. 10 (2023): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14101892.

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Indoor residual spray (IRS), mainly employing pyrethroid insecticides, is the most common intervention for preventing malaria transmission in many regions of Latin America; the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has been more limited. Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized target-site resistance mechanism associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance. Most mutations detected in acetylcholinesterase-1 (Ace-1) and voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) genes are non-synonymous, resulting in a change in amino acid, leading to the non-binding of the insecticide. In the present

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Sominahouin, André, Germain Gil Padonou, Rodrigue Landéhou, et al. "Influence of Climatic Factors on Aggression and Infectivity of <i>Anopheles</i> in the Districts the Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) in Northern Benin, West Africa." American Journal of Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20200501.11.

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Nwabor, Ozioma Forstinus. "Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge." International Letters of Natural Sciences 46 (September 2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.46.31.

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The high prevalence of malaria in Africa has defiled many strategies aimed at its eradication. Researchers from various fields have tried without success in this fight against mosquito and its malaria disease. Annually billions of dollars are spent in the design of programs which are aimed at combating this dreaded disease. However all this spending seems to go down the drain as malaria and its vector mosquitoes celebrate their unflinching victory. Current control measures focusing on ways of preventing the disease vis-a-vis, protect man from the vectors “anopheline mosquito” are the mainstay

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Nwabor, Ozioma Forstinus. "Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge." International Letters of Natural Sciences 46 (September 11, 2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-7irc57.

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The high prevalence of malaria in Africa has defiled many strategies aimed at its eradication. Researchers from various fields have tried without success in this fight against mosquito and its malaria disease. Annually billions of dollars are spent in the design of programs which are aimed at combating this dreaded disease. However all this spending seems to go down the drain as malaria and its vector mosquitoes celebrate their unflinching victory. Current control measures focusing on ways of preventing the disease vis-a-vis, protect man from the vectors “anopheline mosquito” are the mainstay

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Abdi, Mohamed Salad. "Prevalence of Malaria among Patients Visiting Public Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia-Cross-Sectional Study." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 2, no. 2 (2024): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.59336/j154js44.

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Background: In tropical and subtropical areas, malaria is one of the main causes of death and morbidity. Malaria is a major worldwide health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, which includes Somalia, where the majority of cases and deaths from the disease occur. Malaria has a negative impact on both public health and the economic growth of many developing nations. Examining and quantifying the prevalence of malaria among outpatients who have visited hospitals were the study's goal. Study was conducted between September, and November 2023. Methods: A structured questionnaire was adminis

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Busari, Lateef O., Haleemah O. Raheem, Zarat O. Iwalewa, Kamilu A. Fasasi, and Monsuru A. Adeleke. "Investigating insecticide susceptibility status of adult mosquitoes against some class of insecticides in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0285605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285605.

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The study evaluates the resistance and susceptibility of adult female Anopheles gambiae s. l., Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes sourced within Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria to four groups of insecticides [Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Pirimiphos-methyl and DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)] and the distribution of their larval habitat within the metropolis. Mosquito larvae of the three genera were collected during the wet season and reared to adult stage in the laboratory. Emerged adult female mosquitoes were exposed to insecticide impregnated papers of the four ins

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Winters, Anna, Christina Riley, Livashan Soobramoney, et al. "Cost and cost effectiveness of geospatial planning and delivery tools added to standard health campaigns in Luapula Province, Zambia." Oxford Open Digital Health 2, Supplement_2 (2024): ii66—ii74. https://doi.org/10.1093/oodh/oqae040.

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Abstract Geospatial tools are used to map populations to support microplanning and delivery of health campaigns. Although the value of geospatial tooling has been described, their costs and cost effectiveness is largely unknown. This study details the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of a digital geospatial tool (‘Reveal’) added to a 2017 malaria control campaign [indoor residual spraying (IRS)] in Zambia. An economic evaluation of the costs for digital geospatial tooling to microplan and deliver IRS for malaria in Luapula Province, Zambia, was conducted using primary data collection m

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Gleave, Katherine, and Rosemary Susan Lees. "Better methods, better data: landscaping the priorities for improving methodologies in vector control." Gates Open Research 8 (March 21, 2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.15399.1.

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This article addresses the evolving challenges in evaluating insecticide-based tools for vector control. In response to the emergence of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors, novel chemistries and products are coming to market, and there is a need to review the available testing methodologies. Commonly used methods for evaluating insecticides, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) cone bioassay, are inadequate for the diverse range of tools now available. Innovation to Impact (I2I) has studied the variability in laboratory methods, with the aim of identifying key factors that

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Ghosh, K., M. Haque, A. Kafi, and S. Kabir. "Active Case Search of Kala-azar in an Endemic Area of Bangladesh:." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 28, no. 2 (2018): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v28i2.39076.

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Visceral Leishmaniasis which is also known as kala-azar is one of the most alarming vector borne Disease in Bangladesh. Kala-azar elimination program was launched in Bangladesh in the year 2008. The primary goal of this program is to decrease the burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis as much as possible. Active case search method are currently using for detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis patient in the community. The successful active case search activity or method lies in preventing and reducing Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to assess the Active Case Search a

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Aliyo, Alqeer, Wako Golicha, and Anteneh Fikrie. "Pastoral Community Malaria Prevention Practice and Associated Factors Among Households in Three Districts of the Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 10 (January 2023): 233339282211445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333928221144555.

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Background Malaria infection remains one of the major global and national public health threats, affecting millions of people yearly by causing substantial morbidity and mortality. In developing countries, higher proportions of poor malaria prevention and control measure both regionally and nationally, particularly in pastoral community areas of southern Ethiopia. Objective The study aimed to assess malaria preventive practices and associated factors among households of pastoral communities in Borena zone, Oromia regional state, Southern Ethiopia, 2022. Methodology A community-based cross-sect

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Karera Godfrey, Kasiita. "Influence of Risk Management on Project Implementation, a Case Study of Indoor Residual Spraying Project in Rwanda." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 11 (2022): 4166–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i11.em05.

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The study entitled “Influence of Risk Management on Project Implementation, a case of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project in Rwanda”. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of project risk management on project implementation in Rwanda with reference to Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project. The study was guided by four specific objectives: to examine the influence of project risk identification on implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project, to assess the influence of Project Risk Analysis on the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) Project, to

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Aongola, Maureen, Patrick Kaonga, Charles Michelo, Jessy Zgambo, Joseph Lupenga, and Choolwe Jacobs. "Acceptability and associated factors of indoor residual spraying for malaria control by households in Luangwa district of Zambia: A multilevel analysis." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 8 (2022): e0000368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000368.

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The global burden of malaria has increased from 227 million cases in 2019 to 247 million cases in 2020. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains one of the most effective control strategies for malaria. The current study sought to measure the acceptability level and associated factors of indoor residual spraying. A cross sectional study was conducted from October to November 2020 in sixteen urban and rural communities of Luangwa district using a cluster sampling method, Multilevel analysis was used to account for the hierarchical structure of the data. The acceptability level of indoor residual

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Irish, Seth R., Derric Nimmo, Jameel Bharmel, et al. "A review of selective indoor residual spraying for malaria control." Malaria Journal 23, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05053-3.

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Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the most effective malaria control tools. However, its application has become limited to specific contexts due to the increased costs of IRS products and implementation programmes. Selective spraying—selective spray targeted to particular areas/surfaces of dwellings—has been proposed to maintain the malaria control and resistance-management benefits of IRS while decreasing the costs of the intervention. Methods A literature search was conducted to find (1) studies that assessed the resting behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes and (2) st

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Yewhalaw, Delenasaw, Eba Alemayehu Simma, Endalew Zemene, Kassahun Zeleke, and Teshome Degefa. "Residual efficacy of SumiShield™ 50WG for indoor residual spraying in Ethiopia." Malaria Journal 21, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04395-0.

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Abstract Background The rate of decay of the biological efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying (IRS) is an important factor when making decisions on insecticide choice for national malaria control programmes. A key roadblock to IRS programme is insecticide resistance. If resistance is detected to most of the existing insecticides used for IRS (DDT, pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates), the logical next choice could be neonicotinoid insecticides, as pyrethroids are used to treat nets. SumiShield™ 50WG belongs to the neonicotinoid class of insecticides and has shown

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Gonçalves, Raquel, Rhiannon A. E. Logan, Hanafy M. Ismail, Mark J. I. Paine, Caryn Bern, and Orin Courtenay. "Indoor residual spraying practices against Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco: contributing factors to suboptimal insecticide delivery to treated households." Parasites & Vectors 14, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04831-1.

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Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides is a key method to reduce vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease in a large part of South America. However, the successes of IRS in the Gran Chaco region straddling Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, have not equalled those in other Southern Cone countries. Aims This study evaluated routine IRS practices and insecticide quality control in a typical endemic community in the Bolivian Chaco. Methods Alpha-cypermethrin active ingredient (a.i.) captured onto filter papers fitted to sprayed wall surfaces, and

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Ibrahim, Medina, Hunachew Beyene, Alemu Tolcha, Habtamu Eskendir, and Abiyu Ayalew Assefa. "Altering of the sprayed wall after indoor residual spraying and associated factors among households in Boricha district, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia, 2019: community-based cross-sectional study." Malaria Journal 22, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04573-8.

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Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been the main tool used to control malaria. Reducing the life span and the density of the vector mosquitoes are direct effects of IRS towards restricting malaria transmission. Residents must not wash or re-plaster walls after the spray application for at least 6 months to fight against malaria with IRS. This study sought to assess the alteration of the sprayed wall after the IRS operation and associated factors among households in the Boricha district. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 608 households selecte

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Keating, Joseph, Joshua O. Yukich, John M. Miller, et al. "Retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of indoor residual spray with pirimiphos‐methyl (Actellic) on malaria transmission in Zambia." Malaria Journal 20, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03710-5.

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Abstract Background Widespread insecticide resistance to pyrethroids could thwart progress towards elimination. Recently, the World Health Organization has encouraged the use of non-pyrethroid insecticides to reduce the spread of insecticide resistance. An electronic tool for implementing and tracking coverage of IRS campaigns has recently been tested (mSpray), using satellite imagery to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the enumeration process. The purpose of this paper is to retrospectively analyse cross-sectional observational data to provide evidence of the epidemiological effectivene

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Alafo, Celso, Helena Martí-Soler, Mara Máquina, et al. "To spray or target mosquitoes another way: focused entomological intelligence guides the implementation of indoor residual spraying in southern Mozambique." Malaria Journal 21, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04233-3.

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Abstract Background To eliminate malaria in southern Mozambique, the National Malaria Control Programme and its partners are scaling up indoor residual spraying (IRS) activities in two provinces, Gaza and Inhambane. An entomological surveillance planning tool (ESPT) was used to answer the programmatic question of whether IRS would be effective in target geographies, given limited information on local vector bionomics. Methods Entomological intelligence was collected in six sentinel sites at the end of the rainy season (April–May 2018) and the beginning of the dry season (June–July 2018). The p

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DeBoer, Kylie R., Liberato Motobe Vaz, Teresa Ayingono Ondo Mfumu, et al. "Assessing IRS performance in a gender-integrated vector control programme on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, 2010–2021." Malaria Journal 22, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04755-4.

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Abstract Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a common vector control strategy in countries with high malaria burden. Historically, social norms have prevented women from working in IRS programmes. The Bioko Island Malaria Elimination Project has actively sought to reduce gender inequality in malaria control operations for many years by promoting women’s participation in IRS. Methods This study investigated the progress of female engagement and compared spray productivity by gender from 2010 to 2021, using inferential tests and multivariable regression. Spray productivity was measured

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