To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Industrial agriculture and human health.
Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial agriculture and human health'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Industrial agriculture and human health.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Horrigan, Leo, Robert S. Lawrence, and Polly Walker. "How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture." Environmental Health Perspectives 110, no. 5 (May 2002): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110445.
Full text
2
Ane, T., and S. Yasmin. "Agriculture in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 23, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v23i2.50060.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture and industry are tied up and both are complementary to each other. The fourth industrial revolution is an advanced digital technology, it focuses an opportunity that could change the environment in the way human think and work. The farms and factories must implement smart technology to move very fast and it should be an innovative applications to embrace the fourth industrial revolution robustly for Bangladesh. The fourth industrial revolution concept combines artificial intelligence and big data that have achieved significant attention and popularity in precision farming like in monitoring, diagnosing insect pests, measuring soil moisture, diagnosing harvest time and monitoring crop health status and reducing complicated monitoring by human. Industry that extend precision agriculture using artificial intelligence with robotic technology in fourth industrial revolution and its application is embedding into smart observation that retrieve real-time information from field level data with minor human interference. The fourth industrial revolution builds a smart farming technology which brings advanced and sustainable changes for both production and agroprocessing. The fourth industrial revolution extends farms production and also increase their value. This paper reviewed the past effects of industrial revolution, discussed expanded benefit into smart farming and predicted impacts of fourth industrial revolution in Bangladesh agriculture.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 115-122
3
Yiljika, John Daniel, and Jonathan Zumunta Danna. "The Changing Environment and Human Activities: Implications for Human Health." International Letters of Natural Sciences 20 (July 2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.20.78.
Full textAbstract:
Change in the environment is inevitable and rapid. The cause of the change could be a natural phenomena or life processes. Human activity such as development of agriculture and technology which give rise to widespread industrialization has led to potentially changing environment as a result of pollution culminating in the release of harmful substances such as Agricultural waste, industrial waste, metal scraps, sewage, microbial concentration, oil spills etc. into the soil, water or air. Human environmental intervention as in the construction of dams and diversion of rivers is another cause of change in the environment. Other causes are ozone depletion, Acid rain and acid mine drainage etc. The impact of the changing environment on human health identified in this paper seek to explore the causes of environmental change, effect of human activities on causes of environmental change and effect of changing environment on human health. The findings identified some effects of human activities as outbreaks of infectious diseases leading to human incapacitation and death in severe cases, damage genetic material leading to heritable genetic disorders, malnourishment as a result of wiping out of plants and animal life. Others are skin cancer, reduction of life expectancy etc. some recommendation were made which are Environmental conservation measures, Governments and Non-governmental organizations educating the citizenry.
4
Abrell, Elan Louis. "From Livestock to Cell-stock." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.6943.
Full textAbstract:
The nascent cellular agriculture industry seeks to produce cell-cultured animal tissue for human consumption. Effectively rendering farmed animals obsolete in food production could mitigate an array of harms inflicted by industrial animal farming on the environment, public health, and human and animal wellbeing, but achieving this outcome is contingent on cellular agriculture entrepreneurs successfully creating a product that closely resembles conventional meat enough to appeal to consumers despite its synthetic origins. This article examines how these politics of resemblance may shape and limit the realization of the industry’s potential benefits. Specifically, it argues that, while cellular agriculture can only realize such benefits through the facilitation of agricultural animal obsolescence, its potential for positive transformations in food production may ultimately be blunted by the degree to which a failure to extend the politics of resemblance from the consumer market to the labor market renders agricultural human laborers obsolete as well.
5
Micskei, Péter. "Reduction of ragweed pollution in industrial utilization system." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 35 (October 20, 2009): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/35/2811.
Full textAbstract:
In Hungary 6.2 billion hectares are used for agricultural and from this area 5.0 billion are polluted by ragweed. In addition, the export of agricultural products will be threatened because of their pollution. Ragweed results also problems in human medicine because of its pollen allergy. More than 30% of the habitants are affected directly or indirect by allergyc diseases. On an annual basis nearly 60 billion HUF is spent on defense against ragweed. From this budget 30 billion HUF comes from the damage of the agriculture and other 30 billion for the cost of the therapy and health insurance. To solve the problems caused by ragweed needs new ideas. The proposals are the gathering and comprehensive utilization. A leap forward, from the ragweed new, market–orientated product should be developed.
6
Yentekakis, Ioannis V., and Philippe Vernoux. "Emissions Control Catalysis." Catalysts 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110912.
Full text
7
Yao, Na, Bing Feng, Meng Zhang, Liang He, Huan Zhang, and Zugen Liu. "Impact of Industrial Production, Dam Construction, and Agriculture on the Z-IBI in River Ecosystems: A Case Study of the Wanan River Basin in China." Water 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020123.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial activity, dam construction, and agriculture—while important for socioeconomic progress—can severely damage the natural environment. To evaluate the effects of these human activities on the bio-integrity of riverine ecosystems, we examined the Wanan reach of the Ganjiang River (Wanan River basin), which contains the river’s largest reservoir. On the basis of 20 attributes of zooplankton, we constructed a zooplankton index of bio-integrity (Z-IBI) evaluation system using range analysis, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis. Our research found that these anthropogenic activities can greatly change the composition and number of zooplankton community. The overall health status of this catchment was classified as “good”, and the eco-health situation of the reference, industrial, dam-controlled and agricultural sites were deemed “healthy”, “fair”, “good”, and “fair”, respectively. Our results suggested that the three activities adversely affected the integrity of local aquatic ecosystems. Agriculture was the activity most detrimental to the zooplankton community, followed by industrial production and dam construction. Therefore, we demonstrated that the Z-IBI evaluation system can be applied to reservoir–riverine ecosystems. We also provide guidance on the ecological protection, assessment, monitoring and of reservoir–riverine ecosystems and suggest that additional Z-IBI evaluation approaches be further developed in the future.
8
Yao, Na, Bing Feng, Meng Zhang, Liang He, Huan Zhang, and Zugen Liu. "Impact of Industrial Production, Dam Construction, and Agriculture on the Z-IBI in River Ecosystems: A Case Study of the Wanan River Basin in China." Water 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020123.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial activity, dam construction, and agriculture—while important for socioeconomic progress—can severely damage the natural environment. To evaluate the effects of these human activities on the bio-integrity of riverine ecosystems, we examined the Wanan reach of the Ganjiang River (Wanan River basin), which contains the river’s largest reservoir. On the basis of 20 attributes of zooplankton, we constructed a zooplankton index of bio-integrity (Z-IBI) evaluation system using range analysis, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis. Our research found that these anthropogenic activities can greatly change the composition and number of zooplankton community. The overall health status of this catchment was classified as “good”, and the eco-health situation of the reference, industrial, dam-controlled and agricultural sites were deemed “healthy”, “fair”, “good”, and “fair”, respectively. Our results suggested that the three activities adversely affected the integrity of local aquatic ecosystems. Agriculture was the activity most detrimental to the zooplankton community, followed by industrial production and dam construction. Therefore, we demonstrated that the Z-IBI evaluation system can be applied to reservoir–riverine ecosystems. We also provide guidance on the ecological protection, assessment, monitoring and of reservoir–riverine ecosystems and suggest that additional Z-IBI evaluation approaches be further developed in the future.
9
Adhikari, Parashu Ram. "An overview of pesticide management in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 18 (May 12, 2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v18i0.19894.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is a wider sector where 54% people are engaged and one-third GDP contributed to the nation. Due to diverse climatic regions, farmers grow different types of agricultural commodities and presence of different pests reduces their production and thus need to apply pesticides. Pesticide Registration and Management Division under the Department of Agriculture is a legal authority to register as well as restrict or ban certain pesticides used in the agricultural sector in Nepal. The paper also emphasizes how Nepal has doing pesticide reduction for the pest management in agriculture considering the food safety, animal and human health and environment protection. And it also focuses on the legal aspects on pesticide management and status of registered, restricted and banned pesticides in the context of neighboring countries and addresses to fulfill the obligations of the international convention related to pesticides and industrial chemicals.
10
Stuart, Diana, and Ryan Gunderson. "Nonhuman Animals as Fictitious Commodities: Exploitation and Consequences in Industrial Agriculture." Society & Animals 28, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341507.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article examines how nonhuman animals, along with land and labor, represent fictitious commodities as described by Karl Polanyi. Animals in agriculture are examined as an extreme example of animal commodification whose use resembles the exploitation of land and labor. Conceptual frameworks developed from Marxist theory, including the subsumption of nature, the second contradiction of capitalism, and alienation, are applied to illustrate how the negative impacts to animals, the environment, and public health associated with animal agriculture are caused by attempts to overcome the incomplete commodification of animals. This article illustrates how social theory can be extended to apply to animals, especially animals who are deeply embedded in human society. The inclusion of animals in social analyses also serves to strengthen our overall understanding of exploitation and oppression under capitalism.
11
Bilčíková, Jana, Veronika Fialková, Eva Kováčiková, Michal Miškeje, Barbara Tombarkiewicz, and Zuzana Kňažická. "Influence of Transition Metals on Animal and Human Health: A Review." Contemporary Agriculture 67, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2018): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2018-0027.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Niobium, osmium, scandium, tungsten and vanadium are transition metals naturally occuring in the environment, particularly in the Earth’s crust. Anthropogenic activities, primarily industrial technologies, have precipitated significant alternations in the concentration and distribution of these metals. Such a dramatic change resulted, by all means, in the bigger potential of the environmental exposure, which poses a threat not only to humans but to all biological systems. Certain elements naturally occur in the animal and human plasma and tissues, but their concentrations are sometimes too low to be detected using the existing modern technologies. In small amounts, such elements are not harmful and some of them have even been suggested to have a beneficial role in the human or animal physiology. However, exposure to excessive antropogenically elevated levels can exert serious negative effects on the environment, agriculture and health. The findings summarized in this paper provide a review of the current knowledge about the implications of the transition metals considered on the health, accentuating the insufficiency and need for more relevant data.
12
Periyasamy, Palani, and Rajendran Sagar. "ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND POLICY ACTIONS BY USING CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SAGO INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA." Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 001, no. 001 (May 15, 2021): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/jelp001.04.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study focusses on water quality, health impact, loss of agriculture production and livestock population. Primary data was collected from 413 households in the study villages of Kaveripuram, Ammampalayam, Kattukkottai and Mallur by adopting the stratified random sampling technique. The information was also gathered on the sago industrial pollution to estimate the households’ willingness to pay for improved water quality, and the human health impacts, loss of agriculture production, livestock populations and loss of environmental resources in the study area. The outcome of this study will be helpful to determining the sustainable environmental upgradation and policy reform.
13
Choudhury, Dr Satabdi Roy. "Re-Focusing Human Relationship with Environment: Development of TOPHI Model and Expedition towards Sustainable Development." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 30, 2021): 2555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36898.
Full textAbstract:
The above maxim makes it evident that human and environment are very closely related and an important part of each other. As human need to interact with environment to obtain our food, water, fuel, medicine, building materials and many others things, thus, protecting the environment is essential to our health, quality of life and ultimately for survival. Humans have been interacting with the environment since, people first walked the earth. Humans have been cutting down forests to clear land to grow crops and building residents. Later on, with introduction of industrialization during 18th century in the UK and slowly spreading in Europe and America and then across the world. Such industrialization indicates technological intervention in organizations related to agriculture, animal husbandry and agriculture related industries. Much of massive production stated taking place and subsequently, the production of wastes as sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial chemicals etc. also started which leads to pollution. Aim of the Study: The present paper proposes the TOPHI Model to draw a holistic picture of relationship between human and environment. The model focuses upon how each parameter are related itself to human existence with mother nature. The model also tries to provide both positive and negative perspective of these relationship. Finally, the paper also tries to lighten the pathway of sustainable development describing its need for ensure better future. The paper not only provide a comprehensive framework covering all the possible elements of nature and human but also hopes to serve as a base for future study.
14
Webber, M. D., and C. Wang. "Industrial organic compounds in selected Canadian soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-073.
Full textAbstract:
Studies were conducted to determine the concentrations of a large number of industrial organic compounds in selected Canadian agricultural soils and to assess the potential for land application of municipal sludges to cause significant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), organochlorine pesticide (OC) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of agricultural land. Twenty-four Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soil Quality Evaluation Program (SQEP) benchmark soils and six intensively cropped southern Ontario soils exhibited similar small concentrations of a few base-neutral and acid (BN&A) extractable industrial organic compounds (seldom >1 mg kg−1 dry wt), PCBs (<200 μg kg−1 dry wt) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Fonofos, the only OP detected, was observed at concentrations <100 μg kg−1 dry wt. Neutral and phenoxy acid herbicide analyses for 13 soils (seven SQEP and six intensively cropped) indicated infrequent detection of these compounds. There was no detection of carbamate herbicides. In most soils, only trace amounts (<10 μg kg−1 dry wt) of OCs were observed but in one intensively cropped soil, DDT exceeded 70 mg kg−1 dw. A greater incidence of compounds such as alpha chlordane, dieldrin, aldrin and DDT in intensively cropped than in other soils is assumed to reflect increased use of these compounds for intensive crop production. Soils treated with sludge according to recommended practice exhibited minor increases in PAH, OC and PCB concentrations. There is no risk to human health or the environment from industrial organic conpounds, except possibly DDT, in Canadian agricultural soils that have received no sludge or from PAHs, OCs and PCBs in soils that have received southern Ontario sludges according to recommended practice. Key words: Municipal sludge, industrial organic compounds, organic contaminants, agricultural sustainability, soil
15
Mahmood, Mir Annice. "On the Privatisation of Health Care in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.651-661.
Full textAbstract:
One of the manifestations of underdevelopment is malnutrition and unhygienic living conditions. These contribute to lowering productivity levels of labour thereby affecting both industrial and agricultural output. This gives rise to other problems such as unemployment, and underemployment which leads to falls in family income and a consequent decline in living standards. The cycle is then repeated. However, till the early 1970s most LDCs did not give due weightage to the improvement of health conditions as they felt that resources would be better utilised in the directly productive sectors of the economy, for example, agriculture and industry to name two. However, the last twenty years has seen, through the basic needs approach, the role that health can play in promoting development. Expenditures in the health sector came to be seen as investments in human capital. The benefits of such investment became apparent from the improvement in the quality of human resources which was reflected by increases. in productivity of the labour force as well as by increasing the length of the expected working life of labour. Thus the provision of better health facilities has a two-fold effect: first it increases the productivity of the existing labour force and, second it increases the quantity of human resources available in the future by increasing the length of working life. Keeping this in view, the Government of Pakistan's policy with regard to the provision of health can be summarised in a five-point agenda:
16
Bailão, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso, Leovigildo Aparecido Costa Santos, Sara Dos Santos Almeida, Patrícia Lima D’Abadia, Ronny José de Morais, Túlio Natalino de Matos, Samantha Salomão Caramori, Cleide Sandra Tavares de Araújo, Carlos De Melo e. Silva Neto, and Luciane Madureira Almeida. "Effect of land-use pattern on the physicochemical and genotoxic properties of water in a low-order stream in Central Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2486.
Full textAbstract:
Low-order streams located near urban areas usually receive domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters that negatively affect river water quality. Additionally, water pollution is associated with land-use variations around the river, which is characterized by unplanned urbanization, intense agricultural activities, and deforestation. This work correlated land-use patterns with physicochemical quality and genotoxic potential of water at four points (P1 to P4) along the Extrema River, located in an industrial and agricultural area of Central Brazil. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water collected from the Extrema River is inappropriate for human consumption. Using the Allium cepa model, no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed at any point; in contrast, the genotoxic potential of these water samples was observed. The correlation of these results with land use showed that the water collected at P3 was the most contaminated; this is probably due to the inflow of wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agriculture activities. Different results were observed for P2 and P4, where land-use analysis attributed the water quality to forest burns. We concluded that differential use of the land changed the characteristics of the associated river water, and A. cepa parameters were more related to land-use characteristics than to physicochemical parameters. This study highlighted the importance of associating land use with the cyto genotoxic potential of water.
17
Nathani, M. D. "Study of Groundwater quality, its impact on human health and Agriculture and Salt Water intrusion in and around Gandhidham, Kachchh, Gujarat." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38062.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Hydrogeochemical studies were carried out in Gandhidham Taluka, Kachchh, Gujarat in post Monsoon season to assess the quality of groundwater and its suitability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purpose. In this study, the groundwater contamination of Gandhidham which is mostly used as a potable source, for irrigation and industrial use along with Narmada water is carried out and compared with the recommended standards set by the Bureau of Intense Standards (BIS) and the WHO. The sample analyzed for the post-monsoon seasons reveals that some of the groundwater sources exceed the permissible limit of WHO and BIS. In this study the physiochemical parameters like electrical conductivity, pH, TDS, chlorides, fluorides Sulfate, Nitrate, and heavy metals like sodium, potassium, cobalt, iron, chromium, copper, Zinc are analyzed. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in post-monsoon seasons 2015, 2016, and 2020 which proves that most of the samples are not fit for drinking. Most of the samples are good for irrigation but not for the long run as a high evaporation rate leads to salinity and finally to degradation of soil quality. Analytical data studies in the study area reveal that there is a saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas of Gandhidham. The results of statistical analysis prove the elevated concentrations of some chemical elements leading to pollution with heavy metals are related to anthropogenic and industrial activities leading to contamination. Keywords: Groundwater quality, Saltwater intrusion, Heavy metals, Kachchh, Gujarat
18
Li, Rongxi, Yuan Yuan, Chengwei Li, Wei Sun, Meng Yang, and Xiangrong Wang. "Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China." Toxics 8, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030075.
Full textAbstract:
Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.
19
Singh, Shubhi, Akanksha Sharma, and Rishabha Malviya. "Industrial Wastewater: Health Concern and Treatment Strategies." Open Biology Journal 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874196702109010001.
Full textAbstract:
Water is a basic need for the functioning of all life forms that exist on earth. However, current water resources are being polluted by anthropogenic sources, which include social unit, as well as agricultural and industrial waste. People all over the world have concerns about the impact of effluent pollution on the atmosphere, which is increasing day by day. It is hard to purify wastewater before it flows into water reservoirs. Hence, the treatment of wastewater remains an essential need before it is allowed to enter natural water streams. Wastewater treatment is relatively a modern practice. This review will particularly discuss the ways of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater. The ultimate purpose of wastewater management is to improve the health of human and environmental aspects.
20
Noel, S. David, and M. R. Rajan. "Utilization of Industrial Effluent for Irrigation - Pros and Cons." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 2015): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.78.
Full textAbstract:
Decreasing water level and shortage of water is being a major problem worldwide. For agriculture purpose this problem gives rise to the use of alternative sources of water. Most of these water sources are affected by the discharge waste of effluent from various types of industries like mining, textiles, chemical etc. Due to reason this effluent may contains many organic toxic substances that could have hazardous impact on human health. In addition, technological development has contributed to increase other industrial dumping that contaminates surface waters. The irregular disposal of industrial effluent has created pollution problems since this effluent is disseminated in the environment or is accumulated in sediments, aquatic organisms, and water. In this paper a solution for this global issue has been addressed and strategies have been suggested for this problem.
21
Madhavan S, Azhagu, Sripriya R, and Priyadharshini R. "India during Covid-19 Pandemic Agriculture Research in Resources." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 2021): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1245.
Full textAbstract:
The duration of the lockdown measures led us to consider how potential food crops and agriculture play a vital role in this pandemic situation. Except the Health services and essential services, agriculture sector play a major role in feeding the large population of the country. (COVID–19) pandemic crises and prompts changes in paddy cultivation. At first, we study about the role of the paddy cultivation for human beings in the lockdown scenario and at second, it fully covered about the farmers and their challenges faced during the paddy cultivation in the lockdown period also it elaborates to their input access, labour facilities in this situation (Human Resources), market availability and these supply chain for paddy thenit’s byproducts. Also, it Prompts Changes in Paddy Cultivation and finally the study carried about the dynamic usage paddy by-products to improve the standard of living of the farmers which means mushroom cultivation, vermicomposting, ropes, packing material, pellets, paper making, mulching techniques, animal feeding, rice bran wax, industrial grade crude oil, husk briquettes and also it act as a carrier for biofertilizers organisms. Year by year the risks faced by Indian farmers keep aggravating in terms of low rainfall, price volatility and rising debts.
22
Galloway, James N., Allison M. Leach, Albert Bleeker, and Jan Willem Erisman. "A chronology of human understanding of the nitrogen cycle." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1621 (July 5, 2013): 20130120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0120.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogen over the ages! It was discovered in the eighteenth century. The following century, its importance in agriculture was documented and the basic components of its cycle were elucidated. In the twentieth century, a process to provide an inexhaustible supply of reactive N (N r ; all N species except N 2 ) for agricultural, industrial and military uses was invented. This discovery and the extensive burning of fossil fuels meant that by the beginning of the twenty-first century, anthropogenic sources of newly created N r were two to three times that of natural terrestrial sources. This caused a fundamental change in the nitrogen cycle; for the first time, there was the potential for enough food to sustain growing populations and changing dietary patterns. However, most N r created by humans is lost to the environment, resulting in a cascade of negative earth systems impacts—including enhanced acid rain, smog, eutrophication, greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion, with associated impacts on human and ecosystem health. The impacts continue and will be magnified, as N r is lost to the environment at an even greater rate. Thus, the challenge for the current century is how to optimize the uses of N while minimizing the negative impacts.
23
Shiva, Mira. "Health Action to Meet Contemporary Challenges." Nutrition and Health 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010608800600102.
Full textAbstract:
While India has made rapid strides in building its medical manpower and medical service, yet many of the major health problems are far from being controlled. Although earlier Health problems have not been resolved, newer threats to health through misguided development are getting superadded. The major health threats today are the denial of minimal sustenance base, such as adequate food and water to an increasing number of people. The rapidly increasing uncontrolled chemicalization of body and environment is another health hazard. Experience has shown that health needs cannot be satisfied merely by expansion of the medical industry. Health care work would have to involve an attempt to arrest the growing threats to health and survival, and rebuilding of the ecological base, to ensure provision of basic needs to all. These efforts would be towards a new economics, because they include radical shifts in food agriculture policy, resources use policy, industrial policy etc and can only be guided by a deep sense of social justice and human concern. Contemporary health care work has increasingly to involve those who are already looking for alternatives e.g. those involved in ecology movements, feminist movement, peace and civil rights groups, those involved in alternative education, agriculture, health care journalism. Priority has to be given and strategies evolved to help add a health dimension, to various health or non health work and initiatives already existing, with a special effort to safeguard the traditional health care knowledge systems from total disintegration. Grass root level feed back should constitute an essential pre-requisite for any (health) policy formulation and its implementation.
24
Zheyuan, Cui, Md Arafatur Rahman, Hai Tao, Yao Liu, Du Pengxuan, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "Need for developing a security robot-based risk management for emerging practices in the workplace using the Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration Model." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203416.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of robotics in the work of co-workers poses some new problems in terms of occupational safety and health. In the workplace, industrial robots are being used increasingly. During operations such as repairs, unmanageable, adjustment, and set-up, robots can cause serious and fatal injuries to workers. Collaborative robotics recently plays a rising role in the manufacturing filed, warehouses, mining agriculture, and much more in modern industrial environments. This development advances with many benefits, like higher efficiency, increased productivity, and new challenges like new hazards and risks from the elimination of human and robotic barriers. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, the Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration Model (AHRCM) approach is to enhance the risk assessment and to make the workplace involving security robots. The robots use perception cameras and generate scene diagrams for semantic depictions of their environment. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have utilized to develop a highly protected security robot based risk management system in the workplace. RESULTS: The experimental results show that the proposed AHRCM method achieves high performance in human-robot mutual adaption and reduce the risk. CONCLUSION: Through an experiment in the field of human subjects, demonstrated that policies based on the proposed model improved the efficiency of the human-robot team significantly compared with policies assuming complete human-robot adaptation.
25
Sorrentino, Giuseppe. "Introduction to emerging industrial applications of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 32, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-00979-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Italian Law of 22 November 2016 has legalized the cultivation of hemp, which drives the development of sustainable agriculture by generating new products with high added value in the new context of circular economy. Hemp cultivation is known for its low environmental impact, as hemp grows fast, suppresses weeds and does not need pesticides. It has no specialized parasites, favors pollination and improves the physical and chemical soil fertility. Recently, many countries have increased their interest in hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.), considering it as a climate-friendly crop that can mitigate climate change and desertification. For these reasons, hemp can be a new protagonist of Italian agriculture already oriented towards the objectives of EU 2030 which predicts 40% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990. The hemp cultivation can activate a new supply chain by allowing using different parts of the plant, benefiting farmers, environment, and human health. Indeed, although a very old plant, hemp will be one of the main protagonists of the green economy in the near future. Its seeds can be used by agri-food industry to produce flour, pasta, pastry and oil, while the stem through canapulo (woody part of stem) in green building sector. Its fiber (external part of stem) will find new applications in textile industry. As for its inflorescences and roots, thanks to the extraction of bioactive molecules, they will play an important role in the pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical industry. Finally, only the medical sector with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extraction from inflorescence is not yet regulated by the aforementioned Italian Law.
26
Tong, Shilu. "Guest Editorial: Global Warming and Population Health." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 1 (1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98001.
Full textAbstract:
Since the industrial revolution, the contribution of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases to the global environment has significantly increased. Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), are accumulating in the atmosphere. These trends are largely attributed to human activities, primarily fossil-fuel combustion, some industrial processes, for example cement production and mining, changes in land use, and agricultural practices. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), made up of more than 2,500 of the world's leading scientists, has recently concluded that human activity might have already begun to change the global climate, and in the absence of efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, the concentrations of these gases are expected to increase significantly throughout the next century (IPCC, 1996).
27
Lomartire, Silvia, João Carlos Marques, and Ana M. M. Gonçalves. "An Overview to the Health Benefits of Seaweeds Consumption." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060341.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, seaweeds are gaining major attention due to the benefits they give to our health. Recent studies demonstrate the high nutritional value of seaweeds and the powerful properties that seaweeds’ bioactive compounds provide. Species of class Phaeophyceae, phylum Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta possess unique compounds with several properties that are potential allies of our health, which make them valuable compounds to be involved in biotechnological applications. In this review, the health benefits given by consumption of seaweeds as whole food or by assumption of bioactive compounds trough natural drugs are highlighted. The use of seaweeds in agriculture is also highlighted, as they assure soils and crops free from chemicals; thus, it is advantageous for our health. The addition of seaweed extracts in food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and industrial companies will enhance the production and consumption/usage of seaweed-based products. Therefore, there is the need to implement the research on seaweeds, with the aim to identify more bioactive compounds, which may assure benefits to human and animal health.
28
Danielopol, Dan L., Christian Griebler, Amara Gunatilaka, and Jos Notenboom. "Present state and future prospects for groundwater ecosystems." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 2 (June 2003): 104–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000109.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological and socioeconomic aspects of subterranean hydrosystems have changed during the past 40–50 years. The major environmental pressures (mainly anthropogenic ones) impact the quantity and quality of groundwater resources and the state of subsurface ecosystems, and it is expected that the environmental pressures on groundwater will continue, at least until 2025, unless new environmental policies change this state of affairs. The world demographic increase and the general rise of water demand constitute one of the major environmental pressures on groundwater ecosystems especially in less developed countries in Africa, Asia and South America. Specific human activities leading to the depletion of groundwater reserves include agricultural practices, landscape alteration, urbanization demand for domestic and public drinking water, various industrial activities such as thermoelectric production and mining, and the rise of tourism in coastal areas. Climate change is contributing to the water crisis too, especially in areas with arid climate and/or in some humid monsoonal countries. The overload of aquifers with pollutants derived from agriculture (fertilizers and pesticides), from industry (release of hydrocarbon chemicals, especially spills), from waste and industrial waters, from domestic and industrial landfills, from the infiltration of pollutants from surface and from the intrusion of saline water affect groundwater quality. The dangerous increase in contaminated subsurface sites with chemicals and microbial pathogens brings with it health risks to humans. Changes of redox condition in groundwater zones, changes of biological diversity, vegetation changes with modification of agriculture practices and impacts at the biosphere scale, such as the increase in the concentration of nitrous oxides in the atmosphere, all impact groundwater ecosystems. Groundwater ecosystems must be better investigated and understood. Economic, social and ecological lines of thinking have to be combined in order to achieve meaningful policies for the sustainable development of groundwater reserves and for the protection of subsurface ecosystems. Practical measures and ideas for the development of policies up to the 2025 time-horizon should improve the sustainable usage of the world's groundwater resources.
29
Nisar, Muhammad Farrukh, Mahnoor Khadim, Muhammad Rafiq, Jinyin Chen, Yali Yang, and Chunpeng Craig Wan. "Pharmacological Properties and Health Benefits of Eugenol: A Comprehensive Review." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2497354.
Full textAbstract:
The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands of drugs. These phytochemicals have great benefits against many ailments particularly the inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-mediated chronic diseases. Eugenol (EUG) is a versatile naturally occurring molecule as phenolic monoterpenoid and frequently found in essential oils in a wide range of plant species. EUG bears huge industrial applications particularly in pharmaceutics, dentistry, flavoring of foods, agriculture, and cosmeceutics. It is being focused recently due to its great potential in preventing several chronic conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared EUG as a nonmutant and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) molecule. The available literature about pharmacological activities of EUG shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and has a significant effect on human health. The current manuscript summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of EUG and its potential health benefits.
30
Pieri, Angela, Richard Aschbacher, Giada Fasani, Jole Mariella, Lorenzo Brusetti, Elisabetta Pagani, Massimo Sartelli, and Leonardo Pagani. "Country Income Is Only One of the Tiles: The Global Journey of Antimicrobial Resistance among Humans, Animals, and Environment." Antibiotics 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080473.
Full textAbstract:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most complex global health challenges today: decades of overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal health, agriculture, and dispersion into the environment have produced the dire consequence of infections to become progressively untreatable. Infection control and prevention (IPC) procedures, the reduction of overuse, and the misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine are the cornerstones required to prevent the spreading of resistant bacteria. Purified drinking water and strongly improved sanitation even in remote areas would prevent the pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste, as all these situations are expanding the resistome in the environment. The One Health concept addresses the interconnected relationships between human, animal, and environmental health as a whole: several countries and international agencies have now included a One Health Approach within their action plans to address AMR. Improved antimicrobial usage, coupled with regulation and policy, as well as integrated surveillance, infection control and prevention, along with antimicrobial stewardship, sanitation, and animal husbandry should all be integrated parts of any new action plan targeted to tackle AMR on the Earth. Since AMR is found in bacteria from humans, animals, and in the environment, we briefly summarize herein the current concepts of One Health as a global challenge to enable the continued use of antibiotics.
31
Singh, Brajesh K., Pankaj Trivedi, Saurabh Singh, Catriona A. Macdonald, and Jay Prakash Verma. "Emerging microbiome technologies for sustainable increase in farm productivity and environmental security." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 1 (2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18006.
Full textAbstract:
Farming systems are under pressure to sustainably increase productivity to meet demand for food and fibre for a growing global population under shrinking arable lands and changing climatic conditions. Furthermore, conventional farming has led to declines in soil fertility and, in some cases, inappropriate and excessive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides has caused soil degradation, negatively impacting human and environmental health. The soil and plant microbiomes are significant determinants of plant fitness and productivity. Microbes are also the main drivers of global biogeochemical cycles and thus key to sustainable agriculture. There is increasing evidence that with development of appropriate technologies, the plant microbiome can be harnessed to potentially decrease the frequency of plant diseases, increase resource use efficiencies and ultimately enhance agricultural productivity, while simultaneously decreasing the input of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability. However, to successfully translate potential to practical outcomes, both fundamental and applied research are needed to overcome current constraints. Research efforts need to be embedded in industrial requirements and policy and social frameworks to expedite the process of innovation, commercialisation and adoption. We propose that learning from the advancement in the human microbiome can significantly expedite the discovery and innovation of effective microbial products for sustainable and productive farming. This article summarises the emergence of microbiome technologies for the agriculture industry and how to facilitate the development and adoption of environmentally friendly microbiome technologies for sustainable increase in farm productivity.
32
De Benedicto, Samuel Carvalho, Jefferson Pereira da Silva Castro, Cibele Roberta Sugahara, and Cândido Ferreira Silva Filho. "The Brazilian Agribusiness and the Consequences of the Intensive Use of Agrochemicals." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss1.1296.
Full textAbstract:
To meet the continued growth of the population and to extinguish the hunger that still affects 800 million of those living in underdeveloped countries, the increase in the supply of food is becoming more urgent. However, it is also essential to reduce the use of pesticides, in order to offer a better quality food, with less negative impacts on the environment and on the human health, through polycultures grown in smaller areas of plantations. This work, based on a bibliographical research, aims to present some of the risks and consequences arising from the use of agrochemicals in Brazil. On one hand, they enable the cultivation of monocultures, and on the other, they affect the health of farm workers, consumers and the environment. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the discussion about the risks of pesticides. And as a result, arguments corroborating the idea that the great challenge is to rethink industrial agriculture and begin a transition of food systems, based on a sustainable, biodiversity-based and socially fair agricultural model.
33
Shala, Albona, Fatbardh Sallaku, Agron Shala, and Shkëlzim Ukaj. "The effects of industrial and agricultural activity on the water quality of the Sitnica River (Kosovo)." Geoadria 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.28.
Full textAbstract:
An important issue in Kosovo is water pollution. The use of polluted water has a direct impact on human health and cause long-term consequences. The longest and most polluted river in Kosovo is the Sitnica, a 90 km long river with its source located near the village of Sazli. The river flows into the Ibar River in Northern Kosovo. Agriculture is prevailing activity in the basin of Sitnica which is why agricultural as well as industrial waste are the biggest water pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality of the river and analyse the pollution level along the Sitnica River caused by agricultural activities and industrial discharges. In order to assess the impact of pollutants on this river, a measurements were carried out in four (five) monitoring stations: the first station represents the reference station which has not undergone or has not been affected by polluting pressures, two stations in water areas affected by the irrigation of farming land and two monitoring stations in water areas affected by industrial wastewater discharge. Some of the parameters of water quality analysed are temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, DO, COD, BOD, P total, nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals iron, manganese, zinc, nickel. Compared to the reference station the results obtained from the Gracka and Pestova monitoring stations prove that the dominant form of pollution is that from agricultural lands irrigation, while the Plemetin and Mitrovica stations show that the Sitnica River is affected by wastewater discharge which contains significant concentrations of heavy metals, as well as metal ions selected in this paper. It can be concluded that the irrigation of agricultural lands and discharges from mining significantly affect water quality of the Sitnica River.
34
Balotin, Lauren, Samantha Distler, Antoinette Williams, Samuel J. W. Peters, Candis M. Hunter, Chris Theal, Gil Frank, et al. "Atlanta Residents’ Knowledge Regarding Heavy Metal Exposures and Remediation in Urban Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062069.
Full textAbstract:
Urban agriculture and gardening provide many health benefits, but the soil is sometimes at risk of heavy metal and metalloid (HMM) contamination. HMM, such as lead and arsenic, can result in adverse health effects for humans. Gardeners may face exposure to these contaminants because of their regular contact with soil and consumption of produce grown in urban areas. However, there is a lack of research regarding whether differential exposure to HMM may be attributed to differential knowledge of exposure sources. In 2018, industrial slag and hazardous levels of soil contamination were detected in West Atlanta. We conducted community-engaged research through surveys and follow-up interviews to understand awareness of slag, HMM in soil, and potential remediation options. Home gardeners were more likely to recognize HMM health effects and to cite health as a significant benefit of gardening than community gardeners. In terms of knowledge, participants were concerned about the potential health effects of contaminants in soil yet unconcerned with produce in their gardens. Gardeners’ knowledge on sources of HMM exposure and methods for remediation were low and varied based on racial group.
35
Chernenko, E. M., and I. S. Lebedeva. "ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE KRASNODAR REGION." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1639-1656.
Full textAbstract:
Human capital is the basis of economic growth in modern Russia. One of the results of the work of the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve the goals and objectives of sustainable development, fixed in the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development for the period up to 2030, was their inclusion in the main strategic and program documents. The basic concept of national goals and strategic objectives of the country is an orientation towards a post-industrial economy in which the main socio-economic advantages of Russia in the global economy lie in the area of human capital. The article discusses approaches to the definition of “human capital”. The authors consider the human capital of the region as a set of human resources concentrated in its territory and possessing professional skills and knowledge, as well as health status and labor motivation. It was revealed that such peculiarity of the region as its agro-industrial orientation provides a significant contribution of agriculture to its economy, but at the same time requires increased attention to the human capital. The three main components of the region’s potential (income, longevity and education) should be the priority areas for public investment. The article presents a comparative assessment of the human capital of the Krasnodar Territory and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The disadvantages of using the methodology for calculating the human development index are revealed, in particular the imbalance of individual components of the index when assessing regions. The authors found that the human capital of the country largely depends on the human capital of the industries that ensure the population’s life quality. An indicator of an effective connection between the economy and health care is the improvement in the quality of life of the population and, as a consequence, the potential of the region.
36
V, Tharani, and Revathi P. "Impact of industrial pollution on physiological growth and nutrient contents of common green leafy vegetables." Kongunadu Research Journal 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2020.16.
Full textAbstract:
The agriculture has been always remaining as backbone of economy. Maintenance of soil and water quality has been pointed out as one of the major contributing factors for sustainability of agricultural production. Conserving the water sources and agricultural lands for getting non-toxic food from plants, the present study has undertaken to investigate the mineral composition and vitamin contents of green leafy vegetables as well as the effect of pollution on plant physiology. Normal soil and water, Industrial non - recycled water and soil were collected from the Thekkampatti village of Karamadai, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Industrial recycled water and soil have collected from the Otterpalayam (Annur) of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. The result indicates that industrial non recycled water possess pH of 8.9 shows alkalinity. Industrial water non recycled soil the Chromium (58.0 mg/L) is present in higher quantity. The germination percentage was desirably good in normal soil and followed by water recycled soil cultivated green leaves. In non-recycled soil it was delayed thegermination and percentage also very poor. In case of Amaranthus polygonoides, the germination was completely inhibited by the water recycled soil as well as water non-recycled polluted soil. The impact of pollution present in the non-recycled soil was clearly observed in respective plant leaf numbers, size and shoot length. The present study is also one of the attempts to prove the importance of recycling of industrial pollution as well as the impact of non-recycled heavy metal pollution in common green leafy vegetables growth and nutrients. The industries should follow the recycling process based on the chemicals utilized for their products. The soil and water are need to conserve with efficient recycling methods in order to prevent the pollution which in turn becomes health hazards for the human and other living organisms through crop plants.
37
Mijailovic, Nikola, Andrea Nesler, Michele Perazzolli, Essaid Aït Barka, and Aziz Aziz. "Rare Sugars: Recent Advances and Their Potential Role in Sustainable Crop Protection." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061720.
Full textAbstract:
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with a limited availability in the nature and almost unknown biological functions. The use of industrial enzymatic and microbial processes greatly reduced their production costs, making research on these molecules more accessible. Since then, the number of studies on their medical/clinical applications grew and rare sugars emerged as potential candidates to replace conventional sugars in human nutrition thanks to their beneficial health effects. More recently, the potential use of rare sugars in agriculture was also highlighted. However, overviews and critical evaluations on this topic are missing. This review aims to provide the current knowledge about the effects of rare sugars on the organisms of the farming ecosystem, with an emphasis on their mode of action and practical use as an innovative tool for sustainable agriculture. Some rare sugars can impact the plant growth and immune responses by affecting metabolic homeostasis and the hormonal signaling pathways. These properties could be used for the development of new herbicides, plant growth regulators and resistance inducers. Other rare sugars also showed antinutritional properties on some phytopathogens and biocidal activity against some plant pests, highlighting their promising potential for the development of new sustainable pesticides. Their low risk for human health also makes them safe and ecofriendly alternatives to agrochemicals.
38
De Santiago, A., and M. Aguilar-Santelises. "Organotin compounds decrease in vitro survival, proliferation and differentiation of normal human B lymphocytes." Human & Experimental Toxicology 18, no. 10 (October 1999): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032799678839437.
Full textAbstract:
Organotin compounds (OTC) are organometallic compounds with vast industrial and agriculture applications that give rise to ubiquitous environmental contamination. OTC are immunotoxic, but most studies have been performed in rodents and almost exclusively focused on T cell immunity. Humans can be exposed to OTC by inhalation, absorption, and consumption of contaminated food and water. To analyse the effects of OTC in human immune tissue, we isolated B cells from tonsils and exposed them to five OTC at various concentrations, during in vitro culture. Non-stimulated B cells were killed by 100 nM of all tested OTC after 8 h in vitro culture, under sub-optimal conditions, except TET. OTC also decreased the proliferation of tonsillar B lymphocytes stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) and IL-2, when present at 100 nM and higher concentrations. IgM secretion was reduced in stimulated cell cultures exposed to 100 nM dibutyltin chloride (DBT). Accordingly, increased phosphatidylserine exposure demonstrated that 100 nM TPT and DBT induced B cells to die by apoptosis. These data indicate that human B cells are diminished in their capacity to survive, proliferate and differentiate in the presence of OTC in vitro.
39
Redden, Robert. "Genetic Modification for Agriculture—Proposed Revision of GMO Regulation in Australia." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040747.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic engineering (GM) of crops, modified with DNA transfer between species, has been highly regulated for over two decades. Now, genome editing (GE) enables a range of DNA alterations, from single base pair changes to precise gene insertion with site-directed nucleases (SDNs). Past regulations, established according to the precautionary principle of avoiding potential risks to human health and the environment, are predicated on fears fanned by well-funded and emotional anti-GM campaigns. These fears ignore the safety record of GM crops over the last 25 years and the benefits of GM to crop productivity, disease and pest resistance, and the environment. GE is now superseding GM, and public education is needed about its benefits and its potential to meet the challenges of climate change for crops. World population will exceed 9 billion by 2050, and world CO2 levels are now over 400 ppm in contrast with a pre-industrial 280 ppm, leading to a projected 1.5 °C global warming by 2050, with more stressful crop environments. The required abiotic and biotic stress tolerances can be introgressed from crop wild relatives (CWR) into domestic crops via GE. Restrictive regulations need to be lifted to facilitate GE technologies for sustainable agriculture in Australia and the world.
40
Brandt, J., J. D. Silver, J. H. Christensen, M. S. Andersen, J. H. Bønløkke, T. Sigsgaard, C. Geels, et al. "Contribution from the ten major emission sectors in Europe and Denmark to the health-cost externalities of air pollution using the EVA model system – an integrated modelling approach." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (August 12, 2013): 7725–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7725-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We have developed an integrated model system, EVA (Economic Valuation of Air pollution), based on the impact-pathway chain, to assess the health-related economic externalities of air pollution resulting from specific emission sources or sectors, which can be used to support policy-making with respect to emission control. Central for the system is a newly developed tagging method capable of calculating the contribution from a specific emission source or sector to the overall air pollution levels, taking into account the non-linear atmospheric chemistry. The main objective of this work is to identify the anthropogenic emission sources in Europe and Denmark that contribute the most to human health impacts. In this study, we applied the EVA system to Europe and Denmark, with a detailed analysis of health-related external costs from the ten major emission sectors and their relative contributions. The paper contains a thorough description of the EVA system, the main results from the assessment of the main contributors and a discussion of the most important atmospheric chemical reactions relevant for interpreting the results. The main conclusion from the analysis is that the major contributors to health-related external costs are major power production, agriculture, road traffic, and non-industrial domestic combustion, including wood combustion. We conclude that when regulating the emissions of ammonia from the agricultural sector, both the impacts on nature and on human health should be taken into account. This study confirms that air pollution constitutes a serious problem for human health and that the related external costs are considerable. The results in this work emphasize the importance of defining the right questions in the decision-making process. The results from assessing the impacts from each emission sector depend clearly on the assumption that the other emission sectors are not changed, especially emissions changing concentrations of atmospheric OH and therefore lifetimes of other chemical species.
41
Johnston, Fay H., Shannon Melody, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "The pyrohealth transition: how combustion emissions have shaped health through human history." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1696 (June 5, 2016): 20150173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0173.
Full textAbstract:
Air pollution from landscape fires, domestic fires and fossil fuel combustion is recognized as the single most important global environmental risk factor for human mortality and is associated with a global burden of disease almost as large as that of tobacco smoking. The shift from a reliance on biomass to fossil fuels for powering economies, broadly described as the pyric transition, frames key patterns in human fire usage and landscape fire activity. These have produced distinct patters of human exposure to air pollution associated with the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions and post-industrial the Earth global system-wide changes increasingly known as the Anthropocene. Changes in patterns of human fertility, mortality and morbidity associated with economic development have been previously described in terms of demographic, epidemiological and nutrition transitions, yet these frameworks have not explicitly considered the direct consequences of combustion emissions for human health. To address this gap, we propose a pyrohealth transition and use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) collaboration to compare direct mortality impacts of emissions from landscape fires, domestic fires, fossil fuel combustion and the global epidemic of tobacco smoking. Improving human health and reducing the environmental impacts on the Earth system will require a considerable reduction in biomass and fossil fuel combustion. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.
42
Kravchuk, O. P., P. G. Zhminko, V. I. Medvedev, A. P. Grynko, S. G. Sergeev, L. P. Ivanova, O. M. Bagatska, et al. "Assessment of hazard and hygienic rating of flubendiamide in agricultural food products of the plant origin, industrial and environmental objects." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 82-83, no. 2-3 (September 27, 2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-13-23.
Full textAbstract:
Flubendiamide is recommended for use as an insecticide for corn, sunflower, soybean, cabbage, and tomatoes. The State Enterprise “L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety” of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine conducted a study on toxicological and hygienic assessment of flubendiamide and insecticide Belt 480 SC on its basis; the justification of flubendiamide PDE (permitted daily exposure) to human, hygienic rates of the substance and the rules for safe use of the drug. Objectives. Toxicological and hygienic assessment of the use of insecticide on the basis of flubendiamide, assessment of the risk of its impact on agricultural workers and population. Methods. Expert-analytical, toxicological, physical and chemical, and hygienic. Results. According to the toxicity parameters, flubendiamide and Belt 480 SC are pesticides of the second class of hazard. The mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic activity, embryo and reproductive toxicity of flubendiamide are not limiting in assessing its hazard. The results of field studies showed that residual amounts of flubendiamide were not found in the crop of corn and soybean, sunflower seeds, cabbage and tomatoes. The degree of possible occupational risk of exposure to flubendiamide in case of intake by agricultural workers via inhalation and dermal routes does not exceed the permissible level. Conclusion. Insecticide Belt 480 SC, based on flubendiamide in agriculture of Ukraine in corn, sunflower, soybean, cabbage and tomatoes under adherence to hygienic rates and regulations is not hazardous from the point of view of the possibility of contamination of agricultural crops and environmental objects with flubendiamide. Key words: insecticide, flubendiamide, toxicology, hygienic rates and regulations, assessment of hazard.
43
Farooqi, Abida, Jawairia Sultana, and Noshin Masood. "Arsenic and fluoride co-contamination in shallow aquifers from agricultural suburbs and an industrial area of Punjab, Pakistan: Spatial trends, sources and human health implications." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 8 (June 21, 2017): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233717706802.
Full textAbstract:
Release of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) species into groundwater is a serious health concern around the world. The present study was the first systematic baseline study conducted in Rahim Yar Khan district, Punjab, focusing on As and F− contamination in groundwater. A total of 51 representative groundwater samples comprising of 44 samples from agricultural suburbs and 7 from an industrial base were analysed. Statistical parameters, principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) and health risk assessment model were used to investigate the hydro geochemistry, spatial patterns, interrelation, source contribution and associated health risks of high As and F− in groundwater of the study area. Results showed high risk of F− exposure to people of the study area, with all samples exceeding the WHO standard of 1.5 mg/L, and for As, 32.5% of the studied groundwater samples exceeded the WHO standard (10 µg/L). The maximum As (107.23 µg/L) and F− (26.4 mg/L) levels were observed in samples close to the agricultural and smelting areas, implicating the frequent use of fertilizers and influence of industrial effluents in the study area. The PCA-MLR receptor model quantitatively illustrates that the majority of As and F− comes from natural sources, while, among anthropogenic sources, industrial and agricultural activities contributed the most. Health risk assessment revealed a high risk of As and F− contamination to the exposed population; therefore, detailed control strategies and policies are required in order to mitigate the health risks.
44
Shirtcliff, Benjamin, Rosie Manzo, and Rachel Scudder. "Crosscutting environmental risk with design: A multi-site, multi-city socioecological approach for Iowa’s diversifying small towns." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 23, 2021): e0252127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252127.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, the influx of refugee, migrant, and immigrant populations into small centers of industrialized agriculture has called attention to a looming public health crisis. As small towns shift from remote villages into rural, agri-industrial centers, they offer limited access to amenities needed to support human well-being. Our study focused on three Iowa towns that continue to experience an increase in under-represented minority populations and decline of majority populations as a proxy for studying shifting populations in an era of industrialized agriculture and global capital. We aimed to understand the socioecological impact of built environments—outdoor locations where people live and work—and likelihood of environmental exposures to impact vulnerable populations. Urban socioecological measures tend to present contradictory results in small towns due to their reliance on density and proximity. To compensate, we used post-occupancy evaluations (POE) to examine built environments for evidence of access to environmental design criteria to support healthy behaviors. The study systematically identified 44 locations on transects across three small towns to employ a 62 item POE and assess multiple environmental criteria to crosscut design with environmental health disparities. Principal-components factor analysis identified two distinct significant components for environmental risk and population vulnerability, supporting similar studies on parallel communities. Multilevel modeling found a divergence between supportive environmental design coupled with an increase environmental risk due to location. The combined effect likely contributes to environmental health disparities. The study provides a strategy for auditing small town built environments as well as insight into achieving equity.
45
Okereafor, Uchenna, Mamookho Makhatha, Lukhanyo Mekuto, Nkemdinma Uche-Okereafor, Tendani Sebola, and Vuyo Mavumengwana. "Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072204.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of environmental pollution is a global concern as it affects the entire ecosystem. There is a cyclic revolution of pollutants from industrial waste or anthropogenic sources into the environment, farmlands, plants, livestock and subsequently humans through the food chain. Most of the toxic metal cases in Africa and other developing nations are a result of industrialization coupled with poor effluent disposal and management. Due to widespread mining activities in South Africa, pollution is a common site with devastating consequences on the health of animals and humans likewise. In recent years, talks on toxic metal pollution had taken center stage in most scientific symposiums as a serious health concern. Very high levels of toxic metals have been reported in most parts of South African soils, plants, animals and water bodies due to pollution. Toxic metals such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Aluminium (Al), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Arsenic (As) are major mining effluents from tailings which contaminate both the surface and underground water, soil and food, thus affecting biological function, endocrine systems and growth. Environmental toxicity in livestock is traceable to pesticides, agrochemicals and toxic metals. In this review, concerted efforts were made to condense the information contained in literature regarding toxic metal pollution and its implications in soil, water, plants, animals, marine life and human health.
46
GE, DANYANG, HAICHENG GAO, NAN GUO, MENGMENG JIANG, HAIXIA MA, YINGCHUN LI, LIANNISHANG LI, et al. "Heavy Metals in Grains from Jilin Province, China, and Human Health Risk." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 12 (July 30, 2020): 2193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-075.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Heavy metals are an indispensable part of industrial and agricultural development. As the cradle of China's industry and an important province for agricultural production, Jilin Province has been an area of concern about heavy metal pollution in the local environment and grains. In this study, we focused on four heavy metals that are harmful to humans: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), methylmercury (MeHg), and inorganic arsenic (iAs). We determined the contents of these metals in 341 grain samples by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and liquid chromatography–atomic fluorescence spectrometry and compared our results with the limit value of national standards. To evaluate the potential risk to human health, we determined the target hazard quotient and hazard index. Heavy metals were detected at these rates, from high to low: Cd (48%) > iAs (20.8%) > MeHg (4.6%) > Pb (3%). Most of these values are far below the limit of national standards. The target hazard quotient and hazard index were both smaller than 1; thus, we conclude that heavy metal pollution in grains in Jilin Province is not serious and that people are not at high risk from heavy metals in grains. HIGHLIGHTS
47
Ha, Nguyen Hai, Pham Le Bich Hang, Nong Van Hai, and Le Thi Thu Hien. "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/4/13397.
Full textAbstract:
The status of research, development and application of genetic technology in the US has been reflected through efforts and accomplishments in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture in the past decades. In the area of medicine, the field of therapeutic purposes on human is the pioneer, in which gene therapy is attempted to carry out in various clinical trials. Diagnostic applications of human diseases which focus primarily on infectious diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics and screening for inherited diseases by using molecular techniques related to PCR, next generation sequencing are followed. In addition, preparatory studies on human cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology have been undertaken in hopes of finding new treatments for cancer and rare form of eye disorder. In the field of agriculture, many large companies in the US have been developing varieties of genetically modified crops with traits of herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, drought resistance and nutrition enhancement. Among the biotech crops, proportion of planted acres of genetically engineered soybean, corn and cotton were increased rapidly and forecasted to expand in the coming years. Studies on generating genetically modified animals and fisheries have also been concentrated in order to not only resist diseases, enhance nutrition, but also provide pharmaceutical compounds. Application of new gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 on plants and animals help biotech products have more opportunities to be approved for commercial sale in the US market. In general, although the research and application of genetic engineering in the US has outstripped worldwide, numerous obstacles are still encountered due to serious ethical regulations and controversy regarding to human health and environment. The US government continues to establish suitable policies and invest in science and technology to improve the quality of human life.
48
Blasi, Francesca, and Lina Cossignani. "An Overview of Natural Extracts with Antioxidant Activity for the Improvement of the Oxidative Stability and Shelf Life of Edible Oils." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080956.
Full textAbstract:
Many plant materials, such as fruits and vegetables as well as herbs and spices, represent valuable sources of antioxidants. In recent years, wastes from agriculture and food industrial processes have been shown to be interesting sources for bioactive compound recovery, strongly contributing to the circular economy. Nowadays, because of their possible adverse effects on human health, there is a tendency to replace synthetic antioxidants with natural compounds. This review attempts to critically summarize the current evidence on plant bioactives, extracted from food or waste, added to unsaturated vegetable oils, in order to obtain high added-value products and to ameliorate their oxidative stability and shelf life. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the current status of the research on edible oils added with natural plant bioactives, highlighting new approaches in the field of health-promoting foods.
49
Motas, Miguel, Sandra Jiménez, José Oliva, Miguel Ángel Cámara, and María Dolores Pérez-Cárceles. "Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk from Industrial/Mining and Agricultural Zones of Southeastern Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179289.
Full textAbstract:
Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but can also be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of metal pollution in the breast milk of women living in agricultural and industrial/mining areas of the Region of Murcia (Spain) that are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Human milk samples were collected from 50 mothers and inorganic contaminants were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean or maximum concentrations of the different inorganic elements analyzed in breast milk, with the exception of manganese, exceeded the maximum limits established by the WHO and could constitute a high risk for pregnant mothers and their children. The breast milk of women living in the industrial/mining zone presented the highest levels of aluminum, zinc, arsenic, lead, mercury and nickel. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of manganese, chromium and iron were determined in the milk of women living in the agricultural zone. These results suggested and confirmed different profiles of environmental contamination of these areas.
50
Ali, Hazrat, Ezzat Khan, and Ikram Ilahi. "Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (March 5, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6730305.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulative nature. Their natural sources include weathering of metal-bearing rocks and volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include mining and various industrial and agricultural activities. Mining and industrial processing for extraction of mineral resources and their subsequent applications for industrial, agricultural, and economic development has led to an increase in the mobilization of these elements in the environment and disturbance of their biogeochemical cycles. Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. This article comprehensively reviews the different aspects of heavy metals as hazardous materials with special focus on their environmental persistence, toxicity for living organisms, and bioaccumulative potential. The bioaccumulation of these elements and its implications for human health are discussed with a special coverage on fish, rice, and tobacco. The article will serve as a valuable educational resource for both undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in environmental sciences. Environmentally relevant most hazardous heavy metals and metalloids include Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The trophic transfer of these elements in aquatic and terrestrial food chains/webs has important implications for wildlife and human health. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids in different environmental segments and in the resident biota. A comprehensive study of the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals and metalloids shows that steps should be taken to minimize the impact of these elements on human health and the environment.