Relevant bibliographies by topics / Induction hardening

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Induction hardening'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Induction hardening"

1

Knauf, S., K. Buchner, and R. Jenne. "Gearbox Production Using Distortion Controlled Inductive Fixture Hardening*." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 77, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-0003.

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Abstract Fixture-hardening, also known as quench-press hardening, is a widespread process mainly for the automotive industry. This paper introduces a new inductive hardening and tempering process that combines the well-known advantages of induction heating and hardening with the advantages of a fixture hardening process to obtain highly precise workpieces with enormously reduced or even without rework. The main component is a new hardening machine with implemented fixture hardening assembly and integrated induction coil, all in a protective gas atmosphere. Induction as electrical energy source can be used for heating up workpieces prior to fixture hardening and for tempering, which allows to simultaneously draw out the calibration mandrel without any abrasive wear on its surface. In certain applications, an expanding mandrel can be used in order to relieve the workpiece.
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Li, Zhong Hua, Qian Tang, Di Yan, and Jie Wu. "Design of the Conjugate Cam Induction Hardening Mechanism and Establishment of the Motion Controlling Mathematical Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.726.

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The common methods of cam induction hardening are discussed at present. By analyzing the basic motion law of conjugate cam, a new induction hardening mechanism is designed. The motion controlling mathematical model is built on the basis of the kinematic relationship of the transmission of the induction hardening mechanism. Through the mathematical model calculation, we can get angular velocity of the workbench, then realize that single axis on NC machine controls the inductor to make isometric uniform motion relative to the cam surface, so that the cam hardening depth distribution is uniform.
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Hájek, Jiří, David Rot, and Jakub Jiřinec. "Distortion in Induction-Hardened Cylindrical Part." Defect and Diffusion Forum 395 (August 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.395.30.

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This article concerns distortion of a workpiece after induction-hardening under various conditions. It focuses particularly on the effects of quenching water temperature, PAG polymer concentration and the rotation speed of the workpiece during induction hardening. Electrical as well as non-electrical quantities which affect the process were monitored. They included the current passing through the inductor, the power frequency, quenching water temperature, the flow rate of the quenchant through the spray-quench device, the speed of rotation of the workpiece and some others. The workpiece was a cylinder 70 mm in length which contained a drilled off-axis through hole. Prior to hardening, dimensions of the workpiece and the hole were measured on three planes set in different distances from the bottom face. The measurement was repeated after induction hardening and the findings are reported in this article. Post-process hardness was measured on the cylindrical surface of the workpiece. Hardening depths obtained with different quenchants were measured.
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Aliferov, A., M. Forzan, and S. Lupi. "Milliseconds pulse induction hardening." International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties 13, no. 1/2 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2018.093287.

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Aliferov, A., S. Lupi, and M. Forzan. "Milliseconds pulse induction hardening." International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties 13, no. 1/2 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2018.10014735.

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Pavlushin, Aleksey V. "Optimization design and operating parameters of induction heat-ing system for hardening." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series 29, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14498/tech.2021.3.2.

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The paper deals with the problem of optimizing the design and operating parameters of an induction heating system for surface hardening of a steel stepped shaft. The problem of optimal design of an inductor is formulated based on a nonlinear two-dimensional numerical model of coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields, developed in the ANSYS Mechanical APDL software. Alternance method of parametric optimization of systems with distributed parameters is used to optimize induction hardening system. MATLAB software has been used for developing parametric optimization subroutine, which was incorporated into the numerical ANSYS model to simulate a process of induction heating. Commonly used a multi-turn solenoid-style coil fabricated from rectangular copper tubing has been used as a hardening inductor. Besides that, an application of profiled copper turns has been investigated. Optimization of induction hardening system described above allows one to substantially improve heating uniformity and enhance metallurgical characteristics of as-hardened stepped shaft. Localized temperature surplus at an upper diameter shoulder has been minimized. At the same time, sufficient austenitization in the fillet area near stepped region (diameter transition) has been obtained.
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Hoja, S., N. Haupt, M. Steinbacher, and R. Fechte-Heinen. "Martensitic Induction Hardening of Nitrided Layers*." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 77, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-1027.

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Abstract In this research a combination of nitriding and induction hardening is investigated, as this is expected not only to result in significant savings in process time and energy, but also to produce surface layer properties that cannot be set with one of the individual processes. The focus of the current investigations was on the dissolution of the compound layer during inductive heating and the resulting microstructure formation and the hardness profile. Furthermore, it was investigated how the absence of a compound layer affects the subsequent martensitic transformation. For this purpose, differently nitrided surface layers were martensitically hardened and the microstructure was investigated metallographically and physically. After the martensitic transformation of the nitrided layer porosity and retained austenite were observed due to the decomposition of the nitrides of the compound layer. The retained austenite could be reduced by higher temperatures during surface hardening and compound layer removal. The investigations showed, that the optimum initial condition for induction hardening is nitriding with compound layer and a mechanical removal of the latter prior to induction heat treatment.
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Barglik, Jerzy. "Mathematical modeling of induction surface hardening." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 1403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2015-0323.

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Purpose – As far as the author knows the modeling of induction surface hardening is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present both mathematical models of continuous and simultaneous hardening processes and exemplary results of computations and measurements. The upper critical temperature Ac3 is determined from the Time Temperature Austenization diagram for investigated steel. Design/methodology/approach – Computation of coupled electromagnetic, thermal and hardness fields is based on the finite element methods, while the hardness distribution is determined by means of experimental dependence derived from the continuous cooling temperature diagram for investigated steel. Findings – The presented results may be used as a theoretical background for design of inductor-sprayer systems in continual and simultaneous arrangements and a proper selection of their electromagnetic and thermal parameters. Research limitations/implications – The both models reached a quite good accuracy validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at further improvement of numerical models in order to shorten the computation time. Practical implications – The results may be used for designing induction hardening systems and proper selection of field current and cooling parameters. Originality/value – Complete mathematical and numerical models for continuous and simultaneous surface induction hardening including dual frequency induction heating of gear wheels. Experimental validation of achieved results. Taking into account dependence of the upper critical temperature Ac3 on speed of heating.
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Iswanto, Iswanto. "Perbandingan Induction Hardening dengan Flame Hardening pada Sifat Fisik Baja ST 60." Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika 19, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v19i2.43203.

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<p><em>This study will discuss the comparison between induction hardening with flame hardening in ST 60 steel in terms of tensile strength and microstructure. The induction hardening machine is designed and made by itself with the maximum heat generated reaching 650 °C. While the flame hardening machine uses an acetylene welding machine. After heating the specimen to 650 °C, it is then cooled using water. Each heating process uses three specimens for tensile testing and microstructure testing. From the tensile test results obtained that, ST 60 steel with induction hardening has a greater tensile strength compared to flame hardening. ST 60 steels which experienced induction hardening treatment also had higher strain compared to ST 60 steels which experienced flame hardening treatments.</em></p>
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Aswad, Mokhalad F., Aseel J. Mohammed, and Sahar R. Faraj. "Induction Surface Hardening: a review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1973, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1973/1/012087.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Induction hardening"

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Gaude-Fugarolas, Daniel. "Modelling of transformations during induction hardening and tempering." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/218539.

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There are many circumstances in industry where steel components are locally heated into the austenite phase field, and then quenched rapidly to produce a hardened region. Induction hardening is one such process used widely in the manufacture of automobile components, in particular to enhance the wear and contact-fatigue resistance of rubbing surfaces.
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Candeo, Alessandro. "Induction hardening of components for the aerospace industry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422162.

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Induction heating has been widely used for heat treating and especially surface hardening in a broad variety of applications, ranging from the automotive to the renewable energy market. However, the lack of precise knowledge about the interrelation between all the concurrent physical phenomena occurring within the part during the heating cycle has restricted its use to mass-production items (mostly gears). The benets of this technology, which is clean, repeatable, and cost-eective, could boost its introduction into more conservative industry sectors, such as aerospace, where furnace-based treatments (e.g., carburizing) represent the golden standard. The major limitation is related to the optimization of the induction hardening process, which usually requires signicant material know-how and can thus be very long and expensive. Computer simulation could provide a general tool for understanding and improving the critical aspects of each step of the process, thus speeding up the preading of the induction technology into new markets.
Il riscaldamento a induzione è stato diffusamente impiegato nel settore dei trattamenti termici di componenti per i settori automobilistico ed eolico, in particolare per la tempra di indurimento in una varietà di applicazioni. I principali vantaggi legati all'utilizzo di questa tecnologia risiedono nell'elevato grado di ripetibilità ottenibile nel prodotto trattato, unitamente alla elevata velocità ed automazione di trattamento, fattori entrambi in grado di garantire una produzione efficiente e dal ridotto impatto ambientale. Tuttavia, a causa degli elevati requisiti di qualità del prodotto nito e dei ristretti quantitativi prodotti, alcuni settori industriali rimangono ancor oggi legati ai tradizionali processi di cementazione in forno, che risultano piuttosto dispendiosi per la lunga durata del trattamento termico ed il numero di operazioni di rettica necessarie a valle dello stesso. L'impiego di metodologie di simulazione numerica al calcolatore permette un'accurata messa a punto del processo di tempra a induzione attraverso prove sperimentali mirate, che ne consentano una rapida implementazione a nuovi settori applicativi.
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Spezzapria, Mattia. "Multiphysyical Finite Element Simulation of Contour Induction Hardening of Gears." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424333.

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Induction heating has been widely applied in the field of heat treatment of components for the automotive and aerospace sectors, in particular for the hardening of a huge variety of applications. The main advantages of using this technology counts the high level of repeatability achievable in the treated product, together with the high velocity and automation of treatment, factors both able to ensure production efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Nowadays, numerical methods are becoming more and more important as a reference method of analysis, in order to optimize the main parameters of the process, also thanks to the possibility of coupling different physical between them, a result which until a few years ago would not have been possible. The aim of this work is the analysis and numerical modeling of the process of induction hardening of gear wheels for the aerospace industry. In this thesis it will be shown how, starting from the electromagnetic and thermal coupled models, already extensively used in the last years by both the research and the industrial sectors, it is possible to calculate the phase transformations that occur in the steel during the heating and cooling stages. The algorithm developed will be firstly applied on the case of a simple 2D geometry, and then the complexity level will be gradually increased (both from computational and process point of view), applying the algorithm to an induction hardening process of a gear. The numerical results thus obtained will be verified experimentally.
Il riscaldamento a induzione è stato diffusamente impiegato nel settore dei trattamenti termici di componenti per i settori automobilistico ed aerospaziale, in particolare per la tempra di una vasta varietà di applicazioni. I principali vantaggi legati all’utilizzo di questa tecnologia risiedono nell’elevato grado di ripetibilità ottenibile nel prodotto trattato, unitamente alla elevata velocità ed automazione di trattamento, fattori entrambi in grado di garantire una produzione efficiente e dal ridotto impatto ambientale. Oggigiorno, i metodi numerici si stanno affermando sempre più come principale metodo di analisi, in modo da ottimizzare i principali parametri di processo, anche grazie alla possibilità di accoppiare diverse fisiche tra di loro, risultato che fino a pochi anni fa non sarebbe stato possibile. Scopo di questo lavoro è l’analisi e la modellazione numerica del processo di tempra ad induzione su ruote dentate per l’industria aerospaziale. Nel corso della tesi si mostrerà come, partendo dai modelli elettromagnetici e termici accoppiati, già diffusamente sviluppati negli anni sia a livello di ricerca che a livello industriale, è possibile anche calcolare le trasformazioni di fase che avvengono nell’acciaio nel corso del riscaldamento e del raffreddamento. L’algoritmo sviluppato verrà poi applicato dapprima su di un caso semplice 2D, per poi incrementare la difficoltà (sia computazionale che di processo), applicandolo ad un trattamento di tempra ad induzione di una ruota dentata. I risultati numerici così ottenuti verranno verificati sperimentalmente.
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Pasic, Anel. "The influence of the cooling rate during induction hardening on residual stresses and fatigue strength." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103718.

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A vital part in the transmission for Scania lorries is the shaft in the rear axle. Since this shaft is divided into two identical parts, these are termed half shafts. Close control of the manufacturing process of these is required. Influence of flow rate, temperature and polymer concentration of the quenchant was investigated. An important controlling factor is the cooling rate used in the hardening process. This factor was selected for investigation in the present study. It was found that high flow rate, low temperature and low polymer concentration gives high cooling rates. Further investigation was performed how the residual stresses, surface hardness and the case depth of the half shafts were affected by the cooling rate. The results show that residual stresses are particularly affected by the cooling rate. Higher cooling rates results in higher residual stresses. Since residual stresses are important for fatigue lifer, a fatigue study was also undertaken. Five half shafts were quenched with a polymer concentration of 5%, and another five with 15%. All ten half shafts were fatigue tested in torsion, using a Scania standardized method. The shafts were loaded in torsion torque with company confidential amplitude, mean equal to zero number of cycles to failure was recorded. In normal production the half shafts are quenched with 10% polymer concentration. No tests with a polymer concentration of 10% were carried out in this investigation since results from this concentration are available from earlier studies. Residual stresses were measured using a relatively new method developed by Scania, called the core drilling method. A 20 cm long portion of the shaft was center drilled in steps, gradually increasing the drill diameter. After each step, the relaxation of surface strain was measured in the longitudinal and transversal directions. Having obtained these data, stresses can be calculated. Residual stresses were also measured by x-ray diffraction. Only surface stresses are obtained in this way, however. These measurements were made for each of the three polymer concentrations. An attempt was also made on trying to simulate the stress formation in the shafts during the heat treatment with FEM and also to calculate the residual stresses after the treatment. Results from the measurements were then compared with the FEM calculated results. Since the number of tested shafts is small, results are not statistically relevant. One may conclude, though, that fatigue life increases with increasing cooling rate, i.e. with decreasing polymer concentration. The fatigue life requirement for all tested shafts was fulfilled. The compressive residual stresses for 5% and 10% polymer concentration are of same magnitude and higher than for those quenched with 15% polymer concentration. The result also shows that the cooling rate does not affect the surface hardness, nor the case depth.
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Javaheri, V. (Vahid). "Design, thermomechanical processing and induction hardening of a new medium-carbon steel microalloyed with niobium." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223582.

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Abstract This thesis has been made within the European Industrial Doctorate (EID) project called Mathematics and Materials Science for Steel Production and Manufacturing, abbreviated as MIMESIS, which has five partners: EFD Induction in Norway; SSAB, Outokumpu, and the University of Oulu in Finland; and Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS) in Germany. The main aim of this work was to develop a steel composition and processing route suitable for making a slurry transportation pipeline with the aid of induction hardening, and to characterize the phase transformations and microstructures involved in the various stages of the processing route. A novel steel chemistry was designed based on metallurgical principles assisted by computational thermodynamics and kinetics. The designed composition is a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel microalloyed with niobium, in wt.% 0.40 C, 0.20 Si, 0.25 Mn, 0.50 Mo, 0.90 Cr, and 0.012 Nb. This was subsequently cast, thermomechanically rolled on a laboratory rolling mill to two bainitic microstructures, and finally subjected to the thermal cycles predicted to be encountered with the internal induction hardening of a typical pipe geometry. The phase transformations and microstructures found at various stages of the simulated production process have been characterized and algorithms developed to enable the optimization of microstructure and hardness through the pipe wall thickness
Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja on tehty osana Euroopan teollisuustohtori (European Industrial Doctorate, EID) -ohjelmaa projektissa eli Matematiikka ja materiaalitiede teräksen valmistuksessa ja käytössä (Mathematics and Materials Science for Steel Production and Manufacturing, MIMESIS). Ohjelmassa on viisi partneria: EFD Induction Norjasta; SSAB, Outokumpu ja Oulun yliopisto Suomesta; ja Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS) Saksasta. Työn päätavoitteina oli kehittää teräksen koostumusta ja prosessointireittiä, jotka soveltuvat lietteen kuljetusputken valmistukseen induktiokarkaisun avulla, sekä karakterisoida prosessin eri vaiheiden aikana tapahtuvat faasimuutokset ja mikrorakenteet. Uusi teräskoostumus suunniteltiin metallurgisten periaatteiden pohjalta hyödyntämällä laskennallista termodynamiikkaa ja kinetiikkaa. Suunniteltu teräs on niobilla mikroseostettu, matalaseosteinen ja keskihiilinen, eli painoprosentteina 0,40 C, 0,20 Si, 0,25 Mn, 0,50 Mo, 0,90 Cr ja 0,012 Nb. Teräs valettiin, valssattiin ja jäähdytettiin termomekaanisesti laboratoriovalssaimella kahdeksi bainiittiseksi mikrorakenteeksi ja lopulta altistettiin lämpösykleille, joiden ennustettiin olevan tyypillisiä sisäisesti induktiokarkaistulle teräsputkelle. Simuloidun tuotantoprosessin eri vaiheissa havaitut faasimuutokset ja mikrorakenteet on karakterisoitu. Sen lisäksi on kehitetty algoritmit, jotka mahdollistavat mikrorakenteen ja kovuuden optimoinnin putken seinämän paksuuden läpi
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Le, Moal Patrick. "Fatigue optimization of an induction hardened shaft under combined loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44959.

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An integrated procedure, combining finite element modeling and fatigue analysis methods, is developed and applied to the fatigue optimization of a notched, induction hardened, steel shaft subjected to combined bending and torsional loading. Finite element analysis is used first to develop unit-load factors for generating stress-time histories, and then, employing thermo-elastic techniques, to determine the residual stresses resulting from induction hardening. These stress fields are combined using elastic superposition, and incorporated in a fatigue analysis procedure to predict failure location and lifetime. Through systematic variation of geometry, processing, and loading parameters, performance surfaces are generated from which optimum case depths for maximizing shaft fatigue performance are determined. General implications of such procedures to the product development process are discussed.


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Petzold, Thomas [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Hömberg, and Alfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Modelling, analysis and simulation of multifrequency induction hardening / Thomas Petzold. Gutachter: Dietmar Hömberg ; Alfred Schmidt. Betreuer: Dietmar Hömberg." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066162824/34.

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Pettersson, Natalie. "Investigation of material removal techniques for residual stress profile determination on induction hardened steel." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62618.

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The residual stress profile is a major factor on the fatigue life of components that are subjected to cyclic loading. In order to measure these stresses x-ray diffraction (XRD) is commonly used. The penetration depth of x-rays is limited for this method and thus, it must be combined with material removal to determine in-depth stress profiles.At SKF Manufacturing Development Center (SKF MDC), where the work for this thesis was carried out, the current layer removal method is restricted to a depth of 0.5 mm. Consequently, an additional method of material removal is necessary to obtain information at greater depths. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate possible material removal techniques that can be implemented with XRD measurements. Two different material removal techniques were studied; electrochemical etching and milling in combination with electrochemical etching. The electrochemical etching equipment was developed at SKF MDC prior to this thesis but needed further testing and validation. The residual stress profiles of induction hardened cylinders were studied using the two different removal techniques combined with XRD measurements and the results were compared with stresses measured by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) with hole drilling. In addition, the results were compared with simulations performed at SKF MDC India. It was concluded that both the material removal methods could be successfully combined with XRD measurements. However, for practical reasons the methods should be refined before being implemented on a regular basis. Unfortunately, poor correlation between XRD and ESPI measurements were obtained due to reasons not fully understood.
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Hoseini, Saba. "Experimental simulation of gear hobbing through a face milling concept in CNC-machine." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126804.

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Lind, Fredrik. "Polymerkoncentrationens inverkan på härdresultatet av seghärdningsstål." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65989.

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Ovako Sweden AB i Hällefors har vid seghärdning av stål problem med sprickor. Studier visar på att tillsatser av polymer i kylvattnet ger ett långsammare och jämnare kylförlopp, vilket minskar risken för sprickor. För att fastställa vilken mängd polymer som är lämplig att tillsätta i kylvattnet vid härdning av deras låglegerade segment av seghärdat stål, så har undersökningar utförs på två stålsorter. Skillnaden i härdresultat mellan de olika testade koncentrationsnivåerna var små, men vid högre polymerkoncentration så fördelades hårdheten något jämnare genom hela tvärsnittet.
Ovako Sweden AB have problems with cracks during the process of hardening of steel. Studies show that the additives of polymer in the cooling water gives a slower and more even cooling process, which reduce the risk of crack onset. To decide the amount of polymer that is suitable to put in the cooling water at the hardening of their low-alloy steel segment of quenched and tempered steel, so studies have been conducted on two types of steel. The difference in hardening results between different tested concentration levels were small, but at higher polymer concentration the hardness was distributed slightly more evenly throughout the cross section.
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Books on the topic "Induction hardening"

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Nacke, Bernard, and Egbert Baake. Induction heating: Heating, hardening, annealing, brazing, welding. Essen, Germany: Vulkan-Verlag, 2016.

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Tom, Bell, Cohen J. B. 1932-, Funatani Kiyoshi, Totten George E, ASM International, ASM Heat Treating Society, ASM Heat Treating Society. Conference and Exposition, and Professor Jerome B. Cohen Memorial Symposium on Residual Stresses in the Heat Treatment Industry (2000 : St. Louis, Mo.), eds. Heat treating: Including advances in surface engineering, an international symposium in honor of Professor Tom Bell, and Professor Jerome B. Cohen Memorial Symposium on Residual Stresses in the Heat Treatment Industry : proceedings of the 20th conference, 9-12 October 2000, St. Louis, Missouri. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2000.

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Exposition, ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and. Heat treating and surface engineering: Proceedings of the 22nd Heat Treating Society Conference and the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress : 15-17 September, 2003, Indiana Convention Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2003.

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Iskierka, Sławomir. Analiza numeryczna procesu hartowania indukcyjnego z uwzględnieniem wzajemnych wpływów zjawisk elektromagnetycznysh, termicznych i mechanicznych. Częstochowa: Wydaw. Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 1997.

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Alan, Turza, Chaplin Mike, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. The surface fatigue life of contour induction hardened AISI 1552 gears. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Alan, Turza, Chaplin Mike, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. The surface fatigue life of contour induction hardened AISI 1552 gears. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Armillotta, Maria L. Photoperiodic induction of budset and its effect on hardening-off in Pinus banksiana Lamb. seedlings. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1988.

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Lynn, Ferguson B., ASM Heat Treating Society, and ASM International, eds. Heat treating 2011: Proceedings of the 26th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference : October 31-November 2, 2011, Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2011.

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Exposition, ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and. Heat treating: Including the 1997 International Induction Heat Treating Symposium : proceedings of the 17th Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition and the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium, 15-18 September 1997, Indianapolis, Indiana. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, Heat Treating Society, 1998.

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Exposition, ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and. Heat treating: Proceedings of the 23rd Heat Treating Society Conference, September 25-28, 2005, David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Induction hardening"

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Grum, Janez. "Induction Surface Hardening." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 2444–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_834.

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Hirao, Masahiko, and Hirotsugu Ogi. "Measurement of Induction-Hardening Depth." In EMATs for Science and Industry, 271–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3743-1_13.

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Hirao, Masahiko, and Hirotsugu Ogi. "Measurement of Induction Hardening Depth." In Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers, 271–80. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56036-4_13.

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Liu, Qingzhe, Thomas Petzold, Dawid Nadolski, and Roland Pulch. "Simulation of Thermomechanical Behavior Subjected to Induction Hardening." In Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering, 133–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30399-4_14.

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Grum, J. "Residual Stresses after Induction Surface Hardening and Grinding." In AMST ’99, 763–70. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2508-3_87.

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Hömberg, Dietmar, Thomas Petzold, and Elisabetta Rocca. "Multi-frequency Induction Hardening: A Challenge for Industrial Mathematics." In The Impact of Applications on Mathematics, 257–64. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54907-9_19.

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Barka, N., Philippe Bocher, J. Brousseau, M. Galopin, and S. Sundararajan. "Modeling and Sensitivity Study of the Induction Hardening Process." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement, 525–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.525.

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Miyachika, Kouitsu, Takao Koide, Satoshi Oda, Naoki Motooka, Keiichi Uemoto, Yoshihisa Matsumoto, Chiaki Namba, Hidefumi Mada, and Hajime Tsuboi. "Simulation of Induction Hardening Process of Sintered Metal Shafts." In Solid State Phenomena, 381–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-25-6.381.

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Xu, Dong-hui, and Zhen-Bang Kuang. "Numerical Analysis of Residual Stress due to Surface Induction Hardening." In Computational Mechanics ’95, 1959–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79654-8_326.

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Chen, Bo, Da-peng Wang, Hang-yu Li, Kai Cui, and Bo Jiang. "Investigation on Induction Hardening Treatment of Cylindrical Drive Gear Shaft." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 589–604. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3527-2_50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Induction hardening"

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Stuehr, William I. "Understanding the Induction Hardening Circuit." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0264.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the electrical circuit for induction hardening. This includes the power supply, workstation, and inductor. Step by step procedures are provided using a commercial power supply and workstation as an example. The paper addresses questions such as: What is an inductor? How does the inductor connect to a scanner? How is quenching performed in induction? What is load tuning? How do I load tune an induction circuit? How does the induction power supply work? How do I verify induction hardening results? This paper also provides a brief history of induction hardening and discusses how the development of the technology impacts induction hardening today.
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Midea, Sandra J., and David Lynch. "Induction Hardening Inductors and Process Development." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0197.

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Abstract Although great strides are being made in the simulation of induction patterns, most of today’s inductor design and validation activities are still done through experience and experimentation. This paper provides a brief overview of how an inductor is designed, fabricated, and prepared for integration into manufacturing. Each aspect of its manufacture is critical to deliver a hardening inductor capable of meeting engineering drawing requirements and to be ready for production. The paper covers determination of requirements, inductor design, fabrication and assembly, process development, inductor characterization, metallurgical validation, and delivery of a production-ready inductor. Each step is described, and important considerations for each are presented.
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Rudnev, Valery, William West, Aaron Goodwin, and Steve Fillip. "Breakthrough in Induction Hardening Shafts." In HT 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2015p0141.

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Abstract This presentation reviews selected innovations related to induction hardening of various automotive powertrain transmission and engine components, including but not limited to induction surface hardening of complex geometry shafts. Thanks to several innovative designs (patented and patent pending), important goals were achieved. Process flexibility in shaft scan hardening has been substantially enhanced thanks to a novel inverter design that allows controlling independently frequency and power during scanning. This innovation allows improving quality of induction hardened components maximizing production rate and process flexibility. When applying single-shot hardening for heat treatment of output shafts, flanged shafts, yoke shafts, sun shafts, intermediate shafts, drive shafts and others, coil life is often limited due to a necessity to “squeeze” coil current in a certain area, maximizing power density. This seemingly unavoidable feature of the great majority of single-shot inductors represents a “weak link”, limiting coil life expectancy. Thanks to innovative design (patent-pending) of a single-shot inductor, its life was increased approximately nine times. Process sensitivity has been dramatically reduced. Other benefits include measurable improvement in process robustness, coil reliability and maintainability.
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Midea, Sandra J. "Metallurgical Case Studies of Induction Hardening." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0258.

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Abstract Several case studies are presented illustrating issues that may be encountered when developing induction heat treating processes. The relationship of how induction heat treating parameters affect the metallurgy of production parts is examined in the form of case studies. These include the importance of normalized versus anneal starting microstructure as it relates to the ability of pearlite to transform to martensite within the short induction hardening process window. The influence of a non-uniform microstructure with proeutectoid grain boundary ferrite is discussed as it relates to prior structure. A team approach to balancing design specification with manufacturing cost and sound metallurgical practice is covered for an AISI 1060 steel channel component with complex inductor design. Another case study addresses how evaluating hardness in the as-quenched versus tempered condition can provide additional detail relating to back tempering in tooth by tooth hardened gears. The final example is the influence of frequency of case depth formation for an AISI 4140 cross roller section.
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Faulkner, Chuck. "Aqueous Quenchants for Induction Hardening." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0126.

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Abstract Quenching is a process of cooling a metal at a rapid rate. This is most often done to produce a martensite transformation. In ferrous alloys, this will often product a harder metal, while non-ferrous alloys will usually become softer than normal. Quenching is a very important part of the induction process in order to get the desired hardness of a metal, and improper quenching may lead to a variety of problems. Various type of aqueous quenchants for induction hardening will be reviewed along with the three stages of the quenching process. Basic information on care and maintenance of those quenchants will also be reviewed.
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Ge, Yunwang, Rongqiang Hu, Zongjie Zhang, and Qingtong Shen. "Optimization Control of Induction hardening Process." In 2006 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2006.257783.

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Li, Zhichao (Charlie), Andrew Freborg, and Lynn Ferguson. "Effect of Preheat on Improving Beneficial Surface Residual Stresses During Induction Hardening Process." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8583.

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Applications of the induction hardening process have been gradually increasing in the heat treatment industry due to its energy efficiency, process consistency, and clean environment. Compared to traditional furnace heating and liquid quenching processes, induction hardening is more flexible in terms of process control, and it can offer improved part quality. The commonly modified parameters for the process include the inductor power and frequency, heating time, spray quench delay and quench severity, etc. In this study, a single shot induction hardening process of a cylindrical component made of AISI 4340 is modeled using DANTE®. It is known that the residual stresses in a hardened steel component have a significant effect on high cycle fatigue performance, with higher magnitudes of surface residual compression leading to improved high cycle fatigue life. Induction hardening of steel components produces surface residual compression due to the martensitic transformation of the hardened surface layer, with a high magnitude of compression preferred for improved performance in general. In this paper, a preheat concept is proposed with the induction hardening process for enhanced surface residual compression in the hardened case. Preheating can be implemented using either furnace or low power induction heating, and both processes are modeled using DANTE to demonstrate its effectiveness. With the help of computer modeling, the reasons for the development of residual stresses in an induction hardened part are described, and how the preheat can be used to improve the magnitude of surface residual compression is explained.
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Li, Zhichao (Charlie), and B. Lynn Ferguson. "Induction Hardening Process With Preheat to Eliminate Cracking and Improve Quality of a Large Part With Various Wall Thickness." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2721.

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During an induction hardening process, the electromagnetic field generated by the inductor creates eddy currents that heat a surface layer of the part, followed by spray quenching to convert the austenitized layer to martensite. The critical process parameters include the power and frequency of the inductor, the heating time, the quench delay time, the quench rate, and the quench time, etc. These parameters may significantly affect case depth, hardness, distortion, residual stresses, and cracking possibility. Compared to a traditional hardening process, induction hardening has the advantages of low energy consumption, better process consistency, clean environment, low distortion and formation of beneficial residual stresses. However, the temperature gradient in the part during induction hardening is steep due to the faster heating rate of the surface and the aggressive spray quench rate, which leads to a high phase transformation gradient and high magnitude of internal stresses. Quench cracks and high magnitude of residual stresses are more common in induction hardened parts than those of conventional quench hardening processes. In this study, a scanning induction hardening process of a large part made of AISI 4340 with varying wall thickness is modeled using DANTE. The modeling results have successfully shown the cause of cracking. Based on the modeling results, a preheat method is proposed prior to induction heating to reduce the in-process stresses and eliminate the cracking possibility. This process modification not only reduces the magnitude of the in-process tensile stress, but also converts the surface residual stresses from tension to compression at the critical inner corner of the part, which improves the service life of the part. The modified process has been successfully validated by modeling and implemented in the heat treating plant.
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Munteanu, Daniel, Tibor Bedo, Daniel Cristea, Camelia Gabor, Mihai Alin Pop, Ioan Milosan, and Sorin Ioan Munteanu. "Induction Hardening for Large Bearing Rings—Case Study and Process Optimization." In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0242.

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Abstract Induction quenching can be used for hardening the outer surface of large bearing rings, achieving superior mechanical properties, with the advantage that heating the part in its entirety is not required. The desired goal is to obtain a hardened layer on the active surface of the bearing ring, uniform in both section and circumference, having a predetermined thickness. The case study showed that, after the induction hardening process, on a limited number of specimens, the following problems could be observed: uneven depth of the hardened layer in different zones along the ring circumference, uneven depth of the hardened layer reported in the ring section, and cracks in the bearing material. Therefore, the main objective of the optimization process is to pinpoint the specific parameters involved in the bearing rings quenching operation and their influence on the surface hardening depth. It was noticed that the position and number of insulating/concentrator plates in the inductor stack influences the surface hardening depth on the rolling path.
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Rot, David, Jakub Jirinec, Jiri Kozeny, Antonin Podhrazky, Jiri Hajek, and Stanislav Jirinec. "Induction system for hardening of small parts." In 2018 19th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2018.8396006.

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Reports on the topic "Induction hardening"

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Author, Not Given. Intelligent systems for induction hardening processes. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129834.

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Author, Not Given. Intelligent systems for induction hardening processes (24 month report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129752.

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Kelley, J. B., and R. D. Skocypec. Control technology for surface treatment of materials using induction hardening. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/494129.

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Aquil Ahmad. Prototyping Energy Efficient Thermo-Magnetic & Induction Hardening for Heat Treat & Net Shape Forming Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047536.

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Ludtka, Gail, D. Nicholson, and A. Ahmad. Prototyping Energy Efficient Thermo-Magnetic and Induction Hardening for Heat Treat and Net Shape Forming Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036019.

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