Academic literature on the topic 'Industria manufacturera – Perú'
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Journal articles on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Cárdenas Núñez, Gilberto José Rafael. "Estructura de la industria manufacturera según el valor de ventas." Pensamiento Crítico 13 (September 8, 2014): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/pc.v13i0.8998.
Full textAbstract:
Luego de muchos años se realiza un Censo Económico en el Perú, con el efecto de volver a contar con información especializada sobre el sector económico productivo manufacturero. En el análisis realizado se aprecia que la estructura de producción manufacturera está especialmente orientada al mercado interno, y con mínimo desarrollo del sector de bienes de capital. Un sector manufacturero que ubica al Perú como productor de bienes manufactureros no transables a pesar que diversos gobiernos han suscrito varios Tratados de Libre Comercio con diversos países o grupos económicos del mundo. La manufactura peruana es simple y propia de países en extremo atrasados en la producción de bienes con cierto grado de desarrollo tecnológico.
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Cárdenas Núñez, Gilberto José Rafael. "¿Existe aún la industria manufacturera en el Perú?" Pensamiento Crítico 11 (September 8, 2014): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/pc.v11i0.9005.
Full textAbstract:
La industria manufacturera peruana aún existe. Después de muchos años en que el proceso de liberalización de la economía sometió a las empresas industriales del sector a la competencia externa, se puede apreciar que más de 110 mil empresas existen y producen. Las principales son las que poseen 10 a más trabajadores, que producen más del 80% del total manufacturero nacional; se encuentran en Lima y Callao, o en las capitales de los departamentos, es industria ligera, poco articulada a los recursos naturales del país, de tecnología relativamente intermedia y que en gran parte del territorio nacional no existe.
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González-Hernández, Isidro Jesús, Berenice Armas-Alvarez, Melanie Coronel-Lazcano, Nereida Maldonado-López, Osmara Vergara-Martínez, and Rafael Granillo-Macías. "El desarrollo tecnológico en las revoluciones industriales." Ingenio y Conciencia Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior Ciudad Sahagún 8, no. 16 (July 5, 2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/escs.v8i16.7118.
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Con el paso del tiempo el estilo de vida del ser humano fue evolucionando de la mano de cada revolución industrial. En cada una de las revoluciones se tuvo un aporte significativo en la forma de hacer las cosas, pasando de realizar los productos a mano y ser considerados como artesanales, a realizar los mismos productos, pero con ayuda de instrumentos y maquinaria que facilitaban su fabricación. Lo anterior trajo consigo un gran impacto económico en las industrias y en los países. Además, las revoluciones industriales han provocó cambios de paradigma en la industria manufacturera en todo el mundo. En este trabajo se realizó una investigación cualitativa de carácter bibliográfico y documental para identificar en las diferentes revoluciones industriales las principales características, las tecnologías desarrolladas y los cambios en sistemas de manufactura o producción que se produjeron en las mismas. Este análisis permitió identificar que la transición de las revoluciones industriales fue por la implementación masiva de las innovaciones tecnológicas y científicas que se implementaron en los diferentes procesos de producción, lo que se traduce en profundos cambios en los productos manufacturados. Además, con la cuarta revolución industrial se prevé la eliminación total del ser humano de los sistemas de manufactura, asegurando la automatización absoluta de los procesos de producción.
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Camargo Hermosilla, Raúl Moisés. "EL DISEÑO DEL CANAL DE DISTRIBUCIÓN INTERNACIONAL COMO VENTAJA DIFERENCIAL DEMARKETING: CASO TOYOTA." Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 18, no. 35 (June 21, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v18i35.11712.
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Todo producto percibido como distinto de los demás es un “producto diferente”, aunque en la práctica sea similar. Siguiendo con este enfoque que ubica a la diferenciación como una variable clave para competir, las ventajas físicas y funcionales son muy necesarias para participar en un mercado competitivo, pero no suficientes para ganar la fidelidad de los usuarios. En la generalidad de las industrias manufactureras, la distribución y el respaldo al producto son activos estratégicos subvalorados. Hoy en día, la excelencia en la ingeniería, la eficiencia en la manufactura y la calidad están convirtiéndose rápidamente en elementos que se dan por sentados.
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Barona-Zuluaga, Bernardo, and Jorge Alberto Rivera-Godoy. "Análisis comparativo de la inversión-financiación de la innovación entre sectores manufacturero y de servicios en Colombia." Libre Empresa 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1657-2815/libreempresa.2017v14n1.806.
Full textAbstract:
El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar cuáles son las actividades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación donde invierten las empresas innovadoras del sector manufacturero y de servicios en Colombia, y cuáles son las fuentes de recursos utilizadas. Para su logro, después de una breve reseña utilizando datos agregados de la inversión en innovación y su financiación en el país, se hace uso de las Encuestas de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica de la Industria Manufacturera [EDIT IV (2007-2008), EDIT VI (2011 - 2012) y de servicios EDITS III (2010-2011)] elaboradas por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. Para el análisis e interpretación de la información se sigue la teoría económica sobre la financiación empresarial. Los datos de las tres encuestas muestran que a pesar de que existen diferencias entre la inversión y la financiación de la innovación entre los sectores manufacturero y de servicios, estas se centran en la magnitud de la importancia, pero no del escalafón de prioridades para invertir y financiarse: los recursos se usan preferencialmente en la inversión de maquinaria y equipos y la fuente principal de financiación que se emplea son los recursos propios.
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Casanova, Mauricio, and Sergio Garrido. "Condiciones de vida de los trabajadores de la Gran Minería del Cobre y de la manufactura. Nueva evidencia histórico-comparativa (Chile, 1932-1958)." Estudios Atacameños 67 (July 28, 2021): e3891. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2021-0018.
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El propósito de esta investigación es proporcionar nueva evidencia histórica que permita comparar el estándar de vida de los trabajadores de la Gran Minería del Cobre con el de otros sectores de la industria nacional (como textiles, alimentos, papel o cemento). Para esto, se ha elaborado un welfare ratio. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: los ingresos de los trabajadores de la Gran Minería del Cobre eran comparativamente más altos que los del resto de los trabajadores manufactureros, pero no tan altos como la historiografía frecuentemente asume; durante la década de 1940 se experimenta un proceso de convergencia entre los ingresos de los trabajadores del cobre y de la manufactura; este proceso de convergencia finaliza durante la década de los cincuenta.
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Senior Martínez, Jorge Enrique. "Editorial La evolución de la política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en Colombia." INGENIARE, no. 16 (January 1, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1909-2458/ingeniare.16.581.
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Después de una hegemonía conservadora de 45 años (1886-1930), los gobiernos liberales de 1930 a 1946 (en especial el primer periodo de Alfonso López Pumarejo, 1934-1938), abren a la nación colombiana a la modernización con base en la industrialización y la urbanización, pero sin una reforma agraria concomitante. En un lapso de 30 años, entre 1930 y 1960, el país pasa de ser 2/3 rural a ser 2/3 urbano. La segunda guerra mundial genera una especie de proteccionismo de facto que favorece a la industria nacional y que dará paso en la posguerra a una incipiente política industrial de enfoque proteccionista y de sustitución de importaciones; pero mientras en la ciudad se expande el sector manufacturero y la organización sindical, en el campo se desata la violencia sectaria que acelerará la concentración de la tierra y el desplazamiento de los campesinos a los nuevos cinturones de miseria de las grandes ciudades.
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Muñoz Marticorena, William. "El sector cafetalero en el Perú: El caso Perhusa-Café Altomayo." Studium Veritatis 4, no. 6-7 (September 25, 2005): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35626/sv.6-7.2005.249.
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En el presente artículo se tendrá presente una hipótesis de desarrollo para el Perú, la cual pasa por el incremento de su competitividad mediante el desarrollo de industrias y empresas que incorporen base tecnológica y privilegien la manufactura basada en recursos no naturales (alta y media tecnología). Así, se considerará como vital, en el corto y mediano plazo, vigilar y promover el desarrollo de productores agrarios organizados en cadenas productivas como unidades de gestión de recursos naturales que persigan una agricultura eficaz en términos de sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental. De igual modo, brindará como ejemplo en el sector cafetalero la iniciativa de Perhusa-Altomayo.
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Isa Contreras, Pavel. "El efecto protector del ITBIS y el impuesto selectivo al consumo en el sector manufacturero de la República Dominicana (I)." Ciencia y Sociedad 21, no. 1 (June 1, 1996): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.1996.v21i1.pp32-57.
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El nuevo arancel de aduanas aliminó restricciones. Pero el nuevo Código Tributario, mediante la exención discriminada del ITBIS y el impuesto selectivo al consumo produce un efecto protector sobre ramas de la industria local. El artículo estudia el efecto protector de estos dos instrumentos en todo el sector manufacturero, en particular se hace estimación del impacto en la Tasa de Protección Efectiva.
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Fernández Martínez, Antonio. "Una herramienta de inducción a la investigación : simulación de procesos físicos mediante el Método Montecarlo." Ciencia y Sociedad 21, no. 2 (December 1, 1996): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.1996.v21i2.pp246-52.
Full textAbstract:
El nuevo arancel de aduanas aliminó restricciones. Pero el nuevo Código Tributario, mediante la exención discriminada del ITBIS y el impuesto selectivo al consumo produce un efecto protector sobre ramas de la industria local. El artículo estudia el efecto protector de estos dos instrumentos en todo el sector manufacturero, en particular se hace estimación del impacto en la Tasa de Protección Efectiva.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Valenzuela, Ian. "Impacto de los Sindicatos en la Determinación de los Salarios en el Perú: El Casa de la Industria Manufacturera, 1963." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117430.
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Galagarza, Gutiérrez de Ferreyra Gisela Cristina, and De la Cruz Doris Ofelia Montaño. "El régimen Mype tributario y su impacto en los estados financieros de las empresas del sector manufactura de Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623910.
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En el presente trabajo de investigación empezaremos analizando las distintas definiciones de Régimen Tributario que hacen los autores tanto en Perú como en América Latina, así mismo definiciones sobre mypes diferenciándolos entre micro y pequeñas empresas y su aporte a la economía. También definimos los estados financieros como herramientas que nos permiten hacer comparaciones verticales como horizontales, la misma que usaremos para demostrar el impacto de este régimen.
El objetivo principal es determinar el impacto de éste nuevo régimen en los estados financieros. Uno de los cambios que presenta esta nueva norma es la reducción del impuesto a la renta, efecto que evaluaremos en el presente trabajo. Este régimen ha obligado a muchas empresas que antes declaraban bajo el Régimen Único Simplificado, específicamente categoría 3, 4 y 5, a cambiar al Régimen Especial de Renta (RER) o al RMT y de la misma manera, muchas empresas que antes se encontraban en el Régimen General han optado por cambiarse al RMT, por lo que evaluaremos el efecto de éste cambio. Otro de los objetivos de este nuevo régimen es lograr que las MYPES se formalicen para que de ésta manera puedan tener acceso al crédito bancario, analizaremos el efecto que produce estos cambios.
Analizaremos primero el Régimen Mype Tributario, definiciones, características, objetivos, beneficios, luego los Estados Financieros y finalmente el sector en el cual está basado este trabajo de investigación.In the present research work we will begin by analyzing the different definitions of Tax Regime made by authors both in Peru and in Latin America, as well as definitions of mypes, differentiating them between micro and small companies and their contribution to the economy. We also define financial statements as tools that allow us to make vertical as well as horizontal comparisons, the same that we will use to demonstrate the impact of this regime. The main objective is to determine the impact of this new regime on the financial statements. One of the changes presented by this new standard is the reduction of income tax, an effect that we will evaluate in this work. This regime has forced many companies that previously declared under the Simplified Unified Regime, specifically category 3, 4 and 5, to change to the Special Income Regime (RER) or the RMT and in the same way, many companies that were previously in The General Regime has opted to change to the RMT, so we will evaluate the effect of this change. Another objective of this new regime is to get MYPES formalized so that they can access bank credit in this way, we will analyze the effect of these changes. We will first analyze the Tax Mype Regime, definitions, characteristics, objectives, benefits, then the Financial Statements and finally the sector on which this research work is based.
Tesis
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Carbajal, Aquino Mirella Katherine, Leyva Erick Francisco Cochachi, and Tello César Nicolás Oré. "La modernización en la cadena de valor de la industria gráfica offset: el caso de la Galería Unicentro en el 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12213.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de los factores de localización en la modernización de la cadena de valor de la industria gráfica mediante la generación del capital relacional. La vinculación de los factores de localización y las redes de colaboración facilitan la capacidad de innovación de las empresas que se dedican a la misma actividad productiva, motivo por el cual no solo se toman en cuenta los procesos económicos, sino también los aspectos sociales y culturales que afectan a un mismo contexto, en la medida de que pueden determinar el éxito o el fracaso del desarrollo empresarial.
La aproximación de la investigación se realiza mediante el estudio de caso de la Galería Unicentro determinada como MYPE, perteneciente a la industria gráfica. Se ha planteado que la proximidad física entre las empresas puede generar spillover knowledges, así como la proximidad cultural y el capital relacional que puede generar el aprendizaje colectivo; ambos necesarios para modernizar la cadena de valor de la industria gráfica dentro de la galería. En consecuencia, la presente investigación analiza la situación actual de la galería, su modelo estratégico de gestión que está relacionado a la gestión del capital social, la gestión del capital relacional, el enfoque de redes, el enfoque territorial y el enfoque sectorial. Luego, se realiza una comparación entre hallazgos de la Encuesta Nacional de Innovación en la Industria Manufacturera [ENIIM] y de la encuesta realizada a los empresarios de la galería con la finalidad de analizar la influencia de los factores de localización, la densidad de las redes entre empresarios y las actividades de innovación que realizan.
Como resultado de este estudio, se elabora una propuesta de lineamientos para fomentar las redes empresariales mediante la asociatividad. Esta sintetiza los hallazgos de la investigación, facilita el análisis de las oportunidades que no son aprovechadas que obstaculizan la realización de trabajos en conjunto y la realización de actividades de innovación entre los empresarios de la galería. Finalmente, como resultado del análisis y la elaboración de la propuesta, se presentan conclusiones y recomendaciones con el fin de promover la modernizar la cadena de valor de la industria gráfica en la Galería Unicentro mediante procesos asociativos para mejorar la competitividad debido a que la industria se encuentra en desaceleración por las nuevas tendencias tecnológicas referentes a la impresión digital y los medios virtuales.Tesis
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Olivera, Oliva Davy Alfonso. "El rol del liderazgo en la generación de innovaciones en una empresa que carece de un sistema de gestión de la I+D+i. El caso de una empresa fabricante de productos para la exploración minera." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19597.
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La presente tesis trata sobre la importancia del liderazgo para que el proceso de
innovación sea exitoso en una empresa manufacturera peruana que produce piezas
para el sector de exploración minera, a pesar de que esta no cuenta con un sistema
de gestión de la innovación articulado. Para realizar la investigación se tomó como
referencia la norma peruana Gestión de la I+D+i NTP 732.003, a partir de la cual se
elaboraron una serie de entrevistas y encuestas.
El trabajo está dividido en cuatro capítulos, los cuales son denominados
Antecedentes, Marco Teórico, Metodología y Resultados y Análisis. En el capítulo
Antecedentes se muestra la situación económica del Perú, la exploración minera al
momento de formar el área de I+D+i y qué planteó hacer la empresa para mejorar
su competitividad. En el capítulo Marco Teórico, se mostraron algunas definiciones
de I+D+i además de la situación actual de la I+D+i en el Perú y la empresa privada,
así mismo se desarrolla el concepto de liderazgo y su relación con la innovación.
En el tercer capítulo se muestra cómo se llevó a cabo la investigación, cómo se
propusieron las preguntas para las encuestas y entrevistas. En el último capítulo,
Resultados y Análisis, se muestra la información procesada a fin de conocer los
puntos fuertes y débiles del sistema de gestión de la innovación de la organización.
El trabajo concluye que no es necesario tener un sistema de gestión de la
innovación articulado para tener procesos de innovación exitosos. La ausencia de
este sistema no garantiza que los procesos de innovación sean sostenibles en el
tiempo, ya que si el líder desaparece no se podría garantizar la continuidad de los
proyectos.This thesis deals with the importance of leadership for the innovation process to be successful in a Peruvian manufacturing company, which produces pieces for the mining exploration sector, despite the fact it does not have an articulated innovation management system. This research takes the Peruvian standard for R&D Management “Gestión de la I+D+i NTP 732.003” as a reference, from which a series of interviews and surveys were carried out. This study is divided into four chapters: Background, Theoretical Framework, Methodology and Results, and Analysis. The Background chapter shows the Peruvian economic situation, mining exploration at the time of creating the R&D area and what the company set out to do to improve its competitiveness. In the Theoretical Framework chapter, some definitions related to R&D are discussed, in addition to the current R&D situation in Peru and private companies, as well as the concept of leadership and its relation with innovation. The third chapter describes how the research was developed, and how the questions for the surveys and interviews were proposed. In the last chapter, Results and Analysis, the information processed is revealed with the aim of showing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s innovation management system. This study concludes that it is not necessary to have an articulated innovation management system to achieve a successful innovation process. The absence of this system does not guarantee that the innovation processes would be sustainable over time because, if the leader is no longer present, the continuity of the projects could not be guaranteed.
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Terrones, Cornejo Jorge Anibal. "Implementación de un sistema de calidad aplicado a una pyme manufacturera de artículos complementarios de cuero." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1652.
Full textAbstract:
El presente informe de tesis para obtener el grado de Ingeniero industrial por la modalidad de Perfeccionamiento Profesional da a conocer el desarrollo de un manual para la implementación de un sistema de calidad adaptado a las pequeñas y medianas empresas en el Perú.
La información de los puntos a implementar se han tomado de la norma ISO 9001:2000. En este informe se han suprimido algunos puntos que no son de mucho interés para una pyme por su propia naturaleza y tamaño y se han adaptado a las necesidades de la empresa aquellos puntos de suma importancia para lograr el control total de sus procesos.
En una primera parte se hace una recopilación de información acerca de la situación de las pymes en el Perú con el fin de fundamentar la necesidad de buscar un camino para el desarrollo de estas unidades de negocio tan importantes en la economía nacional. También se hace una revisión de la norma ISO 9001:2000 que será la base para este manual.
En una segunda parte se hace una revisión de la norma a la cual hacemos referencia con el fin de tener en claro los lineamientos que posee y aplicarlos a lo largo de la investigación.
En una tercera parte se ha realizado un diagnóstico general de la empresa en la que se ha ido implementando este sistema de calidad. Conforme se va avanzando en este diagnóstico nos daremos cuenta de que la empresa no cuenta con un control documentario de sus procesos. Es por esto que se ha decidido trabajar conjuntamente con el dueño (gerente) para que tome conciencia de lo importante que son estos controles para su empresa.
En una cuarta parte se detalla la implementación del sistema de calidad adaptado a las necesidades de la pyme en cuestión. Es esta implementación se debe contar con todo el personal involucrado gracias al apoyo del gerente.
Se puede precisar como una de las conclusiones más importantes el logro de la toma de conciencia por parte del personal de la empresa, de que el cambio no es sólo para bien de la empresa, sino para bien de todos sus trabajadores.
Finalizando este manual se encuentran los documentos creados sobre la base de la empresa y los documentos usados por la empresa al terminar la implementación del sistema de calidad.Tesis
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Cuevas, Huamani Fernando Rusbel, Peña Jonathan Omar Torres, Revilla María Ana García, and Valdivia Zulema Betsabé Laguna. "Calidad en las empresas del sector manufactura en el Perú." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17725.
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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto en los factores de la
Administración de la Calidad Total (TQM) de las empresas del sector manufactura en el Perú
que cuentan con algún Sistema de Gestión de Calidad (SGC) en comparación a las que no. En
la investigación se consideró una población de 3,322 empresas peruanas del sector
manufactura de los rubros de construcción, bebidas, caucho y plástico, impresión,
alimentaria, metalmecánico, papel, y textiles. Tomó como base el estudio de Benzaquen
(2018) formulado con 35 preguntas que miden el nivel de cumplimiento de los nueve factores
de TQM de las empresas del sector manufactura, diferenciando este nivel de cumplimiento
entre las empresas que cuentan con un SGC, respecto a las que no. Se evidenció el estudio
cuantitativo transeccional para identificar la relación de variables con las categorías según el
instrumento definido por Benzaquen (2018).
La investigación confirmó que existe diferencia significativa de niveles de calidad
entre las empresas que cuentan con algún SGC y las que no. Se obtuvo un nivel de calidad de
3.98 para empresas con SGC, es decir están de acuerdo con el desarrollo de los nueve
factores de TQM. Para empresas que no cuentan con un SGC se obtuvo un nivel de 3.47, es
decir hay una tendencia a no desarrollarse los factores de TQM.
La investigación se desarrolló bajo el contexto de la declaratoria del Estado de
Emergencia Nacional mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 044-2020-PCM promulgada el 15 de
marzo del 2020 (Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros [PCM], 2020). Afectando la
posibilidad de obtener respuestas a las encuestas enviadas a los directivos del sector
manufactura debido a que su enfoque estuvo orientado en asegurar la continuidad de sus
operaciones. Por ello, se registró una muestra de 113 encuestas válidas que fueron analizadas
y estudiadas con un margen de error de 9% y un nivel de confianza del 95%The purpose of this study had to determine the impact on Total Quality Management (TQM) factors of companies in the manufacturing sector in Peru that have some kind of Quality Management System (QMS) compared to those that do not. The research considered a population of 3,322 Peruvian companies in the manufacturing sector of construction, beverages, rubber and plastic, printing, food, mechanical metal, paper, and textiles. It was based on the Benzaquen study (2018) formulated with 35 questions that measure the level of compliance of the nine TQM factors of the companies of the manufacturing sector, differentiating this level of compliance among the companies that have a GSC, with respect to those that do not. A quantitative correlation study was conducted to identify the relationship between variables and categories according to the instrument defined by Benzaquen (2018). The research confirmed that there is a significant difference in quality levels between companies that have some GSC and those that do not. A quality level of 3.98 was obtained for companies with QMS, that is, they agree with the development of the nine factors of TQM. A level of 3.47 was obtained for companies that do not have a QMS, in other works, there is a tendency not to develop the TQM factors. The research was carried out in the context of the declaration of the State of National Emergency by Supreme Decree No. 044-2020-PCM, promulgated on March 15, 2020 (Presidency of the Council of Ministers [PCM], 2020). It affected the possibility of obtaining responses to surveys sent to manufacturing sector executives because their focus was on ensuring the continuity of their operations. Therefore, a sample of 113 valid surveys was recorded and analyzed with a margin of error of 9% and a confidence level of 95%
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Gamarra, Alván Giseth Evelin. "Modelo basado en análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) para medir la competitividad de las manufactureras peruanas del sector textil." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10134.
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La industria manufacturera peruana del sector textil, es una de las fuentes económicas del país y forma parte de los factores de evaluación para medir la competitividad a nivel mundial, la cual es realizada por Banco Mundial. Por ello, se ha considerado evaluar la competitividad de las manufactureras del sector. Se aborda la medición de la competitividad del sector, teniendo en cuenta que hay muchos herramientas que miden la competitividad, pero que en la revisión de la literatura se han encontrado problemas con la fiabilidad de los resultados, esto se debe a que la aplicación de las técnicas propuesta requieren de la opinión de los experto para determinar ciertos pesos a los factores de evaluación. Teniendo en cuenta este gran inconveniente, se plantea la aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos, la cual es una técnica que no requiere de conocimientos de un experto y permite realizar un benchmark. Por lo tanto, se ha planteado el diseñar un modelo aplicando DEA para medir la competitividad de las manufactureras peruanas del sector textil. El modelo propuesto, consta de tres factores los cuales son: calidad, eficiencia e innovación, para cada factor se han definido variables; tanto factores como variables han sido extraídas de la literatura y validado por expertos en el sector textil. La aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos, ejecutado en el software SIAD, muestra como resultado la manufacturera más competitiva del sector textil, basado en el comportamiento de la variables y los resultados obtenidos de cada factor en la evaluación. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados con gráficos que ayudan a mostrar de modo visual los resultados de la evaluación.Tesis
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Tello, Mario D. "Márgenes precio-costo, competencia externa y participación del mercado en el sector manufacturero del Perú: 2002-2007." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117899.
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Price-cost margins, external competition and participation of the market in the manufacturing sector in Peru: 2002-2007This paper analyzes the validity of four hypotheses on the relationship between the price-cost margin and import penetration as well as firms’ market concentration for a sample of Peruvian firms of the manufacturing sector in period 2002-2007. The first hypothesis states that an increase in the degree of import penetration reduces firms’ price-cost margins. The second hypothesis states that such a negative impact of the import penetration is greater the higher is firms’ concentration ratios. The third hypothesis propose the negative impact of import penetration is reduced the higher is firms’ concentration ratios. The fourth hypothesis states that the positive effect of a firm’ share of the market is decreasing. The evidence in the Peruvian case reject the first and third hypotheses and accept the other two.El presente trabajo analiza la validez de cuatro hipótesis sobre la relación entre el margen precio costo y la competencia externa, conjuntamente con la participación del mercado para una muestra de firmas del sector manufacturero peruano en el periodo 2002-2007. La primera hipótesis sostiene que los incrementos del grado de competencia externa (o intensidad de las importaciones) reducen el margen precio-costo de las firmas. La segunda argumenta que el efecto negativo de la competencia externa se agudiza (aumenta) cuanto mayor es la participación (en producción) de la firma en el mercado. En contraste con lo anterior, la tercera hipótesis propone que el efecto de la competencia externa tiende a desaparecer (disminuir) cuanto mayor es la participación de la firma en el mercado. La última hipótesis sustenta que el efecto positivo de la participación en el mercado de las firmas sobre el margen precio-costo es decreciente. La evidencia en el caso peruano rechaza la primera y tercera hipótesis, y confirma las otras dos.
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Zárate, Azparrent Carmen Victoria. "Innovación y estado: Problemas económicos e institucionales en los financiamientos de Innóvate Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20433.
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La experiencia profesional a sistematizar es la obtenida durante el
periodo 2018-2019, bajo el cargo de Representante en Perú y Analista Senior
de proyectos de innovación de la Consultora Fast Forward Advisors,
específicamente bajo la dirección del “Programa de Innovación Abierta para
empresas Manufactureras” con el Ministerio de la Producción (Produce). La
gestión de proyectos de innovación y la consultoría público-privada fue, y es en
la actualidad, el principal campo laboral desempeñado. Su importancia radica
en evidenciar problemas y sugerir oportunidades para un mejor financiamiento
en base a diseño de estrategias y flujo de recursos, además de una mejor
distribución de los fondos que distribuye Produce desde Innóvate Perú a las
empresas a través de distintos concursos con el fin de que mejoren su
productividad, pues ello se traducirá en una mejora competitiva, incremento de
ingresos y crecimiento económico a nivel país. Las principales herramientas
usadas fueron el planteamiento y análisis de preguntas cualitativas y
cuantitativas, así como el desarrollo de marcos metodológicos.
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Arcaya, Caycho José Gregory. "Comercio internacional y restricciones financieras : un estudio a nivel de empresa del sector manufactura en el Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12816.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación analiza el impacto de las restricciones financieras sobre el estatus exportador de las empresas peruanas en el comercio internacional, en concreto examina cómo las limitaciones crediticias afectan la decisión de exportar de las empresas. A fin de contrastar esta relación, se presenta una metodología econométrica de corte transversal, enfocándose en el sector manufactura del Perú para el año 2014. De este modo, las principales variables a examinar son las restricciones de liquidez y el acceso a crédito, limitaciones que son medidas a través de diferentes variables. Las restricciones financieras pueden restringir la capacidad de las firmas para lograr insertarse en los mercados internacionales a causa de los altos costos fijos que este tipo de transacciones comerciales poseen per se. Por lo tanto, la hipótesis se fundamenta en el modelo teórico de Chaney (2016), el cual sostiene que las empresas que enfrentan un alto grado de restricciones de liquidez o limitaciones crediticias poseen mayores dificultades para vencer los costos de entrada a los mercados extranjeros, a fin de lograr una internacionalización eficiente y competitiva. En ese sentido, se concluye que las restricciones financieras poseen una relación negativa y significativa sobre el estatus exportador de las empresas manufactureras del Perú. Por ende, los resultados del estudio se encuentran alineados con la predicción del modelo teórico e investigaciones realizadas en diferentes países.Tesis
Books on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Chanduví, Jaime Saavedra. Liberalización comercial e industria manufacturera en el Perú. Lima, Perú: Consorcio de Investigación Económica, 1997.
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Powell, Jim. Losing the Thread. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622492.001.0001.
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Losing the Thread is the first full-length study of the effect of the American Civil War on Britain’s raw cotton trade and on the Liverpool cotton market. It details the worst crisis in the British cotton trade in the 19th century. Before the civil war, America supplied 80 per cent of Britain’s cotton. In August 1861, this fell to almost zero, where it remained for four years. Despite increased supplies from elsewhere, Britain’s largest industry received only 36 per cent of the raw material it needed from 1862 to 1864. This book establishes the facts of Britain’s raw cotton supply during the war: how much there was of it, in absolute terms and in relation to the demand, where it came from and why, how much it cost, and what effect the reduced supply had on Britain’s cotton manufacture. It includes an enquiry into the causes of the Lancashire cotton famine, which contradicts the historical consensus on the subject. Examining the impact of the civil war on Liverpool and its cotton market, the book disputes the historic portrayal of Liverpool as a solidly pro-Confederate town. It also demonstrates how reckless speculation infested and distorted the raw cotton market, and lays bare the shadowy world of the Liverpool cotton brokers, who profited hugely from the war while the rest of Lancashire starved.
Book chapters on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Martin-Doñate, Cristina, Sliman Shaikheleid, Abelardo Torres-Alba, and Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. "A New Smart Web Platform for Plastic Injection Molds in Industry 4.0 Environments." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 309–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_49.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new smart web platform for plastic injection molds for use in industry 4.0 environments. The new platform requires as its only input the CAD model of the plastic part in a discrete format, the accuracy of the analysis, the thermoplastic material of which the part will be manufactured and the number of parts to manufacture per year. Using this information and through a fully automated process based on hybrid algorithms developed by the authors the smart platform generates an extended CAD model of the mold with additional expert information useful for industry 4.0 environments. In this way, it is possible to design a mold with uniform heat transfer, balanced ejection and a uniform filling phase of the mold cavity. The presented platform differ from other applications for mold designing in that the resulting mold meets all the geometric, functional and technological requirements of mold designing without needing CAE simulation software for its validation. The presented platform is considered as the first smart platform that does not require the interaction of the designer in the process of dimensioning and designing the different subsystems that compound the mold, being a tool to reduce time and costs in the initial phases of plastic part design and with the ability to integrate into a flexible manufacturing environment 4.0.
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Bačuvčík, Michal, Pavel Martauz, Ivan Janotka, and Branislav Cvopa. "The Resistance of New Kind of High-Strength Cement after 5 Years Exposure to Sulfate Solution." In Cement Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95240.
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This article deals with the determination of technically important properties, the recognition of microstructure and pore structure, and the mortar resistance of a new cement kind NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N containing 7.94% wt. of C3A to 5% sodium sulfate solution. Both reference types of cement were industrially manufactured: 1) ordinary Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R and 2) Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R – SR 0, declared as sulfate resistant because of C3A = 0%. The research was carried out at standardized mortars. The used sodium sulfate solution, which contained 33802.8 mg of aggressive SO4 2− per liter, exceeded approximately 5 to 10 times the concentration of the third degree of aggressiveness of the XA chemical environment according to STN EN 206 + A1. The reference medium was drinking water. The 5-year results of non-destructive and destructive physical-mechanical tests as well as the formed microstructure and pore structure in both liquid media were evaluated. The cause of the NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N sulfate resistance was explained, despite the manufacturer’s declared C3A content of up to 8% by weight. Sulfate resistance of NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N is found comparable to that of sulfate resistant CEM I 42.5 R – SR 0.
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Tandon, Nidhi, and Jayender Verma. "The Effects of Private Label Brand Strategies on Consumer Perception." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 187–205. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0257-0.ch009.
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The increasingly globalized economy has many effects on consumer everyday lives. The rapid changes in technological, social, and economic aspects have impacted the people's buying and consumption patterns. Even the traditional roles in value chain have started to disappear. Manufacturers have started to be taken over retailing functions whereas retailers began with the creation of their own brands. This increasing trend towards the retailer's brands is indeed one of the key changes in the retail industry. As per the reports of FMI and IRI's consumer research, 97% of households consume private label products. This chapter will give insight on different perspective and strategies that effect the consumer perception.
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Ellis, Justine, Alastair Colin-Jones, and Ibon Zugasti. "Mondragon." In Putting Purpose Into Practice, 332–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870708.003.0029.
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Mondragon is a federation of industrial cooperative associations with over 260 companies subsidiaries in thirty-five countries, founded in 1959 in Spain’s Basque Region. Today it employs seventy-five thousand workers producing revenues of approximately $14 billion. Membership of the cooperative gives employees equal rights to vote and ownership; management boards consist of employees from all levels of the organization; the highest managers earn no more than six times the salary of the lowest paid workers; no more than 20 per cent of workers can be temporary contractors; and the general assembly of worker-owners decides how to distribute 70 per cent of profits after tax. An illustration of the effect of the structure came with the collapse of the white-goods manufacturer and one of Mondragon’s largest cooperatives, Fagor. With 1,800 jobs at risk, Mondragon invested in cross-training employees to take on different roles at other cooperatives, transferred capital from stable to vulnerable cooperatives and placed 1,500 people in other cooperatives in the group.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "OTEC Historical Background." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0009.
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As in other branches of technology, the understanding of the physical and chemical principles underlying the operation of heat engines followed long after such systems were in commercial use. Apparently both the ancient Egyptians and Chinese were able to use steam or combustion gases to do work in special applications; however, the first practical use of a heat engine was the steam-driven piston engine for pumping water from mines, invented in 1698 by the Englishman Thomas Savery. This was followed by a better device invented in 1712 by Newcomen and further developed by Smeaton, which was widely adopted for mining operations in the tin mines of Cornwall and the British coal mines. In 1763, James Watt invented his greatly improved steam engine, which laid the foundation for the industrial revolution based on steam power. Interesting accounts of these developments are presented in Fenn (1982) and Callendar and Andrews (1958). By 1800, there were nearly 500 engines of Watt’s design emplaced throughout England for pumping water, working metal, or other uses. Steam use in ships was successfully demonstrated by Fulton on the Hudson River in New York in 1807. Railroad transportation based on steam-driven locomotives was introduced by Stephenson in 1812 following small beginnings in 1801 by Trevithick. As the steam engines of Newcomen were manufactured and installed, their performance was measured by the amount of water that could be pumped to a given height per bushel of coal burned. The heating value of the coal being used was approximately 1 million Btu per bushel. The data of Table 2–1 show how the thermal efficiency of steam engines improved with time. It is interesting to note that the industrial revolution began with engines of less than 1% efficiency and blossomed with the development of Watt’s engine of 2.7% efficiency. Watt and his predecessors related the performance of their engines in pumping water to what could be accomplished by horses engaged in the same task. An average value of the power capability of a horse was estimated by Watt, who established the unit of one horsepower as the power needed to raise 33,000 pounds 1 foot in 1 minute.
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Barbu, Marius C., Jörg Hasener, and Gregor Bernardy. "Modern Testing of Wood-Based Panels, Process Control, and Modeling." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 90–130. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch003.
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The fast development of the wood-based panels industry during the last decades resulted in a substantially increased production capacity of manufacturing lines. The utilization of advanced manufacturing systems created a large output of different panel types with a production of more than 1,000 m3 per day on at least 300 days within a year. Therefore, it is important to take into account the new requirements for an on-line control of the manufacturing process. Only on-line Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technologies are able to survey, detect, and forecast the quality of the raw materials, level of production parameters, and development of the panel properties. Main parameters like moisture content, resination level, mat area weight, thickness, and density profile influence the final properties of the panels. For over a decade there has been no other choice to control these and other process parameters than NDT methods using microwave (water content), IR (moisture and color), X-ray (mat and board area weight and density profile), ultrasound (blisters or density variation), etc. The determination of the effective resin content on the wood particle or the density, temperature, and moisture development during the hot pressing are further requirements for the future production units. The on-line measurement of free formaldehyde remaining after resin curing and other volatile substances from wood and resin seems to be a further subject of major interest. The intelligent implementation and integration, use, and understanding of on-line NDT methods in wood panel manufacturing is a big challenge that includes a better understanding of the overall process and its limits, an updated state of the art of knowledge, as well as an open and continuous dialog between the equipment producers, board manufactures, and users that could be another important key for the development of an environmentally friendly modern wood-based panel industry in the world.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "OTEC Closed-Cycle Systems Cost Evaluation." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0014.
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Innovative technologies such as OTEC achieve commercial development when potential investors decide that the return on the investment will repay the estimated development costs plus a profit, with an acceptably low risk of cost overruns. Industrial experience shows that the estimated cost to complete development of a new technology generally increases as development proceeds from the conceptual design through pilot development, demonstration, field testing, and final commercial manufacture (Merrow et al., 1981). The ratio between final cost and initial design estimate is strongly dependent on the extent to which the manufacturing process employs already developed equipment, procedures, and facilities. New projects that require “high technology” for their success, such as jet engines or nuclear power plants, have been characterized by large underestimates of the final costs, whereas the costs of projects that are firmly based on existing technology, such as the development of “supertankers,” have been accomplished well within the usual industrial uncertainty margin of ± 15 to 20%. The accuracy of the estimate is also strongly dependent on the thoroughness of the systems engineering evaluation that is done before development proceeds. Commercial applications of OTEC have been proposed in three principal categories. The first includes OTEC power plants mounted on floating platforms that would generate 50- to 400 MWe (net) of onboard electric power. The need to minimize plant size makes it mandatory to use closed-cycle OTEC for these applications. The second category includes land-based or shelf-mounted plants designed to supply power in the 50- to 400-MWe range to municipal utilities. Either open- or closed-cycle systems could be suitable. The third category comprises small (5- to 20-MWe) land-based or shelf-mounted OTEC plants designed for island applications where electric power generation, mariculture, fresh-water production, supply of cold water for air-conditioning systems, and fuel production could be combined to offer an economically attractive OTEC system despite the relatively high cost of power for small OTEC installations. Open-cycle OTEC plants may be the preferred choice for the third category. The estimated investment costs of installed complete OTEC systems, measured in dollars per kilowatt of net OTEC electric power generated, differ significantly among the three categories.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "Economic, Environmental, and Social Aspects of OTEC Implementation." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0016.
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The financial analyses presented in Chapters 7 and 8 indicate that commercial development of OTEC will have a significant impact on the economics of U.S. energy production and use. Two scenarios for commercial development are examined in this section: 1. Development of OTEC methanol capacity sufficient to replace all U.S. gasoline produced from imported oil. 2. Development of OTEC ammonia capacity sufficient to replace all gasoline used in U.S. transportation. Commercialization of this option implies a project goal to produce methanol plantships with enough total methanol capacity to replace the gasoline used in the United States that is now produced from imported petroleum, 47 billion gallons of gasoline in 1990 (DOE/EIA, 1990). This would require a total of 427 200-MWe plantships, each producing 199 million gallons of methanol per year (1.8 gallons of methanol give the same automobile mileage as 1 gallon of gasoline. We assume financing based on an initial nominal plant investment of $960M (1990$) and an eighth plant investment of $664M. With repeated manufacture, the cost will be reduced to $438M for the 427th plantship, assuming that an experience exponent of 0.93 applies for all production of identical plantships after the first three. The average plant investment for the total production is then $507M. If financial support is maintained to complete the program, the year 2020 is a reasonable target date for achieving the full fuel production capacity. This implies construction of OTEC plantships at an average rate of 17 per year after commercial production is established. This rate could be accommodated in U.S. shipyards with feasible modifications to satisfy specific OTEC requirements. The U.S. shipbuilding facilities are discussed in Section 4.1. In addition to the investments required for OTEC, methanol automobiles must be in production, and distribution systems for methanol must be installed. The associated costs must be included in the financial analysis. Offsetting these costs are the savings resulting from: 1. Large improvements in the U.S. balance of trade through elimination of oil imports. 2. Tax receipts accruing from reinvigorated U.S. shipbuilding and associated manufacturing industries. 3. Economic benefits of stabilized world fuel prices.
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Goldsmith, Jack, and Tim Wu. "The Filesharing Movement." In Who Controls the Internet? Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.003.0012.
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Some people change history by accident, and Niklas Zennstrom counts as one of them. This soft-spoken and still largely unknown Swede, described by the Washington Post as a “younger, hipper version of Bill Gates,” started two small companies in the early 2000s that have already done much to change how people exchange information in the twenty-first century. His first company created a filesharing software application called “Kazaa” that was destined to become the most downloaded program in history. Millions of people used Kazaa to exchange billions of songs in open defiance of national copyright laws. This chapter chronicles the filesharing movement, in which Zennstrom and Kazaa played a big role. At its height this movement led many to believe that filesharing might upend the central role of national copyright law in the distribution of information. With the benefit of hindsight, we can now see that this was not to be. And so in part, this chapter is a sequel to chapters 5 and 6, showing again the importance of law and national government, even for filesharing—a technology designed to be impossible to control. This chapter also introduces a crucial new theme: the effect of technological change on the market and the legal system. Filesharing introduced a cheaper method of distributing music that sparked massive changes in the economics of music distribution and the behavior of consumers. These changes were a jolt to the copyright law system that seemed to many to render it irrelevant. What appeared a threat to copyright law, however, turned out simply to be the law’s hesitation and adjustment in the face of a massive battle between the recording industry, technological upstarts, and music consumers over the spoils of a better music distribution system made possible by the Internet. As the 1990s ended, the music recording industry’s mood was optimistic. A new and sturdy technology, the compact disc, anchored the best decade of sales ever. A handful of major labels, a textbook oligopoly, exercised near total control over the distribution of music. And while the industry faced considerable expenses in the development and marketing of new artists, existing music cost little to manufacture and could be sold for up to $20 per album. The recording industry was rich, powerful, well-connected in Congress, and uninterested in changing a successful business model.
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"on land must exceed the average rate of profit sufficiently so as to cover the payment of rent. However, if rents are stable relative to rising commodity prices the barrier of rent becomes progressively less significant. Such was the situation in English agriculture of this period. The tenant capitalists were confident that they 'could take a reasonable share of the increased revenue resulting from their capital investments and not have them taken away by the landlords' rent increases' [Brenner, 1976: 64]. The capitalist tenant farmer who directly organised production had to share the surplus he appropriated with the landlord. But the gains in productivity were increasingly accruing to him. Thus the basic desiderata of what we have called a Type B agrarian system had been firmly established by the early years of the seventeenth century. The surplus appropriator both organised pro-duction and also appropriated the gains in productivity. Spurts of investment embodying strategic innovations in English agriculture followed quickly. By the middle of the seventeenth century the concept of mixed farming had taken hold at least on those soils most suited to it. The growing of forage crops (legumes and roots) in place of fallow made possible the raising of herds and flocks without any diminution in grain acreage. On the contrary the increased availability of organic manure substantially raised grain productivity. The effort was enhanced by the more careful selection of seeds and breeds. The first wave of biological-cum-organisational innovations was followed after a lag by a second wave of 'proto-industrial' innovations, that is, the use of better hand tools such as the scythe in place of the sickle and the introduction of chemical fertilisers. Specialist estimates by Jones, Kerridge and others suggest that productivity in English agriculture doubled in the first wave and doubled again in the second wave. Thus by the seventeenth century England had already parted with the rest of Europe on the basis of an agrarian revolution. It happened long before the industrial revolution and is marked most dramatically by the English response to the 'general subsistence crisis' which gripped the rest of Europe about the middle of the seventeenth century. Like the earlier crisis of the fourteenth century this too had Malthusian features on the continent: stagnant production, shortage of food, rising prices, peasant revolts and a demographic collapse. In England, however, productivity rose continuously, food prices were relatively stable and the population continued to grow. What is more, with rising food productivity the whole population could now be sustained by roughly 60 per cent of the workforce. On the one hand this made a large workforce available for absorption into industry. On the other it reduced the real cost of food and hence raised the balance of purchasing power available for manufactures after meeting food costs in both rural and urban households. The very fact of a different English response suggests that at its roots this escape from a 'Malthusian' crisis of the seventeenth century had something to do with the emergence of a different agrarian system in England. A new organisation of production conducive to productivity growth, our Type B system, had pre-empted the crisis in England while the persistence of retrograde agrarian systems of Type A had failed to overcome it on the continent. That this was indeed so is indicated by the contrasting experience of France. While serfdom had declined in France, as in England, in the wake of the earlier." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 71–86. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Willems, Daniel. "Advanced System Controls and Energy Savings for Industrial Boilers." In ASME 2006 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2006-5202.
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The price of natural gas exceeded $15/MM Btu in December 2005 compared to $6/MM Btu just one year ago! It was also just $2/MM Btu in the 1990’s. Crude oil prices exceeded $70/barrel in 2005 compared to $45/barrel just one year ago! To put this into perspective, a 600 HP boiler operating at a 50% average load for 12 hours per day, 365 days per year would have consumed $321,800 in natural gas one year ago but will consume $804,490 in natural per year at today’s cost! The increased cost of fuel has affected operational costs for all boilers regardless of size, age, or manufacturer. The US dependence on foreign oil and natural gas, as well as the escalating energy demands of China, India, and other countries will likely drive energy prices higher in the future. This increase in the cost of fuel has driven responsible boiler manufacturers to develop new products or modify existing ones in order to reduce energy consumption. Major developments have been made in the past few years which improve boiler efficiency, offer innovative heat recovery systems, and integrate high tech controls into boiler systems. This paper will address the developments in boiler design, control systems, and heat recovery systems which all contribute to energy savings. Paper published with permission.
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Van Treuren, Kenneth W. "An Application Oriented Gas Turbine Laboratory Experience." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53761.
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The gas turbine industry is experiencing growth in many sectors. An important part of teaching a gas turbine course is exposing students to the practical applications of the gas turbine. This laboratory proposes an opportunity for students to view an operating gas turbine engine in an aircraft propulsion application and to model the engine performance. A Pratt and Whitney PT6A-20 turboprop was run at a local airfield and engine parameters typical of cockpit instrumentation were taken. The students, in teams of two, then modeled the system using the software PARA and PERF in an attempt to match the manufacturer’s specifications. This laboratory required students to research the parameters necessary to model this engine that were not part of the data set provided by the manufacturer. The research and modeling encompassed areas such as technology level, efficiencies, fuel consumption, and performance. The end result was a two-page report containing the students’ calculations comparing the actual performance of the engine with the manufacturer’s specifications. Supporting graphs and figures were included as appendices. The same type laboratory could be adapted for co-generation gas turbines. Over 121 colleges and universities have co-generation facilities on campus and that presents a unique opportunity for the students to observe the operation of a land-based gas turbine used for power generation. A 5 MW TB5000 manufactured by Ruston (Alstom) Gas Engines is available on the Baylor University campus and is highlighted as an example. Potential problems encountered with using the Baylor University gas turbine are discussed which include lack of appropriate engine instrumentation.
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Bolick, Ronnie L., Ajit D. Kelkar, Jeremy A. Taylor, and Jitendra S. Tate. "Performance Evaluation of Unstitched, Stitched and Z-Pinned Textile Composites Under Static Loading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81053.
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Advances in conventional tape laminates and textile composites provide aircraft manufacturers important technology, but the industry lacks the confidence to use these composites to manufacture wing and fuselage structures due to high cost and low damage tolerance. In order to overcome the high cost and to improve the damage tolerance of composites, researchers have developed new through-the-thickness reinforcement techniques, such as stitching through the thickness. This reinforcement technique can be used to join the skin, stiffeners, ribs and spars to form an integral structure. The structures are typically more damage tolerant, contain fewer fasteners and are less expensive to manufacture than conventional composite or metallic structures. Furthermore, stitching reduces the manufacturing time and labor compared to drilling holes for fasteners, and may eliminate the problems of fatigue and/or corrosion from galvanic reactions with metal fasteners. Woven composites with through the thickness reinforcements such as stitching have good properties not only in mutually orthogonal directions but also in the transverse direction and more balanced properties than traditional tape laminates. They are also expected to have better fatigue and impact resistance due to the interlacing. Another benefit is reduced manufacturing cost by reducing part count. Because of these potential benefits, these composites are being considered for various applications including primary/secondary components for aerospace structures. The objective of this effort is to develop experimental tools for comparing the performance of these composites reinforced by stitching to unstitched composites. Identification of damage mechanisms and forces available to grow damage is essential for identifying the primary parameters that determine performance. Accurate determination of the driving forces will require extensive manufacturing and experimentation. However, once the reinforcement techniques are well understood, it is anticipated that simplified experiments can be developed that could be used routinely by designers to evaluate the effects of the reinforcements on damage tolerance. This paper specifically addresses the performance evaluation of stitched low cost manufactured composites subjected to static loading. Static tension and compression testing was conducted to determine the Ultimate Tensile and Compressive Strengths, Young’s Moduli and Poisson’s Ratio. Two different stitch patterns or stitch densities were used for comparison. The first density was five rows of stitching per inch of width, with eight stitches per inch over the entire length. The second density was three rows of stitching per inch of width, with four stitches per inch over the entire length.
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Conti, Fabien, François Migeon, and Aymeric David. "Verification Scheme for Unbonded Flexible Pipes: Definition, Implementation and Reflection of API 17J." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61916.
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The present paper is related to the verification of unbonded flexible pipes designed and manufactured as per API 17J [1]. Back in the early nineties, in response to the needs of the industry for better quality, reliability and safety in unbonded flexible pipe products, Bureau Veritas established an innovative verification scheme relying not only on qualification testing, but also on the assessment of design methods, materials as well as manufacturing processes. This approach has proven particularly relevant considering several specificities of the flexible pipe industry: no ‘on-the-shelf’ design (each pipe being designed for project specific conditions), manufacturer specific local design methodologies, specific materials and manufacturing methods, high complexity and cost of testing. This paper presents the verification methodology, its application as well as its ability to embody the latest normative requirements given in [1]. The specificity of the verification scheme, which consists in a breakdown between a Type Approval phase and a project phase, is also presented.
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Hedden, Owen F. "Changes Needed to Address Current Institutional Problems." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1805.
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The voluntary support of ASME boiler and pressure vessel Code-writing activity began with the boiler manufacturer leaders getting together to address the problem of catastrophic failures of boilers and pressure vessels. Even into the 1970s, many companies sent their V-P level engineering people to the “Boiler Code”. Not just the major manufacturers, but also the architect-engineers, material suppliers, and inspection/insurance companies had staffs devoted to ASME codes and standards activities. In 1969 I was assigned to a group of four engineers whose full-time responsibility was to the work of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. And there were many others in the company who were also heavily involved in these and other ASME standards committees. The companies were also making other related contributions, such as designing, manufacturing, and donating test vessels to industry R&D groups. All of this meant that we had a great deal of technical support, as well as the usual secretarial support. And six Code meetings per year.
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Balcom, Paige, and Van P. Carey. "Exergy-Based Sustainability Analysis for Tile Production From Waste Plastics in Uganda." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3897.
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Abstract This paper presents an exergy-based sustainability analysis of manufacturing roof tiles from plastic waste in Uganda. Exergy analyses measure the sustainability of industrial processes. This work focuses specifically on the developing country context and on utilizing waste material. A summary of the current plastic waste situation in Uganda, the environmental and health issues associated with plastic waste, current means of recycling plastic waste into new products, and an analysis of the Ugandan roofing market are presented. The motivation for this study is to examine the resources utilized to improve overall exergy efficiency, reduce production costs, and reduce negative environmental impacts. The company, Resintile, is the only manufacturer of roof tiles from plastic waste in Uganda. Their tiles comprised mainly of sand and plastic waste are manufactured in an industrialized process involving drying, extrusion, and pressing. The exergy consumed at each stage including transportation is presented. The extruder consumes the majority of the exergy, but wrapping insulation around the barrel could save over 3 MJ, and a heat engine could provide over 7.5 MJ of usable exergy. The total exergy consumed to produce one batch of seventy-five tiles is over 122 MJ, the potentially recoverable exergy is over 5 MJ (4.3% of consumed exergy), and the realistic recoverable exergy is nearly 10.7 MJ (8.7% of consumed exergy). The realistic can be greater than the potential by adding a heat engine to the sand drying process to generate usable exergy rather than merely recover consumed exergy. Resintile’s plastic roof tiles save a net 86.3 kg of CO2 from entering the atmosphere per batch of tiles and adoption of the suggested improvements to the manufacturing process would save an additional 3.8 kg of CO2 per batch.
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Belady, Christian, Gary Williams, and Shaun Harris. "MX2 Processor Module: Twice the Processors in Half the Volume." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73321.
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Computer manufacturer’s are constantly trying to tweek more performance out of their existing products by using the highest performing processors. Typically, manufacturers upgrade the platforms by simply replacing the old processor with the latest speed processor. Like other manufacturers, HP generally follows this practice with the exception ot HP’s innovative mx2 module. This unique module used two Itanium-2 “Madison” processors packaged in the same physical volume as a single Itanium-2 processor. In addition, the module plugs into a standard Itanium-2 motherboard socket and requires no additional power capacity. As a result, the development team was able get 50% more performance [1] from a socket without increasing power by actively managing the power to the two processors. Thus, the performance per watt was substantially improved. This paper will provide an overview of some of the key packaging and power innovations that made the processor module a reality such as: 1) mezzanine power for space savings. The standard Itanium 2 processor has a power converter adjacent to the processor. HP engineers chose to put power on top of the processor which provided more room but made cooling the processors a challenge. 2) high performance mechnical gap filler. One of the biggest issues in the module was to develop a thermal gap filler that absorbed 0.060” of tolerance between the two processors. The thermal resistance of this technology was an order of magnitude better than anything commercially available in the industry. 3) Power Aware Architecture. This newly developed power mangement technology actively controls power to the processors. When system (thermal and power) extremes were exceeded by worst case abnormal code, the performance was throttled down until the worst case scenario had past. The combination of these advancements has delivered an innovative solution for a highly challenging design problem. This module is now shipping as the mx2 processor module in HP’s Integrity Servers and has been viewed as an engineering marvel by HP executives.
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Denlinger, Derek. "On the Benefits of High-Pressure Heat Treatment Additively Manufactured CoCr." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0030.
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Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) processes are becoming more viable in place of traditional castings in a variety of industries. To compete, novel material grades are being considered with additive manufacturing (AM). In maximizing performance and manufacturing efficiency through AM, a novel approach to heat treatment and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) processing needs to be considered. It has been shown that combining key heat treatment processes with (HIP) by utilizing fast cooling rates can benefit static properties as well as improve turn-around time for HIP processing [1,2]. Argon pressures up to 207 MPa with cooling rates above 170°C per minute are now available in production sized HIP systems to design ideal HIP cycles for high pressure heat treatment. Additive manufacturing with high pressure heat treatment is in need of further investigation for establishing new qualification standards. This study investigates designed High-Pressure Heat Treatment cycles to consider mechanical performance on LPBF CoCr. The combined cycles investigate possible alternatives to historically accepted two step HIP then heat treat processing by combining densification with homogenization treatment into one step. Tensile, fatigue, hardness, microstructure and Charpy impact performance are explored to seek optimal properties and with streamlined thermal processing. It was found that all trial conditions exceeded Electron Beam Melted (EBM) AM CoCr expectation, but traditional processing provided a slight advantage in ultimate tensile stress. One of the novel processes explored, “common” was found to provide a slight improvement on yield stress and direct hardness. Published fatigue data is rare for CoCr, however data generated from this study showed a slight advantage to the “common” HPHT process primarily for lower applied stress levels. Microstructures were comparable across all trial processes. It is recommended that each novel processing route be considered as viable alternatives to traditional processing, but that the “common” processing may prove advantageous for both mechanical properties and streamlined manufacturing.
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Guo, Jiusheng. "Overview of Micro-Manufactured-Based Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Development for Portable Applications." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21029.
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With increasing demand for portable electronics devices, on-board chips, sensors, actuators in microelectronics, medical, and wireless telecommunication industries, etc., a small-power (milliwatt or subwatt range) alternative power source to lithium ion battery is required. Micro-scale fuel cell, especially micro Direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) has attracted attention as a small-size and portable power source, due to the fuel’s capability to deliver high power density per volume and weight. The miniaturization of μDMFC requires special manufacturing techniques different from conventional machining methods in macro-DMFC, which can fabricate the key components in μDMFC and assembly them together in micro-scale level. Thanks to integrated circuit fabrication and Micro-electro-mechanical –system (MEMS), current approach to developing μDMFC is adoption of Silicon micromachining technologies to creating micro-fluidic channels (for fuel and gas delivery). The deposition of thin films of exotic materials using semiconductor techniques is applied to make electrodes and current collector. In the paper, an overview of design and microfabrication of μDMFC was performed. The design configuration of the μDMFCs have been summarized and evaluated. The outputs of the designed and microfabricated μDMFC were analyzed and compared. Finally, the requirements for designing and micro-manufacturing the components and system in μDMFC, and packaging are proposed from technical and cost point of view.
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Sahakian, Misha V., Malcolm O. Brown, Sundar V. Atre, and Karl R. Haapala. "Environmental and Cost Assessment of Several Injection Molded Powder Electronics Packaging Materials." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50057.
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Electronics manufacturing technology has been advancing at an increasing rate for the past few decades and has forced related industries to do the same. One related industry involves the packaging technology used to enclose chips for power electronics. As demands of electronics manufacturers continue to increase in terms of cost, performance, and environmental impacts, so do demands on the packaging technologies involved. A variety of packaging materials have been used and proposed. The performance of each material varies in terms of ease of manufacturing, as well as its heat transfer properties. This study addresses performance, cost, and environmental impact measures to assist in selecting the most appropriate electronics packaging material. A performance study identified epoxy, aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon carbide (SiC) to be the most viable options. Further analysis then found that epoxy outperforms the other options in terms of cost and environmental impact on a per-part basis, with AlN shown to be slightly better than SiC according to both metrics. Since it is known that AlN and SiC have superior material performance to epoxy packaging, further investigation is warranted to elucidate these relative differences, which will result in a more representative functional unit for comparative analysis.
Reports on the topic "Industria manufacturera – Perú"
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Superfos Packaging: Plastics Manufacturer Saves $100,000 Per Year by Implementing Industrial Energy Assessment Recommendations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020468.
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Boletín Económico Regional : Bogotá, IV trimestre de 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-bog.tr4-2020.
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La economía de la región Bogotá y Cundinamarca en el último trimestre de 2020, registró señales de reactivación en algunas actividades económicas. La industria manufacturera y el comercio minorista evidenciaron una recuperación en Cundinamarca, en contraste con los resultados negativos observados en Bogotá. En la construcción se observó una carencia de nuevos proyectos y de culminación de los planeados antes del surgimiento de la pandemia, tanto para las obras civiles como edificaciones. El transporte aéreo y terrestre cayeron, pero esta caída fue menor frente a los reportes de trimestres anteriores. Lo mismo ocurrió con las importaciones, mientras que las exportaciones y las remesas crecieron. La tasa de desempleo aún se mantiene en niveles de dos dígitos y la inflación alcanzó un nivel histórico bajo.