Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industria de aceites y grasas'
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Sanaguano, Salguero Herminia del Rosario. "Conversión de los aceites residuales de la industria de alimentos en biodiesel." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7315.
Full textTesis
Martínez, Marcela Lilian. "Extracción y caracterización de aceite de nuez (Juglans regia L.): influencia del cultivar y de factores tecnológicos sobre su composición y estabilidad oxidativa." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/2561.
Full textAborda aspectos relacionados con la caracterización de genotipos de nuez cultivados en Argentina y al análisis de alternativas tecnológicas para la extracción y conservación de aceite. Los resultados indican que las características pomológicas y la composición de los aceites muestran una fuerte influencia varietal, y en menor medida, del año y de la localidad de producción.
Montoya, García Stefhanie Nevenka. "Evaluación para la optimización de los procesos logísticos de entrada mediante la herramienta supply chain management en la empresa Oil Compañía Industrial del Perú S.A.C., Lima - 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2018. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1071.
Full textTesis
Melendreras, Ruiz Fuensanta. "Estudio de la formación de trihalometranos en las fases de elaboración de transformados vegetales y en procesos auxiliares de la industria alimentaria." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/366263.
Full textWater is the most important resource of our planet. Just 0.02% is fresh water, what in addition needs to be extracted and purified for consumption. The scarcity of water in Europe is not particularly severe, not so in Spain and more specifically in the Region of Murcia where droughts are becoming more frequent. The industry consumes a very important part of this resource, where the food industry spends approximately 11% of it. Processed vegetables industries use water on most of its stages of manufacturing and auxiliaries, which results in waste water with high organic load, which is necessary to purify before discharging. Approximately 75% of the water consumed in industry is transformed into waste water, compared with 25% that again joins the product or evaporates. Waters used in the canning industry are reused mainly for auxiliary processes, which implies a disinfection of them. Nowadays, the most widely used method for the disinfection of water is the chlorination, due to the fact that it is not only effective, but also it is persistent and maintains the water protected during all the transportation to the point of consumption. Meanwhile, as we have said before, waste water coming from the canning industry contains a high amount of organic matter, which reacts with chlorine giving rise to disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes are considered to be carcinogenic compounds whose main source of exposure is ingestion, although his volatile nature makes that we should consider other sources such as inhalation and the dermal route. Based on the above, we considered a work to go further into the issue of the exposure to trihalomethanes in the canning industry, so we proceeded to the validation of the analytical method, designing a gas mass chromatography method, quantification was carried out with an of Gases - masses HP-6890 gas chromatograph, fitted with the RTL system, with a multi-positional injection (Gerstel Multi Purpose Sampler-MPS) system and equipped with head space. From the results obtained we can state that the method that we will use for the determination of trihalomethanes in waste water is linear, accurate and precise in the range of established work. According to the stages of manufacture more common in this type of industries, we analyze the waters from the network and wells, coming to the conclusion that these waters in general are free of THMs. The positive results are found in well water chlorinated by the companies themselves. We, then, sampled waters coming from each of the phases of the industrial processing, where in addition to measuring the trihalomethanes, we controlled the levels of residual chlorine and total organic carbon (trihalomethanes precursors ). The results obtained lead us to say that in general, the stages of manufacture of canned vegetables show THMs values that are below the limit established by RD 140/2003, what does not happen with sampled auxiliary stages: purification and cooling after sterilization with cooling towers. After the data obtained we proceeded to focus on these stages, where after a more detailed study we conclude that the values of positive THMs found in the stage of purification (treatment plant output) are due to additional chlorination treatments that certain undertakings were doing for irrigation use. Cooling towers are auxiliary equipment that chills water from sterilization processes to be able to use it again, which implies a chlorination of the same. The type of cooling tower is a factor to consider in the occurrence of THMs, since we find them in those designs where the water has been in contact with the sterilised containers, containing organic matter, not in those designs that carry heat exchangers partners and therefore there is no contact between chlorine and organic matter. At the same time, this work shows that high values of THMs are produced by a poor maintenance of the towers. In general, we can state after this work, that the values of THMs found in the study are low, so there is not a high risk of exposure for this type of industries, but we also have to note that there are alternative treatments to reduce the exposure ranging from the removal of organic matter by filtration treatments to the use of other types of disinfection or a combination of both.
Giron, Bailetti Jahaira Jiadira, Quintana Jessica Joannie Marroquin, and Valverde Ana Gabriela Arca. "Análisis de capacidades en el desarrollo de nuevos productos para el crecimiento de una pequeña empresa. Caso: Superalimentos del Perú S.A.C." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13143.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Ortecho, Jáuregui Katia Fiorella. "Propuesta de mejora en el proceso de distribución de una empresa de aceites y grasas lubricantes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273410.
Full textTesis
Cueva, Bravo Lucía Cristell, Llerena Paola Andrea Nóblega, and Chávez Norka Fiorella Sevilla. "Caracterización del proceso de innovación de productos : estudio de caso único en la industria peruana de aceite comestible." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13144.
Full textTesis
Quiroz, Ostos Ana María. "Diseño de la cadena de valor de la producción del aceite de palta peruana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14768.
Full textSoto, Olaya Juan Raúl. "Estudio estratégico para una planta productora de aceite de pepas de uvas." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18401.
Full textTrabajo de investigación
Rivera, Gavidia Yuri Waldo. "Vigilancia tecnológica e inteligencia competitiva para identificar oportunidades y amenazas a la producción y exportación de productos peruanos de sacha inchi." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13497.
Full textA technological watch is applied to the exportable supply of Peruvian sacha inchi products in order to identify opportunities that Peru can take advantage of to improve its product offer and the detection of threats that may affect its current and favorable positioning in international markets. To perform the technological surveillance, the method proposed by Fernández et al. (2009) was used. This is based on the processes of selective dissemination of information used by professionals in information science in academic or specialized libraries. The results revealed threats to the production of Peruvian sacha inchi as the low impact of Peruvian scientific production in generating a competitive advantage for the development of new export products, especially against China and other countries in the region such as Brazil and Colombia. It also identified the limited use of intellectual protection tools, such as patents and registered trademarks that, rather, are used by other countries such as Canada, the United States, China, and other Asian countries to ensure the commercialization of their innovative products in the most important markets of the world.
Tesis
Diéguez, Raúl. "Planta de tratamiento de aceites y grasas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143417.
Full textEl presente plan de negocio está enfocado en la instalación de una Planta de Recepción y Tratamiento de Aceites y Grasas Vegetales y Animales en la Región Metropolita, para satisfacer la demanda interna de Disal Chile, (empresas dedicada a la gestión de servicios ambientales) proveniente de actuales y futuros clientes. Como una segunda derivada de la planta, se comercializará el subproducto resultante del proceso de tratamiento de los aceites y grasas, subproducto que se utiliza fundamentalmente como combustible para otros procesos productivos. En una segunda etapa, si la demanda de la empresa (Disal Chile) estuviera cubierta totalmente, se analizará la posibilidad de extender el servicio a otras empresas del rubro. La planta de tratamiento de Aceites y Grasas cubrirá la necesidad de tratar y disponer Grasas y Aceites provenientes de distintas procesos productivos e industrias. Hay una gran cantidad de actividades que generan aceites y grasas vegetales y animales, principalmente Súper-Mercados, Retail, Industrias de alimentos, Industrias Cerveceras y Vitivinícolas, Hoteles y Casinos, entre otros. En todas estas industrias, se les exige que sus residuos deben ser dispuestos de acuerdo a la normativa vigente y en lugares autorizados, actualmente, si bien existen plantas que realizan este servicio, se estima que la demanda es mayor a la oferta. Actualmente la capacidad de recepción de aceites y grasas en la RM no supera las 190.000Ton/año, siendo fundamentalmente dominado el mercado por tres empresas, Catemito, Armony e IdeaCorp, según los estudios realizados, la necesidad real debería ser mayor a este numero, dado que actualmente muchas empresas disponen este tipo de residuos como un residuo liquido mas (en plantas de tratamiento de aguas) y no hacen la diferencia dado su contenido graso, fundamentalmente por que no hay fiscalizaciones duras que desincentiven esta practica, sin embargo, todas las empresas de un cierto tamaña y ambientalmente responsables, si cumplen con esta normativa. Como se mencionó anteriormente, hoy en día existen alternativas de disposición final para este tipo de residuos, pero la demanda estimada es mayor a la oferta actual, sin embargo, la principal propuesta de valor que entregaremos, es el proceso que realiza la planta, es decir, la forma de tratar el residuo, ya que en este caso, la tecnología que posee nos permite transformar estos residuos grasos en un nuevo insumo o materia prima para otros procesos, es decir, en el fondo, no hay disposición final de residuos, si transformación de estos. Esta característica le permite a cada cliente generar “0” residuos, atributo muy valorado en algunas industrias y compañías internacionales, las cuales están tendiendo a propiciar economías circulares.
De, La Cruz Rodríguez Eduard Ruber, and Gutiérrez Juan Orlando Huamán. "Formación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y del 3,4-Benzopireno en aceites comestibles alterados por recalentamiento." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2002. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2002/cruz_re/html/index-frames.html.
Full textIn the present study of investigation, the presence of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons and – 3,4 – benzopyren in thermoxidized edible oil was setermined; for which samples of oils from establishments where a great deal of fritters are elaborated were took: poultry, crullers, roast-pork stands and chifas from Metropolitan Lima. The oil samples were took in forty-one representative points from Lima (District), selected because of their great commensal affluence around the day.. The analysis of the samples was made in the Laboratory of Toxicology and Legal Chemistry from Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of the UNMSM. The study of these substances of great carcinogenic potency was made on the basis of the technique described in the Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC. The analysis of the toxicologic quality control of the reheated oils was made on base to the Peruvian Technic Standars, the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC, and Techniques established by the American On Chemist Society; the following controls were made: Carbonyls value Polar compounds percentage Fatty acids index Polymeres percentage Iodine index In the determination of the cancerigena subtances in oil samples not altered by reheat, we fouded benzo(a)piren at a concentration of 22.36 ug/kg, while in reheated samples was 15.42 ug/kg. This disminution in benzo(a)pireno concentration maybe during in elevated temperatures in frying, let that benzo(a)pireno is loosed from oil and was part of the smoke with elevated level of contamination and represents a serious danger to public wheater
Agrada, Casaverde Marilia Verenise. "Estudio de pre-factibilidad para implementar una planta de producción de aceite esencial de limón para exportar a Estados Unidos." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7826.
Full textTesis
Mendoza, Canales Luis Ignacio. "Aislamiento y selección de hongos lipolíticos a partir de aceites vegetales de desecho (proveniente de frituras) utilizados en la elaboración de biodiesel." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/872.
Full text--- Most vegetable oils used for frying foods then become waste oils (used edible oils).This waste product untreated is discharged usually on rivers, canals or the sea causing contamination. The treatment of waste oils with lipolytic microorganisms capable of the bioconversion these oils in products of interest such Biodiesel, is recent and little studied. Therefore, in this work were isolated lipolytic fungi from 6 samples of waste vegetable oil from frying. Two methods were used: one of them corresponds to the methodology standardized by the American Public Health Association (APHA), but modified for the purposes of this research and was called: modified APHA Method, and the other one using the minimum salt Czapek Dox (3% lipid substrate) that is called: Czapek Method. The ability to produce lipases was tested “in vitro” when cultivated on Czapek Agar (pH 6.3) with 3% lipid substrate as sole carbon source: Test of Lipolysis (PL). 123 strains were isolated, of these 105 were lipolitic fungi: 55 got with the modified APHA Method and 50 with Czapek Method. Of these, only 9.52% (10 strains) were able to complete degradation of the lipid substrate Czapek Agar (3%). 8 belonging to the genus Penicillium, 1 to Aspergillus and 1 to Geotrichum. The remaining showed degradation halo low to 1 mm and diameter of colonies less than 0.5 cm. In the modified APHA Method using petroleum ether as diluent alternative influenced to isolate smaller number strains than with the use of phosphate buffer. However, with the ether was isolated from two of the three genera of fungi with greater capacity for lipolysis (Penicillium and Geotrichum). There weren’t significant differences when used ether as an additional diluent in Czapek Method, only the genus Penicillium isolated within the group of the most lipolytic reported in this investigation. Key words: lipolytic fungi, lipase, waste oil, modified APHA Method, Czapek Method, petroleum ether
Tesis
Loja, Herrera Pedro Modesto. "Estudio técnico económico preliminar para la obtención de aceite comestible a partir de semillas de maracuyá." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3160.
Full textTesis
Paredes, Medina Luis Alberto. "Estudio de catalizadores del sistema Ni-Cu soportado en arcilla y alumina en la reacción de hidrogenación del aceite girasol." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1060.
Full textTesis
Huamán, Gutiérrez Juan Orlando, and Rodríguez Eduard Ruber de la Cruz. "Formación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y del 3,4-Benzopireno en aceites comestibles alterados por recalentamiento." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1098.
Full textIn the present study of investigation, the presence of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons and – 3,4 – benzopyren in thermoxidized edible oil was setermined; for which samples of oils from establishments where a great deal of fritters are elaborated were took: poultry, crullers, roast-pork stands and chifas from Metropolitan Lima. The oil samples were took in forty-one representative points from Lima (District), selected because of their great commensal affluence around the day.. The analysis of the samples was made in the Laboratory of Toxicology and Legal Chemistry from Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of the UNMSM. The study of these substances of great carcinogenic potency was made on the basis of the technique described in the Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC. The analysis of the toxicologic quality control of the reheated oils was made on base to the Peruvian Technic Standars, the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC, and Techniques established by the American On Chemist Society; the following controls were made: Carbonyls value Polar compounds percentage Fatty acids index Polymeres percentage Iodine index In the determination of the cancerigena subtances in oil samples not altered by reheat, we fouded benzo(a)piren at a concentration of 22.36 ug/kg, while in reheated samples was 15.42 ug/kg. This disminution in benzo(a)pireno concentration maybe during in elevated temperatures in frying, let that benzo(a)pireno is loosed from oil and was part of the smoke with elevated level of contamination and represents a serious danger to public wheater.
Tesis
Carhuancho, Fabían Greiz I., and Carrillos Wilfredo Córdova. "Investigación fitoquímica del aceite esencial de Eugenia myrtomimeta "Arrayan"." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101282.
Full textGodinez, Viacava Juan Carlos. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la implementación de una planta de biodiesel a base de aceites usados en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5196.
Full textTesis
Bacilio, Ruiz Jhan Carlo. "Estudio del estado del arte para la extracción de aceite vegetal a partir de semilla de granada." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16074.
Full textTorres, Nájera Sofia Regina. "“AISLAMIENTO E IDENTIFICACIÓN DE BACTERIAS DE UNA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES PARA DEGRADAR GRASAS Y ACEITES”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/123456789/13924.
Full textAzabache, Carrillo Juan Gonzalo, and Carhuancho Edmundo Ladislao Esteban. "Sistema de gestión de información del Departamento Técnico y Laboratorio en la fabricación de aceites y grasas lubricantes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/577025.
Full textTesis
Cocio, Pulgar Claudia E. "Estudio de la distribución del aceite en rodajas de papa frita." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105493.
Full textRUBI, JUAREZ HUMBERTO 104736, and JUAREZ HUMBERTO RUBI. "Tratamiento combinado electrocoagulación-electrooxidación de aguas residuales oleosas provenientes de servicios de lavado y engrasado." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/79959.
Full textCONACYT
Moreno, Pérez Ana Adoración. "Técnicas enológicas de frío y enzimáticas aplicadas a la extractabilidad de Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon y Monastrell." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120429.
Full textThe aim of this work was to implement different enological techniques to optimize the extractability of phenolic and aromatic compounds from grape skin to evaluate their influence on young red wine quality. Partial objectives: To apply low pre-fermentative temperature techniques (cold maceration, must freezing with dry-ice and freezing grapes) and macerating enzymatic techniques (commercial enzyme and natural β-galactosidase enzyme) in winemaking of Syrah, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Monastrell, comparing the results with a control wine. To evaluate the influence of the techniques on the chromatic, phenolic, aromatic and sensorial wine characteristics at the end of alcoholic fermentation, at the moment of bottling and six months after bottling. To implement low pre-fermentative temperature techniques and macerating enzymatic techniques during the vinification of Monastrell wines from four different areas belonging to two Origin Denominations (D.O. Jumilla and D.O. Bullas), to assess their influence on wine quality comparing the results with a control wine. Material and methods: The study was carried out during three different seasons. In 2007 and 2009, grapes from Vitis Vinifera L. cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Monastrell were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Jumilla. In 2008 grapes from Vitis Vinifera L. cvs Monastrell were harvested from four different areas (Cañada del Judío, Cañada de Albatana, Montealegre del Castillo and El Chaparral). Grapes were harvested into 20-kg boxes and transported to the winery. Three cold treatments, two enzymatic treatments and a conventional vinification were made in 100-L tanks. All the vinifications were made in triplicate. Cold maceration treatment: Tanks containing the crushed grapes were introduced into a camera at 10ºC for 7 days. After that, the tanks were introduced in the vinery, selected yeasts were added and the winemaking was carried out as a conventional vinification. Must freezing with dry-ice: Dry-ice was added directly into the tank, mixing it with the crushed grapes, using 30 Kg of dry-ice per each tank. When the must was without ice (2 or 3 days) the winemaking continued as a conventional vinification. Freezing grapes treatment: The grapes were introduced into a freezer camera and the temperature was first set al -4ºC for 12 hours and then the grapes were maintained at -10ºC for 3-5 hours. The freezing grapes were crushing and destemming, and then the winemaking was made as a conventional vinification. Treatment with a commercial enzyme: After crushing, commercial enzyme (Enozim Vintage, Agrovin) was added at 5g/100Kg of grapes. Then the winemaking continued in a traditional way. Treatment with a natural enzyme: After crushing, natural β-galactosidase enzyme was added at 1g/100Kg or grapes. Then the winemaking was carried out as the conventional vinification. Maturity and phenolic parameters (anthocyanin, flavonol and proanthocyanidin composition) were analyzed in grapes at the moment of harvesting. Chromatic, phenolic, aromatic (fusel alcohols, acetates, esters, acids and C6 compounds) and sensorial wine parameters were analyzed at the end of alcoholic fermentation, at the moment of bottling and six months after bottling. Results: • Low prefermentative treatment and maceration enzymatic treatment influenced positively on the extraction of phenolic compounds and on the chromatic, aromatic and sensorial characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah wines when the grapes of these varieties showed a low maturity index (2007), but no significant effects were detected when grapes showed a higher maturity index (2009). • Monastrell wines were no significantly affected by the treatments, but important differences were observed between Monastrell wines elaborated from grapes of the different areas in 2008. Terroir effect had a high influence on Monastrell wines.
Ruiz, García Yolanda. "Elicitores : una herramienta para incrementar el color y el aroma de uvas y vinos." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286328.
Full textA la hora de evaluar la calidad del vino se tienen en cuenta tres aspectos principalmente: el color, el sabor y el aroma. El color y el sabor se deben a la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, mientras que el aroma a la presencia de compuestos volátiles procedentes de las uvas, de la fermentación o del envejecimiento del vino. Los compuestos fenólicos y volátiles son metabolitos secundarios producidos por las plantas a través de diversas rutas metabólicas. Su producción puede ser respuesta a un estímulo externo estresante de tipo abiótico o biótico, ya que algunos de ellos pueden actuar como defensas químicas contra patógenos o herbívoros y su síntesis se ve aumentada tras un ataque. Sin embargo, la síntesis de estos compuestos de interés puede ser activada incluso cuando el estímulo no está presente con el uso de elicitores. Éstos son sustancias que cuando se aplican exógenamente desencadenan las rutas de biosíntesis de compuestos de defensa. Varios estudios han demostrado que el mecanismo involucrado en la respuesta de la planta tras el uso de elicitores implica un aumento en la concentración de compuestos polifenólicos y volátiles. Por ello, el principal objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es, determinar el efecto de la aplicación de elicitores en el momento del envero en uvas de la variedad Monastrell sobre los niveles de ciertos compuestos de interés enológico como son los compuestos fenólicos y aromáticos en uvas y si este incremento, si existe, permite mejorar la calidad de los vinos obtenidos. Basándonos en estas premisas, se ha diseñado una experiencia de tres años para determinar el efecto de los elicitores benzotiadiazol (BTH) y metil jasmonato (MeJ), tanto en su aplicación por separado como conjunta, y la hormona vegetal ácido abscísico (ABA) en la concentración de compuestos fenólicos y volátiles en uva y sus vinos correspondientes. Los tratamientos se aplicaron en las siguientes dosis: 0,3 mM de BTH, 10 mM de MeJ y 1,5 mM de ABA en forma de espray en el momento del envero, tres y seis días después. Tras la vendimia, la uva fue analizada en sus parámetros fisicoquímicos y su contenido en polifenoles y compuestos volátiles. Igualmente se elaboraron vinos con las uvas tratadas y sin tratar como control, para comprobar si el efecto observado en las uvas se veía reflejado también en su vino correspondiente. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento pre-cosecha de uvas con BTH conllevó mejores resultados con respecto a la composición fenólica de uvas y vino que con MeJ, mientras que MeJ aumentó los niveles de estilbenos y compuestos volátiles de uva y vino. Estas diferencias pueden estar relacionadas con la respuesta defensiva que cada elicitor desencadena. Un nivel aumentado de compuestos fenólicos puede ser tóxico para microorganismos que se estén alimentando de la planta y limitar su acción, mientras que un alto nivel de estilbenos y terpenos puede limitar a los herbívoros y patógenos invasivos. Los terpenos también pueden servir como señales que se transportan por el aire para disuadir herbívoros, ataque por predadores y participan en la señalización entre plantas. Sin embargo, algunos estudios han mostrado que la respuesta de las plantas a elicitores no depende solo de la variedad sino también del clon. A fin de determinar si hay un efecto clon en respuesta de las vides al tratamiento con elicitores con respecto al contenido fenólico, aplicamos BTH y MeJ a un viñedo con una colección de seis de los clones más importantes de la variedad Monastrell. Este análisis mostró que, en general, los dos elicitores aumentaban los niveles de compuestos fenólicos en las plantas tratadas, aunque el grado de respuesta difería entre los clones de la misma variedad. Considerando el tratamiento conjunto de BTH y MeJ, nuestros resultados indican que su uso aumenta positivamente las características cromáticas de los vinos resultantes, de forma similar que cuando se aplicó BTH por separado. Por otro lado, el aroma de los vinos elaborados con las uvas tratadas con BTH+MeJ fue aumentado de forma similar que cuando se aplicó MeJ por separado. Al contrario de lo esperado, y a pesar de que no se observó un efecto negativo, nuestros resultados parecen indicar que la aplicación conjunta de BTH y MeJ no sirve para optimizar las dos líneas de acción. Los resultados observados pueden ser importantes para la planta, ya que una de las consecuencias más destacadas del uso de elicitores exógenos es la reducción de la incidencia y severidad de la infección por mohos, como se ha demostrado en varios estudios. Considerando que el MeJ es un metabolito de origen natural en la planta y que el BTH es translocado y degradado en el tejido vegetal y, por tanto, no se esperan problemas de persistencia y residuos, los dos productos se pueden considerar una estrategia interesante para proteger la viña, como una alternativa o complemento a los tratamientos con fungicidas, aumentando al mismo tiempo, el contenido fenólico. Sin embargo, es importante indicar que estos primeros resultados deben ser completados con estudios respecto a la dosis utilizada, los momentos de aplicación y las posibles interacciones entre la uva y las condiciones climatológicas que pueden suponer diferentes resultados.
When evaluating the quality of wine, three main aspects have to be considered: color, taste and aroma. Color and also taste, although to a lesser extent, are due to the presence of phenolic compounds, whereas the aroma of wines is due to the presence of volatile compounds, which origin may be the grapes themselves, the fermentative process or the aging processes. Phenolic and volatile compounds are secondary metabolites of grapes. Plants produce a wide variety of this type of metabolites through diverse biosynthesis pathways and their production is sometimes a response to external stimuli, either environmental or biotic stresses. Some of them may act as chemical defences against pathogens or herbivores and their synthesis is increased when the attack exists. However, it is remarkable that the synthesis of these interesting compounds can be activated even when the stimulus is not present, with the use of elicitors. These are substances that mimic or are the naturally occurring substances that when applied exogenously trigger the biosynthetic pathways conducting to the synthesis of these defence compounds. Several studies demonstrated that the mechanism involved in the response of the plant after the use of elicitors implied an increased concentration of polyphenol and volatile compounds. For these reasons, the main objective of this PhD thesis is to determine the effect of the application of elicitors at veraison in Monastrell grapes on the level of oenological compounds such as fenolic and volatile compounds in grapes and wine. Based on these premises, we designed a three years experience to determine the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJ) applications both separately and jointly, and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on the concentration of phenolic and volatile compounds in grapes and their corresponding wines. The treatments were done in the following concentrations: 0,3 mM de BTH, 10 mM de MeJ y 1,5 mM de ABA as spray at veraison, three and six days later. After harvest, the grape was analyzed for physicochemical parameters and its content in polyphenols and volatile compounds. Wines were elaborated from such grapes for determine if the effect, if any, was also reflect in the corresponding wine. The results showed that BTH treatment of preharvest grapes generally led to better results as regard the phenolic composition of grapes and wines than MeJ treatment whereas MeJ largely increased the levels of stilbenes and grape and wine volatile compounds. These differences may be related with the defence responses that each elicitor triggered. An increased level of phenolic compounds may be toxic for the feeding microorganisms and limit their action, while an increase in stilbenes and terpenes may limit herbivore and pathogen invasion because of their toxicity. Terpenes may also serve as airborne signals that deter herbivores, attract predators and act in plant-to-plant signaling. However, some studies had shown that the plant response to elicitors depends not only on the grape variety but also on the clone. To determine a possible effect of the clone in response to elicitors’ treatments on phenolic content, BTH and MeJ have been applied to a selection of six of the commercially most important Monastrell clones. Such analysis showed that, in general, the two elicitors increased the phenolic content in treated plants, but the degree of response was different from one clone to another from the same variety. Considering the combined treatment of BTH and MeJ, on one hand, our results indicate that the use of such combination positively increases the chromatic characteristics of the resulting wines, in a similar way to when BTH was applied separately. On the other hand, the aroma of the wines elaborated with BTH+MeJ treated grapes were increased in a similar way to when MeJ was applied separately. Contrary to expectations, and although a negative effect was not observed, our results seem to indicate that the combined application of BTH and MeJ did not serve to increase both lines of action. The results observed may be important for the plant since a reduced incidence and severity of gray mold infection is one of the most outstanding consequences of the use of exogenous elicitors, as demonstrated in several studies. Taking into account that MeJ is a naturally occurring plant metabolite and BTH was detected to be completely translocated and degraded in plant tissues, and therefore, no persistence or residue problems are expected, both products could be considered an interesting strategy to protect the vine, as an alternative or complement to fungicide treatments, increasing, at the same time, the phenolic content of the grapes. However, it is important to indicate that these first results should be completed. Further investigations must be done specially regarding doses, moments of application and grape-environment interactions that may exist and may make a difference on the results.
Deustua, Stahr Jorge Emiliano. "Caracterización de compuestos epicuticulares del árbol Triplaris americana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14295.
Full textGuerrero, Riquelme Iván Roberto. "Desarrollo de un sistema de interesterificación enzimática para la obtención de bases grasas con bajo porcentaje de ácidos grasos trans." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105461.
Full textSe ha estudiado la aplicación del proceso de interesterificación enzimática, con la finalidad de desarrollar un sistema que permita la obtención a escala industrial de bases grasas alternativas, que contengan un bajo porcentaje de ácidos grasos trans (AGT). Las materias primas utilizadas fueron mezclas de aceite de pescado “full” hidrogenado (AFHP) con aceite vegetal líquido (AVL) para la mezcla con base pescado, y aceite vegetal “full” hidrogenado (AFHV) con AVL para la mezcla con base vegetal. El catalizador empleado fue una lipasa 1,3 específica al 4% y 70 ºC. Las variables estudiadas fueron: % de materia prima en la mezcla (AFHP o AFHV) y tiempo de reacción. El efecto se midió sobre las variables punto de fusión (PF) y contenido de sólidos grasos (CSG) a diferentes temperaturas. Se aplicó un diseño factorial bidimensional en tres niveles, 32, como diseño de optimización del proceso, encontrándose como resultado un tiempo de reacción de 5 horas (tiempo máximo) para ambas mezclas y una proporción de 43,9% para AFHP en la mezcla con base pescado y 36,8% para AFHV en la mezcla con base vegetal. Se establecieron los modelos matemáticos para PF y CSG a diferentes temperaturas. Se determinó el contenido de AGT mediante IR y GLC, estructura cristalina por microscopía de luz polarizada, características texturales mediante análisis de compresión y cambios en el contenido de triglicéridos para la base vegetal mediante HPLC
The enzymatic interesterification process has been applied with the purpose to develop a system for obtaining alternative fatty bases with low percentage of trans fatty acids (AGT) for industrial production. The raw materials used were full hydrogenated fish oil (AFHP) and liquid vegetal oil (AVL) for the fish blend and full hydrogenated vegetal oil (AFHV) with AVL for the vegetal blend. The catalyst used was 4% 1,3 specific lipase, temperature 70 ºC. The variables studied were: % of raw material in the blend (AFHP or AFHV) and reaction time. The effect was measured by melting point variable (PF) and solid-fat content (CSG) at different temperatures. A 3 levels factorial bidimensional design, 32, for process of optimization was applied. The results were maximum reaction time 5 hours for both mixtures and a proportion of 43.9% for AFHP in the fish base mixture and 36.8% for AFHV in the vegetal base mixture. The mathematical models for the PF and CSG at different temperatures were established. AGT, crystalline structure, textural characteristics and changes in the triacylglicerol content for the vegetal blend were determined by IR and GLC, polarized light microscopy, compression analysis and HPLC, respectively
Pariona, Mendoza Nancy. "Obtención de los ácidos grasos del aceite de la Plukenetia volubilis L. "Sacha Inchi" para la utilización en la industria y estudio fitoquímico cualitativo de la almendra." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2115.
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Bardales, Valeriano Albert Pabel, and Custodio Sandra Solange Casas. "Evaluación de alternativas de financiamiento para implementar una planta procesadora de biodiésel a partir de aceites usados y grasa animal, en la provincia de Chiclayo 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2156.
Full textTesis
Riquelme, Coloma Iván Alberto. "Interesterificación Química de Grasa Animal y Aceite de Nuez." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105516.
Full textFernández, Fernández María Pilar. "Desarrollo de métodos rápidos para la detección de alicyclobacillus spp. en materia prima destinada a la elaboración de bebidas y zumos de frutas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369565.
Full textAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a thermoacidophilic, spore-forming bacterium that grows to a temperature between 26 and 60 ºC (with an optimal rank of temperature 42-53 ºC) and in a pH rank of 2,0 to 6,0 with optimal values between 3,5 and 5,0. It is a thermoresistant bacterium that can grow in acidic food, including fruit juices and drinks, and it means a great problem for the industry of this sector, since the deterioration in the juices by this microorganism is not noticeable on the final product as it grows without gas formation but it originates unpleasant tastes modifying the product, like "a taste of medicine". Its detection gives rise to difficulties at the quality departments, given that several days are necessary for the obtaining of results by the traditional microbiological methods. For that reason, it is highly important the development of quick methods which allow to control Alicyclobacillus in the raw materials used in the food industry, guaranteeing in this way the absence of this microorganism on the final products, fruit juices and drinks. At the present Doctoral Thesis the general aim has been to study the application of two quick methods (electrical impedance and RTi-PCR) for the detection of Alicyclobacillus spp. in different raw materials used in the juice industry. For that, the raw materials (concentrated grape juice, concentrated apple juice, concentrated pineapple juice, concentrated orange juice, peach-nectarine purée, pear purée and orange pure juice) were inoculated with spores Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris isolated from a peach and grape juice, and with a reference strain of the same. At the first experience, different heat treatments were tried out (80 ºC/10 minutes, 70 ºC/20 minutes and 60 ºC/30 minutes) for the spore germination to vegetative forms, with no significant differences in the Alicyclobacillus counts to the different concentrations of inocula nor in the recovery percentages. It is for that reason that it was selected the heat treatment of 80 ºC/10 minutes in order to employ in this way less time of analysis. The electrical impedance technique valid for Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris detection was the indirect method, which registered the changes in the impedance of the environ (%M) via the transformation of CO2 derived from the metabolic pathway of the guaiacol by Alicyclobacillus, being the BAT broth the most adequate culture medium for the determination of this microorganism. On the contrary, it was not detected growth by direct electrical impedance. For each one of the raw materials, concentrated grape juice, concentrated apple juice, concentrated orange juice, peach-nectarine purée, pear purée and orange pure juice, it was developed a valid method for the detection and quantification of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris by indirect electrical impedance for a value of %M = -10, achieving high correlation coefficients and corrected variance, higher to the 0,8, not only for the experiment carried out with an isolated strain from a commercial peach and grape juice and identified as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, but also for that one carried out with a reference strain of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. The validation of this method compared to the method of classical microbiology with BAM Agar resulted satisfactory with values of R2 > 0,9 for each one of the matrixes mentioned. However, for the concentrated pineapple juice this method didn’t allow an adequate quantification, as it was obtained low correlation between the variables detection time by impedance and logarithm of the colony-forming units quantified by traditional plating with BAM Agar, as for the study carried out with the isolated strain as in that one carried out with the reference strain. In addition to this, this method either could be validated with the classical method of microbiology with BAM Agar for obtaining a very low value of variance, R2 =0,366. With the RTi-PCR technique is possible to determine the concentration of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in all the raw materials used in this study and destined to the manufacturing of fruit juices and drinks, obtaining values of R2 > 0,9 with an established value of CT < 40 and with a detection limit of 200 ufc/mL in all the cases, even in that of the concentrated pineapple juice, as opposed to the technique by electrical impedance. The intrinsic characteristics of chemical composition analysed in the samples: ºBrix, pH, glucose, fructose, sacarose, water soluble pectins, organic acids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, had no influence in the growth of Alicyclobacillus spp., not observing differences in the growth of the microorganism among the samples, with the exception of the concentrated pineapple juice. In the case of the pineapple juice, the results obtained in the indirect electrical impedance method could be related to the phenolic composition of this juice that is characterized by a high content in lignans, compound considered as fungi antimicrobial and some pathogenic bacteria, which could inhibit the growth of Alicyclobacillus and, therefore, the synthesis of guaiacol and the CO2 formation.
Amor, Espín Mª Jesús del. "Colonización gastrointestinal por enterobacterias en niños sanos: influencia del tipo de alimentación." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298168.
Full textThe microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem comprising several hundred species of microorganisms, including bacteria most. The establishment and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in the newborn is a complex process influenced by both internal factors and external factors such as gestational age, mode of delivery, hospitalization, geographical differences, antibiotics, and fundamentally, type infant feeding (Fanaro et al., 2003). This microbiota, although it has significant benefits for human health can behave under certain circumstances, as potentially pathogenic given the ability of these microorganisms to invade the host and cause different infections and diseases (Guarner and Malagelada, 2003). On fecal flora of healthy infants, including gram negative bacilli colonizing the intestinal tract, and specifically between belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli is usually the predominant species, although other species may be isolated as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Proteus spp. etc. (Adlerberth et al., 1991). This study was conducted in order to know the pattern of colonization by Enterobacteriaceae from birth to approximately three months, and observe the possible influence of diet (breastfeeding, and two infant formula market, one enriched).
Ruiz, Facho Linda Susan, Romero Jessica Fiorela Huamán, Romero Jessica Fiorela Huamán, and Facho Linda Susan Ruiz. "Plan de negocios para la instalación de un centro de acopio de aceite comestible usado por pollerías de Chiclayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/69.
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Rodríguez, Bonilla María Pilar. "Molecular nanoencapsulation of stilbenes by cyclodextrins : study of biochemical, chromatographic and antioxidant applications= Nanoencapsulación molecular de estilbenos por ciclodextrinas: aplicaciones bioquímicas, cromatográficas y antioxidantes." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/363919.
Full textINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In recent years the growth of the functional foods industry has increased research into new compounds with high added value for use in the fortification of traditional products. One of the most promising functional food groups are those enriched in antioxidant compounds of a lipophilic nature. As a result, in this thesis are required for the design of functional foods rich in various types of stilbenes, molecules that have been shown to have large beneficial properties for health research is proposed. In spite of the numerous advantages reported for such antioxidant molecules, they may also have disadvantages that impede their use in functional foods, although these problems may well avoided by the use of encapsulant agents such as cyclodextrins. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is the nanoencapsulation of different stilbenes by cyclodextrins in order to increase firstly, its stability against various physical and chemical agents and, secondly, the solubility of the more hydrophobic derivatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methodology is based on fluorimetric and chromatographic assays for characterization of the formation of inclusion complexes of various stilbene (oxyresveratrol, resveratrol pterostilbene and pinosylvin) with different types of natural and modified cyclodextrins. Have also been used different methods, ORAC, ABTS and FRAP, to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of stilbenes, in the absence and presence of cyclodextrins. Finally, we have used a molecular docking. CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion of this thesis is have been encapsulated different stilbene (oxyresveratrol, resveratrol and pterostilbene pinosylvin) through different types of cyclodextrins, which opens the opportunity to use these important bioactive compounds in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. In addition we have demonstrated the utility of nanocomplex stilbene/cyclodextrin in areas such as chromatography, enzymology or antioxidant activity.
Alarcón, Rodríguez Francis Pamela. "Desarrollo de metodologías analíticas para la determinación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en alimentos grasos mediante espectroscopia de fluorescencia y calibración multivariada." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113444.
Full textLos hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs), generados por combustión incompleta de materia orgánica, presentan particular interés debido a sus características cancerígenas y/o mutagénicas. Para el ser humano una de las vías de exposición a los PAHs es el consumo de alimentos grasos como los aceites vegetales. Los principales problemas de la determinación de PAHs en estas matrices oleosas son su baja concentración y la presencia de diversos interferentes. En general, su determinación involucra extracción seguida por “clean-up” y posterior análisis cromatográfico, lo que significa consumo de tiempo y solventes. En esta investigación se estudió el potencial analítico de la extracción líquido-líquido asistida por microondas con extracción en fase sólida (MAE-SPE) asociado a espectroscopía de fluorescencia, para desarrollar un método rápido de “screening” y un método de cuantificación con el objetivo de detectar simultáneamente siete PAHs de alta masa molar (228-278 g mol-1) en aceites comestibles de oliva extra-virgen (OEV) y maravilla refinado (MR). Los compuestos estudiados fueron: benzo[a]antraceno, benzo[b]fluoranteno, benzo[k]fluoranteno, benzo[a]pireno, dibenzo[a,h]antraceno, benzo[g,h,i]perileno e indeno[1,2,3-c,d]-pireno. Para el desarrollo del método de “screening” los datos de fluorescencia de una vía (a una longitud de onda), dos vías (espectros de emisión) y tres vías (matrices de excitación-emisión, MME) fueron utilizados para construir los calibrados de concentración total de PAHs, aplicando regresión lineal simple, mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) y mínimos cuadrados parciales desdoblados (U-PLS), respectivamente. El método de cuantificación fue desarrollado utilizando calibración de segundo orden, aplicando mínimos cuadrados parciales desdoblados acoplado a bilinearización residual (U-PLS/RBL) y análisis de factores paralelos (PARAFAC), asociados a matrices de excitación-emisión. El grupo de tocoferoles y pigmentos (clorofila y feofitina) presentes en los aceites fueron los principales interferentes en la detección de los PAHs por espectroscopía de fluorescencia, observándose solapamiento espectral parcial y fenómenos de filtro interno en el intervalo de longitudes de emisión de los analitos. La eficiencia para remover estos interferentes utilizando extracción en fase sólida en distintos adsorbentes (sílica, C-18, carbón grafitizado no poroso-CGNP- y fase mixta de CGNP con aminopropil sílica) fue estudiada, encontrando que sílica era la fase más eficiente para eliminar pigmentos y tocoferoles, permitiendo detectar claramente la presencia de los PAHs en los aceites comestibles a través de espectroscopía de fluorescencia. Las recuperaciones individuales de los PAHs luego de aplicar MAE-SPE fueron obtenidas mediante HPLC-FLD, con resultados satisfactorios (62-84%). Los límites de detección (LOD) alcanzados por el método de “screening” (expresados como concentración total de PAHs) dependieron del uso de datos espectrales de una, dos o tres vías y estuvieron comprendidos entre 0,79 y 7,0 μg kg-1. La mejor sensibilidad analítica (0,24 μg kg-1) y el menor LOD (0,79 μg kg-1) fue alcanzado aplicando U-PLS a los datos de tres vías. En el método de cuantificación, U-PLS/RBL resultó ser el mejor algoritmo aplicado para resolver la mezcla de PAHs en presencia tanto de matrices oleosas de gran complejidad (aceites de OEV y MR) como de PAHs inesperados. Los límites de detección obtenidos con este método estuvieron entre 0,07 y 2,0 μg kg-1 y las concentraciones predichas por U-PLS/RBL fueron satisfactoriamente comparadas con las obtenidas por HPLC-FLD. Por lo que el método propuesto es comparable y competitivo con el método cromatográfico, siendo sus principales ventajas la reducción considerable del tiempo de análisis y el consumo de solventes. Finalmente, el método propuesto fue aplicado a 21 muestras reales incluyendo muestras comerciales de aceites de OEV, oliva puro (OP) y MR. Ninguna de las muestras de aceite de MR presentó PAHs a niveles de concentración detectables. Sólo en tres muestras de aceite OEV se detectó la presencia de un PAH (BkF). Las concentraciones predichas por el método propuesto fueron comparables con las obtenidas por el método cromatográfico. La muestra de aceite de OP fue la única que presentó más de un analito (BaA, BbF, BkF y DBahA) y sobre-exigió al modelo en las predicciones de BaA y BbF. La gran diferencia en la composición química de un aceite de OP y un OEV o MR provocó la mala descomposición de los datos.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mostly formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter, stand out mainly by their carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. For humans one of the routes of exposure for PAHs is the intake of fatty food such as vegetable oils. The major problems in the determination of PAHs in oily matrices are the diversity of potential interferences present in the matrix and the low analyte levels. Most of the methods for determination of PAHs usually implicate an extraction step, followed by clean-up and finally a chromatographic determination, which involve solvent and time consumption. In this study, the suitability of microwave assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled to solid phase extraction (MAE-SPE) and fluorescence spectroscopy was investigated to develop a rapid screening and quantification method for the simultaneous determination of seven high molecular weight PAHs (228-278 g mol-1) in extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) and sunflower oil (SO). The studied compounds were: benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]-pyrene (IP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP). For the develop of the screening method fluorescence data of one (one wavelength), two (emission spectrum) and three way (excitation emission matrix, EEM) were used to build the calibration models for total PAHs concentrations, applying simple linear regression, partial least squares (PLS) and unfolded partial least square (U-PLS), respectively. The quantification method was performed using second order calibration applying unfolded partial least square coupled to residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), associated with EEMs. Tocopherols and pigments (chlorophyll and pheopytin) present in oils were the principal interferences on the PAHs detection by fluorescence spectroscopy, observing partial spectral overlap and inner filter effects in the emission of analytes. The efficiency to remove the interferences from oil using solid phase extraction on different adsorbents (silica, C-18, graphitized carbon black -GCB- and dual phase GCB-aminopropyl silica) was studied. The results demonstrated that only silica was efficient enough to remove pigments and tocopherols, allowing the correct detection of PAHs in edible oils by fluorescence spectroscopy. The individual recoveries of PAHs after the application of MAE-SPE were obtained by HPLC-FLD, with successful results (62-84%). The limits of detection (LOD) achieved for the screening method (expressed as total concentration of PAHs) depended on the use of one, two or three way spectral data. The LODs were between 0.79 and 7.0 μg kg-1. The best analytical sensitivity (0.24 μg kg-1) and LOD (0.79 μg kg-1) were achieved applying U-PLS to three way fluorescence data. In the quantification method, U-PLS/RBL was the best algorithm applied to resolve the mixture of PAHs in presence of both complex oily matrices (EVO and SO) and other unexpected PAHs. The LODs obtained were between 0.07 and 2.0 μg kg-1 and the concentrations predicted by applying U-PLS/RBL method were statistically comparable to those provided by the reference HPLC-FLD technique. Hence, the proposed method using here is comparable and competitive to chromatographic method, being their main advantage the reduction of both time of analysis and solvent consume. Finally, twenty one commercial samples of EVOO, pure olive oil (POO) and SO were analyzed using the proposed method. None of SO samples exhibited PAHs at detectable concentrations. Only in three EVOO samples one PAH was detected (BkF). The predicted concentrations by the proposed method were similar compared to those obtained using the chromatographic method. Exclusively POO sample exhibited more than one PAH (BaA, BbF, BkF and DBahA) and the model was unable to predict the concentration of of BaA and BbF concentrations. The great difference between the chemical composition of POO and EVOO or SO produces bad data decomposition.
Conicyt
Férez, Melgarejo Gema. "Nuevos métodos de pretratamiento de muestra para el análisis de alimentos mediante cromatografía líquida." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146286.
Full textThe results obtained by studying different instrumental combinations, namely liquid chromatography (LC) as the separation technique and diode array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) using API ion source (ESI and APCI) and TOF analyzers and IT for quantification are presented. These techniques have been further coupled with different treatment procedures of the sample based on the principles of "green chemistry" as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). Thus different methods of analysis for the determination of a large number of toxic organic compounds such as melamine and its derivatives, fungicides, insecticides and cytokinins, as well as other compounds of interest including macrocyclic lactones in foods are proposed. New procedures for the determination of other chemicals such as nucleotides and polyphenolic compounds are also proposed. LC was always used, and different stationary and mobile phases as solvents including water, methanol, acetonitrile and mixtures thereof, as well as solutions of acids and buffers were tested. Both isocratic or gradient elution modes were considered. The ion pair chromatography allowed the separation of five authorized monophosphate nucleotides, namely CMP, UMP, AMP, GMP and IMP. The new procedure has been successfully applied to the analysis of a variety of baby foods and/or functional and cereals, including a study of the stability of the nucleotides in acidified dairy foods. Cation exchange LC has allowed the monitoring of the presence of MEL and derivatives thereof (AMN, AMD and CA) in foods. Although DAD allows the determination of MEL and AMN, this form of detection is not suitable for CA and AMD. MS detection allows accurate quantification of the four analytes, also improving sensitivity. Dual detection mode for LC separation of seven polyphenols, phenolic acids three and four HTS pomegranate juices and in different parts of the fruit and pomegranate, providing high sensitivity is proposed. Finally, further progress in integrating multiple links online and combinations of techniques and analytical sample preparation, such as SPE- DLLME for the determination by LC-DAD-APCI-IT-MS/MS of five neonicotinoid insecticides in honey are also studied.
Verde, Ramirez Elizabeth Liz. "Síntesis y caracterización de resinas alquídicas largas en aceite de sacha inchi (Plukeneteia volubilis L.) aplicadas para pinturas artísticas." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15004.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of long alkyd resins, using as a raw material sacha inchi oil (70% w / W). The resins were synthesized by polyesterification with pentaerythritol and phthalic anhydride or isophthalic acid, by two methods; alcoholysis and acidolysis. Long alkyd resins in flaxseed oil were synthesized by both methods for comparative purposes. Physicochemical properties of the resins were evaluated, such as acid number, viscosity, density and color. In addition, the obtaining of alkyd resins was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques of FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The synthesized resins were applied on glass and canvas, and the influence of the concentration of the cobalt surface secant on the drying time was studied. Finally, the thermal properties of the alkyd resins obtained were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that long alkyd resins in sacha inchi and flaxseed oils have similar physicochemical properties. However, a favorable effect of isophthalic acid on the acid number, viscosity and color of the resins, compared to phthalic anhydride, is observed. Long alkyd resins in sacha inchi oil have lighter colors than their similar ones based on flaxseed oil. Films obtained from synthesized resins have similar drying times. Sacha Inchi-based resins showed slightly greater thermal stability than flaxseed oil-based resins.
Tesis
Cardenal, Reyes Ignacio Roberto. "Plan de negocios para la importación y comercialización de aceite de maní en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/140767.
Full textLa creación de una empresa que comercialice aceite de maní tiene como principal objetivo satisface una necesidad creciente en Chile con un producto diferente, alternativo y a bajo costo comparativo y competitivo, siendo como materia prima el maní como poseedor de alto porcentaje de aceite y de un sin número de cualidades nutritivas y la suavidad de su sabor. La metodología empleada en el estudio cumple a profundidad cada una de las etapas de un proyecto, que se enfocan en responder las inquietudes de la toma de decisión de emprender un negocio orientado hacia la importación y comercialización de aceite de Maní en Chile. Dentro de los resultados encontrados el aceite del maní por sus propiedades, su proceso de elaboración y de los principales productos de preferencia en el Mercado Chileno Gourmet siendo una amenaza media-alta según M. Porter tiene una potencialidad que por medio de todas las investigaciones necesarias podemos convertir sus deficiencias en fortalezas y oportunidades. En base a una posible demanda potencial de las diversas presentaciones posibles ofertadas, su inversión inicial de $10,390,000, creamos un presupuesto de costos e ingresos que permiten tomar la decisión si el proyecto puede ser factible, bajo dos tipos de escenarios, concluimos que el proyecto a pesar de reducir las ventas o aumentarlas la rentabilidad TIR será mayor o igual que cero, mayor o igual que el costo de oportunidad, Valor Actual Neto mayor o igual a cero, y una recuperación a 2 años y 4 meses de la inversión inicial. Como conclusión indicamos que después de una larga investigación bajo una metodología exhaustiva de campo y de análisis hay una potencialidad en comercializar el aceite de maní en el Mercado Chile, donde como recomendación es que el común denominar para entrar al mercado será darlo a conocer y crear un hábito de consumo en el mercado.
Villanueva, Coz Maria Virginia Del Pilar. "Efecto de una dieta con grasa "light" sobre el tejido adiposo, hepático e intestino de ratas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1859.
Full textObjective: To determine the effects caused by fatty acids comprised in oil and fats commercially designated as “light” on adipose, liver, and intestinal tissue of Albino rats, as well as possible liver enzyme alterations in these animals. Design: Prospective, longitudinal, experimental, and randomized study. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 30 Wistar male rats, 21 days old, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The animals in group (A) received a diet comprising a 33% fatty acid content from vegetable oils, Group (B) received the same fatty acid content from a “light” oil, and Group (C) received a 33% fatty acid content from “light” margarine. Results: Weights of the animals increased during the whole experiment (Group A, 593%; Group B, 586%; and Group C, 624%). Body composition of animals in Group C (fed with “light” margarine) revealed a high water content, 146%; low protein content, 17,74 %, and a low lipid content, 12,05% compared to body composition in groups A and B. Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity (E.C. 2.7.1.40) and that of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) in Group C had a 0,8 u/g improvement compared to Group A. Lactate dehydrogenase levels (E.C. 1.1.1.27) was reduced in Group C (438,7 u/g), and 6-phosphogluconatedehydrogenase levels (E.C. 1.1.1.41) increased in Group B (1,3 u/g). Lipid peroxidation in Group C animals had a 117.96% increase when compared to those of Group A (100%) and B (104.63%). Liver protein concentrations were increased in Group B (0,86 g/dL) Liver tissues of Group c animals had lower individual hepatocyte volumes, with a high degree of water infiltration, and isonucleosis, poikilonucleosis and fat infiltration. Adipose tissue had a higher individual volume. In intestinal tissues from Group C animals, both Paneth and cylinder-shaped cells lost their usual appearance, and they had more histological deterioration compared to intestinal cells from Groups A and B animals. Conclusions: Rats fed with diets including fatty acids from “light” vegetable margarine had alterations in their body composition, they also had variations in enzyme concentrations and lipid peroxidation, as well as morphological changes in liver, adipose, and
Tesis
Huamán, Romero Jessica Fiorela, and Facho Linda Susan Ruiz. "Plan de negocios para la instalación de un centro de acopio de aceite comestible usado por pollerías de Chiclayo." Bachelor's thesis, Chiclayo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/349.
Full textLopez, Vazquez Carlos Manuel 0000-0002-4250-347X, and Vazquez Carlos Manuel Lopez. "Evaluación y optimización de la eficiencia de los separadores convencionales de aceites para los talleres de servicio para autos." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/80339.
Full textCONACYT y UAEMex
Bell, Cortez Carlos Alejandro. "Estudio químico analítico de la grasa de iguana verde (Iguana iguana)-efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio sobre lesiones inducidas en ratas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/275.
Full text-- The cicatrizant effects were evaluated, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial of the fat of Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) of pregnant female coming from the district of Castilla, county of Piura, department of Piura (Peru). The fat demonstrated that to dose of 0,55 mL / kg (via topical) has healing activity and whites evidences of to attenuate and/or to erase scars on lesions induced in rats; also showed to have property anti-inflammatory mediating edema induced by xyleno in mouse ear. The microbiological results demonstrated little significant microbial activity. The chemical analytic study revealed: total (12%) proteins, albumin (6,4%), úrea (0,05%), Fe (1ppm), Al (2ppm) and Cr (2ppm). An analysis of composition of fatty acid carried out by gas-liquid Chromatography in column showed the following acids: myristic (0,9%), palmitic (28,9%), palmitoleic (6,2%), hexadecatrienoic ω4 (0,2%), stearic (7,0%), oleic ω7 (4,0%), oleic ω9 (34,9%), linoleic ω6 (5,2%), linolenic ω3 (9,7%), arachidonic (0,1%), gadoleic ω9 (0,5%), eicosadienoic ω6 (0,1%), eicosatrienoic ω3 (0,3%), araquidonic ω3 (0,1%), araquidonic ω6 (0,1%), docosapentaenoic ω3 (0,1%). Also, the vitamins E were investigated by HPLC and vitamin A by the technique of USP XXVIII being concluded that the iguana fat doesn't contain these vitamins. Regarding their DL50 it is innocuous, the test of cutaneous sensibility and sharp reactivity in rabbits it indicates that it is not irritating to the skin for what we would be before a matter source prevails natural with a great potential for their employment in dermatology. Keywords: Fat of Green Iguana, Piura, healing Effect, anti-inflamatorio Effect, antimicrobial Effect, Study chemical analytic, Dermatology.
Tesis
Espinosa, Vicente Míriam del Carmen. "Envasado, conservación y desarrollo de nuevos productos de dorada (Sparus aurata)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308669.
Full textThis Doctoral thesis consists of five chapters, oriented to the study of strategies that help diversify the aquaculture sector through conservation processes and new product development from seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets. The overall objective of this PhD thesis was the implementation of strategies and technologies to increase conservation of fresh and cooked seabream fillets (Sparus aurata). To accomplish this general objective the following specific objectives were raised. • Evaluate the effect of time and ozone concentration during immersion of seabream fillets in ozonated water over the microbiological and texture quality of the fish. • Evaluate the effect of packaging (vacuum and modified atmosphere) on the microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory quality of seabream fillets stored under refrigeration. • Developing a new product based with seabream cooked by sous vide technology. • Study the effect of packaging (bag and trays) on the microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory qualities of sous vide seabream. • The effect of treatment of high pressure on the microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory quality of seabream sous vide. In Chapter I the effect of ozone as a bactericidal agent in the microbiological quality of fresh seabream fillets were evaluated. The study consisted of immersion the fillets in ozonated water with different ozone concentrations (0.35, 0.50 and 0.75 mg l-1) for 10 minutes and extending the time of immersion of the fillets, 20 and 40 minutes with a concentration of 0.30 mg l-1. The microbiological quality of water (counts to 22 °C and 36 ° C, Coliforms, E. coli, Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens) and fish (total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, S. aureus, Coliforms, E. coli and Pseudomonas spp.) and analysis texture profile (TPA) were carried out in the different samples to observe any changes as a result of such exposure. Based on the results obtained, ozone was effective in sterilizing the water network of an aquaculture industry in all the concentrations used, completely eliminating the microbial load. However, the concentrations used in the water and prolonged exposure times, do not significantly reduced the initial microbial load in seabream fillets, not thereby improving the microbiological quality of the fillets. In Chapter II, the effect of the type of packaging, modified atmosphere (40% CO2, 30% N2, 30% O2) and vacuum packaging, in order to increase the shelf life of seabream fillets was studied. During 14 days of storage, the samples were stored in display case at 3 ± 1 ° C reproducing marketing conditions. During the control days, were carried out physical-chemical analysis (pH, WHC, TBARs, TVBN, TMA and colour), microbiological (total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, E.coli, Pseudomonas spp., anaerobic, Psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) and sensory analysis of fresh fillets. As storage time increased, the fillets gradually deteriorated, however microbiological level, both packaged studied, and they slow down this deterioration. A sensory level packaged in vacuum and modified atmosphere helped keep the odour of fish, the colour of fish muscle and texture, about fillets packaged aerobically, which showed a high degree of deterioration in the 7 day of storage. Due to the increased consumption of prepared meals and the need for diversification of products from fish aquaculture, the chapter III of the present Thesis, studied the development of a seabream dish "ready to eat" cooked by sous vide technology. Prior to the study, the panelists chose the ideal temperature for cooked fillets and the sauce accompanying the dish. Sous vide product was stored in refrigerated display cabinet for 62 days at 2 ± 1 °C. In the control days (0, 7, 17, 34, 48 and 62), physico-chemical (pH and TBARS), microbiological (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic, anaerobes, molds and yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes) and sensory analysis, were performed. The optimum temperature of 60 °C proved to be cooked, and the green sauce was chosen as the most suitable for combination with the seabream. During the storage time, the samples maintained the microbial counts below the range of values listed in RD 3484/2000, laying down hygiene rules for the production, distribution and sale of prepared foods are established. With the conditions used during cooking, seabream sous vide product obtained an acceptable sensory quality for 62 days under refrigeration conditions. Packaged, is very important during the preparation of meals, storage and marketing of food. In Chapter IV, the effect of cooking on bag and tray on microbiological spoilage (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic total anaerobes, molds and yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes) physico-chemical (pH and TBARS) and sensory analysis, was studied in sous vide product. The results showed that both packaged, were suitable for packaging the cooked sous vide, later refrigerated storage and delayed in both microbial growth and lipid oxidation. Also, remained high sensory quality of the dishes but the dish packed in tray, showed better scores on the sensory quality. Finally, the treatment effect of technologies "high hydrostatic pressure" on the microbiological quality (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic total anaerobes, molds and yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes), physical chemistry (pH, TBARs and TPA) and sensory analysis in sous vide product, was studied in Chapter V. After the preparation and sous vide cooked, the samples were pressurized to 300 and 600 MPa for 5 minutes at 5 ° C by Industrial high system pressures. The samples were stored for 62 days at refrigeration temperature (2 ± 1 ° C) performing microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory analysis. Based on the results, the high pressure treatment did not eliminate the initial microbial load of mesophylic aerobic of the sous vide product, as expected, although the values obtained were within the range that guarantee the safety of food for at least 62 days. Curiously, the texture attributes were enhanced with the use of high pressure (600 MPa), which means a significant improvement in sensory quality of the sous vide product.
Rossi, Pablo Cesar. "Estudio del fraccionamiento y concentración de ésteres etílicos de ácidos grasos omega-3 poli-insaturados a partir de aceite de pescado." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/4649.
Full textEvalúa el proceso de obtención de fracciones enriquecidas en ácidos grasos omega-3 ( de importante valor nutracéutico) a partir de aceites marinas como pescado, mediante destilación molecular. La destilación molecular es una técnica de separación de mucha aplicación para el caso de productos que contienen componentes termosensibles, ya que se evita su deterioro durante el procesamiento del producto
Gutiérrez, Sánchez Julia Cecilia, Adrián Norma Marisol Nieto, Salcedo Jean Manuel Peralta, and Garay Jesús Alberto Pérez. "Proceso de recoleccion y comercializacion del aceite de cocina usado para la industria del biodiesel." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625643.
Full textCurrently talking about the care of the environment is inevitable, since many environmental problems have been generated as a result of a lack of awareness and commitment to caring for the environment. However, we have several problems that contribute to the impact of climate change and pollution. In order to contribute to the awareness and create a culture of care for the environment, this project is born that offers a business alternative and a very significant contribution to the merit of environmental care. The main objective of this research is to collect used cooking oil from small gastronomic businesses (chifas, restaurants, food trucks, chicken shops, etc.) and housewives who go through a filtering process in order to market them to companies, which they use as raw material used cooking oil and generate new products such as: candles, exfoliants, and above all biodiesel which is a market with a great potential for growth.
Trabajo de investigación
Cabrera-Gonzales, David-Alejandro, and José-Ignacio Lombardi-Benavides. "Estudio prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta de procesamiento de aceite de palta extra virgen para consumo nacional." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/5249.
Full textTrabajo de investigación
Durand, Velazco Jose Carlos. "Estudio del perfil lipídico y tejido cardiovascular en ratas alimentadas con grasa "light"." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3418.
Full text--- OBJECTIVE: To determine the deleterious effect of fatty acids included in commercially called ‘light’ oil and/or fats upon the lipid profile and cardiovascular tissue in albino rats who received diet complying with the normal requirement during 45 days. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out the trial in 30 male Wistar rats aged 21 days old. The animals were divided in three groups. They received a diet complying with energy and protein requirements during 45 days. The first group received vegetable cooking oil (diet A) as a source of fatty acids, the second group received ‘light’ cooking vegetable oil (diet B), and the third group received ‘light’ vegetable margarine (diet C). RESULTS: Weight gain was observed in the three groups, and there were significant differences in the body composition (p<0.05) in the group of animals receiving ‘light’ vegetable margarine (diet C), compared with the other two groups (diets A and B). Histological studies in the animals that received fatty acids included in ‘light’ margarine (diet C) there was a reduction in muscle bundles compared to the other groups, with statistical significance (p<0.01), and also there was a reduction in the media layer (with smooth muscle) and in the arterial lumen, also with statistical significance (p<0.01). With respect to the lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol), the animals that received diet A also had statistically significant changes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rats fed with diets containing fatty acids derived from ‘light’ vegetable margarine (diet C) had changes in their body composition, in the lipid profile, and mild degenerative changes and a reduction in cardiac muscle mass. Keywords: ‘Light’ oil. ‘Light’ margarine. ‘Light’ cooking oil
Tesis
Bell, Cortez Carlos Alejandro, and Cortez Carlos Alejandro Bell. "Estudio químico analítico de la grasa de iguana verde (Iguana iguana)-efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio sobre lesiones inducidas en ratas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/275.
Full text-- The cicatrizant effects were evaluated, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial of the fat of Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) of pregnant female coming from the district of Castilla, county of Piura, department of Piura (Peru). The fat demonstrated that to dose of 0,55 mL / kg (via topical) has healing activity and whites evidences of to attenuate and/or to erase scars on lesions induced in rats; also showed to have property anti-inflammatory mediating edema induced by xyleno in mouse ear. The microbiological results demonstrated little significant microbial activity. The chemical analytic study revealed: total (12%) proteins, albumin (6,4%), úrea (0,05%), Fe (1ppm), Al (2ppm) and Cr (2ppm). An analysis of composition of fatty acid carried out by gas-liquid Chromatography in column showed the following acids: myristic (0,9%), palmitic (28,9%), palmitoleic (6,2%), hexadecatrienoic ω4 (0,2%), stearic (7,0%), oleic ω7 (4,0%), oleic ω9 (34,9%), linoleic ω6 (5,2%), linolenic ω3 (9,7%), arachidonic (0,1%), gadoleic ω9 (0,5%), eicosadienoic ω6 (0,1%), eicosatrienoic ω3 (0,3%), araquidonic ω3 (0,1%), araquidonic ω6 (0,1%), docosapentaenoic ω3 (0,1%). Also, the vitamins E were investigated by HPLC and vitamin A by the technique of USP XXVIII being concluded that the iguana fat doesn't contain these vitamins. Regarding their DL50 it is innocuous, the test of cutaneous sensibility and sharp reactivity in rabbits it indicates that it is not irritating to the skin for what we would be before a matter source prevails natural with a great potential for their employment in dermatology. Keywords: Fat of Green Iguana, Piura, healing Effect, anti-inflamatorio Effect, antimicrobial Effect, Study chemical analytic, Dermatology.
Tesis
Enciso, Soria Julia Esther. "Evaluación de ácidos grasos y propiedades fisicoquímicas de los aceites crudos de Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha inchi) de la selva central del Perú y determinación de su actividad antiinflamatoria." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3825.
Full textTesis