Journal articles: 'Indus'

1

Borah, Kallol. "INDUS." Ubiquity 2005, October (October 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1103072.1103080.

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Borah, Kallol. "Indus." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 41, no. 2 (February 2006): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1137933.1137936.

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Kak, Subhash C. "Indus writing." Mankind Quarterly 30, no. 1 (1989): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.1989.30.1.6.

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Lawler, A. "UNMASKING THE INDUS: Buddhist Stupa or Indus Temple?" Science 320, no. 5881 (June 6, 2008): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5881.1280.

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Nandedkar, R. V., and K. J. S. Sawhney. "Status of Indus-1 and Indus-2 beamlines." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 199 (January 2003): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(02)01546-x.

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Bhawalkar, D. D., G. Singh, and R. V. Nandedkar. "Synchrotron radiation sources INDUS-1 and INDUS-2." Pramana 50, no. 6 (June 1998): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02846039.

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Nandedkar, R. V., and G. Singh. "Indus‐1 and Indus‐2: Indian synchrotron radiation sources." Synchrotron Radiation News 16, no. 5 (September 2003): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940880308603052.

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8

Saini, Sujata, Hiroki Shibata, and Yasufumi Takama. "Construction of Handwritten Indus Signs Dataset Employing Social Approach." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 28, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2024.p0122.

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This paper constructs a dataset of handwritten Indus signs employing a social approach. A writing system called the Indus script was created in the Indus civilization. It has been decoded numerous times throughout the years, but it has not yet been fully deciphered. Due to a lack of information and the scarcity of evidence, the mystery of the Indus signs has not yet been fully solved. Recently, there has been an increase in demand for huge datasets in order to use cutting-edge machine learning techniques. Considering the restricted availability of images of authentic Indus signs, this paper proposes creating an Indus signs dataset by asking participants to draw the Indus signs while referring to the image of the original Indus signs. A web application was developed and used to collect the 44 participants’ handwritten images of ten Indus signs. To show the availability of the constructed dataset, it is used to train convolutional neural networks. The experimental result demonstrates that the model can classify the images of original Indus script with 70% accuracy.

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9

Khan, Fouad. "Down river Indus." Nature Energy 6, no. 8 (August 2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00893-8.

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Possehl, Gregory L., and Michael Jansen. "Die Indus Zivilisation." Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, no. 4 (October 1987): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603389.

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POSSEHL, Gregory L. "Indus-Mesopotamian trade." Iranica Antiqua 37 (February 1, 2002): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ia.37.0.127.

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Lawler, A. "UNMASKING THE INDUS: Trench Warfare: Modern Borders Split the Indus." Science 320, no. 5881 (June 6, 2008): 1282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5881.1282.

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Randhawa, H. S., R. J. Graf, and R. S. Sadasivaiah. "AAC Indus soft white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 4 (July 2015): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2015-026.

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Randhawa, H. S., Graf, R. J. and Sadasivaiah, R. S. 2015. AAC Indus soft white spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 793–797. AAC Indus is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) class. AAC Indus is adapted to the irrigated wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, and for dryland production in the western prairies. AAC Indus had higher (P≤0.05) grain yield under dryland conditions than all of the check cultivars. AAC Indus exhibited excellent straw strength and was 2 d later in maturity. AAC Indus exhibited good levels of resistance to the prevalent races of stripe rust and powdery, mildew and intermediate reactions to kernel black point and leaf rust. AAC Indus was susceptible to stem rust, common bunt, loose smut and Fusarium head blight.

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Smolenaars, Wouter J., Sanita Dhaubanjar, Muhammad K. Jamil, Arthur Lutz, Walter Immerzeel, Fulco Ludwig, and Hester Biemans. "Future upstream water consumption and its impact on downstream water availability in the transboundary Indus Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 861–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-861-2022.

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Abstract. The densely populated plains of the lower Indus Basin largely depend on water resources originating in the mountains of the transboundary upper Indus Basin. Recent studies have improved our understanding of this upstream–downstream linkage and the impact of climate change. However, water use in the mountainous part of the Indus and its hydropolitical implications have been largely ignored. This study quantifies the comparative impact of upper Indus water usage, through space and time, on downstream water availability under future climate change and socio-economic development. Future water consumption and relative pressure on water resources will vary greatly across seasons and between the various sub-basins of the upper Indus. During the dry season, the share of surface water required within the upper Indus is high and increasing, and in some transboundary sub-basins future water requirements exceed availability during the critical winter months. In turn this drives spatiotemporal hotspots to emerge in the lower Indus where seasonal water availability is reduced by over 25 % compared to natural conditions. This will play an important, but previously unaccounted for, compounding role in the steep decline of per capita seasonal water availability in the lower Indus in the future, alongside downstream population growth. Increasing consumption in the upper Indus may thus locally lead to water scarcity issues, and increasingly be a driver of downstream water stress during the dry season. Our quantified perspective on the evolving upstream–downstream linkages in the transboundary Indus Basin highlights that long-term shared water management here must account for rapid socio-economic change in the upper Indus and anticipate increasing competition between upstream and downstream riparian states.

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Sharma, R. S. "Problems of Continuity and Interaction in Indus and Post-Indus Cultures." Social Scientist 28, no. 1/2 (January 2000): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3518054.

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Lawler, A. "UNMASKING THE INDUS: Boring No More, a Trade-Savvy Indus Emerges." Science 320, no. 5881 (June 6, 2008): 1276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5881.1276.

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Shahid, Hamza, Masaya Toyoda, and Shigeru Kato. "Impact Assessment of Changing Landcover on Flood Risk in the Indus River Basin Using the Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation (RRI)." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 7021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127021.

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Flooding is frequent in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, because the Indus River is a confluence point of five rivers. Researchers have primarily focused on the northern parts of the Indus basin and they have reported on simulation models that can be applied to the evaluation of flood risk. However, the inundation risks in the southern parts of the basin, including the impact of urbanization in this region, require a further assessment. The severity of flood disasters in the upper and lower reaches of the Indus basin are equally important because flash floods and riverine flooding pose a threat to densely populated areas. In this work, we aim to simulate flooding and the effects of landcover changes on inundation in the upper and lower Indus basin. Inundation was determined using the Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation (RRI) model with rainfall data from the monsoon season (00:00 UTC 1 July 2015–00:00 UTC 1 September 2015) as the input. After validating the model, sensitivity experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of landcover changes on the inundation of the Indus basin. The RRI model results showed that planting in the bare and vegetated areas led to minimum inundation in the Indus basin. Based on these results, planting between the Indus River and Chenab River could prevent flood disasters downstream of the confluence point as the discharge values reduced from 15,695.2 m3/s to 12,078.3 m3/s and 4373.7 m3/s to 2934.6 m3/s in the Indus River and Chenab River, respectively, before the confluence point. In contrast, urbanization in Punjab increased the risk of inundation after the confluence point caused by an increased discharge from 12,078.3 m3/s to 14,190.4 m3/s and 2934.6 m3/s to 4229.5 m3/s in the Indus River and Chenab River, respectively, before the confluence point.

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Muqsith, Rifqi Akmal, Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto, and Susanti Withaningsih. "Description Of Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, And Body Temperature Of Haliastur Indus In Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center." Media Konservasi 28, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.28.1.69-76.

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Brahminy kite or Halistur indus is one of the protected eagle species in Indonesia. The presence of the eagle in the environment is very important because the eagle is one of many environmental health indicators. Based on the last research of H. indus population in Indonesia, the population of H. indus has decreased due to several factors such as pesticide overuse, destruction of natural habitats, illegal hunting, and illegal trading. Therefore, the conservation programs of H. indus are very important to maintain its population in nature. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of H. indus’s health including heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature who never described on group a group sample in any journal before. The method used in this study was a descriptive method of 15 H. indus in The Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, Garut, West Java, Indonesia. The result of the heart rate measurement of 15 H. indus obtained the mean and standard deviation was 173.467 ± 11.275 /minute, respiratory rate was 76.400 ± 14.065 /minute, and body temperature was 42.570 ± 0.290 ˚C.

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Salomon, Richard, and Asko Parpola. "Deciphering the Indus Script." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 4 (October 1996): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605446.

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Coulmas, Florian, and Asko Parpola. "Deciphering the Indus Script." Language 72, no. 1 (March 1996): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416809.

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Kak, Subhash C. "AN INDUS-SARASVATĪ SIGNBOARD." Cryptologia 20, no. 3 (July 1996): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884960.

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22

During Caspers, E. C. L. "The Indus Valley 'Unicorn'." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 34, no. 3 (1991): 312–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852091x00049.

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23

Crainer, Stuart. "INDUS TOWERS: TOWERING AMBITION." Business Strategy Review 23, no. 3 (September 2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8616.2012.00870.x.

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Buchet, Daniel. "Les indus de prestations." Recherches et Prévisions 67, no. 1 (2002): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caf.2002.1007.

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Allchin, F. R. "An Indus Ram: A Hitherto Unreported Stone Sculpture from the Indus Civilization." South Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1992.9628443.

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Kumar, Suneel, Muhammad Ali, and Pasand Ali Khoso. "Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2020(v-ii).02.

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Indus Valley Civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world dating back to 7000BCE. The explored sites of the civilization span present day Pakistan and India. The following paper explore the Indus Valley Civilization through the sites in Pakistan. The paper highlights feature of various stages of the Indus Valley, for example, Early Food Producing Era (7000-4000 BCE), Regionalization Era – Early Harappan Era (4000-2600 BCE), Integration Era (Early Harappan Phase) (2600 – 1900), Localization Era (Late Harappan Phase) (1900 – 1300), and Indus Valley from 1300 BCE to Present. In doing so, the paper discusses the geography, environment, material culture, subsistence patterns, political and social organization of each era. Finally, it explores the various theories of decline of Indus Valley Civilization, drawing on various sources. In the conclusion, the paper provides recommendations for future focus on the archaeological sites in Pakistan enhance our understanding of the civilizations.

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Amjad Chaudhry, Shahid. "Pakistan: Indus Basin Water Strategy – Past, Present and Future." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, Special Edition (September 1, 2010): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.isp.a9.

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This paper looks at the Indus Basin Water Strategy for Pakistan. It begins with a historical overview of the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS), the Indus Basin Replacement Works (1960-1980) and the Indus Basin Salinity Control Efforts (1960-2000). The paper then looks at the IBIS irrigation and salinity control investments that have taken place over the last decade (2000-2010). The paper goes on to look at the present situation of the IBIS as well as discuss an IBIS strategy for the next decade. Finally, the paper discusses supply side and demand management strategies for IBIS. Overall, the paper concludes that Pakistan should focus on (1) Creating Additional Surface Storage, (2) Preserving surface water (particularly through lining canals), (3) Controlling Groundwater and controlling salinity (by discouraging excessive tube-well use), (4) Encouraging general efficiency of irrigation water use (through improved land management techniques), (5) Enhancing yields through improved farming practices, and (6) Fully meeting the environmental concerns of the Indus Delta, river systems and wetlands.

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Shoket Ali and Amir Ahmed Khuhro. "Indus Water Treaty: Challenges and Prospects." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.67.

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The growing water scarcity in India and Pakistan and emerging climatic and environmental changes to the Indus basin rivers system are causing a great stress on smoothing working of Indus water treaty 1960. Pakistan Being a lower riparian, facing the issue as to how to reinterpret the Indus Waters Treaty without giving up its water rights. The paper discusses that following the inbuilt constraints of a lower riparian, Pakistan need to adopt a multi-pronged strategy following water rationale to secure its water rights within the scope of the treaty. For this; effective implementation and enhancement of Article VI, VII, constructive diplomatic and political strategy,efficient water uses and sustainable water resource management in Indus-Pakistan.

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Condon, Madison, Don Kriens, Anjali Lohani, and Erum Sattar. "Challenge and response in the Indus Basin." Water Policy 16, S1 (March 1, 2014): 58–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.004.

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The authors examine the complex history of the development of the Indus Basin and the challenges faced by Pakistan during the evolution of the Indus Basin Irrigation System and the country's responses to date. The Indus river system must meet the multiple needs of agriculture, energy and flood security. Pakistan's constitutional structure, in which the federation shares overall responsibility for the operation of the Indus with the provinces, poses unique management and implementation challenges. What are the institutional arrangements Pakistan needs to address the challenges to the Indus Waters Treaty it signed with India in 1960? How is the country going to regulate the use of over-abstraction in the basin with the increased reliance on groundwater to maintain agricultural productivity? What are the institutional mechanisms in place to manage increased river flow variations from glacial melt as a result of climate change and for coping with devastating floods? At the same time, is the country maintaining adequate environmental flows to its delta? Provincial mistrust and a lack of institutional capacity underpins the history of the Indus in Pakistan with the Interprovincial Water Accord 1991 serving as a ray of hope on which to build a new institutional architecture of cooperation.

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Kennedy, Kenneth A. R. "Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization:Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization." American Anthropologist 102, no. 2 (June 2000): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2000.102.2.365.

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Rangarajan, L. M., and S. Mahadevan. "Research activities of photolithography by synchrotron radiation from Indus-1 and Indus-2." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 405, no. 2-3 (March 1998): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(96)01064-9.

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Jamir, Opangmeren. "Understanding India-Pakistan water politics since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty." Water Policy 18, no. 5 (March 15, 2016): 1070–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.185.

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On 19 September 1960, the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was signed between India and Pakistan, presumably resolving the conflict of Indus water sharing. Nevertheless, over the years the conflict has re-appeared, dragging both the riparian states into confrontation. This paper explores the reasons that lead to conflict despite the Indus water sharing having already been resolved by the IWT. Analysis of the documentation shows that increasing construction of hydropower projects by India instigates conflict between the riparian states. The paper also analyzes two variables that will actualize the possibility of further conflict if correct steps are not taken. The paper concludes in ascertaining the credibility of the IWT to precisely address the challenges vis-à-vis issues that have resurfaced in Indus water sharing.

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Anwer, Ateeque. "Financial Statement Analysis of Atlas Honda Motors, Indus Motors and Pak Suzuki Motors: Evidence from Pakistan." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00337.

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The basic purpose of this research study that analysis of financial statement. In this research chose the sample of Atlas Honda Motors, Indus Motors, and Pak Suzuki Motors for evidence from Pakistan company. This research is based on secondary data and sample selected different years. Using the different ratio such as ROA, NPM etc. and through the Ratio and Graphic analysis finding are Return on Assets ratio is best of Atlas Honda Motors than the other two companies. The Indus Motors falls in second position and Pak Suzuki Motors is at last position in this competition. Days in Inventory ratio is best of Atlas Honda Motors than the other two companies. The Indus Motors falls in second position and Pak Suzuki Motors is at last position in this competition. Receivable Turnover ratio is best of Pak Suzuki Motors than the other two companies. The Atlas Honda Motors falls in second position and Indus Motors is at last position in this competition. Days in Receivable ratio is best of Pak Suzuki Motors than the other two companies. The Indus Motors falls in second position and Atlas Honda Motors is at last position in this competition. Payable Turnover ratio is best of Indus Motors than the other two companies. The Pak Suzuki Motors falls in second position and Atlas Honda Motors is at last position in this competition. If we compare all these ratios at a collectively then it is clear that the Atlas Honda is best performing among these and is at the top of ratio analysis. The position of Pak Suzuki Motors is at the second number and Indus Motors falls at the third position.

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Sachan, Bandana, Neelam Patel, Gaurav Singh, and Nisar ul_Haq. "A Triumph for the Indus Water Treaty: Transboundary Dispute Resolution in 1960." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.016.

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During the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, at the time of independence from Britain, the borders were drawn with little consideration to water resources. After nine years of negotiations, the Indus Water Treaty was finally signed on September 19, 1960, with the cooperation of the World Bank. This article presents important conflicts between India and Pakistan on sharing Indus water including, Wullar barrage, Baglihar dam and Kishenganga projects and their successful resolution. The treaty has withstood the test of time and has been successful in maintaining peace on sharing of Indus water between not so friendly nations India and Pakistan. The disagreement has been successfully contained by the Treaty’s built-in mechanisms for conflict settlement at several levels, including the Permanent Indus Commissioner, Joint Secretaries, neutral expert, International Court of Arbitration, and UN.

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Kumar, Vinod. "Hindu Temple Architecture in India." Studies in Art and Architecture 3, no. 1 (March 2024): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/saa.2024.03.04.

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Religious edifices in India seems to have developed during the urban phase of Indus Sarasvati or Harappan civilization (3200-2600 BCE) and continuing afterwards, till the sixth century CE. The certain concepts of Gods and human beings have led to the emergence of temple as an architectural body. The relationship of Indus valley’s people with the God or gods can be surmised in conformity with the antiquarian remains discovered in archaeological excavations conducted at the sites of Indus Sarasvati Civilization during the several last decades.

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Zawahri, Neda A. "India, Pakistan and cooperation along the Indus River system." Water Policy 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.010.

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Despite receiving accolades for being the example of cooperation, India and Pakistan's peaceful management of their Indus River system remains largely unexamined. Scholars that do consider this case classify it as passive cooperation. To support their classification, they point to the Indus Waters Treaty's allocation of the river system between India and Pakistan and suggest that it severed the interdependent relationship and need to cooperate. Consequently, this paper seeks to demonstrate that India and Pakistan remain interdependent in managing their Indus River system and for over 40 years, they have sustained active cooperation. To account for the maintenance of this cooperation the paper argues that it is necessary to consider the design of the Permanent Indus Commission, an institution established to manage the Indus River. The ability of Indian and Pakistani commissioners to communicate directly and hold regular meetings permitted them to perform the necessary standard and operating procedures for the functioning of the institution. The commission's ability to monitor development of the river system has enabled it to ease member states’ fear of cheating and confirm the accuracy of all exchanged data. Finally, its conflict resolution mechanisms have permitted it to negotiate settlements to disputes as they arise.

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Sergiev, V. P., and V. V. Kutyrev. "Cholera and the Death of the Ancient Indus Civilization." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 12, 2023): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-95-100.

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The paper presents a hypothesis that the most probable cause of death of the ancient world Indus (Harappa) civilization was the epidemic of Asiatic cholera. A brief description of the Indus civilization that existed for two millennia (3300–1300 BC) is given. It is shown that the previously described factors for the decline of the thriving Indus civilization (climate change, shallowing of the Indus river and reduction in floods, catastrophic floods, drought, economic crisis, etc.) do not provide a consistent and comprehensive explanation of the causes of its death. Meanwhile, the natural environment and peculiarities of agriculture of the Indus civilization (annual floods affecting not only fields, but also sewage systems) created ideal conditions for the spread of water-borne cholera. The evolution of the Asiatic cholera agent is discussed. The results of paleogenomics study of this pathogen and their significance for the reconstruction of evolutionary events are briefly reviewed. The stages of evolution of Vibrio cholerae of the classical biovar are described, and possible mechanisms for the preservation of the pathogen during inter-epidemic period are considered. It is demonstrated that aside from cholera, other catastrophic, destructive epidemics are recorded in the history of mankind.

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Janjua, Laeeq, Atteeq Razzak, and Azeem Razzak. "Lack of Environmental Policy and Water Governance." International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.2021070104.

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In Pakistan, water pollution is a cause of numerous health issue and water stress. The aim of writing this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of industrialization, foreign direct investment, and economic growth along with energy consumption on total suspended solids in the Indus River, which is used as a proxy for water pollution. The authors employed ARDL estimation to achieve the research objective. The findings revealed that in long-run economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows and industrialization have a positive influence on water pollution in the Indus River. Still, on the other hand, due to sustainable energy production, water pollution is falling in the Indus River. At the same time, in the short-run, economic growth causes reduction in total suspended solids, whereas industrialization is still a major cause of water pollution in the Indus River.

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KAK, SUBHASH C. "INDUS AND BRAHMI FURTHER CONNECTIONS." Cryptologia 14, no. 2 (April 1990): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-119091864878.

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Shinde, Vasant. "Padri and the Indus civilization." South Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1992.9628444.

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Lawler, A. "The Coastal Indus Looks West." Science 328, no. 5982 (May 27, 2010): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.328.5982.1100.

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Meenakshi Raja Rao, P., N. C. Das, B. N. Raja Sekhar, S. Padmanabhan, Aparna Shastri, S. S. Bhattacharya, and A. P. Roy. "Photophysics beamline at Indus-1." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 467-468 (July 2001): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00428-4.

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Ruwali, K., V. Thakur, and S. P. Mhaskar. "Quadrupole Magnets for Indus-2." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 14, no. 2 (June 2004): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2004.829682.

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Lawler, A. "UNMASKING THE INDUS: Indus Collapse: The End or the Beginning of an Asian Culture?" Science 320, no. 5881 (June 6, 2008): 1281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5881.1281.

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Ms. Zahida Jabeen. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Indus Basin Water Resources." Khaldunia - Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/khaldunia.v3i1.87.

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Considering the socioeconomic significance of the Indus Basin, the effect of climate change on its water resources is a crucial concern. This study explores the effects of changing climate on the basin, looking at hydrological fluctuations and possible dangers to water supply. With its intricate hydrographic system, the Indus Basin faces difficulties like changing precipitation patterns, retreating glaciers, and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. The delicate balance of water supplies, which is essential for agriculture and a significant driver of the region's economy, is at risk due to these changes. The study highlights the need for adaptive measures by examining the complex effects on infrastructure, food security, and livelihoods. This paper seeks to provide important insights into the complex relationship between climate change and water resources in the Indus Basin, as well as the gaps in the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) under Homer Dixon's Scarcity Model.

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Hasson, S., V. Lucarini, and S. Pascale. "Hydrological cycle over south and southeast Asian river basins as simulated by PCMDI/CMIP3 experiments." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 109–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-4-109-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate how CMIP3 climate models describe the hydrological cycle over four major South and Southeast Asian river basins (Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong) for the XX, XXI, and XXII centuries. For the XX century, models' simulated water balance and total runoff quantities are neither consistent with the observed mean river discharges nor among the models. Most of the models underestimate the water balance for the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong basin and overestimate it for the Indus basin. The only modest inter-model agreement is found for the Indus basin in terms of precipitation, evaporation and the strength of the hydrological cycle and for the Brahmaputra basin in terms of evaporation. While some models show inconsistencies for the Indus and the Ganges basins, most of the models seem to conserve water at the river basin scale up to a good degree of approximation. Models agree on a negative change of the water balance for Indus and a positive change in the strength of the hydrological cycle, whereas for Brahmaputra, Mekong and Ganges, most of the models project a positive change in both quantities. Most of the models foresee an increase in the inter-annual variability of the water balance for the Ganges and Mekong basins which is consistent with the projected changes in the Monsoon precipitation. No considerable future change in the inter-annual variability of water balance is found for the Indus basin, characterized by a more complex meteorology, because its precipitation regime is determined not only by the summer monsoon but also by the winter mid-latitude disturbances.

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Siyal, Altaf Ali, Muhammad Munir Babr, and Pirah Siyal. "Temporal Dynamics of Vegetative Cover and Surface Water Bodies in the Indus Delta, Pakistan." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.13.

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Under the current scenario of diminishing Indus River flows and changing the climate, the Indus Delta, the world’s 5th largest delta which has undergone rapid changes in water bodies and vegetative cover since last few decades, is under serious risk of losing its ecological functions. Assessing the temporal variation in vegetative cover and water bodies of the Indus Delta is essential for the future planning and ecosystem management in this region. The present study quantified the temporal patterns of the surface water bodies and vegetation cover, including crops, mangroves and other natural vegetation in the Indus Delta, by using field survey and remote sensing technique during the last 27 years. Results showed that the area covered by vegetation declined from 3002.35 km2 (22.98% of the entire delta) to 2817.03 km2 (21.56%) from 1990 to 2017, within which the area covered by mangrove forests declined from 1032.49 km2 (7.90%) to 812.55 km2 (6.22%). However, the area of water bodies increased from 1611.67 km2 (12.39%) to 3007.15 km2 (23.8%) in the same period. The reduction in freshwater flow to the delta, surface and subsurface seawater intrusion from the Arabian Sea and irrigation waters are the potential causes. The study would be helpful for policymakers to mitigate negative impacts and protect the ecosystem of the Indus Delta.

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Kuhle, Matthias. "Past glacier (Würmian) ice thicknesses in the Karakoram and on the Deosai Plateau in the catchment area of the Indus river." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.54.1.06.

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Abstract. Es werden geomorphologische und quartärgeologische Gelände- und Labordaten und deren Auswertung zur maximalen würmzeitlichen (ca. 60-18 ka) Vergletscherung von Zentral- und Süd-Karakorum sowie auf dem Deosai Plateau vorgelegt. Sie zeigen, dass der Zentral-Karakorum und seine Südabdachung im Zeitraum zwischen etwa 60 und 20 ka von einem zusammenhängenden, ca. 125 000 km² großen Eisstromnetz mit einer Mächtigkeit von 2400-2900 m bedeckt gewesen sind. Dieses Eisstromnetz ist zum Indus-Gletscher zusammengeflossen. Das Zungenende des Indus- Gletschers reichte bis auf 850-800 m ü. M. hinab. Die Oberfläche des Indus-Eistromnetzes lag in seinem Zentrum bei gut 6000 m ü. M.

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Ali, Sikandar, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Muhammad Waseem, Usman Khalid Awan, and Tasneem Khaliq. "Changes in Snow Cover Dynamics over the Indus Basin: Evidences from 2008 to 2018 MODIS NDSI Trends Analysis." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172782.

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The frozen water reserves on the Earth are not only very dynamic in their nature, but also have significant effects on hydrological response of complex and dynamic river basins. The Indus basin is one of the most complex river basins in the world and receives most of its share from the Asian Water Tower (Himalayas). In such a huge river basin with high-altitude mountains, the regular quantification of snow cover is a great challenge to researchers for the management of downstream ecosystems. In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily (MOD09GA) and 8-day (MOD09A1) products were used for the spatiotemporal quantification of snow cover over the Indus basin and the western rivers’ catchments from 2008 to 2018. The high-resolution Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) was used as a standard product with a minimum Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) threshold (0.4) to delineate the snow cover for 120 scenes over the Indus basin on different days. All types of errors of commission/omission were masked out using water, sand, cloud, and forest masks at different spatiotemporal resolutions. The snow cover comparison of MODIS products with Landsat ETM+, in situ snow data and Google Earth imagery indicated that the minimum NDSI threshold of 0.34 fits well compared to the globally accepted threshold of 0.4 due to the coarser resolution of MODIS products. The intercomparison of the time series snow cover area of MODIS products indicated R2 values of 0.96, 0.95, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.98, for the Chenab, Jhelum, Indus and eastern rivers’ catchments and Indus basin, respectively. A linear least squares regression analysis of the snow cover area of the Indus basin indicated a declining trend of about 3358 and 2459 km2 per year for MOD09A1 and MOD09GA products, respectively. The results also revealed a decrease in snow cover area over all the parts of the Indus basin and its sub-catchments. Our results suggest that MODIS time series NDSI analysis is a useful technique to estimate snow cover over the mountainous areas of complex river basins.

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Shrimali, Krishna Mohan. "Religion, urbanism and the ruling apparatus of the Harappans." Studies in People's History 4, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448917693858.

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The Indus (Harappan) Civilisation having to be interpreted only from archaeological remains, since the Indus script has not been deciphered, the room for speculation has been very wide. The paper examines the variety of interpretations offered and concludes that practically none of them carry conviction.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Indus'

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