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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indus Waters Treaty

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Academic literature on the topic 'Indus Waters Treaty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Indus Waters Treaty"

1

Mehsud, Muhammad Imran, Malik Adnan, and Azam Jan. "The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iv).01.

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This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.

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Sarfraz, Hamid. "Revisiting the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty." Water International 38, no. 2 (March 2013): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.784494.

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Bhatti, Muhammad Nawaz, Ghulam Mustafa, and Muhammad Waris. "Challenges to Indus Waters Treaty and Options for Pakistan." Global Regional Review IV, no. IV (December 31, 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).27.

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The Indus water treaty was signed on 19th September 1960 by India and Pakistan under the aegis of the World Bank. Bilateral principles regarding water apportionment between both states were ensured by the Treaty. As a result, waters of the eastern rivers; Sutlej, Beas and Ravi, were assigned exclusively to India, while Pakistan received exclusive water rights of the western rivers; the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab but India is allowed to irrigate some specific land in Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir and to generate hydroelectric power through run-off-the river projects. Following the Uri incident, the Indian government and media are generating ideas to discard the Indus water treaty. This paper focuses on legal and international implications if India attempts to unilaterally revoke the Treaty.

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Mantoo, Shahnawaz. "Indus Water Treaty: Past Present and Future." Journal of Global Economy 16, no. 4 (March 20, 2021): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v16i4.601.

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Natural resources are fundamental and imperative for the existence and evolution of human civilizations. Water being most important scarce natural resource has become a contentious political issue in the world. South Asia being a less connected and conflict ridden region, Water related conflicts have been a dominant area of concern. At the time of independence, the boundary line between the two newly created independent countries, i.e. Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Indus Basin, leaving Pakistan as the lower riparian. Dispute thus arose between the two countries regarding the utilization of irrigation waters from existing facilities. The negotiations held under the World Bank, culminated in the signing of Indus Waters Treaty in 1960. The paper will examine the historical background of the treaty; the contentious developments which have arose over the years and will also discuss the Kashmir perspective on the treaty. The paper will also evaluate the present disagreeing arguments of both states over the treaty.

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Akhter, Majed. "Adjudicating infrastructure: Treaties, territories, hydropolitics." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619864913.

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In 2013, an international Court of Arbitration delivered a two-part decision on the legality of the Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Plant, located in the internationally disputed territory of Kashmir. The court was convened under procedures detailed in the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, a landmark international water treaty between Pakistan and India mediated by the World Bank in the 1950s. The Kishenganga case is part of the ongoing hydropolitical competition between Pakistan and India over the use of Indus waters and the development of new infrastructures on the river system. This paper draws on critical water geography and geopolitical theory to guide a close, critical, and contextual reading of competing interpretations of the purpose and objective of the Indus Waters Treaty made during the Kishenganga case. It argues that two specific geopolitical imperatives powerfully shaped the legal strategies of state elites: downstream territorialism and basin developmentalism. Pakistani lawyers drew on the treaty negotiation archives to argue that its primary objective and purpose was the protection of vulnerable downstream territories. Indian lawyers, however, drew on the text of the treaty and the archives to argue the primary objective was the maximum economic development of the Indus Basin. I also discuss the relationship of these imperatives with David Harvey’s influential understanding of capitalist states acting under the dual pressures of the “territorial” and “capitalist” imperatives. By analyzing how geopolitical imperatives shape strategies of treaty interpretation, the paper develops a legal and geopolitical contribution to critical water geography. The paper also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating how treaty negotiation archives represent a rich and underutilized resource for hydropolitical analysis.

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Muhammad Javed, Israr Rasool, and Dr. Ghulam Mustafa. "Water Politics between Pakistan and India: An Analysis." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(195-199).

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Pakistan is blessed with rich natural resources in which water resources are the major ones. Yet the level of this important resource has been reached at an alarming level due to myriad factors such as misuse, mismanagement, and politics in water sectors at both levels national and international. The study is presenting an overview of the state of the Indus Water Treaty, Indus River Basin, and conflict between India and Pakistan in the wake of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). The focus of the study is to reveal the hegemony of India on international waters and its relations with the outer world. Moreover, the research study has presented root causes of the water crisis, hydro politics in the South Asia region, the hegemony of India on international waters. Water management policies and co-operation mechanism is required between Pakistan and India to cope with the challenge of water shortage.

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Tanaka, Yoshifumi. "Note on the Interim Measures in the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 11, no. 3 (2012): 555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341240.

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Abstract On 17 May 2010, Pakistan initiated arbitration proceedings against India before a Court of Arbitration with regard to a dispute arising from the use of the river Kishenganga. The dispute involves the legality of India’s Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Project (KHEP) on the river Kishenganga/Neelam under the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. In the Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration, Pakistan requested that the Court issue an order for interim measures, and, on 23 September 2011, the Court laid down certain interim measures on the basis of Article IX and Paragraph 28 of Annexure G to the Indus Waters Treaty. The Order of the Court of Arbitration addresses certain issues that need further consideration with regard to conditions and functions of provisional measures in the settlement of international water disputes. Thus, this article will seek to examine the Order of 2011 as a case study of interim measures in the settlement of international water disputes.

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Maqbool, Alizeh. "The Indus Waters Treaty: Pakistan’s Case for a Revision." Environmental Policy and Law 47, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-170017.

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Zawahri, Neda, and David Michel. "Assessing the Indus Waters Treaty from a comparative perspective." Water International 43, no. 5 (July 4, 2018): 696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2018.1498994.

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Desai, Bharat H. "Sixty Years of the Indus Waters Treaty in the Era of Climate Change: A Look Ahead in Hydro-diplomacy and Treaty Law." Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-210013.

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The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) has now attained the milestone of 60 years (1960– 2020). It was registered by India with the United Nations on 16 January 1962. It has become a global role model of an international legal mechanism for shared transboundary water resources. It has withstood all the strains, conflicts and lows in the bilateral relations between the riparian states of India and Pakistan. The current trends of global climate change in the Anthropocene epoch have exacerbated the risk of conflict over the shared international freshwater resources under the IWT. The receding glaciers, scanty snowfall, changing land system patterns, increasing demands for water to meet irrigation, industrial and domestic water demands, all have cumulatively made an impact on water availability in the Indus Basin. As the climatic changes induce decline in water flows in the Indus Basin rivers, this study seeks to analyze the actual working of the IWT, efficacy of the in-built conflict resolution mechanism and the sheer tenacity to stay course especially on the part of the large upper riparian country, India. It, in turn, has become an exemplar in a treaty-based mechanism as well as in making hydro-diplomacy work for governance of the transboundary water resources in the era of climate change.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indus Waters Treaty"

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Alam, Undala Z. "Water rationality mediating the Indus Waters treaty." Boston Spa, United Kindom : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.264725.

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Alam, Undala Zafar. "Water rationality : mediating the Indus Waters Treaty." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1053/.

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Nax, Natalie. "Looking to the Future: The Indus Waters Treaty and Climate Change." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20461.

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This thesis aims to challenge the Indus Waters Treaty. The Treaty remains as the governing authority, however there are areas in which it could be improved. One of these areas is how the Treaty will respond to climate change. I argue that due to changing environmental conditions, what made the Treaty so successful in the past will no longer be relevant in the future. This argument is supported by relevant literature reviews of journals and reports done by policy analysts, academics, and water management experts. Additionally, I address the need to mitigate for climate change by explaining the consequences climate change will have on the ecosystem and infrastructure of India and Pakistan. Finally, I examine case studies and make suggestions about the changes that can be made in order to create a Treaty that successfully mitigates for climate change.

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Akhter, Majed. "The Geopolitics of Infrastructure: Development, Expertise, and Nation on the Indus Rivers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311357.

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This dissertation approaches the geopolitics of river infrastructure in the Indus Basin through the structured interaction of "hydraulic regionalism" and "technocratic developmentalism". The former occurs when regional elites feel their access to river resources are threatened by upstream infrastructure development. The latter occurs when technocratic elites underplay the geopolitics of regional vulnerability by stressing the overall integrated development of river resources to maximize utility. The dissertation interprets archival, legal, and ethnographic data regarding the negotiation and adjudication of the Indus Waters Treaty between India, Pakistan, and the World Bank, as well as the implementation of the Indus Basin Development Fund Agreement. The dissertation also analyzes upstream/downstream tension between the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh. The contributions of this dissertation are in the fields of post-colonial state theory, the political ecology/economy of environmental knowledge, the geopolitics of river disputes, and Marxist methodology.

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Safi, Maryam. ""WE ARE FIGHTING A WATER WAR" : The Character of the Upstream States and Post-Treaty Transboundary Water Conflict in Afghanistan and India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445404.

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Transboundary water treaties are often expected to prevent conflicts over waters from shared rivers. However, empirical evidence shows that some upstream countries continue to experience conflict after signing a water treaty. This study explains why some upstream countries experience high post-treaty transboundary water conflict levels while others do not. Departing from theories on the character of states, I argue that weaker upstream countries are more likely to experience post-treaty transboundary water conflict than stronger upstream states. This is because a weak upstream state has fewer capabilities, which creates an imbalance of power with its downstream riparian neighbor and presents a zero-sum game condition. As a result, the upstream state is more likely to experience a high level of conflict after signing an agreement. The hypothesis is tested on two transboundary river cases, the Helmand River Basin and the Indus River Basin, using a structured, focused comparison method. The data is collected through secondary sources, including books, journals, news articles, and reports, government records. The results of the study mainly support the theoretical arguments. It shows a significant relationship between the character of the upstream state and the level of post-treaty transboundary water conflict in the upstream state.

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Books on the topic "Indus Waters Treaty"

1

Indus waters treaty in retrospect. Lahore: Brite Books, 2005.

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2

The Indus Waters Treaty, 1960: Text and analysis. Lahore: Fiction House, 2015.

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3

Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (Colombo, Sri Lanka), ed. River water sharing problem between India and Pakistan: Case study of the Indus waters treaty. Colombo: Regional Centre for Strategic Studies, 2004.

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4

Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency, ed. Indus Water Treaty between Pakistan and India. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency, 2011.

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5

Political and Legal Dimensions Indus Waters Treaty. Oxford University Press, 2018.

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6

Haines, Daniel. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0009.

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This highlights the book’s two key arguments. First, territoriality and sovereignty were central to water politics in the Indus Basin, with control over water flows necessary to both “internal” and “external” sovereignty. Contradictions and compromises in the India-Pakistan negotiations, and in the water dispute’s entanglement with wider geopolitical issues, showed that South Asian territoriality was not fixed, but under construction. Second, the confluence of sovereignty, territory and water in the Indus dispute represented a particular historical moment in decolonization. Both the trajectories of Indian and Pakistani politics, and broader global trends, produced leaderships that were intent on asserting sovereignty over water resources. The Indus Waters Treaty, on the other hand, depended for its success on the political and financial initiative of the United States, World Bank, and other Cold War geopolitical actors. The chapter finishes with a brief reflection on the state of the Indus treaty today.

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Haines, Daniel. The Phantom of Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0008.

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This chapter examines the Indus Waters Treaty’s problematic reputation for symbolising India–Pakistan cooperation. Even though the treaty failed to resolve broader geoplitical tensions in South Asia, the principle of river basin-scale negotiations reappeared in American and World Bank proposals for resolving an India–Pakistan dispute over the Farakka Barrage on the River Ganges in West Bengal and East Pakistan during the later 1960s and 1970s. The spectacular failure of basin-scale negotiation in Bengal, due to Indian policy-makers’ determination not to “compromise” their river-development plans in the face of external pressure, contrasted with the relative success of negotiations over the Indus Basin. The strange afterlife of the Indus Waters Treaty, in which Indian politicians used it as a warning against further cooperation, further demonstrated its historical peculiarity. The treaty is not a model for improving bilateral relations.

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Haines, Daniel. Rivers Divided. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.001.0001.

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The Indus Waters Treaty is considered a key example of India–Pakistan cooperation, but less has been said about its critical influence on state-making in both countries. This book reveals the importance of the Indus Basin river system, and thus control over it, for Indian and Pakistani claims to sovereignty after South Asia’s Partition in 1947. Securing water flows was a key aim for both governments. In 1960 the Indus Waters Treaty ostensibly settled the dispute, but in fact failed to address critical sources of tension. Examples include the role of water in the Kashmir conflict and the riverine geography of Punjab’s militarized border zone. Despite the recent resurgence of disputes over water-sharing in South Asia, the historical causes and consequences of the region’s flagship natural resources treaty remain little understood. Based on new research in South Asia, the United States and United Kingdom, this book places the Indus dispute, for the first time, in the context of decolonization and Cold War-era development politics. Using perspectives from environmental history, political geography, and international relations, it examines the discord over riparian rights at local, national and international levels, arguing that we can only explain its importance and longevity in light of India and Pakistan’s state-building initiatives after independence. In the process, it puts forward a new reading of territoriality in South Asia.

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Haines, Daniel. Sovereignty Entanglements in Kashmir. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0004.

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This chapter argues that Indian and Pakistani constructions of territorial sovereignty on the plains, heavily dependent on their positioning upstream or downstream, differed in the context of Kashmir. Several Indus Basin rivers flow through Kashmir before entering Pakistan. Dominating Kashmir therefore means having early access to river water, and the ability to construct water-control projects such as Pakistan’s Mangla Dam. One reason why India-Pakistan water relationships remain controversial is that the Indus Waters Treaty, representing a very narrow settlement of the water dispute, did not address the geopolitical challenges that Kashmir posed. The chapter therefore shows that competing Indian and Pakistani articulations of the link between water control and territorial sovereignty became even stronger in the context of the Kashmir dispute.

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Haines, Daniel. Negotiating International Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0007.

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Continuing the book’s analysis of the Indus water negotiations in the context of Cold War development politics, this chapter identifies a shift from supposedly “technical” negotiations to talks that had an increasingly ‘political’ tenor. After 1954 the allocation of whole rivers to either India or Pakistan – equating a river’s passage through national territory with sovereign ownership of the watercourse – became the key principle of the Indus settlement. During this period, Western diplomats became more closely involved. It contends that the confluence of Cold War geopolitics and a moment of historical opportunity in South Asia was critical to bringing about the Indus Waters Treaty. It argues for the importance of understanding historical context, rather than relying on international relations models that predict the “inevitability” of conflict or cooperation on international rivers.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indus Waters Treaty"

1

Davidson, Nick C. "Indus Waters Treaty." In The Wetland Book, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_132-1.

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Davidson, Nick C. "Indus Waters Treaty." In The Wetland Book, 551–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_132.

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Misra, Ashutosh. "Bridge over Troubled Waters: The Indus Waters Treaty." In India-Pakistan, 57–80. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230109780_4.

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Magsig, Bjørn-Oliver. "The Indus Waters Treaty: Modernizing the Normative Pillars to Build a More Resilient Future." In Imagining Industan, 69–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32845-4_5.

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Ali, Saima Sabit, and Mansee Bal Bhargava. "Hydro-diplomacy Towards Peace Ecology: The Case of the Indus Water Treaty Between India and Pakistan." In Decolonising Conflicts, Security, Peace, Gender, Environment and Development in the Anthropocene, 591–613. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62316-6_20.

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Raghavan, Pallavi. "Indus Waters." In Animosity at Bay, 117–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087579.003.0006.

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In this chapter, I wish to offer a pre-history to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Since the period that this book covers ends at 1952, and since I wish to situate the discussions around the treaty as a means of implementing the partition, it becomes particularly important to understand the considerations that affected the early stages of the Indus negotiations. I argue that although the Indus Waters Treaty, negotiated under the auspices of the World Bank, was signed only in 1960, over a decade after the partition, many of its clauses had built upon the assumptions that had been formed by 1950. Indeed, by 1951, both the source of the problem—the fear that enough water would not be allowed to flow in to Pakistan from the canals that had been built before the partition—as well as its solution—that new canal networks would have to be developed in a way that would satisfy the separate requirements of both India and Pakistan—were already apparent. The discussions around Indus waters in the years that immediately followed the partition, offer valuable insights into how the implementation of the partition was conceptualized.

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Gilmartin, David. "The Indus Waters Treaty and Its Afterlives." In Blood and Water, 220–52. University of California Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520285293.003.0007.

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"India and Pakistan: The Indus Waters Treaty." In Natural Resources and Conflict, 73–75. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/37cc3ae2-en.

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Zawahri, Neda, and David Michel. "Assessing the Indus Waters Treaty from a comparative perspective." In A River Flows Through It, 67–83. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120223-5.

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Palsule, Vaibhavi. "Revisiting Indus Water Treaty." In Understanding Governance in South Asia, 241–56. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003095149-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indus Waters Treaty"

1

Miner, Mary, Gauri Patankar, David J. Eaton, and Shama Gamkhar. "Water-Sharing between India and Pakistan: A Critical Evaluation of the Indus Water Treaty." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)217.

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