Journal articles: 'Inductive effect'

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Rich, Ronald L. "Inductive effect." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 6 (1991): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068p534.4.

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Zhang, Xiuren, David G. Himelrick, Floyd M. Woods, and Robert C. Ebel. "Effect of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Pretreatment Growing Condition on Floral Induction in Spring-bearing Strawberry." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 556B—556a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.556b.

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`Chandler' strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa Duch.) were greenhouse grown under natural lighting and then placed into growth chambers at two constant temperatures of 16 and 26 °C and 2 daylengths of 9 h (SD) and 9-h photoperiod (NI) which was night interrupted with 3 hours of incandescent radiation at 30-45 μmol·s-1·m-2 PAR. Plants were given different numbers of inductive cycles in growth chambers and then moved to the greenhouse. Flowering and growth were monitored. Flowering was completely inhibited at 26 °C, regardless of pretreatment growing conditions such as pot sizes and plant ages, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. At 16 °C, SD promoted floral induction compared to NI under all inductive cycles except a 7-day induction. The minimum number of inductive cycles required at 16 °C for floral induction was dependent on photoperiod and prior greenhouse treatment. Flowering rate was also affected by greenhouse treatment, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. Runner production was affected by photoperiod and temperature × inductive cycle.

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Pytela, Oldřich, and Aleš Halama. "Chemometric Analysis of Substituent Effects. VII. Inductive Effect as a Basic Substituent Effect. Isoeffect Substituent Constant." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 8 (1995): 1316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951316.

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The paper deals with chemometric analysis of the inductive effect. The notion of inductive effect is discussed, and unambiguous definitions are given for the notions of triad: reaction centre-basic skeleton-substituent, and the therewith connected definitions of inductive effect. For a quantitative description of inductive effect 7 types of chemical models were selected including noncyclic compounds, cyclic, and bicyclic compounds, derivatives of quinuclidine, 3-substituted benzoic acids, sulfonamides and pyridines. Altogether 139 sets of experimental data from literature have been used including altogether 1 294 points (9.3 points per set, 5 points at least) reflecting substituent effects of 34 substituents. It has been found that for a standard model the dissociation of substituted bicycloalkanecarboxylic acids only is satisfactory, all the other models reflecting also the mesomeric effects to variable extent (up to 10%). A distinctly different substitution behaviour was observed with 19F and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 4-substituted 1-fluoro- or 1-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. The earlier suggested model of substituent effects based on different way of transmission of substituent effects (3 classes) has been used for separating the inductive and mesomeric effects: it is mathematically presented as a set of straight lines with the intersection point at the so-called isoeffect substituent constant. Using the modified method of conjugated deviations a chemometric scale has been created for the inductive effect which agrees very well with the conventional scales given in literature; the only differences were observed for F and CH=O substituents (which are overestimated and underestimated, respectively, in literature). In the context given the inductive effect appears as a fundamental quantity forming a basis for quantitative description of other effects transferred by electrons.

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ElGibreen, Hebah, and Mehmet Sabih Aksoy. "Inductive Learning for Continuous Classes and the Effect of RULES Family." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 5, no. 8 (2015): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2015.v5.569.

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Davidson*, Victoria L., Dean A. Kopsell, and James E. Pollard. "The Effect of Interrupting Short Day Cycles with Day-length Extension on Floral Bud Initiation in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa)." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 849C—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.849c.

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Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effect on floral bud initiation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa, cv. Chandler) by interrupting inductive short day cycles with a day-length extension treatment. Vegetative plants were exposed to 10-, 15-, or 20-day cycles of inductive short days in growth chambers. After receiving an inductive short day treatment plants were transferred to a greenhouse where they were exposed to non-inductive long days, which stimulated panicle elongation. Dissections of apical meristems immediately following each cycle of short days revealed that cycles of 20 days resulted in detectable floral bud formation. After 15 days in the greenhouse, all short day treatments had initiated floral buds. In the greenhouse, under long days, subsequent flowering in cohorts of plants which had previously received inductive short days showed a positive correlation between interruption of short days with day length extension and reduction in the number of floral buds initiated on earliest emerging panicles. These results suggest potential for manipulation of floral bud induction and potentially fruit size in Chandler, and perhaps other cultivars by interruption of a cycle of inductive short days with a day length extension treatment.

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Mohri, K., T. Kohsawa, K. Kawashima, H. Yoshida, and L. V. Panina. "Magneto-inductive effect (MI effect) in amorphous wires." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 28, no. 5 (1992): 3150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.179741.

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Sinaga, Nurul Afni, Fitri Ayu Ningtiyas, Rifaatul Mahmuzah, Yulia Zahara, and Islami Fatwa. "The Effect of Deductive-Inductive Learning Approach on Creative Thinking Ability and Learning Motivation." PARADIKMA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA 16, no. 2 (2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/paradikma.v16i2.46952.

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Mathematics learning can impact the development of one's mindset in the learning environment. This process is obtained through teacher innovation which provides learning with various methods and approaches that align with what will be taught. Inductive-deductive is an approach that can help students' creative thinking processes and increase learning motivation. For this reason, this study wanted to see how effective and influential this approach is on the ability to think creatively and motivation to learn. The method used is a significant test using one sample t-test and one paired sample t-test. The results obtained are tcount values of 2.09 and 10.66 for the inductive-deductive class and -0.848 and -0.94 for the conventional class where the ttable value is 1.684. Whereas to see the effect of the approach obtained values of 6.149 and 6.344 with a ttable of 1.960. The value that is greater than the ttable states that the class is effective and has influence, so it can be concluded that the inductive-deductive approach is effective for critical thinking skills and learning motivation, while conventional classes are not used effectively. The inductive-deductive approach also influences students' creative thinking abilities and learning motivation.

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Bowden, K. "The electrostatic field-inductive effect controversy." Journal de Chimie Physique 89 (1992): 1647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1992891647.

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Rissing, L. H., S. A. Zielke, and H. H. Gatzen. "Inductive microtransformer exploiting the magnetoelastic effect." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 34, no. 4 (1998): 1378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.706554.

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10

Clark, W. R., and C. H. Champness. "Anomalous inductive effect in Schottky junctions." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 3-4 (1991): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-052.

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It has been known for some time in pn junctions and Schottky junctions that inductance can arise at low frequency in high-level injection owing to conductivity modulation and the transit time of injected carriers. Several observations of this type of inductive behaviour have been reported. In the present work, an inductive effect was observed in forward-biased selenium–thallium contacts at frequencies generally below 1 kHz. The effect was found to vary with storage time and may arise from the formation of semiconducting TISe between the selenium and the thallium.

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Exner, O., M. Charton, and V. Galkin. "The inductive effect - the present position." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 12, no. 4 (1999): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199904)12:4<289::aid-poc127>3.0.co;2-1.

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Yuan, Ye, Zhong Kai Yang, and Qing Fu Li. "End Effect Processing for Empirical Mode Decomposition Using Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.407.

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This paper focuses on the end effect problem of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm, which results in a serious distortion in the EMD sifting process. A new method based on fuzzy inductive reasoning (FIR) is proposed to overcome the end effect. Fuzzy inductive reasoning method has simple inferring rules and strong predictive capability. The fuzzy inductive reasoning based method uses the sequence near the end as the input signal of fuzzy inductive reasoning model. This predictive value can be obtained after fuzzification, qualitative modeling ,qualitative simulation and debluring. The simulation results have shown that the fuzzy inductive reasoning based method has equivalent performance to the neural network based method.

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13

Kumagai, Tadashi. "Suppressive effect of preirradiation with blue light on near ultraviolet light induced conidiation in Alternaria tomato." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (1986): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-117.

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Conidiophore formation in Alternaria tomato (Cke.) Weber (ATCC 38852) was induced by irradiation with near ultraviolet light, and conidia formed in subsequent darkness. However, blue light applied before the inductive near ultraviolet radiation suppressed the induction. Preirradiation with blue light just before the inductive near ultraviolet radiation was most suppressive. An action spectrum for this suppression showed a peak around 447 nm, with a shoulder between 400 and 440 nm, a minor peak around 478 nm in the blue region, and another near 385 nm in the near ultraviolet region. This action spectrum is very similar to the ubiquitous blue light response (cryptochrome).

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14

Czaplewska, Joanna, and Jan Kopcewicz. "The effect of photoperiodic treatments on mitotic activity in Pharbitic nil Chois." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 60, no. 1-2 (2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/1201.

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The short-day plant, Pharbitis nil, requires only a single inductive cycle with a 16-hour dark period for flowering. The mitotic activity in the shoot apices was studied directly after the termination of the inductive photoperiod. A pronounced rise in the mitotic index was found in the 2nd and the 8th-14th hours. Control plants grown under noninductive conditions (continuous light, a light interruption in the middle of the dark period) did not flower and did not show an increased mitotic index. The increased mitotic activity in the shoot apices of Pharbitis seems to be causally connected with the phytochrome-controlled entry of the plants into the state of generative induction.

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Wang, Tao, Bicong Wang, Yuyi Chen, and Yufeng Luo. "A Rotation-Speed Measurement System Based on Magneto-Inductive Effect." Sensor Letters 18, no. 4 (2020): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4219.

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There are few reports on high rotational speed measurement of brushless direct current (DC) motors based on giant magneto-inductive effect. In this study, a rotational speed measurement system based on giant magneto-inductive effect is established for measuring the rotational speeds of DC motors. Successive sawtooth waves are found when rotating shaft is close to the GMI sensor. Through using the magneto-inductive sensing system, different high rotational speeds (1500∼24000 r/min) of the motor are accurately measured. Therefore, this giant magneto-inductive sensor may be used for high rotational speed measurement of motors.

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Aliferov, Aleksander, Sergio Lupi, Aleksandr Meleshko, and Sergey Rad'ko. "Electrical Parameters of Induction System for Internal Cylindrical Surfaces being Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.453.

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In the article the combined influence of surface effect, proximity effect, ring effect and slot effect on active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor, placed inside the hollow cylindrical workpiece, are investigated. It had been shown that the combined influence of these effects forms a distribution of current over cross-section of the inductor tube. That current determines the values of active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor. There had been presented dependencies of relative coefficients of active and self-inductive resistances of the inductor and relative geometrical parameters of the system "inductor – hollow finite-sized workpiece", the gap between the inductor and the workpiece, and specific resistance of heated nonmagnetic workpiece in presence and absence of internal magnetic core.

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17

Apostolidis, Panos, Xueyan Liu, Cor Kasbergen, A. Tom Scarpas, and Martinus van de Ven. "Toward the Design of an Induction Heating System for Asphalt Pavements with the Finite Element Method." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2633, no. 1 (2017): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2633-16.

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Induction technology was introduced to the paving industry to assist pavement operations by heating asphalt layers efficiently from the surface. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of inductive particles on the heating efficiency of asphalt mixes. However, research is limited on the quantification of design, the operational factors, and the associated degree of heat generation of induction treatment. This study assessed the hypothesis that different systems of induction coils provoke different levels of heat generation within an inductive asphalt layer. First, a three-dimensional induction heating finite element model was developed to evaluate the design and effect of operational factors for a static single-turn induction coil system. The electrical conductivity values of the material in the inductive asphalt pavement were calibrated with a laboratory-scale induction device. Moving induction systems were analyzed with different operational conditions considered. The supplied power and the traveling speed of the induction system appeared to be the most influential operational factors for the development of a quick and highly efficient system. The developed model creates an opportunity to apply these analyses to asphalt pavements to optimize the technology in situ.

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Ehigie, Adeola F., Olajumoke O. Nwaechefu, Godswill N. Anyasor, Faith S. Oyelere, Tosin S. Sangodipe, and Leonard O. Ehigie. "Comparative Study of the Effects of Different Fractions of Ficus Exasperata Vahl on Rat Hepatic Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Transition Pore." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 12, no. 3 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v12.n3.p1.

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A number of phytochemicals have been established as potent inducers of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore, a transient structure formed in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). There is however no information on the effect of Ficus exasperata (F. exasperata) a popular medicinal plant, on this pore, necessitating this investigation. The in vitro effects of varying concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000µg/ml) of the methanol, n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions of leaf and stem of F. exasperata on MMPT pore opening in experimental rat liver were assessed. Opening of MMPT pore was spectrophotometrically assayed under succinate-energized condition using a modified method of Lapidus and Sokolove, 1993[34]. The results obtained for the Stem Methanol Fraction (SMF) and Leaf Methanol Fraction (LMF) show significant (P&lt; 0.05) increases in the extents to which MMPT pore opening was induced at all concentrations compared with the control group, with the highest induction observed at 400µg/ml and the least seen at 1000µg/ml. The inductive effects of Leaf n-hexane Fraction (LHF) and Stem n-hexane Fraction (SHF) increased as concentration increased such that the highest induction observed in LHF and SHF were 2.80 and 2.28 fold increases respectively. Leaf Ethylacetate Fraction (LEF) and Stem Ethylacetate Fraction (SEF) of F. exasperata also show a concentration-dependent effect such that the inductive effect decreased as concentration increased i.e. at 200µg/ml of LEF and SEF, 3.97 and 4.25-fold increases were achieved respectively while the least folds in induction were observed at 1000µg/ml for both at 2.0-fold and 1.97-fold respectively. Taken together, all tested fractions of F. exasperata have significant P &lt; 0.05 inductive effect on the MMPT pore opening at all tested concentrations, the most potent fraction being the SEF. We thus conclude that F. exasperata is an effective inducer of the MMPT pore, albeit, different fractions derived from different parts vary in their potency. Also, F. exasperata could find a great use in the treatment of ailments dependent on the induction of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening.

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Kulikowska-Gulewska, Halina, Elżbieta Galoch, and Jan Kopcewicz. "ABA in photoperiodic induction of Pharbitis nil." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 67, no. 1 (2014): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1998.007.

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The endogenous content of ABA in the cotyledons of Pharbitis nil is high during the light phase before an inductive 16-h-long dark period. During the night, however, at the beginning, the level of ABA is relatively low with the tendency to increase during the second half of an inductive dark period. The dual effect of exogenous ABA on the Pharbitis nil flowering has been observed. ABA applied to the cotyledons on subthreshold photoperiod (12-h-long night) stimulates flower bud formation. On the other hand, however, ABA applied during an inductive (16-h-long) dark period, as well as applied to the medium of cultured plantlets, inhibits flowering. Thus, the flowering effect of ABA is clearly dependent on the state of flower induction which is different in plants growing on various photoperiods.

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Mohapatra, Jeotikanta, Meiying Xing, and J. Ping Liu. "Inductive Thermal Effect of Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193208.

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Localized heat induction using magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field is an emerging technology applied in areas including, cancer treatment, thermally activated drug release and remote activation of cell functions. To enhance the induction heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles, the intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic parameters influencing the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles should be effectively engineered. This review covers the recent progress in the optimization of magnetic properties of spinel ferrite nanoparticles for efficient heat induction. The key materials factors for efficient magnetic heating including size, shape, composition, inter/intra particle interactions are systematically discussed, from the growth mechanism, process control to chemical and magnetic properties manipulation.

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Hansen, Roseanne, and Moshe Oren. "p53; from inductive signal to cellular effect." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 7, no. 1 (1997): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80108-6.

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Champness, C. H., and W. R. Clark. "Anomalous inductive effect in selenium Schottky diodes." Applied Physics Letters 56, no. 12 (1990): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102581.

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Tao, Chen, Liu Zhenxing, and W. Heikkila. "Special Effect of Parallel Inductive Electric Field." Chinese Physics Letters 19, no. 6 (2002): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/19/6/341.

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Champness, C. H., and W. R. Clark. "Anomalous inductive effect in Se-metal contacts." Applied Surface Science 48-49 (January 1991): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(91)90354-m.

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Exner, Otto. "The inductive effect: theory and quantitative assessment." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 12, no. 4 (1999): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199904)12:4<265::aid-poc124>3.0.co;2-o.

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Yamagami, C., N. Takao, and Y. Takeuchi. "Effects of Substituents on the Barriers to Rotation in Phenyl and Benzyl Carbamates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 3 (1986): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860457.

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The free energy of activation for rotation about the C-N bond (ΔG‡Tc) in substituted phenyl and benzyl N,N- dimethylcarbamates was determined by the 13C dynamic n.m.r. method. The ΔG‡Tc value depended linearly on Hammett's σ with positive p. We have separated the substituent effects into inductive and resonance effects by using dual substituent parameter ( d.s.p .) analysis, and found that the resonance effect is more important than the inductive effect for para derivatives, and vice versa for meta derivatives. General trends of electronic substituent effects on barriers to rotation in carbamates and structurally related amides are also discussed. The ortho steric effect was small.

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Dustova, Umida Amritdinovna. "INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE GRAMMAR TEACHING." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE 2, no. 12 (2022): 247–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7349586.

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This article contains information about investigation of effectiveness of teaching English by using deductive and inductive approaches of teaching grammar. The investigation also attempts to see which of these two methods has a positive effect on the grammar academic achievement of the higher education, so it answers to the following questions: What are inductive and deductive approaches of teaching grammar? What advantages and disadvantages they have got? What is the effect of inductive method on grammar achievement compared to deductive method at secondary school? · What is the effect of inductive method on grammar achievement compared to deductive method at secondary school? To answer the questions of the study, the researcher has made research based on inductive and deductive methods for each level based on its syllabus.

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Bradley, Wray E. "Ability and Performance on Ill-Structured Problems: The Substitution Effect of Inductive Reasoning Ability." Behavioral Research in Accounting 21, no. 1 (2009): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2009.21.1.19.

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ABSTRACT: Some cognitive abilities may act as partial substitutes for experience. These abilities have the potential to enhance the performance of inexperienced professionals by helping them synthesize and make better use of limited domain or task-specific experience. This study investigates the substitution effect of inductive reasoning ability. An experiment required 130 practicing business valuation professionals (91 are CPAs) to solve an ill-structured business valuation case. The results of the experiment show that the worst performance came from inexperienced professionals who had low inductive reasoning ability. However, the performance of inexperienced professionals with high inductive reasoning ability was similar to the performance of more experienced professionals. This suggests that high inductive reasoning ability acted as a partial substitute for experience. The practical importance of this substitution effect is that training in inductive reasoning has the potential to increase the performance of inexperienced accounting professionals who encounter ill-structured problems or tasks. Accounting students would also benefit from training in inductive reasoning. Suggested future research is discussed.

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Shahzad, Shumaila, Syeda Samina Tahira, and Shamaiela Mehboob Farooqi. "Effect of Inductive Grammar Instruction on The Achievement of Elementary School Students." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (2020): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).21.

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Key objectives of the study are to (1) determine the effectiveness of the inductive method in augmenting the students achievement in English grammar and (2) compare the perceptions of students in the experimental group (whom intervention of inductive method was given) and control group (who were taught through traditional, i.e. deductive process) regarding teaching methods used for them. Following quasi-experimental design termed as a pretest, post-test control group, two sections of class 8th with 30 students constituted the sample. A 53 items achievement test was used for pre and post-test. The experimental group was exposed to an intervention of teaching tenses through inductive method for 34 days. Meanwhile, the deductive method was used for the control group. Lastly, a 16 items questionnaire was employed to figure out students perceptions. Findings of the intervention study substantiated the usefulness of the inductive method for teaching English grammar. The descriptive study exposed the inductive method as more effective, enjoyable, motivating, exciting and interactive.

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Stutte, G. W., N. C. Yorio, C. L. Mackowiak, and R. M. Wheeler. "Effect of Elevated Root-zone Temperature on Tuber Initiation in Potato cv. Norland." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 529D—529. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.529d.

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This experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that tuber formation in potato is inhibited by short-term increases in root-zone temperature. Micro-propagated potato cv. Norland plantlets were grown in recirculating nutrient film culture under daylight fluorescent lamps at 350 μmol·m–2·s–1 PPF with at 20/16°C thermocycle at 1200 μmol·mol–1 CO2 under inductive (12-hr light/12-hr dark) or non-inductive (12-hr light/12-hr dark with a 15-min light break 6 hr into the cycle) photoperiods for 42 days. Root-zone treatments consisted of continuous 18°C, continuous 24°C, 18°C with a 24°C cycle between 14 and 21 DAP (prior to tuber initiation), and 18°C with a 24°C cycle between 21 and 28 DAP (during the period of tuber initiation). The root-zone temperature was maintained with a recirculating, temperature-controlled, heat-exchange coil submerged in each nutrient solution. Warm root-zone temperatures did not inhibit tuber formation under an inductive photoperiod. The non-inductive photoperiod resulted in a 65% reduction in tuber biomass compared to the inductive photoperiod. Continuous 24°C and exposure to 24°C prior to tuber initiation reduced tuber formation an additional 40% under the non-inductive photoperiod. Both continuous and transient 24°C root-zone temperatures increased biomass partitioning to root/stolons compared to the 18°C treatment under both photoperiods. Total plant biomass was highest in plants exposed to continuous 24°C under both photoperiods. Results suggest that transient episodes of warm (24°C) root-zone temperature do not inhibit tuber formation in potato under inductive photoperiods. However, transient episodes of warm (24°C) root-zone temperatures did interact with stage of development under the non-inductive photoperiod.

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Eggbauer Vieweg, Annika, Gerald Ressel, Peter Raninger, Petri Prevedel, Stefan Marsoner, and Reinhold Ebner. "Comparing fast inductive tempering and conventional tempering: Effects on microstructure and mechanical properties." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 4 (2018): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018015.

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Induction heating processes are of rising interest within the heat treating industry. Using inductive tempering, a lot of production time can be saved compared to a conventional tempering treatment. However, it is not completely understood how fast inductive processes influence the quenched and tempered microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to highlight differences between inductive and conventional tempering processes and to suggest a possible processing route which results in optimized microstructures, as well as desirable mechanical properties. Therefore, the present work evaluates the influencing factors of high heating rates to tempering temperatures on the microstructure as well as hardness and Charpy impact energy. To this end, after quenching a 50CrMo4 steel three different induction tempering processes are carried out and the resulting properties are subsequently compared to a conventional tempering process. The results indicate that notch impact energy raises with increasing heating rates to tempering when realizing the same hardness of the samples. The positive effect of high heating rate on toughness is traced back to smaller carbide sizes, as well as smaller carbide spacing and more uniform carbide distribution over the sample.

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AbuSeileek, Ali Farhan. "The effect of using an online-based course on the learning of grammar inductively and deductively." ReCALL 21, no. 3 (2009): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095834400999005x.

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AbstractThis study aims at exploring the effectiveness of using an online-based course on the learning of sentence types inductively and deductively. To achieve this purpose, a computer-mediated course was designed. The sample of the study consists of four groups taught under four treatments of grammar: (1) with computer-based learning inductively, (2) with computer-based learning deductively, (3) with non-computer-based learning inductively, and (4) with non-computer-based learning deductively. A pre-test/post-test design (between-subject) is used to investigate the effect of two factors: method (computer-based learning vs. non-computer-based learning) and technique (induction vs. deduction) on the students’ learning of sentence types. The results reveal a new manner of enhancing grammar learning based on the level of language structure complexity. The computer-based learning method is found to be functional for more complex and elaborate structures, like the complex sentence and compound complex sentence, and more complicated grammar structures need to be taught by means of the deductive technique. None of the inductive and deductive techniques is reported to be more practical with simple grammar structures such as the simple sentence and compound sentence.

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Chen, Mia Huimin, Shelly Xueting Ye, Jingxin He, and Don Dong Yao. "The Effect of Pragmatic Instruction on Developing Learners’ Use of Request Modifiers in the EFL Context." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p74.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of three teaching approaches: a deductive teaching approach, an inductive teaching approach, and an inductive-deductive teaching approach on facilitating Chinese EFL learners’ use of request modifiers. Written discourse completion tasks were employed to collect learners’ request data and a follow-up interview reported Chinese EFL learners’ overall positive attitudes towards pragmatic instruction with a preference for the deductive approach. The findings presented the necessity for instructions of request in EFL contexts and reveal the superiority of the inductive-deductive teaching approach on pragmatic knowledge. Combing the results of the experiment with learners’ perceptions, it indicates that practitioners should consider incorporating both deductive and inductive instructions to fit learners’ preferences of instructional styles and learning needs. Besides, in terms of learners’ pragmatic competence, such a teaching approach would also guarantee the treatment effect in both short and long runs.

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Rauf, Abdul, Shahbaz Hamid, and Wajid Ali Khan. "Effect of Inductive and Deductive Teaching on Learning English Grammar for Undergraduate Students." Journal of Education and Educational Development 10, no. 2 (2023): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v10i2.836.

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Grammar teaching and learning is an important component to get mastery over any language. English language is being taught as first, second or foreign language in many countries. Consider whether inductive or deductive teaching is more effective for learning English grammar as a second language is a topic for contemplation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of inductive and deductive teaching for learning English grammar at undergraduate level. An experimental study was carried out through pre-test post-test control group design. Eighty male undergraduate Urdu speaking students were divided into two equal groups randomly. Group A was taught English grammar – tenses and modal verbs through inductive teaching and group B through deductive teaching method. Pre-test and post-test scores of both groups revealed that group A performed better than group B in learning English grammar – tenses and modal verbs. It reveals that inductive teaching for learning English grammar – tenses and modal verbs at undergraduate level is more effective than deductive teaching. Inductive teaching is recommended for teaching English grammar at undergraduate level.

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Prasad, Karothu Durga, Suryanarayan Cherukuvada, L. Devaraj Stephen, and Tayur N. Guru Row. "Effect of inductive effect on the formation of cocrystals and eutectics." CrystEngComm 16, no. 42 (2014): 9930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01489h.

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The combination of the antiprotozoal drug ornidazole with benzoic acid and its structural analogues resulted in cocrystals and eutectics of the drug based on the induction strength complementarity between participant hydrogen bond donor–acceptor groups.

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Nummert, Vilve, and Mare Piirsalu. "Separation of ortho Inductive, Resonance and Steric Terms in Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Benzoates and Phenyl Tosylates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 12 (2002): 1833–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20021833.

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The second-order rate constants k2 (l mol-1 s-1) for the alkaline hydrolysis of meta-, para- and ortho-substituted phenyl benzoates C6H5CO2C6H4-X and phenyl tosylates 4-CH3-C6H4SO2OC6H4-X in aqueous 5.3 M NaClO4 have been measured spectrophotometrically at various temperatures. The log k values at a single temperature were analysed according to the equations log km,p = log k0 + (ρ)°m,pσ°, log kortho = log k0+ (ρI)orthoσI + (ρR)orthoσR° + δorthoυ and log km,p,ortho = log k0+ (ρI)orthoσI + (ρI)metaσI + (ρI)paraσI + (ρR)orthoσR° + (ρR)metaσR° + (ρR)paraσR° + δorthoυ. In the case of various temperatures, the equation for data processing involved the additional c1(1/T) term and the cross term cm,p(1/T)σ° or c2(1/T)σI and c3(1/T)σR° different for ortho-, meta- and para-substituted derivatives. As the measure of the steric influence from ortho position, the Charton υ values were used. In the case of a single temperature, the sensitivity to the inductive effect of ortho substituents was found to be about 1.7 times (in water 1.5 times) stronger than that of para and meta substituents in both reaction series studied. The variation of the ortho inductive influence with temperature appeared to be more than twice larger than that for para substituents. Compared to water, in aqueous 5.3 M NaClO4 the inductive effect from ortho position was nearly unchanged while the para inductive effect was found to be about 0.13 units of ρI smaller in the case of both reaction series studied, though the polar effects in these reaction series differ about two-fold. Due to different variation of the ortho and para inductive effects with solvent and temperature, the relative increase in the ortho effect was observed when going from water to aqueous 5.3 M NaClO4.

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Zhu, Jian-Min, William Huffer, and Allen C. Alfrey. "Effect of aluminum on bone matrix inductive properties." Kidney International 38, no. 6 (1990): 1141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1990.324.

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Yoshikawa, Akimasa, Yuki Obana, Manabu Shinohara, Masahiro Itonaga, and Kiyohumi Yumoto. "Hall-induced inductive shielding effect on geomagnetic pulsations." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 8 (2002): 107–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013610.

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Gervasoni, Cristina, Francesco R. Simonetti, Chiara Resnati, Nitin Charbe, Emilio Clementi, and Dario Cattaneo. "Prolonged inductive effect of rifampicin on linezolid exposure." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 71, no. 5 (2015): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1833-z.

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Aspden, H. "The exploding wire phenomenon as an inductive effect." Physics Letters A 120, no. 2 (1987): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90081-8.

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Yahel, E., D. Orgad, A. Palevski, and H. Shtrikman. "Inductive Probing of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 12 (1996): 2149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.2149.

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Exner, Otto, and Stanislav Böhm. "Inductive effect of uncharged groups: dependence on electronegativity." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 19, no. 7 (2006): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.1093.

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Fiedler, Pavel, and Otto Exner. "Conformation of Aromatic Carbonyl Derivatives: An Infrared Study." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, no. 4 (2004): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040797.

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Infrared spectra of 14 methyl- and polymethyl-substituted acetophenones and of 14 equally substituted methyl benzoates were investigated in the carbonyl region in tetrachloromethane solution and correlated with their conformation. The ν(C=O) frequency depends moderately on the inductive effect of substituents and more sensitively on the steric effect of ortho substituents. Steric effects are not simply related to the torsion angle ϕ (calculated by the density functional theory) but are better described by dividing the methyl substituents into three classes: nonplanar derivatives with methyl groups in the two ortho positions, slightly nonplanar derivatives with two methyl groups in the positions 2 and 3 (buttressing effect), and the remaining derivatives existing in two equilibrium planar conformations. Eleven various physical properties of methyl-substituted acetophenones, measured or calculated previously, were now correlated by principal component analysis (PCA). Two components are necessary to explain 93% of variance; they relate roughly to the steric and inductive effects. Steric effect affects all properties while inductive effect is of importance mainly for the gas-phase basicities and wavelengths in the UV spectra. Both can be separated very effectively using the classic comparison of ortho and para derivatives; in this way, the steric effect is isolated and in a subsequent PCA only one component is sufficient to explain 94% of variance.

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Belinskaya, E. V., and P. G. Dulnyev. "Effect of trophic, osmotically active and solidifying components of nutrient medium on the direct embryognesis in spring barley anther culture in vitro." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.950.

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Aim. Ambryoidogenesis, or somatic embryogenesis, is known to be the most efficient mode of plant regeneration in plant cell, tissue and organ culture. The investigation was aimed to elucidate effects of trophic and osmogenic components of inductive medium on the frequency of direct embryoidogenesis in spring barley anther culture in vitro and to determine mechanism of morphogenesis improvement coursed by chemically modified starch D-5aM used as a gelling agent instead of agar. Methods. Anthers of DH-line with a high androgenetic capacity were inoculated on inductive media containing N6 macro-, MS micronutrients, organic supplements, maltose or mannitol (0.3 M) and solidified with agar or chemically modified starch. Results. A positive effect of combination of high maltose content and chemically modified starch on the induction and regeneration processes in spring barley anther culture in vitro was confirmed. It was also shown that mannitol didn’t keep any growth or development processes going in barley anther and embryo culture, but at the same time this substance had no toxic effect. Conclusions. In order to achieve a high frequency of induction in spring barley anther culture, it is necessary to use medium containing maltose – a low weight component both with trophic and with osmotic activity. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., anther culture in vitro, mannitol, maltose, embryo formation, plant regeneration.

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Reddy, Abbavaram Gowtham, and Vineeth N Balasubramanian. "NESTER: An Adaptive Neurosymbolic Method for Causal Effect Estimation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 13 (2024): 14793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i13.29398.

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Causal effect estimation from observational data is a central problem in causal inference. Methods based on potential outcomes framework solve this problem by exploiting inductive biases and heuristics from causal inference. Each of these methods addresses a specific aspect of causal effect estimation, such as controlling propensity score, enforcing randomization, etc., by designing neural network (NN) architectures and regularizers. In this paper, we propose an adaptive method called Neurosymbolic Causal Effect Estimator (NESTER), a generalized method for causal effect estimation. NESTER integrates the ideas used in existing methods based on multi-head NNs for causal effect estimation into one framework. We design a Domain Specific Language (DSL) tailored for causal effect estimation based on causal inductive biases used in literature. We conduct a theoretical analysis to investigate NESTER's efficacy in estimating causal effects. Our comprehensive empirical results show that NESTER performs better than state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.

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Vanhamäki, H., O. Amm, and A. Viljanen. "Role of inductive electric fields and currents in dynamical ionospheric situations." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 2 (2007): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-437-2007.

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Abstract. We study the role of ionospheric induction in different commonly observed ionospheric situations. These include an intensifying electrojet, westward travelling surge (WTS) and Ω-band. We use data based, realistic models for these phenomena and calculate the inductive electric fields that are created due to the temporal variations of ionospheric currents. The ionospheric induction problem is solved using a new calculation technique that can handle non-uniform, time-dependent conductances and electric fields of any geometry. We find that in some situations inductive effects are not negligible and the ionospheric electric field is not a pure potential field, but has a significant induced rotational part. In the WTS and Ω-band models the induced electric field is concentrated in a small area, where the time derivatives are largest. In the electrojet model the induced field is significant over a large part of the jet area. In these examples the induced electric field has typical values of few mV/m, which amounts to several tens of percents of the potential electric field present at the same locations. The induced electric field is associated with ionospheric and field aligned currents (FAC), that modify the overall structure of the current systems. Especially the induced FAC are often comparable to the non-inductive FAC, and may thus modify the coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere in the most dynamical situations. We also present some examples with very simple ionospheric current systems, where the effect of different ionospheric parameters on the induction process is studied.

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Zoric, Aleksandra. "Induction and categorization: One model of language development." Theoria, Beograd 62, no. 2 (2019): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1902189z.

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According to one of the models of explanation of the development of verbal and linguistic competence, inductive reasoning provides a more adequate description of this development compared to various theories of innateness. The basic function of induction consists in concept formation and acquisition, i.e. in categorizing the world of our surroundings. Research has shown that pre-school children become aware of various ways in which categories are interrelated, and they are also using different principles for grounding their inductive reasoning. The main form of inductive reasoning from the standpoint of language learning is called category based induction. Category based inductive reasoning is the subject of many analyses which aim to pinpoint its origin and explain its further development. Some authors have maintained that the bias towards this type of reasoning is conceptually primitive, i.e. that it is not the result of language learning. In effect, it is the precondition of language learning as it enables the categorical mastery. Others have presupposed that children are biased when considering words as something that refers to kinds. When categorical information is passed through words the children are spontaneously making categorically grounded conclusions. The question of the origin of category based induction is still largely open. Is it an innate ability or the product of development? If it is the product of development, are there some components on which such reasoning is based, that are innate in a certain way? What is the exact relationship between categorization and induction? Is categorization prior to induction or is it the product of it? This is just to name a few of philosophically interesting questions with which the proponents of this model are faced. The model itself sheds new light on some classic problems of the philosophy of language in general, and on some key aspects of Quine?s position in this discipline, in particular.

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Radkevich, V. N., V. V. Stalovich, and D. S. Alekhnovich. "Towards Determination of Inductive Resistances of Single-Core Cables with Voltage of up to 1 kV Insulated by Cross-Linked Polyethylene." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 4 (2018): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-4-321-333.

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To calculate short-circuit currents, voltage losses and reactive power in electrical networks, information on inductive resistances of cable lines is required. In the technical literature there are no exact parameters of single-core cables with voltage of up to 1 kV insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. This results in inaccuracies in the calculations of modes of electrical networks. The article considers the issues of determining the inductance and inductive resistance of power lines up with voltage of up to 1 kV made of single-core cables and insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. The analysis of formulas for determining the inductance given in different literature sources was fulfilled, that demonstrated a significant difference in the numerical values of the obtained calculation results. The formula that provides more reliable calculations of the inductance of the cable lines was identified. The influence of the permissible increase in the thickness of the insulation and the sheath of a single-core cable with voltage of up to 1 kV covered with cross-linked polyethylene on the inductive resistance was determined. The inductance and inductive resistance of single-core cables were calculated when the cables were arranged along the vertices of an equilateral and right-angle triangle, as well as in one plane. It was shown that the specific inductances and inductive resistances are 1.7–1.8 times greater in the plane with the distance between adjacent cables equal to the outer diameter of the cable than in the location is close to the triangle. When the cross sections of conductive cores are large and installations are multi-ampere, there is a surface effect and proximity effect, due to which the magnetic field intensity inside the core and its inductance decrease. Inductivities and inductive resistances of singlecore cables with voltage up to 1 kV were determined taking into account the influence of the surface effect and the proximity effect. The calculations that we performed have shown that the nonconsideration of the above-mentioned effects leads to significant errors in the determination of inductive resistances. The influence of one-core cables of armor made of steel tapes on inductive resistances is considered. An illustrative example shows that the inductive resistance of an armored cable with a cross-section area of the current-conducting core equal to 800 mm2 is about twice as large as the unarmored one. The use of single-core cables in three-phase electrical networks, armored with steel straps, ought to be prohibited by regulatory documents, since such cables dramatically worsen the efficiency of power supply systems.

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del Guercio, P., M. Zanetti, M. F. del Guercio, and D. H. Katz. "B lymphocyte regulation of the immune system. II. Inhibition of Fc receptor expression of lymphocytes by BEF, a lymphokine of B cell origin." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 6 (1985): 3926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.3926.

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Abstract Recently, we described a new lymphokine of B cell origin, capable of selectively preventing the differentiation of T suppressor cells from the precursor into the effector stage. As a result, antibody production against various antigens is markedly increased. We termed this lymphokine B cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF). To discern the mechanism(s) by which BEF interferes with the activation of T suppressor cells, experiments were undertaken to explore the effect of BEF on the induction of Fc receptors (FcR). The induction of FcR on T cells has been implicated in the down-regulation of antibody synthesis, and it has been suggested that the expression of FcR for a given immunoglobulin precedes the release of factors with regulatory functions for the corresponding isotype. In the experiments reported here, murine spleen cells were incubated for 24 hr in the presence of IgG1 or IgA monoclonal antibodies, were washed, and the number of FcR gamma 1+ and FcR alpha+ cells were calculated by a rosette assay. The effect of BEF was studied either during the inductive phase or before, i.e., by pretreating the cells with BEF for 18 hr at 37 degrees C before the inductive phase. Our results show that BEF abolishes, in a dose-dependent manner, the expression of isotype-specific FcR in spleen cells when present during the inductive phase, as well as when cells are pretreated with it. In successive experiments, we tested the effect of BEF on the induction of FcR on T cell-enriched or B cell-enriched spleen cells. The results show that BEF is effective in selectively inhibiting FcR expression on T lymphocytes, but not on B lymphocytes, once isolated from the total spleen cell population. These findings provide further insight into the mechanism by which BEF modulates the immune response, and suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in the induction of FcR on T and B lymphocytes, respectively.

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Tomasouw, Jolanda. "PENGARUH MODEL PENGAJARAN INDUKTIF KATA BERGAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA JERMAN." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 28, no. 2 (2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.282.1.

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Abstract: Inductive word picture teaching model is an instructional model used for the students at beginner levelat the German Study Program to direct them to complete the complicated tasks applying higher thinking order.This research aimed at discovering the effect of this model towards the students’ writing skill in German. Thisexperimental research applied single design with pre- and post- tests in Faculty of Teachers Education, PattimuraUniversity, Ambon during the second semester of 2013/2014. The result of research showed, the model has significantinfluence to writing skill. This means, the model forces the students to think inductively in writing. Besides, themodel enables them to construct their basic structural analysis systematically. Keywords : writing skill, inductive model, picture word.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inductive effect'

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