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Books on the topic 'Induction of anesthesia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Sabbe, Bryan M. General Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199398348.003.0023.

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This chapter covers various aspects of Pediatric General Anesthesia. Within this chapter topics covered include techniques for achieving induction of general anesthesia, along with limitations and potential complications of each. Also discussed is how to manage the pediatric airway, including mask ventilation, supraglottic airway devices, and endotracheal intubation, in addition to handling both expected and unexpected pediatric difficult airways. This includes assessment and airway management of several congenital craniofacial syndromes, and the means of achieving single-lung ventilation and

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2

Gloff, Marjorie, Melissa Kreso, and Richard Wissler. Neurologic Complications in Obstetric Anesthesia. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0033.

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Neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia is routinely requested for women in the peripartum and postpartum period. Given that there is widespread knowledge of the benefits of obstetricians, mainstream media, and word-of-mouth communication, many patients expect to receive some form of neuaxial anesthesia during their peripartum experience. Neuraxial anesthesia can provide both pain relief during induction and labor and can provide surgical anesthesia for a variety of surgical procedures in the peripartum and postpartum period. While generally considered safe, neuraxial anesthesia is not without risk

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3

Hagerman, Nancy S., and Anna M. Varughese. Preoperative Anxiety Management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0001.

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Up to 65% of pediatric patients experience anxiety and fear in the preoperative period, especially during anesthesia induction. Reasons for this anxiety include the child's perception of the threat of pain, being separated from parents, a strange environment, and losing control. Anxiety and poor behavioral compliance associated with inhalation inductions have been related to adverse outcomes including emergence delirium and maladaptive postoperative behaviors such as general and separation anxiety, eating difficulties, and sleep disturbances. Fortunately, there are behavioral and pharmacologic

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4

Nizamuddin, Sarah, and Caitlin Aveyard. Airway Foreign Body Aspiration. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0024.

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Aspiration of a foreign body is a potentially life-threatening problem that often necessitates an anesthetic for removal of the foreign body. Foreign body aspiration is most common among children aged 1 to 4 years old and has a wide variety of symptoms ranging from a mild, nagging cough to complete airway obstruction. Definitive diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration involve flexible or rigid bronchoscopy. The urgency of the procedure depends on the type of object aspirated and the location of the foreign body in the airway. The appropriate anesthetic for removal of the foreign bod

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5

Isserman, Rebecca S., and Justin L. Lockman. Intracranial Tumor. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0026.

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Intracranial tumors are the most common solid malignancy in pediatrics, with the majority found in the posterior fossa. In these patients, presenting symptoms and signs are frequently related to intracranial hypertension due to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. Specific cranial nerve palsies and ataxia may also be presenting signs, with or without intracranial hypertension. The anesthesia for surgical resection is nuanced by management of intracranial hypertension, the potential for hemodynamic instability, and postoperative complications resulting from damage to critical brainstem stru

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6

Trifa, Mehdi, and Candice Burrier. Anesthetic Management of Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Children. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0052.

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The management of children presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass (AMM) is challenging for anesthesiologists. AMMs are a heterogeneous collection of primary or secondary, benign or malignant tumors. Severe and life-threatening complications related to airway obstruction and/or cardiovascular compression can occur in a patient with an AMM during anesthesia, even in an asymptomatic patient. It is important for the anesthesia provider to understand the pathophysiology of symptoms and complications and the current evidence regarding perioperative management of children with AMM. This chapter

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7

Clavijo, Claudia F., and Efrain Riveros-Perez. Fundamentals of Anesthetic Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885885.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the anesthesia process which can be divided into phases, from the preoperative assessment to induction, maintenance, emergence and finally to discharge. Throughout the whole process, patient safety is of paramount importance. This chapter focuses on safety measures such as surgical time-out, use of checklists, and prevention of intraoperative awareness. Fluid management, and intraoperative complications such as hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and hypotension and hypertension are also discussed. The chapter discusses specific circumstances regarding anesthesia interve

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8

Trzcinka, Agnieszka. Aspiration Pneumonitis. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0016.

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Aspiration pneumonitis during the perioperative period is a serious complication and involves passage of sterile gastric contents into the airway resulting in alveolar damage. The mechanism of aspiration pneumonitis is characterized by a significant inflammatory reaction. The risk of aspiration is highest during anesthesia induction, but it is also present during emergence and extubation. The risk factors include delayed gastric emptying (gastritis, pain, pregnancy, obesity, elevated intracranial pressure), emergency surgery, upper abdominal surgery, and difficulty securing the airway. Anesthe

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9

Tomasson, Jon, Mohamed A. Mahmoud, and James P. Spaeth. Mediastinal Mass Biopsy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0044.

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It has been long recognized that patients with anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs) have a significantly increased risk of adverse perioperative events. Even asymptomatic patients or those with mild clinical symptoms are at risk for cardiopulmonary collapse and even death with induction of anesthesia, thus highlighting the need for careful preoperative evaluation and decision making.

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10

Whaley, Natalie S., and Adam Evans. Pregnancy Safety and Termination. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0002.

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Access to compassionate, nonjudgmental, and safe abortion care for medically complex women is an important component of obstetric care for high-risk women. The care of women with neurologic disease who seek pregnancy termination or management of pregnancy failure includes consideration of their particular medical, anesthesia, and surgical needs. Counseling regarding pregnancy options is an important first step in helping women achieve their family planning goals. Understanding the safety of abortion, as well as options for medical, surgical, or labor induction termination can help providers di

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11

Moore, Michael R., and Ehab Farag. Unstable Cervical Spine and Airway Management. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0012.

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In patients with cervical myelopathy, the spinal cord is already compromised to a point at which there is little reserve for surgical maneuvers and the slightest adverse action can result in dramatic consequences. Awake fiberoptic intubation and neurological assessment before induction of anesthesia could be the safest way to avoid waking up the patient before proceeding with surgery in the case of absent motor evoke potentials (MEPs) in spite of increasing the stimulating voltage together with increasing the rate of stimulating pulses. Hypotension is an additional factor, which may lead to ir

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12

Hagerman, Nancy, and Eric Wittkugel. Preoperative Fasting in the Pediatric Patient. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0006.

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Preoperative fasting guidelines are designed to reduce the volume of gastric contents and to minimize the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration in children is uncommon, with an incidence of between 1 and 10 per 10,000 anesthetics. It is associated with low morbidity and mortality. While fasting is important, it does not guarantee an empty stomach. Prolonged fasting in infants and children does not further reduce gastric volumes or increase safety but can be associated with unwanted effects such as irritability, parental dissatisfaction, hypoglycem

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13

Lin, Michael, and Erin S. Williams. Open Globe Repair. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0030.

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Penetrating eye injury in the pediatric patient is an emergency that requires careful management by the anesthesiologist to prevent further eye damage by the potential extrusion of vitreous fluid. Additionally, since these injuries are due to trauma, the patients typically are not adequately fasted for surgery. Thus prevention of aspiration of gastric contents must also be considered during the perioperative management of the child with an open globe injury. Depending on the risk of aspiration, the anesthesiologist must determine whether to use succinylcholine, a nondepoloarizing muscle relaxa

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14

Saadat, Haleh, and Zeev N. Kain. Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient for Surgery. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0057.

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Each year, about six million children undergo surgical procedures in the United States. More than 80% of all pediatric procedures in the United States are on an outpatient basis without hospital preoperative or postoperative admission. More than 60% of these children manifest emotional distress prior to the procedures and at the induction of anesthesia. The intense distress may lead to negative postoperative physiological and psychological outcomes in children and affect parental satisfaction. Preoperative stress can also exaggerate negative memories, which can exaggerate distress at subsequen

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15

Frequency of Use and Cost of Selected Anesthetic Induction and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. Storming Media, 1997.

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16

Ross, Lisa. Electroconvulsive Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0029.

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The anesthetic management of patients who receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for various psychiatric conditions in both the inpatient and the outpatient settings must take into account a number factors, such as its associated physiologic responses, existing comorbidities, medication management, monitoring, complications, and contraindications in order for it to remain a safe procedure. This chapter reviews the indications for ECT, the preprocedure anesthetic evaluation; theories regarding the therapeutic mechanism of action leading to the efficacy of ECT; cerebrovascular, cardiovascular,

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17

Sabbagh, Michel, and John J. Freely Jr. Epiglottitis, Croup, and Stridor. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0078.

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Stridor is a high-pitched sound representing partially obstructed or turbulent flow in the airway. Stridor can be part of the inspiratory or expiratory phase, depending on the origin of the flow disturbance. This chapter reviews the etiology of stridor and its subtypes. It also focuses on two important pediatric disease states where stridor is a defining characteristic: epiglottitis and croup. Epiglottitis has emerged as an uncommon cause of pediatric airway compromise, with the widespread use of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccination. Croup continues to be a significant cause of stridor, an

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18

Traul, David E., and Rachel Diehl. Supratentorial Tumors. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0001.

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Surgical resection of supratentorial brain tumors presents a unique set of challenges to the anesthesiologist. While symptoms from these lesions vary in presentation, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is frequently part of the constellation and an important piece of anesthetic management. Along with maintenance of ICP, the goals of induction, maintenance, and emergence from these resections are to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate and optimize neuroprotection. There is no single technique that is agreed upon in literature to encompass these goals, however a com

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