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1

He, Li Ping, Zong Zhang Chen, and Yiu Wing Mai. "Induction Ability of CAA and Anti-Corrosion Property of Inductively Formed Apatite/Al2O3." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.75.

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Ca-containing anodic alumina (CAA) has been successfully prepared by anodizing Al film in an alkali solution at a constant voltage and subsequently electro-depositing calcium salts on and into porous anodic alumina. This paper studied the induction ability of Ca-containing anodic alumina (CAA) for calcium phosphates salts by immersing CAA in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The morphologies and compositions of the inductive coating are studied in depth using SEM and XRD. The results show that the porous Ca-containing anodic alumina (CAA) exhibits good induction ability of calcium phosphates in SBF. The Ca/P atomic ratio of the inductive coating on CAA after 7 days immersion in SBF is of 1.68 and the inductive coating on CAA is apatite. Consequently apatite /Al2O3 (anodic) composite has been obtained after apatite inductively formed on Ca-containing anodic alumina. Tafel polarization test indicates that apatite /Al2O3 composite has good anti-corrosion ability in simulated body environment. Therefore, Ca-containing anodic alumina films are promising substrates for fabricating functional coatings and its inductively formed apatite/Al2O3 composite is a promising material for hard tissue repair applications.
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2

Sterkenburg, Tom F. "THE META-INDUCTIVE JUSTIFICATION OF INDUCTION." Episteme 17, no. 4 (February 7, 2019): 519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2018.52.

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ABSTRACTI evaluate Schurz's proposed meta-inductive justification of induction, a refinement of Reichenbach's pragmatic justification that rests on results from the machine learning branch of prediction with expert advice.My conclusion is that the argument, suitably explicated, comes remarkably close to its grand aim: an actual justification of induction. This finding, however, is subject to two main qualifications, and still disregards one important challenge.The first qualification concerns the empirical success of induction. Even though, I argue, Schurz's argument does not need to spell out what inductive method actually consists in, it does need to postulate that there is something like the inductive or scientific prediction strategy that has so far been significantly more successful than alternative approaches. The second qualification concerns the difference between having a justification for inductive method and for sticking with induction for now. Schurz's argument can only provide the latter. Finally, the remaining challenge concerns the pool of alternative strategies, and the relevant notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality that features in the analytic step of Schurz's argument. Building on the work done here, I will argue in a follow-up paper that the argument needs a stronger dynamic notion of a meta-inductivist's optimality.
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Yagola, G. K., D. R. Vasil'ev, and Yu I. Kazantsev. "Hyperconducting inductive measure of magnetic induction." Measurement Techniques 28, no. 5 (May 1985): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00864929.

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4

Buntine, Wray. "Inductive knowledge acquisition and induction methodologies." Knowledge-Based Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1989): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(89)90008-7.

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5

Zhang, Xiuren, David G. Himelrick, Floyd M. Woods, and Robert C. Ebel. "Effect of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Pretreatment Growing Condition on Floral Induction in Spring-bearing Strawberry." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 556B—556a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.556b.

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`Chandler' strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa Duch.) were greenhouse grown under natural lighting and then placed into growth chambers at two constant temperatures of 16 and 26 °C and 2 daylengths of 9 h (SD) and 9-h photoperiod (NI) which was night interrupted with 3 hours of incandescent radiation at 30-45 μmol·s-1·m-2 PAR. Plants were given different numbers of inductive cycles in growth chambers and then moved to the greenhouse. Flowering and growth were monitored. Flowering was completely inhibited at 26 °C, regardless of pretreatment growing conditions such as pot sizes and plant ages, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. At 16 °C, SD promoted floral induction compared to NI under all inductive cycles except a 7-day induction. The minimum number of inductive cycles required at 16 °C for floral induction was dependent on photoperiod and prior greenhouse treatment. Flowering rate was also affected by greenhouse treatment, photoperiod, and inductive cycles. Runner production was affected by photoperiod and temperature × inductive cycle.
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Kaposi, Ambrus, András Kovács, and Thorsten Altenkirch. "Constructing quotient inductive-inductive types." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 3, POPL (January 2, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290315.

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7

Vakarelov, Dimiter. "Inductive Modal Logics1." Fundamenta Informaticae 16, no. 3-4 (May 1, 1992): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1992-163-411.

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The main aim of this paper is to study inductive modal logics – bi-modal logics, containing the Segerberg’s induction axiom Seg, known from PDL. An adequate semantical characterization of Seg is given, and completeness theorems for a number of inductive modal logics are proved by a generalization of Segerberg’s filtration from PDL.
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8

Misra, Kanishka. "On Semantic Cognition, Inductive Generalization, and Language Models." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12894–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21584.

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My doctoral research focuses on understanding semantic knowledge in neural network models trained solely to predict natural language (referred to as language models, or LMs), by drawing on insights from the study of concepts and categories grounded in cognitive science. I propose a framework inspired by 'inductive reasoning,' a phenomenon that sheds light on how humans utilize background knowledge to make inductive leaps and generalize from new pieces of information about concepts and their properties. Drawing from experiments that study inductive reasoning, I propose to analyze semantic inductive generalization in LMs using phenomena observed in human-induction literature, investigate inductive behavior on tasks such as implicit reasoning and emergent feature recognition, and analyze and relate induction dynamics to the learned conceptual representation space.
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9

KUSAKARI, K. "Primitive Inductive Theorems Bridge Implicit Induction Methods and Inductive Theorems in Higher-Order Rewriting." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E88-D, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.12.2715.

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10

Nedeljković, Mitar. "The problem of justifying inductive reasoning." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 51, no. 2 (2021): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp51-30620.

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In this paper, the author considers the classical strategies of defense from Hume's argument against induction, and assesses the extent to which they were found to be successful. Synthetic, linguistic, a priori, pragmatic, and inductive strategies of defending induction are considered, as well as the question of the extent to which the justification of induction is a problem for grounding scientific knowledge. A new argument is introduced for the a priori justification of induction, as well as a critique of the synthetic and inductive defenses of induction by Black and Jacquette.
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11

Dybjer, Peter. "A general formulation of simultaneous inductive-recursive definitions in type theory." Journal of Symbolic Logic 65, no. 2 (June 2000): 525–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586554.

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AbstractThe first example of a simultaneous inductive-recursive definition in intuitionistic type theory is Martin-Löfs universe à la Tarski. A set U0of codes for small sets is generated inductively at the same time as a function T0, which maps a code to the corresponding small set, is defined by recursion on the way the elements of U0are generated.In this paper we argue that there is an underlyinggeneralnotion of simultaneous inductive-recursive definition which is implicit in Martin-Löf's intuitionistic type theory. We extend previously given schematic formulations of inductive definitions in type theory to encompass a general notion of simultaneous induction-recursion. This enables us to give a unified treatment of several interesting constructions including various universe constructions by Palmgren, Griffor, Rathjen, and Setzer and a constructive version of Aczel's Frege structures. Consistency of a restricted version of the extension is shown by constructing a realisability model in the style of Allen.
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12

CURI, GIOVANNI. "ABSTRACT INDUCTIVE AND CO-INDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 2 (June 2018): 598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2018.13.

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AbstractIn [G. Curi, On Tarski’s fixed point theorem. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 143 (2015), pp. 4439–4455], a notion of abstract inductive definition is formulated to extend Aczel’s theory of inductive definitions to the setting of complete lattices. In this article, after discussing a further extension of the theory to structures of much larger size than complete lattices, as the class of all sets or the class of ordinals, a similar generalization is carried out for the theory of co-inductive definitions on a set. As a corollary, a constructive version of the general form of Tarski’s fixed point theorem is derived.
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13

Feeney, Aidan, Aimee K. Crisp, and Catherine J. Wilburn. "Inductive reasoning and semantic cognition: More than just different names for the same thing?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 6 (December 2008): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005918.

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AbstractWe describe evidence that certain inductive phenomena are associated with IQ, that different inductive phenomena emerge at different ages, and that the effects of causal knowledge on induction are decreased under conditions of memory load. On the basis of this evidence we argue that there is more to inductive reasoning than semantic cognition.
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14

Bosch, Carlos, and Jan Kučera. "On regularity of inductive limits." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 45, no. 1 (1995): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1995.128504.

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15

Bobosher kizi, Shovqieva Shohida. "INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE TEACHING APPROACHES." American Journal Of Philological Sciences 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume02issue05-02.

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16

TATSUTA, MAKOTO. "TWO REALIZABILITY INTERPRETATIONS OF MONOTONE INDUCTIVE DEFINITIONS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 05, no. 01 (March 1994): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054194000025.

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Realizability of monotone inductive definitions is studied to construct a logical system in which recursive data structures and recursive control structures of programs are naturally formalized by using inductive definitions and programs can be produced from constructive proofs by using realizability. Two q-realizability interpretations of monotone inductive definitions are presented. One interpretation is defined so that a realizer of an inductively defined predicate is the same as a realizer of its expansion. It is proved that the interpretation of restricted monotone inductive definitions is sound and that the interpretation of full monotone inductive definitions is not sound, though the interpretation seems very natural. Another interpretation is presented by using the higher order coding and q-realizability for the second order logic. The soundness of this interpretation of full monotone inductive definitions is also proved. To prove this result, greatest-lower-bound inductive definitions are introduced.
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17

White, Roger. "THE PROBLEM OF THE PROBLEM OF INDUCTION." Episteme 12, no. 2 (June 2015): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2015.9.

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AbstractTo solve the problem of induction we had first better know what it is. Some ways of formulating the worry about induction are underwhelming as they depend on assumptions that don't survive much scrutiny. Perhaps the most disturbing argument for inductive skepticism appeals to the claim that we could not possibly be justified in taking our inductive methods to be reliable independently of our use of those methods. And the use of inductive methods cannot give us justification to suppose that they are reliable. I argue for a new way to escape the first horn of this dilemma.
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18

Klotz, Frederick S. "Turtle Graphics and Mathematical Induction." Mathematics Teacher 80, no. 8 (November 1987): 636–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.80.8.0636.

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Although induction is widely used in mathematics, it is a difficult concept to explain in the classroom. For students who have had little experience with inductive thinking, inductive proofs can appear somewhat arbitrary and unconvincing.
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19

Locke, Edwin A. "The Case for Inductive Theory Building†." Journal of Management 33, no. 6 (December 2007): 867–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206307307636.

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This article argues that theory building in the social sciences, management and psychology included, should be inductive. It begins by critiquing contemporary philosophy of science, for example, Popper's falsifiability theory, his stress on deduction, and the hypothetico—deductive method. Next, the author presents some history on the concept of induction in philosophy and of inductive theory building in the hard sciences (e.g., Aristotle, Bacon, Newton). This is followed by three examples of successful theory building by induction in psychology and management (Beck's theory, Bandura's social—cognitive theory, goal setting theory). The article concludes with some suggested guidelines for successful theory building through induction and some new policies that journal editors might encourage.
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20

Hanke, Miroslav. "Late Scholastic Analyses of Inductive Reasoning." Studia Neoaristotelica 17, no. 1 (2020): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20201712.

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The late scholastic era was, among others, contemporary to the “emergence of probability”, the German academic philosophy from Leibniz to Kant, and the introduction of Newtonian physics. Within this era, two branches of the late-scholastic analysis of induction can be identified, one which can be thought of as a continual development of earlier scholastic approaches, while the other one absorbed influences of early modern philosophy, mathematics, and physics. Both branches of scholastic philosophy share the terminology of modalities, probability, and forms of (inductive) arguments. Furthermore, induction was commonly considered valid as a result of being a covert syllogism. Last but not least, there appears to be a difference in emphasis between the two traditions’ analyses of induction: while Tolomei discussed the theological presuppositions of induction, Amort’s “leges contingentium” exemplify the principles of induction by aleatory phenomena and Boscovich’s rules for inductive arguments are predominately concerned with the generalisation of macro-level observations to the micro-level.
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21

Sosa-Moguel, Landy Elena, and Eddie Aparicio-Landa. "SECONDARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT INDUCTIVE REASONING AND THEIR INTERPRETATION IN TEACHING." Journal on Mathematics Education 12, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.12863.239-256.

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Inductive reasoning is an essential tool for teaching mathematics to generate knowledge, solve problems, and make generalizations. However, little research has been done on inductive reasoning as it applies to teaching mathematical concepts in secondary school. Therefore, the study explores secondary school teachers’ perceptions of inductive reasoning and interprets this mathematical reasoning type in teaching the quadratic equation. The data were collected from a questionnaire administered to 22 teachers and an interview conducted to expand their answers. Through the thematic analysis method, it was found that more than half the teachers perceived inductive reasoning as a process for moving from the particular to the general and as a way to acquire mathematical knowledge through questioning. Because teachers have little clarity about inductive phases and processes, they expressed confusion about teaching the quadratic equation inductively. Results indicate that secondary school teachers need professional learning experiences geared towards using inductive reasoning processes and tasks to form concepts and generalizations in mathematics.
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22

Seehase, Dirk, Christian Kohlen, Arne Neiser, Andrej Novikov, and Mathias Nowottnick. "Selective Soldering on Printed Circuit Boards with Endogenous Induction Heat at Appropriate Susceptors." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.13277.

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In this work, methods for the endogenous heating of printed circuit boards (PCBs) by means of inductive losses in built-in susceptors are presented. Two basic types of inductive heating were studied, the heating in the transversal field and the heating in the longitudinal field. Elementary test stands were constructed and characterized for both field geometries. These setups were then used to analyze various susceptor materials like copper and aluminum for the transversal field heating and nickel and iron for the longitudinal field heating. To demonstrate the soldering processes by means of inductive heating, exemplary processes were conducted on both test stands by emulating a standard solder reflow profile. The limitations of using induction heating on printed circuit boards are illustrated by component lead frames, which also heat up in the inductive field and can hence be damaged.In short, this paper presents a selective heating method, based on induction heating, for printed circuit boards. Furthermore possible setups for implementing this heating method are described.
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23

Hebblethwaite, Brian. "Inductive Theology?" Modern Churchman 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/mc.32.1.37.

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24

Engelhard, Kristina, Christian J. Feldbacher-Escamilla, Alexander Gebharter, and Ansgar Seide. "Inductive Metaphysics." Grazer Philosophische Studien 98, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-00000129.

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Abstract This introduction consists of two parts. In the first part, the special issue editors introduce inductive metaphysics from a historical as well as from a systematic point of view and discuss what distinguishes it from other modern approaches to metaphysics. In the second part, they give a brief summary of the individual articles in this special issue.
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Toliver, Jean C. "Inductive Reasoning." Clinical Nurse Specialist 2, no. 4 (1988): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-198800240-00005.

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26

Bacon, Andrew. "Inductive Knowledge." Noûs 54, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 354–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12266.

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27

Williamson, Jon. "Inductive Influence." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 689–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axm032.

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28

Henderson, Peter B. "Inductive reasoning." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 35, no. 2 (June 2003): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/782941.782969.

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29

Grayling, AC. "Inductive inferences." Lancet 371, no. 9631 (June 2008): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60940-x.

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Gladwell, Peter. "Inductive research." New Scientist 208, no. 2789 (December 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)63000-x.

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31

Platten, Stephen. "Inductive Formation." Theology 108, no. 844 (July 2005): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x0510800402.

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32

Rich, Ronald L. "Inductive effect." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 6 (June 1991): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068p534.4.

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33

Ésik, Zoltán, and Werner Kuich. "Inductive ∗-semirings." Theoretical Computer Science 324, no. 1 (September 2004): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2004.03.050.

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34

Dybjer, Peter. "Inductive families." Formal Aspects of Computing 6, no. 4 (July 1994): 440–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01211308.

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35

Crupi, Vincenzo. "Inductive Logic." Journal of Philosophical Logic 44, no. 6 (February 28, 2015): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10992-015-9348-8.

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36

Hild, Matthias. "Inductive Incompleteness." Philosophical Studies 128, no. 1 (March 2006): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-005-4059-6.

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37

Horan, Barbara L. "Inductive Arguments." Teaching Philosophy 12, no. 4 (1989): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil1989124110.

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38

Hayes, Brett K., Evan Heit, and Haruka Swendsen. "Inductive reasoning." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 1, no. 2 (February 5, 2010): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.44.

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39

Dorn, Georg J. W. "Inductive countersupport." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 26, no. 1 (March 1995): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01130934.

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40

Xindong, Wu. "Inductive learning." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (April 1993): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02939474.

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41

Ripka, Pavel, Josef Blažek, Mehran Mirzaei, Pavol Lipovský, Miroslav Šmelko, and Katarína Draganová. "Inductive Position and Speed Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010065.

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Magnetic position and speed sensors are rugged and durable. While DC magnetic sensors use permanent magnets as a field source and usually have only mm or cm range, inductive sensors use electromagnetic induction and they may work up to a distance of 20 m. Eddy current inductive sensors equipped with magnetoresistive sensors instead of inductive coils can operate at low frequencies, allowing detection through a conductive wall. In this paper, we make an overview of existing systems and we present new results in eddy current velocity and position measurements. We also present several types of inductive position sensors developed in our laboratories for industrial applications in pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, underground drilling, large mining machines, and for detecting ferromagnetic objects on conveyors. While the most precise inductive position sensors have a resolution of 10 nm and linearity of 0.2%, precision requirements on the industrial sensors which we develop are less demanding, but they should have large working distance and large resistance to environmental conditions and interference.
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Madzharov, Nikolay D., Raycho T. Ilarionov, and Anton T. Tonchev. "System for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/52.

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Tiryakiol, Selim, Himmet Sarıtaş, and Ahmet Benzer. "Turkish Grammar Teaching Through Inductive Approach." Journal of Qualitative Research in Education 6, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.6c3s17m.

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Apostolidis, Panos, Xueyan Liu, Cor Kasbergen, A. Tom Scarpas, and Martinus van de Ven. "Toward the Design of an Induction Heating System for Asphalt Pavements with the Finite Element Method." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2633, no. 1 (January 2017): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2633-16.

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Induction technology was introduced to the paving industry to assist pavement operations by heating asphalt layers efficiently from the surface. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of inductive particles on the heating efficiency of asphalt mixes. However, research is limited on the quantification of design, the operational factors, and the associated degree of heat generation of induction treatment. This study assessed the hypothesis that different systems of induction coils provoke different levels of heat generation within an inductive asphalt layer. First, a three-dimensional induction heating finite element model was developed to evaluate the design and effect of operational factors for a static single-turn induction coil system. The electrical conductivity values of the material in the inductive asphalt pavement were calibrated with a laboratory-scale induction device. Moving induction systems were analyzed with different operational conditions considered. The supplied power and the traveling speed of the induction system appeared to be the most influential operational factors for the development of a quick and highly efficient system. The developed model creates an opportunity to apply these analyses to asphalt pavements to optimize the technology in situ.
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Rahmatian, Rouhollah, and Fatemeh Zarekar. "Inductive/Deductive Learning by Considering the Role of Gender—A Case Study of Iranian French-Learners." International Education Studies 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2016): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n12p254.

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<p class="apa">This article defines the objective of discovering the first preferred styles of Iranian learners of French as a Foreign Language (FFL) as regards inductive or deductive learning; and secondly, the difference between gender-based learning tendencies. Considering these points as target variables, the questionnaire developed by Felder and Silverman in 1988 was applied to form the learning styles and consequently to associate them with inductive and deductive approaches. The results led the team to set the idea which is based on the choice of induction or deduction in language learning and the gender variable that follows different directions. Consequently, in terms of the inductive approach, we find ourselves facing a rather male solicitation. A proportion of the use of this approach is also associated with women whose motivation is seen rather noticeably. Moreover, the significance is relative rather than significant in all the relationships studied in this research: males and inductive (1)/deductive learning (2); females and inductive (3)/deductive learning (4); inductive (5)/deductive (6) among Iranians.</p>
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Pham, D. T., S. Bigot, and S. S. Dimov. "RULES-F: A fuzzy inductive learning algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406c20004.

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Current inductive learning algorithms have difficulties handling attributes with numerical values. This paper presents RULES-F, a new fuzzy inductive learning algorithm in the RULES family, which integrates the capabilities and performance of a good inductive learning algorithm for classification applications with the ability to create accurate and compact fuzzy models for the generation of numerical outputs. The performance of RULES-F in two simulated control applications involving numerical output parameters is demonstrated and compared with that of the well-known fuzzy rule induction algorithm by Wang and Mendel.
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Żelazny, Robert, Paweł Jabłoński, and Tomasz Szczegielniak. "Operation of the Prototype Device for Induction Heating of Railway Turnouts at Various Operating Frequencies." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020476.

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Devices for electric heating of railroad turnouts are elements of the railway infrastructure protecting railroad turnouts against blocking them by snow and ice in winter. They often operate based on the principle of resistance heating but other solutions are also emerging. In this paper, one of such new solutions using the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was presented and tested under various conditions. In comparison with traditional resistive heaters, the inductive ones offer heat distribution directly to ice and snow without intermediation of rails. Moreover, they can use a wide range spectrum of frequency to shorten the melting time. The resistive and inductive devices were tested with respect to melting time, temperatures and energy consumption. It follows that the induction-based device offers much lower energy consumption at a level of 30%–60% of that by resistive heater. The details depend on frequency used, initial temperature and number of induction devices of action assumed equivalent to the resistive one. Inductive heating of turnouts also offers shorter times of operation, which are obtained for frequencies in the range 40–70 kHz. The inductive device was also tested with respect to magnetic field levels around it to assess its possible influence on nearby infrastructure.
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48

Evgenii, Arzamastsev, Astafiev Pavel, Baidikov Sergei, Konoplin Aleksei, and Ratushniak Aleksandr. "Inductive sounding of layered earth." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-4-21-31.

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Research aim. The research results in the development of a technology of continuous multi-frequency induction profiling measuring magnetic field components on long survey routes and detailed elaboration of sections by means of remote induction soundings. Research methodology. Theoretical and experimental studies of magnetic field components change patterns of harmonic vertical magnetic dipole over non-uniform layered earth. Mathematical simulation of harmonic vertical magnetic dipole magnetic field in non-uniform layered earth. Analysis of results. Information value of harmonic vertical magnetic dipole magnetic field components characteristics in low-frequency induction zone has been shown when studying non-uniform geoelectric sections together with the obtained results correspondence to the type of the non-uniform section when carrying out remote inductive sounding. 30 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 4. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Scope of results. for extended sections of route research (road and railway, oil and gas pipelines, power transmission lines, etc.) process sequence of vertical magnetic dipole magnetic field characteristics measurement has been determined to determine geoelectric properties of a layered section by means of continuous multi-frequency profiling and determination of homogeneous sections of medium structure with their detailing by discrete analysis by the method of remote inductive sounding.
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49

Jacquette, Dale. "How (Not) to Justify Induction." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 24 (January 1, 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2011-012402.

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Abstract A conceptual analysis of the problem of induction suggests that the difficulty of justifying probabilistic reasoning depends on a mistaken comparison between deductive and inductive inference. Inductive reasoning is accordingly thought to stand in need of special justification because it does not measure up to the standard of conditional absolute certainty guaranteed by deductive validity. When comparison is made, however, it appears that deductive reasoning is subject to a counterpart argument that is just as threatening to the justification of deductive as to inductive inference. Trying to explain induction in such a way that it satisfies a special justificatory requirement in contrast with deduction is therefore not the way to justify induction. An alternative approach is sought in a style of justification developed by Aristotle for the law of noncontradiction and by Kant for the conclusions of transcendental reasoning that with variations can be used to justify both deduction and induction. This strategy upholds a principle when the principle must be presupposed even to raise doubts about the principle's justification.
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50

Davidson*, Victoria L., Dean A. Kopsell, and James E. Pollard. "The Effect of Interrupting Short Day Cycles with Day-length Extension on Floral Bud Initiation in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa)." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 849C—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.849c.

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Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effect on floral bud initiation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa, cv. Chandler) by interrupting inductive short day cycles with a day-length extension treatment. Vegetative plants were exposed to 10-, 15-, or 20-day cycles of inductive short days in growth chambers. After receiving an inductive short day treatment plants were transferred to a greenhouse where they were exposed to non-inductive long days, which stimulated panicle elongation. Dissections of apical meristems immediately following each cycle of short days revealed that cycles of 20 days resulted in detectable floral bud formation. After 15 days in the greenhouse, all short day treatments had initiated floral buds. In the greenhouse, under long days, subsequent flowering in cohorts of plants which had previously received inductive short days showed a positive correlation between interruption of short days with day length extension and reduction in the number of floral buds initiated on earliest emerging panicles. These results suggest potential for manipulation of floral bud induction and potentially fruit size in Chandler, and perhaps other cultivars by interruption of a cycle of inductive short days with a day length extension treatment.
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