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Journal articles on the topic 'Indoor thermal environment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yan, Hai Yan, Liu Yang, Yun Gang An, Fang Xia, and Dan Meng. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of the Folk Houses in the Winter in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Climatic Zone." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3583.

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Based on the field study on Huangjiagou village which is the typical settlement in the southern of Shanxi province, China, the general profile of buildings, the indoor thermal environments of the village were investigated by measuring and questionnaires simultaneously. The results revealed that: the indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort of housing were poor; the reasons of the poor indoor thermal environment were analyzed. At last, the measures of improving the indoor thermal environment were raised. It provided the theory and data basement of improving the indoor thermal environment and bringing about sustainable development of Bourg houses in hot summer and cold winter region.
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Wu, Shi Jie, and Zeng Feng Yan. "Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation of Xi'an Residential Building in Summer." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2882.

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Natural ventilation is an important role to improve the residential building indoor thermal environment in summer. This paper use Energy Plus to simulate indoor thermal environment and use CFD to simulate indoor air flow for Xi’an residential building, analysis the influence that different ventilation mode for indoor thermal environment factors. Then with the simulated result of PMV-PPD value to estimate indoor thermal comfort. Proved night ventilation is necessary in residential building in Xi’an and effectiveness to improve indoor thermal comfort.
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3

Rahim, Mustamin, and Baharuddin Hamzah. "Indoor thermal environment in tropical archipelago city." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 213 (December 28, 2018): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/213/1/012026.

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4

Yun, Hyunjun, Jinho Yang, Byong Hyoek Lee, Jongcheol Kim, and Jong-Ryeul Sohn. "Indoor Thermal Environment Long-Term Data Analytics Using IoT Devices in Korean Apartments: A Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197334.

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IoT-based monitoring devices can transmit real-time and long-term thermal environment data, enabling innovative conversion for the evaluation and management of the indoor thermal environment. However, long-term indoor thermal measurements using IoT-based devices to investigate health effects have rarely been conducted. Using apartments in Seoul as a case study, we conducted long-term monitoring of thermal environmental using IoT-based real-time wireless sensors. We measured the temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 in the kitchen, living room, and bedrooms of each household over one year. In addition, in one of the houses, velocity and globe temperatures were measured for multiple summer and autumn seasons. Results of our present study indicated that outdoor temperature is an important influencing factor of indoor thermal environment and indoor RH is a good indicator of residents’ lifestyle. Our findings highlighted the need for temperature management in summer, RH management in winter, and kitchen thermal environment management during summer and tropical nights. This study suggested that IoT devices are a potential approach for evaluating personal exposure to indoor thermal environmental risks. In addition, long-term monitoring and analysis is an efficient approach for analyzing complex indoor thermal environments and is a viable method for application in healthcare.
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Li, Li Ping. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Tibetan Rammed Dwellings." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1995.

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In this paper, the test of the indoor thermal environment for Tibetan traditional dwellings of Shangri-la in winter, that have tested indoor temperature and the temperature of house surface, and contrast to analysis tested parameters. The results of the test show climate characteristics in Shangri-la and variations of temperature effecting indoor thermal comfortable.
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Li, Li Ping. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Dai Nationality Wood Dwellings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.149.

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In this paper, the test of the indoor thermal environment for the traditional Dai nationality dwellings of Jinghong in Xishuaibanna in summer, that have tested indoor temperature and the temperature of house surface, and contrast to analysis tested parameters. The results of the test show climate characteristics in Xishuaibanna and variations of temperature effecting indoor thermal comfortable. The proposes and measures be taken out from this test for improving the comfortable of the indoor thermal environment.
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Cai, Kun, Zheng Dong Chen, Xue Bin Yang, Yao Fen Zhang, and Ming Xue Li. "Effect of Indoor Thermal Environment on Building Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.137.

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This study reviews some published literatures to seek the relationship between the parameters of indoor environments and the energy consumption. The indoor thermal environments are categorized and defined as different indices and variables. The building energy can be determined by indoor air temperature, occupant-area ratio and working days. Several parameters of indoor thermal environments such as air velocity, neutral temperature, predicted mean vote, indoor air quality, and set point temperature, are summarized for their influence on the energy consumption. It can be concluded that the increased local air velocity, enhanced neutral temperature, and enlarged set point temperature may be beneficial to reduce the energy consumption.
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Yao, Jian, and Jin Xu. "Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation by Using MATLAB and Simulink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2785.

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To compare the indoor thermal environment under different building envelope constructions, a Matlab-based tool was presented for building envelope performance simulation. An application study of two cases illustrates energy efficient buildings can provide more suitable indoor environment than non-energy efficient buildings in cold winter and hot summer. In conclusion, this paper provides a new and fast way for the prediction of indoor thermal environment.
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Hong, Xiaowei, Guangjin Zhang, and Yufeng Zhang. "The effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional buildings in Wuyuan." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405013.

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Indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional houses is depended on surrounding environments, building layouts and envelope. Quantitative analysis of the effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment is of great significance for preventions of traditional houses and design of new archaized houses. A field investigation was conducted on thirty-six traditional houses from nine villages in Wuyuan, and the typical buildings’ layout and envelope were determined. Four traditional buildings in different location in Wuyuan were selected for continual recording. The four buildings with four types of building layouts and envelope were analyzed by using local adaptive thermal comfort model, and the effects of building layouts and envelope of traditional buildings were clearly revealed. The most crucial way to improve indoor thermal environment in Hui style traditional buildings was raising the indoor air temperature.
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10

Li, Jiayu, Bohong Zheng, Xiao Chen, Yihua Zhou, Jifa Rao, and Komi Bernard Bedra. "Research on Annual Thermal Environment of Non-Hvac Building Regulated by Window-to-Wall Ratio in a Chinese City (Chenzhou)." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 6637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166637.

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As the window-to-wall ratio, a microclimatic factor in residential districts, regulates the indoor thermal environment and implicates the energy consumption, this research was aimed at interpreting the microclimate effects of the window-to-wall ratio on the indoor thermal environment of the non-Hvac building located in the block from the view of a full year. Urban built parameters and building material parameters applied in Chenzhou were investigated, with the ENVI-met model serving as the analytical tool calculating the meteorological data recorded in the local national meteorological station. The thermal perception criterion of Chenzhou citizens was investigated, and thermal isotherms were employed to interpret the thermal perception distribution throughout the year. Analytical results revealed that the annual indoor thermal environment would deteriorate along with the growth of the window-to-wall ratio in Chenzhou, with the very hot thermal perception environment covering the months from March to October once the window-to-wall ratio outnumbered 60.00%. Furthermore, the hot and very hot thermal perception environments originated in the ranges of 0.00% to 20.00% and that of 20.00% to 40.00%, respectively. Furthermore, if the window-to-wall ratios (WWRs) outnumbered 40%, their effects on the indoor thermal perception environment would gradually decrease and be powerless once that exceeded 80%.
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KC, Rajan, Hom Rijal, Masanori Shukuya, and Kazui Yoshida. "An Investigation of the Behavioral Characteristics of Higher- and Lower-Temperature Group Families in a Condominium Equipped with a HEMS System." Buildings 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010004.

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A home energy management system (HEMS) shows the energy used indoors so that the energy waste can be easily identified and reduced. Thermal comfort is related to the trend of energy use in buildings. We conducted a survey in a condominium equipped with a HEMS to determine the indoor thermal environment and various behaviors of the occupants taken for thermal comfort adjustment. The results showed that there is a large variation of indoor air temperatures according to season, floor and flat. We categorized families into two groups, one with higher and the other with lower average indoor temperatures. The indoor air temperature of the higher temperature group in summer was found to be higher than the recommended indoor temperature during the summer season in Japan. The higher temperature group tended to adopt behaviors, such as window opening and using a fan more often, than the lower temperature group. Due to the moderately high insulating levels in the building surveyed, the indoor air temperature of both groups was not low in winter. Heating was used less and irregular. The overall results indicate that the groups of families behaved differently to adjust the indoor thermal environment even though they were equipped with the same HEMS system.
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12

Yu, Wenhong, Nana Dong, and Hui Li. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment Control and Thermal Sensation Prediction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 237 (March 19, 2019): 052054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/237/5/052054.

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13

Li, Li Ping, and Shuai Fan. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Rammed Earth Dwellings in Happy Village." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.301.

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In this paper, the test of the indoor thermal environment for Tibetan dwellings in Happy Village in winter, that have tested indoor temperature and the temperature of house surface, and contrast to analysis tested parameters. The results of the test show climate characteristics in rammed earth Tibetan dwellings and variations of temperature effecting indoor thermal comfortable. The proposes and measures be taken out from this test for improving the comfortable of the indoor thermal environment.
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14

Yeom, Dongwoo, Joon-Ho Choi, and Yimin Zhu. "Investigation of physiological differences between immersive virtual environment and indoor environment in a building." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17731945.

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In the domain of building science and architectural design, the immersive virtual environment is being commonly adopted due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness, especially for research relevant to occupant behaviour in a building indoor environmental control. The goal of this study is to investigate whether such an immersive virtual environment condition could affect an occupant's thermal sensation and physiological response to ambient conditions differently, as compared to a real indoor environment, even though those two thermal conditions are the same or very similar. A series of human subject experiments using 18 participants was conducted in an environmental chamber. While thermal conditions were controlled at 20℃ to 30℃ in each environment, respectively, participants were asked to periodically report their thermal sensations on their body. Their heart rates were also continuously measured. The result of our experiments revealed that overall thermal sensations on the whole and local body areas showed some significant differences between the indoor environment and immersive virtual environment conditions during the same thermal conditions. Also, the heart rate difference between two environmental conditions was statistically significant at every thermal sensation level. These findings support the idea that significant physiological response differences could be affected by the immersive virtual environment condition.
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15

Fukuda, Tomohiro, Kazuki Yokoi, Nobuyoshi Yabuki, and Ali Motamedi. "An indoor thermal environment design system for renovation using augmented reality." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 2, 2018): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2018.05.007.

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Abstract The renovation projects of buildings and living spaces, which aim to improve the thermal environment, are gaining importance because of energy saving effects and occupants' health considerations. However, the indoor thermal design is not usually performed in a very efficient manner by stakeholders, due to the limitations of a sequential waterfall design process model, and due to the difficulty in comprehending the CFD simulation results for stakeholders. On the other hand, indoor greenery has been introduced to buildings as a method for adjusting the thermal condition. Creating a VR environment, which can realistically and intuitively visualize a thermal simulation model is very time consuming and the resulting VR environment created by 3D computer graphics objects is disconnected from the reality and does not allow design stakeholders to experience the feelings of the real world. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a new AR-based methodology for intuitively visualizing indoor thermal environment for building renovation projects. In our proposed system, easy-to-comprehend visualization of CFD results augment the real scenes to provide users with information about thermal effects of their renovation design alternatives interactively. Case studies to assess the effect of indoor greenery alternatives on the thermal environment are performed. In conclusion, integrating CFD and AR provides users with a more natural feeling of the future thermal environment. The proposed method was evaluated feasible and effective. Highlights An indoor thermal environment design system for renovation projects is developed. Visualization of indoor CFD results in an AR environment is realized and tested. Users can study both architectural design and thermal environment simultaneously. Feasibility and practicality were validated through case studies of indoor greenery alternatives.
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16

Kwong, Qi Jie, Jim Yexin Yang, Oliver Hoon Leh Ling, and Jamalunlaili Abdullah. "Thermal Environment Analysis of a Scientific Laboratory using Computational Fluid Dynamics." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926602004.

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University staff and students typically spend most of their time indoors. This paper evaluates the thermal environment of an air-conditioned scientific laboratory in a tertiary educational institution in Malaysia using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This computational technique has been used in analysing the indoor environments and has been found to be useful in aiding facilities management. A pilot survey was conducted to collect the required information such as indoor parameters and boundary conditions for the setting up of a CFD model of the laboratory. The model was then simulated based on the data obtained from field observations. Results indicate that the laboratory users sitting at different rows and work desks would experience different thermal sensations. The mean air temperature was below the recommended comfort zone specified in the local energy standard, but the air velocities were generally within the acceptable range. Based on the calculated predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) indices, most of the users would be thermally uncomfortable, and a warmer environment was preferred. Recommendations were made to regulate the inlet air temperature of the laboratory to improve thermal comfort of laboratory users and for energy saving purposes.
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17

Ukai, Masanari, and Tatsuo Nobe. "Human-Oriented Design of an Indoor Thermal Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102001.

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In this study, an initial survey of clothing insulation and changes in the metabolic rate of individuals in office spaces was performed to establish the distribution of room temperatures at which individuals perceived a neutral thermal sensation. Subsequently, the indoor thermal environment in four offices was surveyed during the summer with different air-conditioning systems to determine the thermal environment stability in each case. The results revealed that for the required temperature, there was a noticeable difference between the average and most frequent values. Moreover, it was determined that the required temperature distribution is not normal, but rather, it is skewed to the low-temperature side. In addition, the radiant air-conditioning system was found to generate a narrow distribution of the equivalent temperature and hence, facilitated a more uniform thermal environment compared to a convective (multi-unit) air-conditioning system. Therefore, in buildings with convective air-conditioning systems, even if the planar average thermal environment is categorized as comfortable, it may be possible that workers who are sensitive to the cold or heat will complain of discomfort more frequently than those in buildings with radiant air-conditioning systems because the probability of workers sitting in cold- or hot-spot areas is higher in the former case.
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18

Liu, Ze Qin, Ge Li, and Yun Su. "The Experimental Study on the Effects of Supply Air Angle on Indoor Thermal Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.584.

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Different indoor thermal environment was affected by the different supply air parameters. In this paper, the indoor temperature field and PMV value in the conditions of different supply air angles were studied to explore the influence of indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort affected by the varied supply air angles. The experimental results showed that the average temperature of indoor air and the temperature gradient of personnel main activity area increased with increasing the supply air angel. In contrast, a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment could be formed with the supply air angel between 0°to 15°.
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19

Xu, Xinyin, Baochuan Fu, Zhengtian Wu, and Guang Sun. "Predictive control for indoor environment based on thermal adaptation." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (April 2021): 003685042110069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211006971.

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Previous studies show that the indoor environment quality (IEQ) of buildings directly affects human health and comfort. This study aims to predict the change of indoor parameters at the next moment under the influences of the current indoor climate and outdoor climate and control the IEQ parameters based on the human thermal adaption in advance. We combine the simulation and the mathematical method to establish the office building model with air-conditioning and lighting systems and construct the bilinear model of the IEQ parameters and control variables. Unknown parameters are identified using the experimental method. Model predictive control (MPC) based on human thermal comfort is discussed by considering human thermal adaptation, and the neutral temperature is calculated through the dynamic relationship between outdoor and indoor temperatures. Results show that the temperature setpoint is adjusted in accordance with human adaptability, and the air-conditioning, fan, and lighting systems are controlled via MPC. The usage time of air-conditioning and light is reduced, and thus, energy is saved.
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Ibrahim, Anwar, Hikmat Ali, Aroub Zghoul, and Suha Jaradat. "Mood state and human evaluation of the thermal environment using virtual settings." Indoor and Built Environment 30, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19880325.

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Many complaints about indoor conditions are related to unsatisfactory thermal environments. Most research on thermal comfort (TC) considered physical parameters for settings and users yet marginalized the influence of user’s psychological aspects in the process of thermal sensation. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has been used in the built environment to simulate real scenarios. This research examines the effect of mood states on human evaluation of the thermal environment in virtual settings. Forty-four university students from Jordan participated. The experiment followed the ‘Experimental Design Method’ using thermally controlled chamber and TC evaluation using psychological responses developed by Fanger. The participants completed the PANAS-X pre-mood test before watching a video that targeted eliciting predetermined mood states: anger and happiness. The participants were then immersed in two virtual environments and asked to complete ASHRAE 7-point scale of TC. General Linear model was used to analyse the data. The results revealed a relationship between TC, mood state and quality of the indoor environment. Humans’ judgment on TC is a variable mental reaction. The research presents differences between the evaluation of angry and happy people to their thermal environments. This study expands research on the indoor environment quality and develops TC evaluation strategies.
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21

Zhu, Yi Ping, Xi Liao, Shu Yun Wu, Jing Luo, Yuan Jiang, and Wen Bo Wu. "Study on the Thermal Performance of the Vernacular Dwellings in Wei-He Plain of Shaanxi Province." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1589.

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Based on indoor thermal environment test and questionnaire surveys, the paper studies on thermal insulation capacity and indoor thermal environment of the vernacular dwellings in Wei-he Plain of Shaanxi Province, China, and analyses their heating methods and application status. Besides, the popularity of sustainable techniques in local area has been evaluated and summarized. Moreover, the paper discusses the present problems in local indoor thermal environment and energy-saving status.
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22

Zhang, Lei, Jingyuan Zhao, Jiaping Liu, and Ming Chang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Environment of Collection Multi-Layer Settlement Residential Building in Winter—Take the Herdsmen Settlement in Western Mountain Grassland as an Example." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6154.

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This study aimed to analyze the winter indoor thermal environment of collection multi-layer settlement residential building in China’s western mountain grassland area. The method of analysis is field testing and data calculation, include indoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor air temperature and humidity, thermal comfort index. The result shows the relationship between indoor thermal environment, envelope materials, heating methods, location of rooms and building type. In addition, the influence was quantified in 0~11 °C in winter. Finally, advice put forward to promote the indoor thermal environment.
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Jamaludin, Nazhatulzalkis, Mohd Faris Khamidi, Suriani Ngah Abdul Wahab, and Mustafa M. A. Klufallah. "Indoor Thermal Environment in Tropical Climate Residential Building." E3S Web of Conferences 3 (2014): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20140301026.

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24

Yoo, Sung-Jun, and Kazuhide Ito. "Numerical prediction of tissue dosimetry in respiratory tract using computer simulated person integrated with physiologically based pharmacokinetic–computational fluid dynamics hybrid analysis." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 7 (February 22, 2017): 877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17694475.

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Indoor environmental quality, e.g. air quality and thermal environments, has a potential impact on residents in indoors. Development of a computer simulated person (CSP) for indoor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation can contribute to the improvement of design and prediction method regarding the interaction between indoor air/thermal environmental factors and human responses. In this study, a CSP integrated with a virtual airway was developed and used to estimate inhalation exposure in an indoor environment. The virtual airway is a numerical respiratory tract model for CFD simulation that reproduces detailed geometry from the nasal/oral cavity to the bronchial tubes by way of the trachea. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)-CFD hybrid analysis is also integrated into the CSP. Through the coupled simulation of PBPK-CFD-CSP analysis, inhalation exposure under steady state conditions where formaldehyde was emitted from floor material was analysed and respiratory tissue doses and their distributions of inhaled contaminants are discussed quantitatively.
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Gao, Zhi Yong, Qun Li Zhang, De Ying Li, and Yong Zheng Shi. "Test and Analysis of Large Space Station Field Environment." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5803.

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Field environment parameters of the waiting room of the railway station were measured. By the data obtained by testing, this paper analyzes the indoor field environmental quality of the large space building and evaluates the thermal comfort of activities of the major regional staff. It turned out that the indoor environment barely meets the requirements of thermal comfort, quality of acoustic environment beyond the standards, light environment is perfect and indoor air quality is poor.
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Singh, Manoj, Sadhan Mahapatra, and Jacques Teller. "Relation between indoor thermal environment and renovation in liege residential buildings." Thermal Science 18, no. 3 (2014): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1403889s.

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Indoor thermal environment monitoring has been done in 20 residential buildings of Liege city followed by questionnaire based comfort survey amongst the occupants of 85 houses in order to record their preference and expectations about indoor thermal environment in winter and spring season. It is found from the analysis that change of glazing has a minimum or even sometimes an adverse effect on the existing indoor environment due to the absence of proper insulation of the rest of the building envelope. It is observed that in winter there is a sudden drop in indoor temperature and also overheating in summer. This is due to unplanned installation of glazing which actually increases the fenestration area ratio leading to higher indoor temperature fluctuation and causes discomfort. It is also important that the occupant?s preference and expectations as well as overall assessment of indoor environment needs to be consider towards energy efficiency improvement.
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Li, Li Ping, and Shuai Fan. "Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Ecological Rammed Earth Tibetan Dialogue in Happy Village." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3588.

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In this paper, the test of the indoor thermal environment for Tibetan Dialogue in Happy Village in winter, that have tested indoor temperature and the temperature of house surface, and contrast to analysis tested parameters. The results of the test show climate characteristics in rammed earth Tibetan Dialogue and variations of temperature effecting indoor thermal comfortable. The proposes and measures be taken out from this test for improving the comfortable of the indoor thermal environment.
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28

Zhang, Lei, Jia Ping Liu, Da Long Liu, and Wen Fang He. "Test Study of the Thermal Environment in Summer of New and Old Two Types of Rural Houses in QiLian Mountain Northern Foothills Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.554.

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This study aimed to analyze the summer indoor thermal environment of new and old two types of rural houses in QiLian Mountain northern foothills area. The method of analysis is field testing. The result shows the relationship between indoor thermal environment and envelope materials, location of rooms. In addition, the influence was Quantified in 1~2° C. Finally, advice put forward to promote the indoor thermal environment.
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29

Liu, Yanfeng, Jing Jiang, Dengjia Wang, and Jiaping Liu. "The indoor thermal environment of rural school classrooms in Northwestern China." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 5 (March 7, 2016): 662–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16634826.

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School classroom thermal environments could impact on thermal comfort and learning performance. Currently, the majority of research on the school indoor thermal environment has been focusing on urban areas, but notably little research has been conducted on rural schools. A field study was undertaken during the winter in Northwestern China, in order to investigate the indoor thermal environment and the impact on students’ thermal comfort and learning performance in rural primary and secondary schools. Through subjective surveys and objective measurements, we gathered 763 sets of data and questionnaires. Together with the measured air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, globe temperature, teenagers’ activity levels and clothing insulation levels, the sensations of the indoor air conditions and the learning performance were evaluated. The current thermal environment situation in rural schools was identified. The neutral temperature was found to be approximately 15.0℃ with an average clothing insulation of 1.6 clo. Overall, the environment is satisfactory and comfortable. Moreover, the results from the students’ fatigue testing demonstrated the temperature corresponding to the highest learning performance is lower than the actual neutral temperature by about 1.0℃. The basic parameters of our findings have provided a future reference for improvement of the thermal environment in rural schools.
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Sun, Qing, Li Na Gao, Zai Lin Piao, and Shi Yan Gu. "New Type Rural Residence Energy-Saving Effect Analysis in Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1650.

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Building energy efficiency is a current research focus. This paper combined actual testing and software simulation to studies the new type rural residential in Chaoyang, study its effect on the indoor thermal environment and energy saving effect. The results showed that the new type rural residential indoor air temperature significantly lower than ordinary one in both vertical and horizontal directions, indoor thermal environment has markedly improved, and heat load indicators reduced significantly, energy-saving rate up to 66.41%, achieved the dual effect of improving indoor thermal environment and energy efficiency.
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Duan, Pei Yong, Hui Li, and Cong Cong Liu. "Optimization Control for Dynamic Thermal Comfort in an Intelligent Inhabitation Environment." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.371.

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Comfortable, healthy, and energy-saving indoor environments can be obtained via a dynamic thermal comfort control. Difficulties to design an optimal control system for a dynamic thermal environment arise due to the lack of coordinative control evaluation methods for conflicting comfort and energy-saving indices. An improved multi-objective algorithm based on discrete PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is proposed to calculate the optimal values of parameters in the dynamic comfort control system based on users balance between the comfort and energy conservation. No a priori information or physical indoor environment model is needed. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
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Tam, Claire, Yuqing Zhao, Zaiyi Liao, and Lian Zhao. "Mitigation Strategies for Overheating and High Carbon Dioxide Concentration within Institutional Buildings: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada." Buildings 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10070124.

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Indoor air quality and thermal conditions are important considerations when designing indoor spaces to ensure occupant health, satisfaction, and productivity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and indoor air temperature are two measurable parameters to assess air quality and thermal conditions within a space. Occupants are progressively affected by the indoor environment as the time spent indoors prolongs. Specifically, there is an interest in carrying out investigations on the indoor environment through surveying existing Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operations in classrooms. Indoor air temperature and CO2 concentration in multiple lecture halls in Toronto, Canada were monitored; observations consistently show high indoor air temperature (overheating) and high CO2 concentration. One classroom is chosen as a representative case study for this paper. The results verify a strong correlation between the number of occupants and the increase in air temperature and CO2 concentration. Building Energy Simulation (BES) is used to investigate the causes of discomfort in the classroom, and to identify methods for regulating the temperature and CO2 concentration. This paper proposes retro-commissioning strategies that could be implemented in institutional buildings; specifically, the increase of outdoor airflow rate and the addition of occupancy-based pre-active HVAC system control. The proposed retrofit cases reduce the measured overheating in the classrooms by 2-3 °C (indoor temperature should be below 23 °C) and maintain CO2 concentration under 900 ppm (the CO2 threshold is 1000 ppm), showing promising improvements to a classroom’s thermal condition and indoor air quality.
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Zhu, Pei Sheng, Fei Guo, Tong Zhu, and Shu Guo Liu. "Field Investigation of Indoor Thermal Environment and Thermal Adaption of Dalian Residences in Winter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.458.

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To study the thermal environment of Dalian residences, in winter from 2011 to 2012 field investigation were conducted on indoor thermal environment, thermal sensation and adaptation measures. Thermal comfort instrument was used, and 102 subjective questionnaires in 36 families were collected. The acceptability to the thermal environment is 93.2%. The neutral temperature is 20.44°C, and the expected temperature is 20.81°C. 80% of the acceptable temperature range is 17.38-24.28°C. 57% of subjects think it is dry indoor and measures shall be taken for humidification.
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Han, Dianshan, Rui Li, Fulin Wang, Zeyu Sun, Saejin Moon, Ziyang Gong, Wenhong Yu, and Yin Zhang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Environment Control Based on Thermal Sensation Prediction." Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 3072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.298.

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Huang, Xianfeng, and Chen Qu. "Research on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Age of Air in Qilou Street Shop under Mechanical Ventilation Scheme: A Case Study of Nanning Traditional Block in Southern China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 4037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074037.

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In hot summers, air conditioning (AC) and mechanical ventilation (such as fans) are used as cooling modes that strongly influence the resultant indoor environment, like thermal comfort and air quality in the shops of a Nanning arcade street (qilou). The air circulation mode in shops greatly affects the indoor thermal environment and level of air freshness. The approaches for effectively improving the indoor thermal comfort and air quality are developed in qilou street shops with air-conditioner in a humid and hot region in southern China. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to assess different ventilation schemes in order to identify the best one. By using two indices, i.e., the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the age of air (AoA), in situ measurement and numerical simulation are conducted to investigate humans’ thermal comfort in extreme summer. Then, the indoor thermal comfort and AoA levels in summer under three different ventilation schemes (upper-inlet–upper-outlet, upper-inlet–bottom-outlet, and side-inlet–side-outlet) are comparatively analyzed through numerical computations of the indoor thermal environment. The results show that the upper-inlet–upper-outlet mode of the AC ventilation scheme led to the creation of a favorable air quality and comfortable thermal environment inside the shop, which will help designers understand the influence of the ventilation scheme on the indoor thermal comfort and health environment.
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Fantozzi, Fabio, and Giulia Lamberti. "Determination of Thermal Comfort in Indoor Sport Facilities Located in Moderate Environments: An Overview." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120769.

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In previous years, providing comfort in indoor environments has become a major question for researchers. Thus, indoor environmental quality (IEQ)—concerning the aspects of air quality, thermal comfort, visual and acoustical quality—assumed a crucial role. Considering sport facilities, the evaluation of the thermal environment is one of the main issues that should be faced, as it may interfere with athletes’ performance and health. Thus, the necessity of a review comprehending the existing knowledge regarding the evaluation of the thermal environment and its application to sport facilities becomes increasingly relevant. This paper has the purpose to consolidate the aspects related to thermal comfort and their application to sport practice, through a deep study concerning the engineering, physiological, and psychological approaches to thermal comfort, a review of the main standards on the topic and an analysis of the methodologies and the models used by researchers to determine the thermal sensation of sport facilities’ occupants. Therefore, this review provides the basis for future research on the determination of thermal comfort in indoor sport facilities located in moderate environments.
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Pereira, Pedro Filipe da Conceição, Evandro Eduardo Broday, and Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier. "Thermal Comfort Applied in Hospital Environments: A Literature Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 7030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207030.

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The predicted mean vote (PMV) is the most widely used model around the world to assess thermal comfort in indoor environments. The year 2020 marks the 50th anniversary of the PMV model and also the year in which the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. In this context, hospital environments and health professionals are at the center of attention, and a good indoor environment for those professionals to develop their activities is essential. Thus, considering the PMV model and focusing on hospital environments, this study performed a literature review of studies published between 1968 and August 2020. The research identified 153 papers on thermal comfort and its application in hospitals, health centers, and elderly centers. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were adopted to determine the most relevant studies for the four research questions proposed in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 62 studies were included in order to identify their main characteristics. In the universe of the 62 studies, this review identified 24 studies that applied the PMV model and 12 where there was a comparison of PMV and the thermal sensation votes (TSV) reported by people. The main findings of this research are: (i) A good thermal environment for professionals and patients is important, and more studies are needed; (ii) there are little explored topics, such as productivity related to thermal comfort in hospital environments; (iii) in addition to thermal comfort, other indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters have also been evaluated, such as indoor air quality (IAQ); (iv): the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how the quality of indoor spaces is important in order to ensure occupant’s health.
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Liang, Yuan. "Influence of Surface Boundary Conditions on Architectural Indoor Thermal Environment with Air Conditioning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2756.

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In order to analysis influence on indoor thermal environment with surface boundary which are the first boundary condition and the second boundary condition under the average temperature distributed hourly of the outdoor air, indoor thermal environment model of single architectural with air conditioning was established, and the indoor thermal environment was simulated by the CFD software. The results show that, there is a little influence between the two kinds of surface boundary conditions, and the two kinds of surface boundary conditions could be considered as equivalent.
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Zhang, Huibo, Ya Chen, Hiroshi Yoshino, Jingchao Xie, Zhendong Mao, Jingwen Rui, and Jinfeng Zhang. "Winter Thermal Environment and Thermal Performance of Rural Elderly Housing in Severe Cold Regions of China." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114543.

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Understanding the thermal performance of the residential envelope is important for optimizing the indoor thermal environment. In this study, the indoor thermal environment and thermal performance of rural residences housing the elderly was determined through field measurements in Qiqihar in 2017 and 2019. The results revealed that the living room temperatures in more than 50% of homes were below the thermal neutral temperature for the elderly (17.32 °C). Moreover, the indoor thermal environment changed significantly during the day, with the predicted mean vote during the day fluctuating from 2 to 4 units. The air change rate of living rooms in 2017 and 2019 was 0.20–2.20 h−1 and 0.15–1.74 h−1, respectively. Residential ventilation times detected by an air-tightness detector ranged from 0.40–1.49 h−1. Furthermore, infrared thermography (IRT) detected air leakage in the windows of the all houses in this study, as well as thermal bridges and condensation on the exterior walls of several houses. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior walls of all houses detected by IRT was 0.25–0.74 W/(m2·K), and a significant positive correlation was observed between the heat transfer coefficient of the south wall and the window-to-wall ratio. Finally, the heat transfer coefficient of the external walls exhibited a negative but not significant correlation with indoor temperature. This study provides detailed data and guidance for improving the indoor environment of rural houses in severe cold regions.
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Prabhakaran, Raghavalu Thirumalai Durai, Simon F. Curling, Morwenna Spear, and Graham A. Ormondroyd. "Simulation Model to Evaluate Human Comfort Factors for an Office in a Building." Proceedings 2, no. 15 (August 24, 2018): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2151126.

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According to the literature, both advanced and developing countries are facing several challenges due to the lack of clean energy and emissions of CO2 leading to climate change. Especially in the built environment, energy efficient buildings are highly desirable to save energy without affecting occupant’s health while providing an acceptable indoor environment and thermal conditions. The use of insulation, passive solar heating, and HVAC systems can contribute to improve the indoor thermal comfort. In the present study, a numerical simulation model is developed to evaluate the human comfort factors in a simulated indoor environment. The CFD model considers the thermal interaction of humans with the indoor environment. Ventilation and a heat source are added to model a workspace for evaluating indoor air temperature and human comfort factors. Indices like predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage dissatisfaction (PPD) are evaluated to assess thermal sensation of human body when adding and removing a heat source in the model office (i.e., radiator).
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41

Islam, Rezuana, and Khandaker Shabbir Ahmed. "Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupant’s Living Pattern of Traditional Timber Houses in Tropics." Designs 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5010010.

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Traditional timber houses in tropics have specific environmental characteristics that evolved considering material constraints, local construction technology and climate. To provide occupants with the necessary comfort, these naturally ventilated houses adopted several passive design strategies. Moreover, occupants have unique living patterns which may have contributed towards achieving indoor thermal comfort. However, scientific knowledge regarding these issues is still limited. Therefore, considering traditional timber houses of Bangladesh as sample cases, this study aims to investigate existing relationship between an indoor thermal environment and an occupant’s living pattern within these tropical houses. Physical measurement of thermal parameters and questionnaire surveys followed by personal observations were conducted. Findings show that indoor air temperature (AT °C) fluctuates readily with that outdoors without a timelag resulting in daytime overheating. The occupant’s daytime thermal sensation is mostly slightly warm to hot. Semi-open and outdoor shaded spaces become a way to cope with the daytime overheating period. Occupants frequently use indoor spaces during the night when thermal sensation ranges between neutral to slightly cool. Finally, from the findings an interpretational graph has been developed relating indoor thermal environment with occupant’s living pattern within a traditional timber house. Findings will contribute to professionals and policy-makers developing architectural design strategies that may impact the occupant’s well-being in future.
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42

Hailu, Haven, Eshetu Gelan, and Yared Girma. "Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis: A Case Study of Modern and Traditional Buildings in Hot-Arid Climatic Region of Ethiopia." Urban Science 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030053.

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Indoor thermal comfort is an essential aspect of sustainable architecture and it is critical in maintaining a safe indoor environment. Expectations, acceptability, and preferences of traditional and modern buildings are different in terms of thermal comfort. This study, therefore, attempts to evaluate the indoor thermal comforts of modern and traditional buildings and identify the contributing factors that impede or facilitate indoor thermal comfort in Semera city, Ethiopia. This study employed subjective and objective measurements. The subjective measurement is based on the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale. An adaptive comfort model was employed according to the ASHRAE standard to evaluate indoor thermal comfort. The results revealed that with regards to thermal sensational votes between −1 and +1, 88% of the respondents are satisfied with the indoor environment in traditional houses, while in modern houses this figure is 22%. Likewise, 83% of occupants in traditional houses expressed a preference for their homes to remain the same or be only slightly cooler or warmer. Traditional houses were, on average, in compliance with the 80% acceptability band of the adaptive comfort standard. The study investigated that traditional building techniques and materials, in combination with consideration of microclimate, were found to play a significant role in regulating the indoor environment.
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Budiaková, Mária. "Indoor Environment Influenced by Radiant Effect of Floor Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.218.

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The paper is oriented on the indoor environment influenced by radiant effect of floor heating. Questionnaire survey has showed problems with providing quality of indoor climate in new office building in Bratislava. The cause of problems was formation of local thermal discomfort, in particular mainly radiant asymmetry. To clarify the radiant asymmetry, there were carried out experimental measurements with thermal manikin in a special microclimatic laboratory for the radiant floor heating. The scientific analysis and the outputs from measurements are presented in this paper. In the conclusion of this paper are introduced principals for designing the offices’ interiors without local thermal discomfort.
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Liu, Xiaoyan, Ruiyi Sun, Keqin Gong, Fanbin Meng, and Lijun Liu. "Investigation of indoor thermal environment in a rural house in Daqing." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170821061l.

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At present, the rural population of China is large. The rural population accounts for about 50% of the total population in Heilongjiang Province, which is located in cold region. The winter is cold in severe cold region, for example, the average outdoor temperature in winter is about ?25?C in Daqing which is located in Heilongjiang Province, the indoor residential thermal environment is poor, people living there are uncomfortable. The existing rural residential building was researched in Daqing of Heilongjiang and the study of the indoor thermal environment was carried out. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the changes of indoor temperature field before and after adopting the wall insulation of existing house. The results show that the thermal environment of the existing rural house without wall insulation can not satisfy the requirements of human comfort, and the bedroom temperature is about 15?C, and the temperature of the entrance hall is about 11?C. However, the insulation of the building envelope has an obvious effect on the indoor thermal environment, and the temperature of the bedroom and the entrance hall increase about 5?C and 3?C with wall insulation, respectively.
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45

Ding, Junwei, Chuck Wah Yu, and Shi-Jie Cao. "HVAC systems for environmental control to minimize the COVID-19 infection." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 9 (October 21, 2020): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x20951968.

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The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus arises significant concern for virus transmission and control. The control of the indoor environment or public-enclosed environment is crucial to reduce the risk of infection. Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to create a healthy, thermal-comfort indoor environments. Thus, the rational use of HVAC systems is of great importance for the environmental control to reduce infection risk and to improve human wellbeing in the pandemic. In order to satisfy the requirement of better healthy environment and more thermal comfort performance of indoor ventilation system, prevention of indoor pollution is essential, especially considering the purpose of disease transmission resistance. This paper investigated the collective contagion events in enclosed spaces as well as engineering control against virus spread with ventilation systems for health-care facilities and public vehicles. Future challenges of HVAC design and control were discussed.
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46

Yang, Xue Bin, Zhi Pan Gu, Ji Chun Yang, and Guang Ping Lin. "Review on the Research of Indoor Environment Quality and Building Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3043.

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This study reviews some published literatures to survey the recent research on indoor environment quality and building energy consumption. The indoor environment quality is categorized and defined as different indices and variables. The building energy consumption can be determined by ventilation rates, thermal comfort, adaptive thermal comfort, neutral temperature, set-point temperature, indoor air quality, air velocity, and non-occupied hours. Various climates or regions such as subtropical climates in Hong Kong, Italy, three climatic zones in Greece, hot and dry climates in Africa, hot and humid climate in Thailand, are contained. The building types include office buildings, commercial buildings and school buildings, and the data can be obtained from a simulation model or the field database. It can be concluded that the indoor environment quality has a significant influence on the building energy consumption, and a validated thermal model is be a practical tool to investigate the effect of the indoor environmental parameters.
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Gan, Vincent J. L., Han Luo, Yi Tan, Min Deng, and H. L. Kwok. "BIM and Data-Driven Predictive Analysis of Optimum Thermal Comfort for Indoor Environment." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134401.

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Mechanical ventilation comprises a significant proportion of the total energy consumed in buildings. Sufficient natural ventilation in buildings is critical in reducing the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation while maintaining a comfortable indoor environment for occupants. In this paper, a new computerized framework based on building information modelling (BIM) and machine learning data-driven models is presented to analyze the optimum thermal comfort for indoor environments with the effect of natural ventilation. BIM provides geometrical and semantic information of the built environment, which are leveraged for setting the computational domain and boundary conditions of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. CFD modelling is conducted to obtain the flow field and temperature distribution, the results of which determine the thermal comfort index in a ventilated environment. BIM–CFD provides spatial data, boundary conditions, indoor environmental parameters, and the thermal comfort index for machine learning to construct robust data-driven models to empower the predictive analysis. In the neural network, the adjacency matrix in the field of graph theory is used to represent the spatial features (such as zone adjacency and connectivity) and incorporate the potential impact of interzonal airflow in thermal comfort analysis. The results of a case study indicate that utilizing natural ventilation can save cooling power consumption, but it may not be sufficient to fulfil all the thermal comfort criteria. The performance of natural ventilation at different seasons should be considered to identify the period when both air conditioning energy use and indoor thermal comfort are achieved. With the proposed new framework, thermal comfort prediction can be examined more efficiently to study different design options, operating scenarios, and changeover strategies between various ventilation modes, such as better spatial HVAC system designs, specific room-based real-time HVAC control, and other potential applications to maximize indoor thermal comfort.
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Wang, Deng Jia, Yan Feng Liu, Jia Ping Liu, and Jing Hua Liu. "Thermal Environment of Traditional Dwelling Houses in Dry Hot and Dry Cold Climate Zone of China in Winter." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.178.

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In order to master the indoor thermal environment of the traditional dwelling houses in dry hot and dry cold climate zones in winter, the east Gansu province is taken for example to study. Indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation intensity and wind speed were obtained by using field-tested methods for the traditional dwelling houses in this region in winter, and the clothing form and activity of people were surveyed by way of questionnaire. And then, the influence of house orientation, indoor heat sources and insulation on the indoor thermal environment is analyzed, the WCI (wind chill index) is used to evaluate the indoor and outdoor thermal environment at last. The results show that: the indoor temperature can raise about 8.3 °C when the house orientation is better and Chinese kang as the heating heat source. The good practice on local structure is worthy of following for other houses, such as adobe posted solid brick wall, double windows, wooden sash windows and so on. However, people still feel very cool or cold about the indoor temperature for much of the day, and even people feel very cold for 5% of the day. At the end of thesis, some methods about the indoor thermal environment improvement are proposed.
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Stevanovic, Zana, Gradimir Ilic, Mica Vukic, Predrag Zivkovic, Bratislav Blagojevic, and Milos Banjac. "CFD simulations of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primary school classrooms." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 1 (2016): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150414171s.

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The purpose of Thermal Comfort is to specify the combinations of indoor space environment and personal factors that will produce thermal environment conditions acceptable to 80% or more of the occupants within a space. Naturally ventilated indoors has a very complex air movement, which depends on numerous variables such as: outdoor interaction, intensity of infiltration, the number of openings, the thermal inertia of walls, occupant behaviors, etc. The most important mechanism for naturally ventilated indoors is the intensity of infiltration and thermal buoyancy mechanism. In this study the objective was to determine indicators of thermal comfort for children, by the CFD model based on experimental measurements with modification on turbulent and radiant heat transfer mathematical model. The case study was selected on school children aged 8 and 9 years in primary school ?France Presern?, Belgrade. The purpose was to evaluate the relationships between the indoor environment and the subjective responses. Also there was analysis of infiltration and stack effect based on meterological data on site. The main parameters that were investigated are: operative temperature, radiant temperature, concentration of CO2 and air velocity. The new correction of turbulence and radiative heat transfer models has been validated by comparison with experimental data using additional statistical indicators. It was found that both turbulence model correct and the new radiative model of nontransparent media have a significant influence on CFD data set accuracy.
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Sun, Yu Ping, and Neng Zhu. "Influence of Temperature and Humidity Control in Air Conditioning on Indoor Environment Quality and Human Feelings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2648.

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In this study, the oxygen contents of the indoor air quality in different climatic conditions in a chamber were real-time monitored. At the same time, ten young volunteers sit in the three different environment conditions to fill subject feeling questionnaires. The climatic conditions referred to three groups of hot and humid environment (30°C, 35°C, 40°Cdry bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity). The results reveal the oxygen content of indoor air quality slightly decreased in different thermal environments, the values within normal variations. Questionnaire statistic results indicate that the temperature and humidity control in air conditioning significantly influence the human feelings. Thirsty, head heavy, tired, irritability, distraction, chest tightness and cold sweating are the main emerging symptoms in such indoor environments. Reasonable control of indoor temperature and humidity has vital importance to indoor environment quality.
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