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Green, Adam. "The State in the Indus River Valley." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_hontheses/1.
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This thesis examines the concept of the state in the context of the Indus River Valley, located in northwest India and Pakistan. In the first section, I synthesize several popular trends in state discussion from both inside and outside of archaeological theory. I then apply my synthesized approach to state definition to the archaeological record from the Indus River Valley. The resulting work visits both the concept of the state and the rich cultural history of the Indus Civilization. I determine that there was a state in the Indus River Valley, but that the Indus state was very different from others scholars have identified in the archaeological record.
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Lancelotti, Carla. "Fuelling Harappan hearths : human-environment interactions as revealed by fuel exploitation and use." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608968.
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Belcher, William R. "Fish exploitation of the Baluchistan and Indus Valley traditions an ethnoarchaeological approach to the study of fish remains /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1998. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9813108.
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Tahir, Adnan Ahmad. "Impact of climate change on the snow covers and glaciers in the Upper Indus River basin and its consequences on the water reservoirs (Tarbela reservoir) – Pakistan." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20056/document.
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L'économie du Pakistan, fondée sur l'agriculture, est hautement dépendante de l'approvisionnement en eau issu de la fonte de la neige et des glaciers du Haut Bassin de l'Indus (UIB) qui s'étend sur les chaînes de l'Himalaya, du Karakoram et de l'Hindukush. Il est par conséquent essentiel pour la gestion des ressources en eau d'appréhender la dynamique de la cryosphère (neige et glace), ainsi que les régimes hydrologiques de cette région dans le contexte de scénarios de changement climatique. La base de données satellitaire du produit de couverture neigeuse MODIS MOD10A2 a été utilisée de mars 2000 à décembre 2009 pour analyser la dynamique du couvert neigeux de l'UIB. Les données journalières de débits à 13 stations hydrométriques et de précipitation et température à 18 postes météorologiques ont été exploitées sur des périodes variables selon les stations pour étudier le régime hydro-climatique de la région. Les analyses satellitaires de la couverture neigeuse et glaciaire suggèrent une très légère extension de la cryosphère au cours de la dernière décade (2000‒2009) en contradiction avec la rapide fonte des glaciers observée dans la plupart des régions du monde. Le modèle « Snowmelt Runoff » (SRM), associé aux produits neige du capteur MODIS a été utilisé avec succès pour simuler les débits journaliers et étudier les impacts du changement climatique sur ces débits dans les sous-bassins à contribution nivo-glaciaire de l'UIB. L'application de SRM pour différents scénarios futurs de changement climatique indique un doublement des débits pour le milieu du siècle actuel. La variation des écoulement de l'UIB, la capacité décroissante des réservoirs existants (barrage de Tarbela) à cause de la sédimentation, ainsi que la demande croissante pour les différents usages de l'eau, laissent penser que de nouveaux réservoirs sont à envisager pour stocker les écoulements d'été et répondre aux nécessités de l'irrigation, de la production hydro-électrique, de la prévention des crues et de l'alimentation en eau domestiqueAgriculture based economy of Pakistan is highly dependent on the snow and glacier melt water supplies from the Upper Indus River Basin (UIB), situated in the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush ranges. It is therefore essential to understand the cryosphere (snow and ice) dynamics and hydrological regime of this area under changed climate scenarios, for water resource management. The MODIS MOD10A2 remote-sensing database of snow cover products from March 2000 to December 2009 was selected to analyse the snow cover dynamics in the UIB. A database of daily flows from 13 hydrometric stations and climate data (precipitation and temperature) from 18 gauging stations, over different time periods for different stations, was made available to investigate the hydro-climatological regime in the area. Analysis of remotely sensed cryosphere (snow and ice cover) data during the last decade (2000‒2009) suggest a rather slight expansion of cryosphere in the area in contrast to most of the regions in the world where glaciers are melting rapidly. The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) integrated with MODIS remote-sensing snow cover products was successfully used to simulate the daily discharges and to study the climate change impact on these discharges in the snow and glacier fed sub-catchments of UIB. The application of the SRM under future climate change scenarios indicates a doubling of summer runoff until the middle of this century. This variation in the Upper Indus River flow, decreasing capacity of existing reservoirs (Tarbela Dam) by sedimentation and the increasing demand of water uses suggests that new reservoirs shall be planned for summer flow storage to meet with the needs of irrigation supply, increasing power generation demand, flood control and water supply
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Fioccoprile, Emily Ann. "Gender in the Indus Valley Civilization." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146215.
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Ul, Ain Qurat <1990>. "The Hakra Cultural Horizon in the Greater Indus Valley." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20594.
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Research in the archaeology of South Asia and particularly Pakistan and India is scarce. Scarcity of research and production of new knowledge about Indus Civilization is equally hampered. The recent most discovery about a new aspect of Indus Civilization happened in 1970s and later it was defined under new terminology. It also gave a new direction to the research in early phases of Indus Civilization hence Early Indus Civilization Period was defined cogently and a proper chronological sequence was established from Neolithic Period in Balochistan to the Mature Indus Period when civilization fully emerged. The newly discovered phase or aspect of the Indus Civilization was separately termed and defined as Hakra Culture and often written as Hakra Phase or Hakra Period by many different scholars. This study undertakes specific role of the Hakra Period and its role in Indus Civilization and chronology of South Asia.
First chapter defines the terminology of the title and its background. Also it establishes the orientation of the research. Theories applied and methodology used is explained in the chapter. Moreover literature review and scheme of the thesis, Hakra as cultural aspect and in accordance with Early phases of Indus Civilization.
Second Chapter sheds light on the background of the discovery of the civilization and how research in Indus Civilization developed overtime. Moreover, the establishment of the early village farming communities of Mehrgarh in the highlands of Balochistan and their movement down to the low lands along the banks of Indus River as pastoral camps initially and ultimate culmination into a civilization.
Third chapter is about geographical boundaries of the civilization and definition of greater Indus Valley. It also talks about the river Hakra out of which the term has been derived and associated with a deeply integrated and rich aspect of the early phases of Indus Civilization. It also throws light about the natural resources, river track and travel routes for trade and interaction purposes.
Fourth Chapter is about Early Period in Indus Civilization which was defined as a sequential phase of the civilization, its nature, characteristics and how it adds quality to the overall idea and theme of the research. The major sites and their contribution to the chronology of the Indus Civilization has been discussed.
Fifth Chapter defines Hakra Cultural Horizon in isolation, its initially discover, nature and characteristics of culture material which makes it unique to be studied throughly and to be designated as separate phenomena. Its a huge phenomena and rarely studied, the density of sites in Cholistan desert along the now dry bed of Hakra river which was first identified at a site named Jalilpur in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Also number of sites and their location in India and Pakistan is discussed. Newly excavated sites of Hakra Period in India.
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Alizai, Anwar Hussain. "Holocene evolution of the Indus River and tributaries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202561.
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The Northwest Himalaya is a region of rapid rock uplift and a strongly erosive climate that allows the competing influences on drainage development to be assessed in the Indus River. This study used U-Pb zircon and K-feldspar Pb isotope analysis together with conventional heavy minerals to reconstruct flood plain drainage patterns from ~20 ka. Furthermore, clay mineralogy is used to reconstruct changes in chemical weathering. U-Pb ages for zircon grains from the Indus tributaries were compared with available bedrock data in order to constrain the source of the sediment reaching the Arabian Sea. The trunk Indus is typified by <200 Ma zircons, in contrast with >800 Ma in the eastern tributaries, eroded from Himalayan sources. A significant population of grains <200 Ma in Thar Desert indicates monsoon-related eolian transport from the lower Indus. Modelling of modern delta sand that is rich in >1700 Ma zircons contrasts with modern water discharge which is dominated by the trunk Indus indicating preferential Lesser Himalayan erosion before ~7 ka. Pb isotope compositions of K-feldspars were used as an additional provenance constraint. The eastern tributaries show a clear Himalayan provenance, contrasting with radiogenic grains in the trunk Indus. Thar desert sands show isotopic values that suggest significant erosion from Karakoram, consistent with the zircon dating, as well as heavy mineral data. In turn Holocene river sands from the western edge of the desert indicate increasing reworking from the dunes prior to ~4.5 ka, linked to climatic drying. XRD clay mineralogy shows increasing smectite in the delta at 13–7.5 ka, indicating stronger chemical weathering as the summer monsoon intensified. In contrast, the upper flood plains show evidence for increased chemical weathering after ~7 ka linked to the cessation of fluvial transport under the influence of a weakening monsoon.
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Karim, Ajaz. "Hydrochemistry and isotope systematics of the Indus River Basin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0010/NQ38787.pdf.
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Asay, Maria Nicole. "Quantification of glacier melt volume in the Indus River watershed." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2684.
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Quantifying the contribution of glaciers to water resources is particularly important in locations where glaciers may provide a large percentage of total river discharge. In some remote locations, direct field measurements of melt rates are difficult to acquire, so alternate approaches are needed. Positive degree-day modeling (PDD) of glacier melt is a valuable tool to making first order approximations of the volume of melt coming from glaciers. In this study, a PDD-melt model is applied to glaciers in the Indus River watershed located in Afghanistan, China, India, and Pakistan. Here, millions of people rely on the water from the Indus River, which previous work suggests may be heavily dependent on glacier melt from high mountain regions in the northern part of the watershed. In this region, the PDD melt model calculates the range of melt volumes from more than 45,000 km2 of glaciated area. It relies on a limited suite of input variables for glaciers in the region: elevation, temperature, temperature lapse rate, melt factor, and surface area. Three global gridded climate datasets were used to determine the bounds of temperature at each glacier: UEA CRU CL 2.0, UEA CRU TS 2.1, and NCEP/NCAR 40 year reanalysis. The PDD melt model was run using four different melt scenarios: mean, minimum, maximum, and randomized. These scenarios account for differences in melt volume not captured by temperature, and take uncertainties in all input parameters into account to bound the possible melt volume. The spread in total melt volume from the model scenarios ranges between 27 km3 and 439 km3. While the difference in these calculations is large, it is highly likely the real value falls within this range. Importantly, even the smallest model volume output is a significant melt water value. This suggests that even when forcing the absolute smallest volume of melt, the glacier contribution to the Indus watershed is significant. In addition to providing information about melt volume, this model helps to highlight glaciers with the greatest contribution to total melt. Despite differences in the individual climate models, the spatial pattern in glacier melt is similar, with glaciers contributing the majority of total melt volume occurring in similar geographic regions regardless of which temperature dataset is used. For regions where glacier areas are reasonably well-constrained, contributions from individual glaciers can be quantified. Importantly, less than 5% of glaciers contribute at least 70% of the total melt volume in the watershed. The majority of these glaciers are in Pakistan, the region with the largest percentage of known glaciers with large surface areas at lower elevations. In addition to calculating current melt volumes over large glaciated areas, this model can also be used to determine future melt rates under differing climate scenarios. By applying suggested future regional temperature change to the temperature data, the impact on average melt rate over the watershed was found to increase from 3.02 m/year to 4.69 m/year with up to 2 °C temperature increase. Assuming glacier area remains relatively constant over short time periods, this would amount to a 145 km3 increase in melt volume.
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Braulik, Gillian T. "Conservation ecology and phylogenetics of the Indus River dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3036.
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The historical range of the Indus River dolphin has declined by 80% since the 19th century and has been fragmented into 17 river sections by construction of irrigation barrages. Dolphin sighting and interview surveys showed that river dolphins persist in six river sections, have been extirpated from ten, and are of unknown status in the remaining section. Logistic regression and survival modelling showed that low dry season river discharge was the primary factor responsible for the Indus dolphins range decline. Abundance of the three largest Indus dolphin subpopulations was estimated using tandem vessel-based direct counts, corrected for missed animals using conditional likelihood capture-recapture models. The entire subspecies was estimated to number between 1550-1750 in 2006. Dolphin encounter rates within the Guddu-Sukkur subpopulation (10.35/km) were the highest reported for any river dolphin and direct counts suggest that this subpopulation may have been increasing in abundance since the 1970s when hunting was banned. The dry season habitat selection of Indus dolphins was explored using Generalised Linear Models of dolphin distribution and abundance in relation to river geomorphology, and channel geometry in cross-section. Channel cross-sectional area was shown to be the most important factor determining dolphin presence. Indus dolphins avoided channels with small cross-sectional area <700m2, presumably due to the risk of entrapment and reduced foraging opportunities. The phylogenetics of Indus and Ganges River dolphins was explored using Mitochondrial control region sequences. Genetic diversity was low, and all 20 Indus River dolphin samples were identical. There were no haplotypes shared by Indus and Ganges River dolphins, phylogenetic trees demonstrated reciprocal monophyletic separation and Bayesian modelling suggested that the two dolphin populations diverged approximately 0.66 million years ago. Declining river flows threaten Indus dolphins especially at the upstream end of their range, and it is important to determine how much water is required to sustain a dolphin population through the dry season. Fisheries interactions are an increasing problem that will be best addressed through localised, community-based conservation activities.
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Shahid, Ayesha M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Reimagining planning of irrigated agriculture in the Indus River Basin, Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111374.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-93).
Faced with rapid resource degradation in the Indus river basin in Punjab, Pakistan, the provincial government of Punjab has identified 'integrated water resource management' as the guiding paradigm for achieving efficient, equitable and environmentally sustainable use of natural resources in the province. However, no clear roadmap for how multi-sectoral, 'integrated' resource management and governance can be operationalized exists. Focusing on irrigated agriculture in Punjab, this thesis uses a combination of historical, institutional and empirical analyses to investigate how 'integrated' food and water planning can be achieved in Punjab. The historical analysis traces how the idea of 'integration' in irrigated agriculture has evolved in Pakistan's colonial history and within the province of Punjab after independence. It reveals that both the departments of irrigation and agriculture have highlighted the need for vertical and horizontal integration within and between the departments throughout their existence. They have experimented with various institutional configurations and many reforms, like the creation of the On-Farm Water Management directorate and introduction of participatory irrigation management, have been implemented in an effort to achieve this integration. The institutional analysis explores how planning is done within and across the provincial departments of agriculture and irrigation. It finds that currently only the provincial tiers are responsible for planning within the two departments while the sub-provincial tiers are responsible for management and operational functions. Coordination between the departments happens by way of the provincial Planning and Development department as the final approver of their proposed plans. Finally, the empirical analysis uses annually collected departmental data to develop metrics that can enable integrated planning of irrigated agriculture. In conclusion, this thesis uses the idea of boundary spanning organizations and objects and builds on the historical, institutional and empirical analysis to propose recommendations for how planning in the Indus River Basin of Punjab can be re-imagined.
by Ayesha Shahid.
M.C.P.
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Khan, Hasan Ali. "Shia-Ismaili motifs in the Sufi architecture of the Indus Valley, 1200-1500 A.D." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2009. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29756/.
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The study of the relationship between Shiism and Sufism is one of the most unexplored areas of Islamic studies, which has traditionally been hindered by the lack of primary sources. This is especially so in the case of Ismailism in the Indo-Iranian world, where that denomination held sway in the latter medieval Islamic era. Fortunately, in the case of the Indus Valley, certain religious ceremonies and a number of monuments common to the medieval Ismaili da'wa (mission) and the associated Suhrawardi Sufi Order, have survived. The comparison of the religious ceremonial at the shrine of the renowned Ismaili missionary Shams, with the iconography found on contemporaneous Suhrawardi monuments yields the covert connection that had existed between them. This was through an astrological framework based on the Persian New Year, and the vice regency and succession of the first Shia Imam Ali, as declared in the last sermon of the Prophet according to all Shiism. The nature and use of this framework is necessarily Ismaili in the Indus Valley. The astrological resonances of All's vice regency and succession to Muhammad were first intercalated by Shams with the local calendar for the benefit of his followers, and subsequently used to create a transcendental multi-faith Islamic system called the Satpanth, or True Path. The application of the Satpanth is found as astrological symbolism on the monuments of the Suhrawardi Order. In addition, an unorthodox monument archetype which is common to the buildings associated with both Ismaili missionaries and Suhrawardi Sufis endorses this connection further. A combination of extant religious ceremonial and iconography, the common monument archetype and a critical re-examination of history with local sources constitutes the methodological process which shows the covert Shia-Ismaili beliefs of the Suhrawardi Order in the Indus Valley. In the present day, these monuments are at risk of being destroyed by the Pakistani state apparatus, which traditionally sees Suhrawardi Sufi heritage in a Sunni light. This pressure has been accentuated in the aftermath of the Afghan War when puritanical elements made inroads into the official bodies which manage these monuments and shrines.
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Manuel, Mark James. "Hidden agendas : testing models of the social and political organisation of the Indus Valley tradition." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1899/.
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Keeler, Elizabeth Louise. "Willamette Valley River Towns and Steamboats." Thesis, University of Oregon, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22967.
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335 pagesThis thesis describes the river towns along the Willamette River in Oregon. River conditions, adaptation of the boats to the river, and steamboat routes shown at ten year intervals illustrate the degree of accessibility of the various towns. Reasons for success or failure in light of factors of site, situation, efforts of townsite promoters or lack thereof are evaluated. Increase in population is used as a measure of success. Orientation to the river was reflected in town plans and location of land uses as sh own in early maps and views.
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Garaci, Michael C. "River terrace development of the lower Saugeen River Valley, Southern Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ40759.pdf.
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Eastman, Edward M. "The Puritan river : heritage of spiritual renewal in the Housatonic River Valley." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com.
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Fetherston, Kevin L. "Pattern and process in mountain river valley forests /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5563.
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Froese, Corey Raymond. "Landslides in the Morkill River Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ28936.pdf.
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Zoll, Mitchell K. "Prehistoric settlement in the upper Wabash River Valley." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864934.
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1989, the Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University conducted a reconnaissance level survey of 550 acres located within and adjacent to the Wabash River Valley in Huntington and Wabash Counties, Indiana. Additional survey was conducted in 1990 and 1991 on areas of expanded right-of-way within the original project area. The field reconnaissance located 188 archaeological sites. Twenty-one of the sites located by those surveys were subjected to archaeological testing.This study examines data from the survey and testing and presents a distribution of sites and human settlement across the study area. The study also develops a site typology which is used to address settlement pattern questions for the study area.Department of Anthropology
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Anderson, Robert T. "The transformation of the upper Ohio River Valley." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2123.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 320 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-259).
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Kim, Gyongtaek. "A study of the Boseong River Valley culture /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072593.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 309-331). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Petrie, Jeffrey M. "Lonesome Valley: Rio Huasco, River of the Atacama." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556691.
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Kim, Gyongtaek 1964. "A study of the Boseong River Valley culture." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11763.
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xix, 331 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT GN855.K6 K56 2002This dissertation explores the development of sociopolitical complexity in southwest Korea's Boseong River Valley. One of the main archaeological tasks currently being pursued in Korea is charting the emergence of complex society there. This dissertation comprehensively reviews the issues and history of research on the subject, then embarks on an analysis of the trajectory towards complexity in a selected region of southwest Korea. A large scale archaeological project in the Boseong River Valley during the 1980s rescued a huge corpus of data threatened by the construction of the Juam Dam project, which has remained undigested, never sufficiently organized or analyzed. I draw on this corpus, organizing and analyzing the data it yields on burial practices and settlement distribution, because these categories of information are particularly useful in examining key research issues. The burial excavations were of unprecedented scope, with 38 1 dolmen graves identified and investigated in 23 locations. Many dolmens have been observed and investigated in Korea, but an excavation sample of this size is unique and presents a rare analytical opportunity. A quantitative analysis of burial furnishings from these dolmens identifies five categories that reflect differing social statuses. Charting the distribution of such burials within the region allows the mapping of zones differentially occupied by persons of varying social status, and the places on the landscape where elite personages were situated. Comparing these patterns with the occurrence of large and small settlements strengthens a picture of a class-differentiated society within the region. Based on this analysis, I conclude that the dolmen period society of the Boseong River Valley had advanced to an intermediate level of sociopolitical complexity. In conclusion, the archaeological evidence is discussed with reference to historical events in the region, as these are known from ancient Chinese and Korean chronicles, to propose an interpretation of the growth of cultural development in the Boseong River Valley in relation to broader developments in southern Korea.
Committee in charge: Dr. C Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Song Nai Rhee; Dr. William Ayres; Dr. Hao Wang
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Guerra, Veronica. "Researching geomorphological heritage of the Marecchia River valley." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2700269.
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Susnik, Janez. "Lahars in the Belham river valley, Montserrat, West Indies." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492931.
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Baker, William Arnold. "Air archaeology in the valley of the River Severn." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315107.
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Pal, Saroj Kumar. "Geomorphology of river terraces along Alaknanda valley, Garhwal Himalaya /." Delhi : B.R. publ. corporation, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374724540.
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True, Lowell, and Dean Bacon. "Report on the Salt River Valley Citrus Experiment Station." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215755.
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Lind, Pollyanna 1970. "Holocene Floodplain Development of the Lower Sycan River, Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10171.
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xv, 203 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Water and pumice accumulated behind a dam that, upon failure, scoured the c1aydominated floodplain and deposited pumice sands across the Sycan Valley. The pumice originated from the eruption of Mount Mazama (approximately 7660 ybp), and dam failure occurred very shortly afterwards. In response to the flood the lower Sycan River underwent episodes of channel aggradation and degradation. This study presents the history of channel evolution for the lower Sycan River from 11,000 years ago to present, based on floodplain stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology. Seven primary periods of channel and floodplain development are identified: I. Early Holocene Dynamic Equilibrium; II: Sycan Outburst Flood; III. Initial Channel Formation; IV. Degradation & Widening; V. Aggradation & Lateral Migration; VI. (Secondary) Degradation & Widening; VII. Modern Dynamic Equilibrium. The active floodplain of the modern lower Sycan River is flanked by terraces of the rapidly abandoned Sycan Outburst Flood deposits.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Patricia McDowell, Chair; Dr. Jim E. O'Connor; Dr. Andrew Marcus
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Sanaiotti, Tania Margarete. "The woody flora and soils of seven Brazilian Amazonian dry savanna areas." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12214.
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This study compares the soils, floristic composition, phytosociological structure and history of seven Brazilian savannas in the Amazon basin: those at Alter do Chao, Amapa, Roraima and SE Humaita are islands in rain forest; and those at Chapada dos Parecis, Redencao, and Carolina are on the periphery (northern border) of the central Brazilian savannas (the so-called 'cerrado'). A total of 26 transects were sampled by the PCQ method (for trees with dbh greater than or equal to 5 cm) and additional tree species were recorded by 'wide patrolling'. A total of 101 species were recorded from the transects and another 43 species were recorded by 'wide patrolling'. Byrsonima crassifolia, B. coccolobifolia, Curatella americana, Salvertia convallariodora and Plathymenia reticulata occurred in most or all sites, but no species occurred in all transects. The number of species in the isolated savannas decreased with the distance from the central Brazilian core savanna area. Both cluster analysis (based on the S0rensen Similarity Index) and ordination (DCA), showed that the disjunct and non-isolated peripheral areas were in floristically distinct groups. Five surface soil samples (0 - 10 cm) were collected from each of the 26 transects. Two soil cores (up to 4 m depth), one located in the savanna and the other from the nearest forest present, were taken from each study site for carbon isotope analysis. All the sites had acidic soils (pH 4.5 - 5.2) and a wide range of concentrations of aluminium (0.12 - 1.49 meq 100g-1); most of the other soil properties varied significantly within study sites. An ordination (PCA) distinguished the soils from Amapa, Alter do Chao, Redencao and Roraima, but did not distinguish the disjunct sites from non-isolated peripheral ones. The soil delta 13C values of all the disjunct savannas indicated a vegetation change in the past from C3 to C4 plants, showing that forest (or at least a vegetation with few C4 plants) formely covered these sites. 14C dating indicated that the disjunct savannas are of relatively recent origin, e.g. Humaita was dated at about 2,000 years BP, and hence that they are not remnants of a more widespread Pleistocene savanna in the Amazon.
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BAIG, MUHAMMAD SOHAIB. "IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE QUANTITY AND TIMING OF RIVER FLOW IN THE UPPER INDUS BASIN, KARAKORAM-HIMALAYA, PAKISTAN." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/265201.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第23429号
工博第4884号
新制||工||1763(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 田中 茂信, 准教授 田中 賢治, 准教授 佐山 敬洋
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Shem, Willis Otieno. "The impact of Congo basin deforestation on precipitation and other climate parameters -(a Common Land Model simulation)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25811.
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Baralle, Marina. "Characterizing the household : a study of vessel use and function for reconstructing the socio-economic organization of a pre-Hispanic community in the Calchaquí Valley, Argentina." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610617.
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Mabry, Jonathan Blum. "Alluvial cycles and early agricultural settlement phases in the Jordan Valley." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186086.
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The parallel development of archaeology and Quaternary geology in several regions of the world is reviewed, and common problems in dating and correlating alluvial sequences are discussed. Buried archaeological remains and radiometric dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence of Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in the central Jordan Rift. While previous studies emphasized a simple, two-stage model of Late Quaternary alluvial deposition, regional comparisons of the geomorphological contexts of archaeological sites of different ages indicate complex, multiple depositional and erosional cycles. These cycles were influenced by tectonism, climatic changes, human land use, and natural geomorphic thresholds, sometimes in combination. The stratigraphy and chronology of early agricultural settlements in the valley are summarized, and investigations at a protohistoric agricultural town are described. Major regional shifts in prehistoric and protohistoric patterns of agriculture and settlement are interpreted in terms of the impacts of changes in alluvial regimes. These correlations have implications for models of agricultural origins, and the stability and resilience of sedentary settlements in dry lands.
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Herrera, Juan. "Quarternary Alluvial Deposition in the Upper Green River Valley, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/422.
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This research describes the alluvial deposits and Quaternary geomorphic evolution of the Upper Green River in Kentucky by documenting the nature of flood plain sediments at two sites along the valley bottom of the Upper Green River between Mammoth Cave National Park and Green River Lake. Field methods employed included stratigraphic descriptions of bank exposures and borings obtained in flood plain surfaces, along with textural and radiocarbon analysis of sediment samples. Sediment samples from boreholes and bank exposures in two study sites (Pitman Creek confluence, -PCC- and Upper Green River Biological Preserve -UGRBP-) were collected and sieved to determine grain size distributions and stratigraphic patterns. Deposits characterized in the study area are predominantly medium to coarse silt, reflecting vertical aggradation, underlain by sands and gravels representing channel deposits associated with lateral channel migration. In collaboration with the Kentucky Geological Survey, additional boreholes were drilled at both sites using a Giddings probe. Stratigraphic sections, radiocarbon dating of buried organic material, and geomorphic observations suggest the existence of three distinctive geomorphic surfaces at PCC study site: a Lower Holocene alluvium (LHA), an Early Holocene alluvium (EHA), and a Dissected Quaternary terraces (DQT). Equivalent LHA, EHA, and DQT units were recognized downstream at the UGRBP study site. During the Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs the Upper Green River experienced periodic entrenchment as evidenced by terraces preserved in the valley (e.g. DQT unit) followed by a renewed period of incision and aggradation stages during the Holocene reflected by alluvial units (EHA) and (LHA). Based on radiocarbon analysis of in-situ organic material, overbank sedimentation rates on the LHA surfaces of 2.5 cm/yr at the PCC site and 1.7 cm/yr at UGRBP study site are estimated for the most recent (-1750-1950 AD) deposits. Radiocarbon analysis of leaves collected from a layer at the base of an island bank exposure at the UGRBP site returned a date of 2300 ± 40 yrs BP. This layer is interpreted as remnants of older deposits incorporated into the modern river alluvium. An increase in sediment deposition rates in the historical period is consistent with increasing sediment supply due to land clearance for agriculture. Since no major Quaternary tectonic activity is reported for the region, it is reasonable to conclude that climate variability is the primary driver of Quaternary river incision and aggradation that are responsible for the valley features. The absence of paleosols in the upper 10 m of the deposits suggests rapid and continuous accumulation of sediment and the lack of stable conditions for soil development. This alluvial chronology of the Upper Green River complements the previous work on the Quaternary environmental and geomorphic evolution of the region. The contribution of new information about the textural trends and geomorphic characteristics of the Upper Green River floodplain deposits is useful to understand present-day river bank stability and sediment loading related to bank erosion. The evidence of accelerated sedimentation over the last 250 years corroborates the importance of land surface disturbance during the settlement of the region by non-native peoples. Key words: Green River, floodplain deposits, radiocarbon, Quaternary.
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Grindle, Trent W. "Return migration, a case study from Swan River Valley, Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0010/MQ53162.pdf.
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Du, Plessis Miemie. "Youth and charismatic Christianity in the Dwars River Valley, Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2431.
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Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The rise in social disorder in South Africa over the last decade and a half has contributed to the increase of non-government organizations moving to the forefront of social problem prevention. Encounter, a new Pentecostal church in the Dwars River Valley served as a beacon of hope to many people. With the developments in the valley that resulted in vast social changes it can be described as an anchor in a sea of instability and uncertainty. At the same time, however, Encounter served as a wave that rocked the boat of the traditional and church-centered village of Pniel. Encounter presented alternative methods of social problem prevention and alleviation for its members. For the purpose of this study, I placed specific emphasis on the intangible, faith-based actions and strategies of Encounter. These intangible methods characteristic of spiritual organizations had a unique influence on the community regarding their perceptions of- and meanings attached to- social problems, social cooperation and social identity. At the same time, conversion and the alternative „access‟ to spirituality (prophecies, healing, demonology etc.) affected individual identities and in many ways led to their social empowerment. Finally, in this study, intangible spiritual interpretations were not only receptive and re-active phenomena, but could also take on the form of intervention and pro-action. Through the use of ritual, intangible beliefs were turned into weapons of warfare. Encounter created a space for the training and use of these „weapons‟. People gathered there to be trained, to observe and to use these weapons with the belief that it would result in immediate change in their lives and in their communities.
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Wessels, Scott. "Late Quaternary Mississippi River Incised Valley Fill: Transgressive Depositional Packages." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1236.
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A series of USACE atlas quadrangles and dee pborings from the USGS and LGS with radiocarbon dated peats were used to construct several regional crosssections and paleogeographic reconstructions. Late Pleistocene glaciation and consequent lowered sea leve lresulted in reentrenchment of the Mississippi River incised valley. Meltwater floods from proglacial lakes incised into older deposits followed by braided fluvial (substratum) aggradation due to reduced carrying capacity after floods followed by meandering fluvial(topstratum aggradation as fluvial gradients and discharge decreased. Rapidly rising sea level prevented development of shelf phase deltas prior to~10ka. Attenuated rates of sea level rise and periodic avulsions led to development and subsequent abandonment of several shelf phase deltas and barrier island arcs as well as gradual encroachment of the top stratum up the alluvial valley as aggradational depositon filled available accommodation space.
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Kaur, Jashandeep. "Corn Response to Sulfur Fertilizer in the Red River Valley." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28777.
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A study was conducted at ten locations in North Dakota and Minnesota in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate corn response to different sulfur (S) application rates and to determine the relationship between corn yield and plant tests. Five S treatments of 0 (check), 11, 22, 33, and 44 kg S ha-1 were applied as ammonium sulfate granular fertilizer. Significant increase in corn yield occurred at only two sites (out of ten sites) in both years. Application of 33 kg S ha-1 (2016) and 44 kg S ha-1 (2017) increased corn yield by 3.4 Mg ha-1 and 1.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Poor correlation was noticed between plant tests (tissue S and N/S) and corn yield. These results indicate that response to S varies from soil to soil and weather conditions may play the most important role in determining the response. Additional research should be conducted using different soils over multiple years.North Dakota Corn Council
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Stephan, Christopher C. "Investigation of Air Moisture Quality in the Ohio River Valley." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416906418.
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Sproule, Brenda (Brenda Jean) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Topoclimate and agriculture in Takhini River Valley, Southern Yukon Territory." Ottawa, 1996.
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Buffington, April J. "Creek/Seminole archaeology in the Apalachicola River Valley, northwest Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003187.
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Volpe, Valeria. "The Cerbalus project: landscape archaeology in the Cervaro river valley." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2020. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/320/1/Volpe_phdthesis.pdf.
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The ‘Cerbalus project: landscape archaeology in the Cervaro river valley’ was
conceived as a landscape archaeology research project, for the investigation of
the Cervaro river valley, located at the borders of Apulia and Campania, in
Southern Italy. The ultimate objective was to reconstruct and narrate the
‘biography’ of this inner, hilly, sub-Apennine landscape, grasping the persistent
elements of identity, the long-lasting territorial marks, and the deep
transformations that arose in specific moments during its historic evolution.
Thus, through the application of a holistic approach based on the integration of
different sources, in a diachronic and global perspective, both the “histoire
événementielle” and the ‘micro-histories’ of the rural human communities settled
in the area throughout the centuries, with their economic and settlement
strategies, were emphasized. Field surveys data, ancient sources, epigraphs,
Medieval chartae, archival charters, ancient and modern cartography, remote
sensing and paleoenvironmental data were all taken into consideration for the
reconstruction of this landscape’s evolution, from Prehistory to Norman era.
The main results of the research refer to an increase of the dataset of the historic
and archaeological data; to the methodology and sources used; and to the
archaeological and historical discussions in a previously uncharted territory.
Indeed, not only the archaeological records of the Cervaro valley was enriched,
from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, but also the combined use of
field, archival, and desktop-based data allowed for the acquisition of a wide set
of information, that will also serve as tools for future developments of the
research. In this work, several historical and archaeological issues are debated,
with a particular attention towards specific turning points: the absence of a
strong and hegemonic Daunian center in the valley and the prevalent Samnite
cultural component, in the archaic period; the inscription of the community of
Vibinum in the Galeria Tribe — mainly attested in Irpinia rather than in Apulia —
; the foundation of the Roman colony probably during Sulla Age as a military
stronghold; the archaeological absence of the Byzantine power in town and in
the countryside, and the prevalence of Lombard’s authority. Moreover, an
analysis of settlement patterns, field-system morphologies, administrative
control, resource production, and infrastructural activity over time was
conducted, outlining the main development trends, between persistence and
discontinuity.
The analysis of the evolution of landscape and settlement patterns of this inner
and boundary area allowed also to reconsider the concept of marginality which
burdened the entire sub-Apennine area in the recent past, as a consequence of
depopulation and social and economic recession. In this respect, this research
may serve also public utility, for cultural landscape preservation, future
landscape planning and the development of cultural tourism.
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Hubert, Erell. "Moche colonial identity in the Santa Valley, Peru." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708919.
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Ritzler, Jacob. "The Jordan River Basin : culture in resource management and conflict." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83145.
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This thesis is a case study of the impact of culture on the management of water resources and the conflict over their usage by opposing riparian entities in the Jordan River Basin. It provides an overview of the historical background to the resource conflict in the area and continues on to examine the development of management institutions. In particular, it examines the impact of Islamic law on the development of water laws and management, paying particular attention to the affect of Islamic law on water usage in Jordan and how in turn this affect is seen in its relations with neighboring states. Its purpose is to create an understanding, through cultural awareness, of the reasons behind the actions of particular states in reference to the cultural differences affecting their actions.
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Freeman, Brett W. "The social organization of ground stone production, distribution, and consumption in the Quijos Valley, Eastern Ecuador." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3244.
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This thesis explores the Quijos Valley ground stone economy in relation to
broader social, political, and economic aspects of the Quijos chiefdoms during the Late
Period (AD 500 – 1500). In particular, this research examines the extent to which ground
stone craft production was a dimension of social differentiation during a period marked
by the greatest sociopolitical transformations. Ultimately, this research suggests that Late
Period ground stone production was an independent and part-time household activity, and
not an avenue of elite aggrandizement. However, aspects of this research have aimed to
show that certain forms of ground stone were important implements of household
maintenance, both socially and economically. This research is embedded within the
Quijos Valley Regional Archaeological Project (QVRAP) and has aimed to contribute to
our understanding of the development of social complexity within this region, as well as
contributing to our understanding of ground stone craft production more generally.x, 244 leaves ; 29 cm
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Meyer, Shavonne. "Landscape history, dispersal, and the genetic structure of amphibian populations." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101625.
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Habitat fragmentation can influence the genetics of a population through the direct loss of genetic diversity, and by the genetic processes that occur as a result of small remnant populations or the geographic isolation of populations. I examined the population genetics of two woodland amphibian species in localities with different land-use histories. The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) and the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) use the same general habitat but differ with respect to a few key life-history characteristics relating to dispersal. I then compared between species the relative influence each land-use scenario had on the population genetic structure. I found that habitat fragmentation affected the population genetics of the two amphibians and did so differently for each species. The differential population genetic response of these two amphibians to habitat fragmentation reinforces the important role of life-history characteristics in how the genetic structure of a population is shaped over time.
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Lovell, Daniel Martin. "Conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water in the Upper Ovens River Valley /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5724.
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Neagley, John P., and Robert T. Jr O'Brien. "Market allocation of agricultural water resources in the Salinas River Valley." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27639.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The current drought conditions that the Central California coast has been facing and the increasing threat of saltwater intrusion have forced the Salinas Valley to consider alternatives that provide for conserving and allocating limited groundwater resources. Currently, groundwater resources are treated as a common pool resource where there are no clearly defined property rights for groundwater and there is no regulation of use. This thesis examines the question of how to implement a market system for groundwater in the Salinas Valley. The study compares a free-market approach of water allocation to other centralized water management practices. This study found that, in theory, the establishment of clearly defined groundwater rights and a free market system for groundwater would be an efficient method to allocate agricultural groundwater resources.
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Neal, Travis Jordan. "Comparison of populations of Achyranthes japonica in the Ohio River valley." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2469.
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TRAVIS NEAL, for the Master of Science Degree in Plant Biology, presented on May 2018 at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. TITLE: COMPARISON OF POPULATIONS OF ACHYRANTHES JAPONICA IN THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. David J. Gibson Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai or Japanese chaff flower is a perennial herb that has a native range throughout southeast Asia but is considered an exotic invasive species in the United States. This species is spreading rapidly through hardwood floodplain forest communities of the Ohio River Valley. Its spread into new locations may provide selection pressure from the environment and result in variation in growth traits. Populations possessing heritable traits favored by the environment are likely to pass these traits on to their offspring, resulting in more highly adapted populations to local conditions. In this study, I investigated variation in traits of six populations of A. japonica across its invaded range. Additionally a comparison of populations from the native range (Japan) and these six invaded sites were incorporated to evaluate shifts in morphological traits upon invasion into novel environments; such as forests heavily invaded by invasive species, agricultural margins, and human-shaped landscapes. Performance of A. japonica was quantified in common garden experiments, both in field and greenhouse settings. Plant functional traits were measured to monitor growth and adaptation in order to identify differences in populations. In the field study, plant height varied among populations across sites located along the Ohio River (F10, 182=15.97, p<0.0001). In the greenhouse common garden experiment, above-ground biomass (F10, 86= 5.51, p<0.0001) and below-ground biomass (F10, 86= 5.05, p<0.0001) were highly variable across populations and soil sources. In the field common garden experiment, there was a population by soil source interaction for above-ground biomass (F10, 71= 1.98, p=0.048), below-ground biomass (F10, 71= 2.45, p<0.0001) and root:shoot ratios (F10, 71= 1.98, p=0.0483). Plants grown in soil collected in Warfield, Kentucky close to the site where A. japonica was first recorded in 1981 produced the most vigorous individuals and the largest plants overall. Each location has different environmental pressures shaping the performance of A. japonica. Samples from Japan and Warfield had a higher degree of variability than populations further along the chronosequence in the invaded range. Functional traits varied in performance related to environmental characteristics and source population. The study determined that performance of A. japonica varies across its invaded range including in response to local soils.