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1
Ziniades, Catherine. "The development of an industrial process to produce AC γ-linolenic acid using Choanephora cucurbitarum." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22047.
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Bibliography: pages 163-169.The objective of this work was to produce γ-linolenic acid (γLA) using a fungus in submerged fermentation. Selection work was aimed at identifying a fungal strain capable of yielding a high level of γLA in an industrial fermentation. Thirty-nine fungal strains were screened under shake flask conditions. The major criteria used in evaluating these strains were, the yield of γLA per unit volume (g/l) and γLA as a percentage of fatty acids, which is important in the downstream processing of γLA . Other parameters of industrial importance such as strain handling and the fatty acid profile were also considered. Eleven fungi in the order Phycomycetes were identified after initial screening. From these fungi, a strain of Choanephora cucurbitarum was found to give superior γLA yields. c. cucurbitarum produced γLA yields of 331mg/l and 674mg/l in shake flask and laboratory fermenters respectively. This strain had other industrially beneficial qualities such as good sporulation, a good biomass of 22, 5g/l and a relatively high yield of γLA of 2,99g/100g dry matter. Subsequently a Zygorhynchus heterogamus strain was found to give similar yields of γLA to c. cucurbitarum. z. heterogamus also had a high γLA : linoleic acid ratio which aids the purification of γLA . This is the first known report of a high level of γLA in the genus Zygorhynchus. The industrial development of γLA production by Zygorhynchus is not reported.
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Lunnbäck, Johan. "Hydrodynamic cavitation applied to anaerobic degradation of fats, oils and greases (FOGs)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140685.
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To increase profitability for biogas production, new innovative substrates and condition of operations needs to be implemented. At the current state, fats, oils and greases (FOGs) represent a promising substrate even though it brings operational challenges to the anaerobic digestion process. By utilizing hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as a pre-treatment of the FOGs, the efficiency of FOGs’ co-digestion with wastewater sludge can be significantly improved. Preliminary experiments conducted on oil and water demonstrates that the HC pre-treatment improves the oil solubilisation as well as forms stable oil and water emulsion that last for several hours. The pre-treatment also improved the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) of biosludge (BiSl) by up to 115% and the initial degradation rate by up to 35%. In a semi-continues system, this allowed a significant increment in the specific methane yield depending on the organic loading rate (OLR) applied1. With sufficient process optimization, the HC-pre-treatment may prove to be an energy efficient and effective pre-treatment of FOGs.
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Lin, Lu. "Characterizations of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing different types of milk fats prepared using rhamnolipids as emulsifiers : [a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Technology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand] EMBARGOED UNTIL 1 MARCH 2011." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1323.
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Emulsions containing three different types of milk fat fractions (MF13, MF27 and MF42) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) were prepared at oil to water (O/W) ratios of 1:9, 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3 using rhamnolipids as emulsifiers. The prepared emulsions were analyzed for their storage stability and properties (colour, particle size, zeta potential and rheology). The effects of various factors (freezing/thawing, heating, pH, salts and ionic strength) on the stability of emulsions were also investigated. All emulsions prepared with an O/W ratio of 7:3, regardless of the type of milk fat, rendered a highly condensed, semi solid and cream-like substance whereas other emulsions containing less oil were in a liquid form. Among the four different O/W ratios tested, the highest emulsion stability during the storage of 12 weeks was observed from the emulsions containing 1:9 O/W ratios, due to a combine effect of smaller emulsion particle size and lower collision frequency between droplets. Interestingly, the emulsions with 7:3 O/W ratios were found to be more stable than the ones with 5:5 O/W ratios. This might be due to the limited movements of closely-packed emulsion droplets induced by the high oil concentration of 7:3 O/W ratios. The emulsion stability was significantly affected by low pH, especially at lower than pH 4, due to the loss of electrostatic repulsions between droplets leading to droplet coalescence and also possibly due to hydrolysis of rhamnolipid molecules. The presence of salts (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2) also rendered the emulsion unstable. The degree of instability was gradually increased with increasing salt concentrations. CaCl2 had the most significant effect even at a very low concentration. The viscosity of emulsions increased with increasing oil concentration but was not affected by the types of milk fats. Emulsions with 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3 O/W ratios exhibited non-Newtonian and shear thinning flow behaviour. At 7:3 O/W ratios, MF13 exhibited gel-like properties whereas both MF42 and AMF emulsions became more solid-like at higher frequency.
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Corsi, Giacomo. "Fast Neural Network Technique for Industrial OCR." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15258/.
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The content of my thesis describes the work done during my internship at Datalogic in Pasadena. This project improves the performance of the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) solution with use of Deep Learning (DL) techniques. It enhances the character detection process that had been previously developed and relies on template matching done on the Histogram of Gradients (HOG) features. This approach had been already validated with good performance, but detects only those characters which do not vary in the dataset.
First, this document gives a introduction to OCR and DL topics, then describes the pipeline of the Datalogic OCR product.
After that, it is explained the technique that was usedto raise the accuracy of the previous solution. It consists in applying DL to improve the robustness and keep good detection rate even though the character variations (scale and rotation) are considerable.
The first phase was focused on speeding up the process and so the function used for gauging the matching with the templates, the Zero-mean Normalized Cross-Correlation, was replaced while a modified version, called Squared Normalization has been introduced.
Secondly, the original system was cast as a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by turning the HOG templates into convolutional kernels. It was necessary to rethink its training process as it was noticed that, using standard target values, there was no gain. A novel way of computing the targets, named Graceful Improvement, has been developed.
Then, the analysis on the results of this new solution showed that, even ifit detects characters that present variations with original templates, the false positive rate around the image was also higher. To decrease this negative side effect, a fast ROI (Region Of Interest) filter acting on the detections has been realized.
Finally, during the above development steps, performances in terms of accuracy and time have been evaluated on some real Datalogic's customer datasets.
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Yu, H. "Stall in low hub tip ratio industrial fans." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11187.
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This thesis
presents the experimental investigation of stall in low hub tip ratio
industrial fans. Detailed measurements were obtained i four fan
configurations. The
effects of blade
setting angle, solidity, blade profile and OGVs on rotating stall were
investigated. The purpose of this work has been to get a better understanding of stall
i low hub
tip ratio fans.
A fan test
rig was built specially for this investigation. A three hole pressure
transducer
probe was made to measure the velocity and pressure at rotating stall
conditions. A data
acquisition system was developed to ensure the results of better
quality. Blade Vibration was also monitored at different flow conditions for two builds.
From the results obtained, some important features of rotating stall were
observed. For the fans with a low blade
setting angle, there was no rotating stall. The
overall characteristics were continuous. For the fans with high blade setting angle,
rotating stall appeared within a limited flow range. The rotating stall cells i the fans
were
always a single stall cell, covering part of the rotor tip region. The characteristics
were the
abrupt type. V A
Detailed traverse measurements show that
rotating stall has a very strong
influence on the flow
upstream of the rotor and has little effect on the flow
downstream. The effects of
space chord ratio, blade profile and OGVs on the stall
behaviour have also been
investigated. The experimental results also indicate that hub
tip ratio has a important effect on the rotating stall behaviour. It is therefore
concluded that the stall models based on the observation of
high hub tip ratio
compressors are not applicable to low hub tip ratio fans.
The time
averaged measurements show that a large radial shift of streamlines exist
i the low hub
tip ratio fans. Reverse flow near the hub downstream of the rotor was
found in
many cases, but reverse flow near the hub does not trigger rotating stall.
However, the large low velocity region near the hub will affect the fan steady state
performance. A simple streamline curvature program has been used to analyse the
endwall
boundray layer effect on the fan performance.
\
Axisymmetric stall is important i low hub tip ratio fans because it dominates most
of the stalled flow conditions.
Axisymmetric stall is preferred to rotatíng stall since it
gives the continuous type characteristic and it causes less Vibration problem. A set of
nonlinear
equations is used to simulate axsiyrnmetric stall a well a rotating stall and
surge.
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Kapp, Francois. "A roadmap towards sustainability of fast growing companies within the manufacturing industries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5311.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Any growing system is by definition in a transient phase, and consequently exhibits transient-, non-steady state-, unstable behaviour. Accordingly, this form of instability (systemic growth) is by and large conducive to the prosperity of said system. From a Control Systems perspective, transient behaviour that is not subjected to an adequate damping mechanism, does however lead to unavoidable adverse instability. Within the context of business systems, four distinct, yet interconnected entities (raw material, market demand, internal capability to deliver, and cash funds) serve as the damping mechanism to protect companies as a whole, against variation in any of the aforementioned entities. The level of damping afforded by the aforementioned entities is governed by its ability to decouple variation in one entity from undue variation in other entities. The higher the level of instability, the higher the associated level of damping required. The Thesis focuses on core instigators of negative instability within the context of Fast Growing Manufacturing Companies (FGMCs), and ultimately proposes a solution to prevent the regression from positive instability towards negative instability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Enige groeiende stelsel is per definisie in ’n oorgangsfase en vertoon gevolglik verbygaande-, niestabiele oorgangsgedrag. Dienooreenkomstig is hiérdie vorm van onstabiliteit (sistemiese groei) in die algemeen bevorderlik vir die welvaart van genoemde stelsel. Vanuit ’n Beheerstelsels oogpunt, lei oorgangsgedrag wat nie onderworpe is aan ’n voldoende dempingsmeganisme nie, egter tot onafwendbare negatiewe onstabiliteit. Binne ’n besigheidstelsel konteks dien vier afsonderlike, tog onderlingverbonde entiteite (roumateriaal, markaanvraag, interne bekwaamheid om te lewer, en kontantfondse) as die dempingsmeganisme om besighede holisties te beskerm teen variasie in enige van die voorgenoemde entiteite. Die dempingsvlak wat deur die voorgenoemde entiteite gegun word, word bepaal deur dié se vermoë om variasie in een entiteit te ontkoppel van variasie in ander entiteite. Hoe hoër die vlak van onstabiliteit, hoe hoër die vereiste vlak van demping. Die Tesis fokus op kern aanstigters van negatiewe onstabiliteit binne die konteks van VinnigGroeiende Vervaardigingsbesighede en stel uiteindelik ’n oplossing voor om die regressie vanaf positiewe onstabiliteit na negatiewe onstabiliteit te verhoed.
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Karam, K. Z. "Fast adaptive control algorithms and their applications to industrial robots." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234399.
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Diaz, Ossandón Jordan, and Olivares Nielsen Carrasco. "Servicios integrales para hélices industriales : Fans Service SPA." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167788.
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PLAN DE NEGOCIOS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓNDiaz Ossandón, Jordan, [Parte I], Carrasco Olivares, Nielsen, [Parte II]
El siguiente plan de negocio, se basa en el desarrollo de un modelo de negocios para el servicio de calibración de hélices y venta de las mismas. Abordando una extensa gama de empresas de servicio a la minería ubicadas de la primera a la tercera región de Chile. De la venta de hélices axiales como producto, se puede destacar la diversa gama de este repuesto que se utilizan en las distintas marcas y modelos de equipos, ya sean estos equipos móviles, plantas mineras, portuarias, alimentos, termoeléctricas, etc. Haciendo que ante una falla o reparación se necesita tener una gran cantidad de stock para dar una solución al problema, nuestra empresa entregara Hélices diferenciadoras que tiene la particularidad de ser totalmente adaptable a esta gama de modelos y marcas, cumpliendo las mismas capacidades técnicas que las hélices originales, esto gracias a que pueden ser dimensionadas, lo que ayuda a tener menos inventario y más durables a las Hélices tradicionales. La reparación de una hélice como servicio aún no está desarrollado en chile, en caso de una falla de este elemento, se debe utilizar el repuesto nuevo e importado. Esta baja disponibilidad del repuesto, se debe a los nulos stocks que posee los dealers de las distintas marcas de equipos mineros. Cabe destacar que nuestro proyecto se evalúa puro sin deuda a través de un capital de trabajo e inversión estimado en $342 MM, lo que ayudado de las medidas que se exponen se espera obtener un EBITDA positivo recién el segundo año de $8MM siendo el primer año un resultado negativo de $81MM. El capital de trabajo y medidas financieras nos sustentan para poder financiar un presupuesto de marketing para el primer año de $25 MM o un 12% de las ventas siendo sustentable en los años posteriores, con esto lograremos un ROA positivo el segundo año de un 4% y un ROE positivo de 12% el tercer año. Finalmente en este informe nos arroja un VAN de $1.800 MM, con una TIR de 47%, en una base de evaluación de 5 años, en este escenario es completamente factible y se sustenta nuestro proyecto por las oportunidades que el mercado presenta y las capacidades que tiene nuestra empresa.
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Deshpande, Abhijeet Sudhakar. "Best Practices for the Management of Design in Fast Track Industrial Projects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242858452.
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Lindahl, Olof, and Yusuf Hasanogullari. "Management Training at Cypress Security : A Case Study Application." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8631.
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Many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) today face problems with growth and profitability due to lack of management training within the managerial staff. This study aims to create a holistic model for how to construct a Management Training Plan for such companies and test this model on a case company.
The study found four main phases in the creation of a training plan, and thus, the model consists of four parts. The first part deals with the motivation of the trainees to go through with the training. The second part deals with deciding the content of the training plan. The third part looks at how the training plan should be designed. The fourth part looks at how to evaluate the training after it has been conducted.
The main findings are that the most interesting areas of training for the managers at Cypress Security are customer communication and financial management. The training should be a mixture between group discussions and self-study material.
We believe the results in this study should prove useful when constructing training programs for other companies since the model can be applied to almost any type of company. By providing specialized management training of this kind, SMEs reduce the need for hiring and recruiting managers with academic background and allows them to recruit from within.
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Costa, Bárbara Reis da. "Cash conversion cycle across industries." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11731.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe purpose of this research is to assess whether Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries via their components, namely Days Inventory Outstanding, Days Sales Outstanding and Days Payables Outstanding. Based on a sample of multinational companies from two different industries, Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Airline industry for the period 2009-2012, the results suggest that Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries. Also it differs between large and smaller companies due to different accounting choices. It contributes to a better understanding about how size of the firm, inventory system, liquidity and payables impact on CCC and consequently on companies’ profitability.
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MacKay, Allison Ann. "Groundwater fate of aromatic hydrocarbons at industrial sites : a coal tar site case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49984.
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Wang, Li. "Fast and Accurate 3D X ray Image Reconstruction for Non Destructive Test Industrial Applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS362/document.
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La tomographie en 2D et 3D sont largement utilisée dans l’imagerie médicale ainsi que dans le Contrôle Non Destructif (CND) pour l’industrie. Dans toutes les deux applications, il est nécessaire de réduire le nombre de projections. Dans certains cas, la reconstruction doit être faite avec un nombre d’angle de projections limité. Les données mesurées sont toujours avec des erreurs (erreurs de mesure et de modélisation). Nous sommes donc presque toujours dans la situation de problèmes inversés mal posés. Le rôle des méthodes probabilistes et de la modélisation a priori devient crucial. Pour la modélisation a priori, en particulier dans les applications NDT, l’objet à l’examen est composé de plusieurs matériaux homogènes, avec plusieurs blocs continus séparés par des discontinuités et des contours. Ce type d’objet est dit continu par morceaux. L’objet de cette thèse est sur la reconstruction des objets continu ou constante par morceaux, ou plus généralement homogène par morceaux. En résumé, deux méthodes principales sont proposées dans le contexte de l’inférence bayésienne. La première méthode consiste à reconstruire l’objet en imposant que sa transformée de Haar soit parcimonieuse. Un modèle bayésien hiérarchique est proposé. Dans cette méthode, les variables et les paramètres sont estimés et les hyper-paramètres sont initialisés selon la définition des modèles antérieurs. La deuxième méthode reconstruit les objets en estimant simultanément les contours. L’objet continu par morceaux est modélisé par un modèle markovien non-homogène, qui dépend du gradient de l’objet, et le gradient dépend aussi de l’estimation de l’objet. Cette méthode est également semi-supervisé, avec les paramètres estimés automatiquement. Ces méthodes sont adaptées aux reconstructions de grande taille de données 3D, dans lesquelles le processeur GPU est utilisé pour accélérer les calculs. Les méthodes sont validées avec des données simulées et des données réelles, et sont comparées avec plusieurs méthodes classiques2D and 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is widely used in medical imaging as well as in Non Destructive Testing (NDT) for industrial applications. In both domains, there is a need to reduce the number of projections. In some cases we may also be limited in angles. The measured data are always with errors (measurement and modelling errors). We are consequently almost always in the situation of ill-posed inverse problems. The role of the probabilistic methods and the prior modelling become crucial. For prior modelling, in particular in NDT applications, the object under examination is composed with several homogeneous materials, with several continuous blocs separated by some discontinuities and contours. This type of object is called the piecewise-continuous object. The focus of this thesis on the reconstruction of the picewise continuous or constant, or more generally piecewise homogeneous objects. In summary two main methods are proposed in the context of the Bayesian inference. The first method consists in reconstructing the object while enforcing the sparsity of the discrete Haar transformation coefficients of the object. A hierarchical Bayesian model is proposed. In this method, the unknown variables and parameters are estimated and the hyper-parameters are initialized according to the definition of prior models. The second method reconstruct objects while the contours are estimated simultaneously. The piecewise continuous object is modeled by a non-homogeneous Markovian model, which depends on the gradient of the object, while the gradient also depends on the estimation of the object. In this methods, the semi-supervised system model is also achieved, with the parameters estimated automatically. Both methods are adapted to the 3D big data size reconstructions, in which the GPU processor is used to accelerate the computation. The methods are validated with both simulated and real data, and are compared with several conventional state-of-the-art methods
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Templeton, Jordan L. "The Industrial Eater: An Exploration Into the Underlying Values Motivating American Fast Food Consumption." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1275677551.
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Crudele, Marc. "Implementation of a fast tool servo with repetitive control for diamond turning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17333.
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Malm, Hanna, and Anna Olausson. "Grön Fast Fashion? : En kvalitativ studie om hur millenniegenerationen uppfattar fast fashion-industrins omställning mot hållbara varumärken." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185149.
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Kunder har blivit allt mer miljövänliga, vilket påverkar handeln. Fast fashion företag har tidigare enbart fokuserat på att tillfredsställa kunder med kläder som följer korta trender och har ett lågt pris. I takt med att kundernas kunskap har ökat kring hållbarhet, ställer kunderna också högre krav på fast fashion företag. Detta har lett till att ett ökat antal fast fashion företag inkorporerar hållbarhet i sitt varumärke. Fast fashion företagen står nu inför en utmaning. Företagen ska få kunderna till att uppmärksamma, och övertygas av den hållbara förändringen som varumärket genomgått. Studien riktar sig till millenniegenerationen eftersom de är en viktig målgrupp för fast fashion företagen. Vidare fokuserar studien på kvinnor, eftersom modeföretag traditionellt riktar sig mest till kvinnor. Tidigare forskning menar att det finns ett behov av att undersöka hållbara varumärken samt relationen mellan hållbara beteenden, attityder och värderingar inom området för förändring mot hållbarhet inom klädindustrin. På bakgrund av detta har ett forskningsgap identifierats. Gapet innefattar kundernas upplevelse kopplat till varumärken, bland de företag som väljer att frångå sitt etablerade varumärke, mot ett mer hållbart varumärke. Forskningsgapet utmynnar i studiens forskningsfråga “Hur uppfattar kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen att fast fashion företag inom den svenska klädindustrin har rebrandat sig mot miljömässig hållbarhet?” För att svara på studiens forskningsfråga har sju stycken kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts. Studiens resultat visar att kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen har kunskap och intresse för miljön. Kunskapen och intresset är en bidragande faktor kring hur de upplever varumärken, och varumärkenas förändring mot hållbarhet. Målgruppen och samhällets medvetenhet om hållbarhet har genererat en bidragande faktor till att fast fashion-företag väljer att rebranda varumärket mot hållbarhet. Studiens slutsats påvisar att kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen har låg tilltro till att fast fashion-företagen som rebrantat varumärket mot hållbarhet, utför vad företagen utlovat i praktiken. För att kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen ska kunna känna tillit till ett rebrandat fast fashion-varumärke krävs det transparens från varumärket. Vidare har kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen större tilltro till lokala företags rebranding mot hållbarhet, i jämförelse med globala företags rebranding. Det är svårare för målgruppen att förstå en förändrad positioneringen hos globala varumärken, när företag verkar på flera marknader samtidigt. Vidare tycker kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen att de globala företagen borde ta ett större ansvar för hållbarhet. Slutligen prioriterar kvinnor inom millenniegenerationen förändringar som innebär att deras plagg får högre kvalitet och längre hållbarhet, över rebranding som fokuserar på återvinning och återanvändning.
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Sanderson, Eric Gordon. "Atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the vicinity of a SÜderberg aluminum smelter." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85110.
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It has long been known that Soderberg aluminum smelters are a large source of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. The atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is of importance to the aluminum industry in Canada due to their environmental persistence and potential health effects. For Soderberg smelters, the fate of facility emissions is of concern due to the involuntary nature of exposure by the general public in the surrounding regions. Excellent relationships between benzo[a]pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between different types of Soderberg facilities and raw material formulations were found in the occupational environment during this investigation. This was followed by the comparison of emission profiles of a horizontal stud Soderberg aluminum smelter with profiles measured in a network of sampling stations in the adjacent community. The results suggested that benzo[a]pyrene may be less stable than the majority of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An analysis of different sampling sites across Canada revealed that station profiles in the vicinity of Soderberg facilities were different from those found for sites impacted by steel plants, traffic and domestic heating. To explain some of the observed differences, it was hypothesized that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on particulate matter approach a relatively stable profile that is based on the particle characteristics and source intensities. Particle size distribution measurements in the vicinity of the horizontal stud Soderberg aluminum smelter indicated that the majority of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were associated with particle aerodynamic diameter less than 3 mum. Furthermore, the cascade impactor measurements indicated that there was a sampling artifact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in-situ during sampling. Relationships for the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 1997-2002 confirmed that ben
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Domingues, Maria Aliciane Fontenele 1983. "Avaliação da incorporação de emulsificantes sobre as propriedades de cristalização de gorduras industriais." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254676.
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Orientador: Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo GonçalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A cristalização de gorduras é um fator crítico associado à estruturação e propriedades de grande parte dos alimentos. No Brasil, as questões controversas acerca do papel dos ácidos graxos trans na alimentação ocasionaram modificações progressivas na legislação e no uso industrial de gorduras, levando à substituição das gorduras parcialmente hidrogenadas por gorduras interesterificadas, fracionadas ou blends. Considerando que este processo de substituição foi ampliando, os problemas de comportamento de cristalização devido à não adequação das novas frações gordurosas são inúmeros e agravados, principalmente, pelas diferenças climáticas regionais e condições de transporte e estocagem. Logo, a adequação da cinética de cristalização destas bases gordurosas é de extrema importância para que o uso das mesmas possa ser ajustado às limitações dos processos industriais e para melhorar o controle de etapas de processamento que envolva recristalização da fração gordurosa, garantindo a qualidade do produto final. Caso contrário, os tempos de processamento e equipamentos já padronizados precisam ser alterados segundo as características da gordura utilizada. Emulsificantes são aditivos funcionais de extrema importância na indústria de alimentos, que podem ser utilizados para controlar ou modificar as propriedades de cristalização da fase gordurosa. O estudo dos efeitos de emulsificantes em sistemas gordurosos é de grande interesse para o melhoramento de novas bases gordurosas com finalidades específicas, uma vez que propriedades apropriadas de cristalização são de difícil obtenção quando da ausência de ácidos graxos trans. O papel destes compostos como modificadores de cristalização em gorduras naturais e comerciais é pouco explorado, constituindo-se em um assunto inovador sob o ponto de vista da indústria de alimentos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação de ésteres de sorbitana e sacarose sobre as propriedades de cristalização da gordura interesterificada base soja, do óleo de palma e da fração mediana de palma (soft PMF). Estas gorduras industriais apresentam algumas limitações quanto a sua aplicação, especialmente relacionadas com determinadas propriedades, tais como: consistência e plasticidade dos produtos durante as etapas de produção e estocagem; propriedades sensoriais, como sensação de fusão na boca; estabilidade física, com respeito à formação ou sedimentação de cristais e exsudação de óleo; e aparência visual, a exemplo do brilho em chocolates e coberturas. Portanto, o presente trabalho mostra grande relevância para o setor produtivo de óleos e gorduras
Abstract: Fat crystallization is a critical factor associated with either structuring or properties of most foods. In Brazil, controversial issues about the role that trans fatty acid plays on food gave rise to progressive changes in the legislation as well as in the industrial use of fat, which leads to partial substitution of hydrogenated fat by interesterified, fractionated or blended fat. Considering that this substitution process was expanded, problems regarding crystallization behavior are countless and even aggravated because the new fat fractions are not adequate, mainly for regional climatic differences, transportation and storage conditions. Therefore, the crystallization kinetic inadequacy of such fatty bases is extremely important, so that their use can fit the industrial process limitation purposes and improve the control on processing stages that involve recrystallization of fat fractions, ensuring the quality of the final product. Otherwise, time processing and equipment already brought into line need to be changed according to the characteristics of the fat used. Emulsifiers are extremely important functional additives in food industry and can be used to either control or modify the crystallization properties in the fatty stage. The study of emulsifiers effects on fatty systems is of great interest to improve new fatty bases with specific purposes, since appropriate crystallization properties are difficult to obtain when trans fatty acid lacks. The role of these compounds as crystallization modifiers in natural and commercial fat is not much investigated, thus constituting an original subject under the food industry point of view. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of sorbitan and sucrose esters on the crystallization properties of interesterified fat based soy, palm oil and palm median fraction (soft PMF). These industrial fats present some limitations regarding their application, especially related to certain properties, such as: product consistency and plasticity during the stages of production and storage; sensory properties like melting sensation in the mouth; physical stability with respect to crystal formation or sedimentation and oil exudation; and visual appearance, like the glint in chocolates and coatings. Therefore, this work shows highly relevant to the productive sector of oils and fats
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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SRINIVASAN, KRISHNA. "DESIGNING AN OPTIMAL SUPPLY CHAIN FOR A FAST GROWING SPECIALTY RETAIL CHAIN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990729979.
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Albar, Fatima Mohammed. "An Investigation of Fast and Frugal Heuristics for New Product Project Selection." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1057.
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In the early stages of new product development, project selection is dominantly based on managerial intuition, rather than on analytic approaches. As much as 90% of all product ideas are rejected before they are formally assessed. However, to date, little is known about the product screening heuristics and screening criteria managers use: it has been suggested that their decision process resembles the "fast and frugal" heuristics identified in recent psychological research, but no empirical research exists. A major part of the product innovation pipeline is thus poorly understood.
This research contributes to closing this gap. It uses cognitive task analysis for an in-depth analysis of the new product screening heuristics of twelve experienced decision makers in 66 decision cases. Based on the emerging data, an integrated model of their project screening heuristics is created. Results show that experts adapt their heuristics to the decision at hand. In doing so, they use a much smaller set of decision criteria than discussed in the product development literature. They also combine heuristics into decision approaches that are simple, but more complex than "fast and frugal" strategies. By opening the black box of project screening this research enables improved project selection practices.
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Gould, Anthony Morven Francis, and n/a. "Employment Relations In The Fast Food Industry." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061106.114525.
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The McDonald's model of labour management has been widely adopted throughout the fast food industry. Literature that is critical of fast food labour management policy and practice often portrays employers as offering work that is low paid, unchallenging and uninteresting. However, others argue that the industry provides young workers with: a first resume entry, training opportunities, the chance to develop a career and a path into employment. This study interprets these two perspectives as reflecting either misalignment or alignment of employee/crew and employer preferences. Such an interpretation recognises that fast food work does not represent a career for many who do it but is short term or 'stop-gap' in nature. The study's research question is: to what extent does management preference for elements of work align with the preferred working arrangements of crew at McDonald's Australia? This research subjects McDonald's Australian stores to independent scrutiny. Previous research in this area has mostly used qualitative methods. Earlier studies, by and large, provide descriptive accounts of fast food employment however they often lack the rigour of an empirical investigation. The present research uses a structured survey method to obtain data from crew and managers. Results are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings focus on three areas of labour management: industrial relations, work organisation and human resource management. Several themes relating to alignment of preferences in the fast food employment relationship are identified. These are: crew have scant knowledge of industrial relations, do not like aspects of work organisation, but respond positively to certain human resource management policies and practices; crew lack knowledge of labour management issues generally; crew work is simple and repetitive; and, many young crew seem to dislike aspects of fast food work as they get older but others, who have distinctive characteristics, appear to continue to like the McDonald's approach as they age.
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Richmond, Sandra Mansell 1944. "The demands-control model in fast-food restaurants: Effects of emotional labor, customer treatment, demands, control, and support." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289655.
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In this cross-sectional field study of a fast-food organization, self-report data provided by workers and interview data from managers were used to assess the effects of the work environment on fast-food worker attitudes and behavior. Job demands, worker control and management support (Karasek & Theorell, 1990) were the predictor variables in this research. Additional job demands of emotional labor and customer behavior were measured and tested. Results indicated that control, emotional labor and management support were negatively associated with reported stress and positively associated with reported satisfaction and commitment. Additionally, customer behavior and demands were positively associated with reported stress and customer behavior was negatively associated with reported satisfaction and commitment.
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Roon, André van. "Designing sustainable chemicals predictive tools for the environmental fate of monoterpene pesticides /." [Amsterdam] : Amsterdam : Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/22064.
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GuimarÃes, Felipe de Azevedo. "Self-tuning PID and Fuzzy controllers in industrial plants." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4767.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoWith the globalization and the competitiveness in all the levels of the industrial sector, the final product quality search became higher. On the other hand, energy saving became another important factor in modern industry. The consumption of electric energy in the industrial sector represents 45.5% of the total consumption of the country. The motor force represents most of this consumption, arriving to be superior of 80% in the textile, paper and cellulose sectors. This work presents two strategies of control, auto-adjustable PID and fuzzy controller, the objectives are a better final product quality and the energy saving. Ventilation and compression industrials process are used in this work. An analysis of limit cyclesâ presence through the descriptive function of the fuzzy controller is carried through, providing a previously validation of fuzzy controllerâs parameters by simulations, saving time in the adjust phase. Set-point changes are easily made and on-line, still the process is running, in the two considered controllers. Comparisons of energy consumption are made between the conventional strategies and the two strategies considered in this work.
Com a globalizaÃÃo e a competitividade em todos os nÃveis do setor industrial, a qualidade do produto final se tornou de importÃncia crescente. Por outro lado, a conservaÃÃo de energia no setor industrial se tornou outro fator importante na indÃstria moderna. O consumo de energia elÃtrica do setor industrial representa 45,5% do consumo total do paÃs. A forÃa motriz representa a maior parte deste consumo, chegando a ser superior a 80% nos setores tÃxtil, de papel e celulose. Este trabalho apresenta duas estratÃgias de controle, PID auto-ajustÃvel e controlador nebuloso, e tÃm como objetivos tanto a qualidade do produto final quanto a eficiÃncia energÃtica. SÃo utilizados processos de ventilaÃÃo e de compressÃo em escala industriais. Uma anÃlise da presenÃa dos ciclos limites atravÃs da funÃÃo descritiva do controlador nebuloso à realizada, de forma que os parÃmetros do controlador nebuloso podem ser previamente validados atravÃs de simulaÃÃes, poupando tempo na fase de ajuste dos parÃmentros do controlador. MudanÃas de set-point sÃo facilmente realizadas de forma online e sem que o funcionamento do processo seja descontinuado, nos dois controladores propostos. ComparaÃÃes quanto ao consumo de energia sÃo realizadas usando as estratÃgias de controle convencionais e as proposta neste trabalho.
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Joglekar, Nitindra R. "The technology treadmill : managing product performance and production ramp-up in fast-paced industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9817.
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Tabatabaian, Zinat. "Fast neutron transmission and tomography simulation using Monte Carlo techniques for the examination of large industrial and biological objects." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844474/.
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Elemental analysis of substances made of heavy elements and detection of light elements in heavy matrices are difficult by means of photon transmission techniques. Neutrons have been used in this work, taking unique advantage of their absorption and scattering properties, to detect the structure of industrial and biological objects made of strongly-neutron scattering or absorbing materials, or to study objects combining of high and low neutron cross section materials. The most convenient matrices and impurities amenable to neutron inspection were searched by obtaining expressions for minimum detectable mass and length fraction of elements in an object. Formulae to calculate the minimum required number of neutrons to detect an impurity in a matrix have also been developed. The optimum sample thickness to be investigated with a minimum number of neutrons is likewise derived. Calculations have been carried out for the minimum detectable mass fraction of hydrogen in a number of sample matrices of industrial interest and of elements in a water matrix highlighting the differences with photon attenuation measurements. Results are presented for three neutron energies cold (0.001 eV), thermal (0.025 eV), and fast (14 MeV); concentrations in the parts per million range are demonstrated. Fast neutrons were used because of their high penetration ability, in order to study bulk industrial and biological samples and for their adequacy in detection of light elements such as H, C, N and O in large objects. An attempt to simulate fast neutron transmission tomographs of biological samples was made using the MORSE-CGA Monte-Carlo code. The code was used to calculate transmission of multienergetic U-235 fast fission neutron source in a complex geometry for industrial and biological applications. A fast neutron collimator for radiography, a collimator for brain tomography and a tomography chamber were simulated to design a technique to estimate the effect of scattered neutrons in practical tomography. The macroscopic cross section and mean free path of neutrons for the media of the heterogeneous matrices were also obtained by using microscopic cross sections of elements from the DLC-100G package. Using a multienergetic source provided an opportunity to determine the optimum neutron energy for examination of objects. The analysis required establishing a technique to calculate the fraction of neutrons in each energy group for the 100 group structure of the DLC-100G package. Finally the simulated neutron tomographic images were reconstructed by using the neutron transmission data for different angles of the object, and reconstructing them by the filtered back projection technique. In non-destructive evaluation of medical organs by fast neutron simulation tomography the simulated tomography of prototype biological objects were able to distinguish brain in skull, bone-marrow in bone and bone in soft tissue with good contrast up to 0.42. These results are valuable to identify developing cystic lesions and daughter cyst within the marrow vascular spaces, solid bony tumors, aberrant masses in the facial bone, tumor in spine or other bone marrow abnormalities. In studying component characterisation of industrial objects non-destructively by fast neutron tomography a 3mm diameter duct containing engine-oil was detected at 40 cm depth inside an aluminium combustion engine with a remarkable contrast of 0.35. The minimum detectable mass of oil in aluminium for an optimum neutron energy was 0.1mg/g with a similar result for iron.
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Beauregard, Devin. "Cultural Policy in the Digital Age: The Emergence of Fans as Political Agents in Copyright Discourse." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19798.
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Cultural policy theory operates on a division between producers and the public. Dualisms, such as producer/consumer – or, in more nuanced circles, the triadic relationship of consumer/producer/owner – have had a structuring effect on the way in which we envision cultural policy theories. At its core, the producer/consumer dualism implies subjectivities – that is to say that it defines positions in relationships between socio-political actors/actresses. At the governmental level, such clear-cut subject positions are perceptible beyond theories, entering into the actual practice of policy-making to the point where certain policies structure the notion of the public (or consumers), and the producers and/or owners. Copyright law, for instance, represents a good example of such an ideational construct. As a form of cultural policy, copyright law seeks to define the rights of producers with regards to their productions. Consequently, this thesis aims at exploring the forms of agency that develop and challenge both the practice and theoretical constructs of cultural policy. Two aspects command us to question anew these boundaries, one based on contemporary social and technical transformations (the rise of the digital age), and one based on cultural practice (in this case, those of fans and fandoms).Borrowing from theories of cultural studies and Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, this thesis explored the emerging discourses surrounding fans and their use of copyrighted material via the internet. Putting emphasis on three fandoms that have had marked histories of fan activism and fan production via the use of copyrighted material – Star Trek, Firefly, and Harry Potter – this paper investigated fans’ use of copyrighted material in developing fan cultures and as a vehicle for their discursive practices. These cases illustrate how fans have challenged the established repertoires of subjects in cultural policy (making and theory), and how their form of agency represents an interesting case of resistance to the rise of the cultural industries conception of cultural policy.
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Pamuk, Haki. "The Impact Of Modern Retailing On The Prices Of Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Evidence From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610043/index.pdf.
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In Turkey, the retailing sector is in a modernization process with the increase in the market share of supermarkets since 1990s. This process has important implications on general economy with changing consumption characteristics. This thesis analyzes the impact of increasing market share of supermarkets on the prices of fast moving consumer goods in traditional retailers. By means of a household panel, a panel data econometric approach is used for assessing the impacts of different supermarket formats between 2002 and 2006 in 12 sectors. The results indicates that increasing market share supermarkets decreases the price levels observed in traditional retailers in some of the sectors and these impacts vary according to supermarket formats and sectors.
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Latorre, Carvajal Francisco Javier. "Localización óptima de FACTS y líneas de transmisión para futuros escenarios de generación en el sistema eléctrico chileno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147229.
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Ingeniero Civil EléctricoEl presente trabajo resolvió el problema de planificación del sistema de transmisión para distintos escenarios futuros de inversión en generación. En cada uno de estos escenarios se definió un mix particular de tecnologías de generación, dándole una atención especial a las tecnologías solar, eólica e hidráulica, y considerando como año objetivo el 2025. Este ejercicio consideró además la instalación de equipos FACTS de compensación serie, que se co-optimiza con la instalación de infraestructura típica: líneas de transmisión y transformadores. En este trabajo, los equipos FACTS pueden sintonizarse en tiempo real y coordinadamente con el despacho económico de las unidades de generación para cada una de las condiciones de operación, permitiendo descongestionar cuellos de botella y utilizar corredores de transmisión con capacidad ociosa, haciendo un uso más eficiente del sistema en su conjunto. Considerando esto, uno de los objetivos de este trabajo es determinar el rol de los equipos flexibles de red a futuro y cuantificar en qué medida éstos pueden sustituir la necesidad por infraestructura típica (líneas, transformadores, etc.) en un contexto de mayor generación renovable y, por lo tanto, donde existe un patrón de flujos más variables en la red de transmisión. Se demostró a través de las simulaciones que en los escenarios con mayor incremento de generación renovable (particularmente solar), los equipos FACTS reducían hasta en un 58 % (20,8 [MUSS$]) el gasto en infraestructura tradicional, reduciendo el costo de la función objetivo en 27,8 [MMUS$]. También se demostró que en situaciones donde que se requiere rápidamente de nueva infraestructura de red para solucionar congestiones (i.e sin la necesidad de esperar por la entrada de grandes proyectos de transmisión), los equipos FACTS pueden reducir hasta en un 88 % (113,3 [GWh]) los vertimientos de generación renovable y así los costos totales del sistema.
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Visani, Giacomo. "Sviluppo di nuove formulazioni di resine fast curing e ottimizzazione dei relativi processi di impregnazione e di cura industriale di prepregs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14389/.
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Una delle tecniche di formatura di materiali compositi più utilizzata è la laminazione a partire da prepregs seguita da un ciclo di cura in autoclave. L’autoclave rappresenta una metodologia di cura abbastanza flessibile nonostante essa sia caratterizzata da elevati tempi di processo a causa della notevole inerzia termica, che comporta una lenta velocità di riscaldamento e raffreddamento. Una delle possibilità per velocizzare il processo in autoclave, ed aumentare quindi la produttività, consiste nell’utilizzare una resina fast curing. Purtroppo, tipicamente le resine fast curing presentano un’elevata reattività, che le rende ideali per processi ad infusione come il Resin Tranfer Molding (RTM) e generalmente altrettanto inadatte alla produzione di preimpregnati. In questo lavoro di Tesi si è ricercato un formulato epossidico contraddistinto da tempi di cura sufficientemente brevi e Tg abbastanza elevate, e si è verificata la possibilità di industrializzare il processo di produzione di un prepreg bastato su tali formulazioni mediante la tecnica dell’impregnazione a solvente, utilizzando una delle resine che hanno mostrato le prestazioni migliori nello screening preventivo. A tale scopo, si è valutato l’effetto del processo, tramite caratterizzazione termica, cinetica e meccanica del prepreg prodotto. In base ai risultati ottenuti è stato, infine, elaborato un ciclo di cura ottimizzato per tale prepreg.
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Lou, Ruding. "Modification of semantically enriched FE mesh models : Application to the fast prototyping of alternative solutions in the context of industrial maintenance." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAMA017.
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La simulation numérique de comportement des futurs produits est largement utilisée sur les modèles virtuels de produits avant leur fabrication physique. Cependant, le processus pourrait encore être optimisé en particulier pendant la phase d'optimisation du comportement de produit. Ce processus implique la répétition de quatre étapes principales de traitement : conception de CAO, création de maillage, enrichissement de sémantique par la modélisation du comportement physique et enfin calcul par éléments finis (EF). L'analyse de comportement de produit est effectuée à partir de la première solution de conception puis sur les nombreuses boucles successives d'optimisation de produit. Chaque évaluation de solution nécessite le même volume de temps que celui nécessaire pour la première conception de produit, cela est particulièrement crucial dans le contexte de maintenance de produit et d'évaluation de cycle de vie de produit. Cette thèse propose un nouveau cadre de travail pour l'optimisation de produit à partir de simulation par EF menées successivement sans retour à la CAO initiale du produit, ce qui réduit les activités de préparation de maillages et d'enrichissement sémantique E. F. Plus concrètement, l'idée est d'opérer directement le maillage enrichi par la sémantique E. F pour optimiser le produit. Dans cette thèse, les concepts sous-jacents et les composants conçus pour le développement de ces opérateurs de modification sont présentés et analysés. Une spécification d'opérateur de haut niveau est proposée selon une structure modulaire qui permet ensuite une réalisation facile des différents opérateurs de modification de maillage. Enfin, quatre déclinaisons de cet opérateur de maillage de haut niveau sont présentées: la fusion, la fissuration, le perçage et le congé d'arête. Ces opérateurs ont été prototypés et validés sur des modèles E. F. Académiques et industriels, permettant de démontrer leur efficacité et la pertinence de l'approche proposéeBehaviour analysis is largely performed on the virtual model of the product before its physical manufacturing. Anyhow, the process could be further optimised especially during the product behaviour optimisation phase. This process involves repetition of four main processing steps: CAD design, mesh creation, enrichment of physical semantics and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The product behaviour analysis is performed on the first design solution as well as on the numerous successive product optimisation loops. Each design solution evaluation necessitates the same time as required for the first product design and it is particularly crucial in the context of maintenance and lifecycle assessment. This thesis proposes a new framework for CAD-less product optimisation through FEA, which reduces the mesh preparation and semantics enrichment activities. More concretely, the idea is to directly operate the firstly created FE mesh, enriched with semantics, to perform the product modifications required to achieve its optimised version. In this thesis, the underlying concepts and the devised components for the development of such CAD-less operator are discussed. A high-level operator specification is proposed according to a modular structure that allows an easy realisation of different mesh modification operators. Finally, four instances of this high-level operator are described: merging, cracking, drilling and filleting. These operators are prototyped and validated on academic and industrial FE mesh models, thus clearly showing the feasibility of our approach
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Skog, Nestorovic Benjamin, and Douglas Lindén. "Techno-economic analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems and Demand Side Management for peak load shaving in Swedish industries." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277824.
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The Swedish electrical grid has historically been robust and reliable, but with increased electrification in numerous sectors, out-phasing of nuclear power and a high market diffusion of wind power, the system is now facing challenges. The rotational energy in the system is expected to decrease as a result of higher shares of intermittent energy sources, which can affect the stability of the grid frequency negatively. To manage increased frequency drops, the new Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) market will be implemented by June 2020 in the Nordic power system. Simultaneously, it is expected that the demand of electricity will increase significantly in the transport and industry sectors in the coming years. Several DSOs already today indicate challenges with capacity and power security and have or will implement power tariffs as an economic incentive to prevent these problems. For energy intensive customers, such as industries, it will become important to reduce power peaks to avoid high grid fees. Several peak load shaving strategies can be utilized by industries to reduce their power peaks and thus the power tariff. The aim of this study is to economically analyze peak load shaving for Swedish industries. This is done using Li-Ion BESS and DSM, and to maximize the utilization of the BESS by including energy arbitrage and FFR market participation into the analysis. Firstly, a literature review is conducted within the topics of peak load shaving strategies, energy arbitrage and ancillary services. Secondly, data is gathered in collaboration with WSP Systems – Energy, the initiators of the project, to conduct case studies on two different industries. These cases are simulated in the modeling software SAM, for technical analysis, and then economically evaluated with NPV. Also, nine scenarios are created for the emerging FFR market concerning the number of activations per year and the compensation price per activation. The results from the case studies indicate that peak load shaving of 1 – 3 % with BESS provides a positive NPV for both case industries. However, higher percentages result in negative NPVs when no additional revenue streams are included. When considering energy arbitrage, it is concluded that the additional revenues are neglectable for both industries. Participating in the FFR market provides similar trends in the results as before. The exception is valid for scenarios with high numbers of FFR activations and compensation prices, where positive NPVs for all levels of peak load shaving can be concluded. The peak load shaving strategy DSM is implemented for one of the industries, where efficiency measures are concluded to have the most impact on the economic evaluation. If all efficiency measures would be implemented, the electricity consumption would be reduced by 17 %. Additionally, the power peaks would be reduced with 18 % and result in a significantly more positive NPV than peak load shaving using BESS. A sensitivity analysis concerning BESS capital cost and power tariff price concludes that the BESS price has a strong relation to the NPV, where a BESS price reduction of 60 % results in an NPV increase of at least 100 %. BESS prices have decreased the past years and are expected to keep decreasing in the future. Hence, investments in BESS can become more profitable and attractive in the coming years. Finally, for future research, it is recommended to combine the methodology from this study together with a load forecasting method. This combined methodology could then be practically applied to case specific industries with high peak loads.Det svenska elnätet har historiskt sett varit robust och pålitligt, men i takt med ökad elektrifiering i flera sektorer, utfasning av kärnkraft samt ökad mängd installerad vindkraft ställs nu systemet inför nya utmaningar. Bland annat förväntas rotationsenergin i systemet minska som ett resultat av högre andelar intermittenta energikällor i systemet. För att hantera detta kommer den nya Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) marknaden finnas tillgänglig från och med juni 2020. Samtidigt förväntas även efterfrågan på el inom transport- och industrisektorn öka markant de kommande åren. Redan idag är effektbrist ett problem i vissa regioner, vilket kan komma att förvärras. Många nätägare ska eller har redan infört effekttariffer för utnyttjande av deras elnät, vilket är ett ekonomiskt incitament för att hantera effektproblematiken där kunder med en mer flexibel elkonsumtion kommer gynnas. För större elförbrukare, som exempelvis industrier, kan det bli ekonomiskt betydelsefullt att sänka sina effekttoppar och därmed undvika höga nätavgifter. För att minska effekttoppar finns ett flertal så kallade peak load shaving-strategier, som kan utnyttjas av industrier för att minska kostnaderna för effekttariffen. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera peak load shaving för svenska industrier, med hjälp av ett Li-Ion batterilagringssystem och efterfrågeflexibilitet, samt maximera utnyttjandet av batteriet genom att inkludera energiarbitrage och deltagande i FFR-marknaden i analysen. Ett första steg i arbetet är att utföra en litteraturstudie för de berörda områdena. I ett andra steg insamlas data tillsammans med WSP, initiativtagaren av projektet, för att kunna göra en fallstudie på två industrier. För dessa fallstudier undersöks de tekniska förutsättningarna för att implementera peak load shaving-strategier genom modellering i simuleringsprogrammet SAM. Sedan utreds de ekonomiska förutsättningarna för fallstudierna, där NPV används som ekonomiskt nyckeltal. Dessutom skapas nio scenarion för den kommande FFR-marknaden för att uppskatta kostnader och inkomster. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att 1 – 3 % kapade effekttoppar med batterilagring ger ett positivt NPV för båda industrierna. Över 3 % blir resultatet negativt utan ytterligare inkomstströmmar inkluderade. Energiarbitrage konstateras att bidra med marginella positiva fördelar. Vid inkludering av FFR-marknaden i analysen erhålls liknande trender i resultaten, bortsett från scenarion med relativt högt antal avrop och pris. I dessa fall blir även 4 – 10 % kapade effekttoppar ekonomiskt attraktiva. För en av industrierna utvärderas efterfrågeflexibilitet, där effektivisering av elkrävande processer har störst inflytande på resultatet. Vid implementering av samtliga effektiviseringsåtgärder skulle elkonsumtionen minska med 17 %. Dessutom minskar effekttopparna med 18 %, vilket resulterar i ett signifikant mer positivt NPV, jämfört med användningen av batterilager. En känslighetsanalys gällande batteripris och effekttariffer, konstaterade att batteripriset har en stark påverkan på NPV. Vid en batteriprisminskning på 60 % ökar NPV med minst 100 %. Därmed kan batteriinvesteringar bli mer gynnsamma och attraktiva om batteripriser fortsätter att falla, vilket flera prognoser indikerar. Slutligen rekommenderas framtida studier att kombinera metodiken från detta arbete med en prognostiseringsmetod för elanvändning i industrier. Denna kombinerade metod kan sedan praktiskt tillämpas på fallspecifika industrier med höga effekttoppar.
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Fusco, Franco. "Dynamic Visual Servoing for Fast Robotics Arms." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0031.
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Cette thèse traite de l’augmentation de la productivité des robots manufacturiers, lors de l’exécution de tâches référencées capteurs. De telles tâches peuvent provenir de la cible non positionnée de manière absolue ou d’un environnement mal connu. Les commandes par asservissement visuel sont bien connues pour leur robustesse et leur précision, mais nécessitent généralement de longs temps d’exécution en raison de différents facteurs. La commande est généralement formulée uniquement à un niveau cinématique et caractérisée par des vitesses décroissantes de façon exponentielle. De plus, l’application non linéaire de l’espace opérationnel à l’espace des capteurs peut conduire à des chemins sous-optimaux et plus longs. Pour augmenter les performances de commande et réduire le temps nécessaire à la réalisation d’une tâche, cette thèse étudie l’utilisation de modèles d’interaction de second ordre. Leur utilisation dans une commande au niveau dynamique est étudiée et comparée aux approches classiques. Ils sont ensuite utilisés dans des schémas de commande par modèle prédictif, permettant d’obtenir des vitesses plus élevées tout en générant de meilleures trajectoires. Cependant, un inconvénient des techniques prédictives est leur charge de calcul. Afin d’obtenir de pallier ce défaut, un nouveau type de commande prédictive est étudié. Il conduit à une réduction du nombre de variables impliquées dans les problèmes d’optimisation grâce à l’utilisation d’un paramétrage des séquences d’entréeThis thesis deals with increasing the productivity in manufacturing robots, when performing sensor-based tasks. Such tasks may be coming from the target not being absolutely positioned. Visual servoing control schemes are well known for their robustness and precision, but generally require long execution times due to differentfactors.Control laws are generally formulated only at a kinematic level and characterized by exponentially decreasing velocities. Moreover, the nonlinear map from the operational space to the sensor space can lead to sub-optimal and longer paths. To increase control performances and reduce the time required to complete a task, this thesis investigates the use of second-order interaction models. Their use in dynamic feedback control laws is investigated and compared to classical controllers. They are then employed in Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemes, allowing to obtain higher velocities and better sensor trajectories. However, a drawback of MPC techniques is their computational load. In order to obtain even better results, a new type of predictive control is thus investigated, leading to a reduced number of variables involved in MPC optimization problems thanks to the use of a parameterization of the control input sequences
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Westlund, Alexander. "Increased expression of therapeutic proteins by identification of 3'-UTRs from high expressing genes in CHO cells." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157593.
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Therapeutic proteins, a.k.a. biopharmaceuticals, are most commonly produced in expression systems derived from Chinese Hamstery Ovary (CHO) cells, thanks to great capacity of post-translational modifications like secretation, folding and glycosylation. The engineering of cells for regulation of protein expression has many options including knock-in and knock-out of genes, epigenetic studies or improvement of the expression casette of the protein of interest by e.g. promotor variants or modifications of the 5’ and 3’ untranslated region (UTR). The 3’-UTR is therefore a good optimization candidate for attempting to achieve increased expression of therapeutic proteins. The final aim of this study was to identify and design 3’-UTRs for improved expression of therapeutic proteins in HyClone™ CHO cells from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB (GEHC). The impact goal is to increase the efficiency and lower the costs for pharmaceutical companies when producing biopharmaceuticals in the HyClone™ CHO cell line, leading to increased accessibility of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on the pharmaceutical market. The study was initiated with bioinformatic analysis of the CHO cell transcriptome from a set of RNA-seq data of HyClone™ CHO to find high expressing, context independent genes. The 3’-UTRs from the best candidate genes were used for construction of plasmids for expression of a Fc-eGFP fusion protein. Nine selected 3’-UTRs were designed, synthesized and cloned into a parent plasmid (pGE0520) creating nine plasmid variants (pGE0523-531). The constructed plasmids were used for evaluation with site directed integration (SDI) into the HyClone™ CHO cell line and expression analysis were performed by flow cytometry and antibody titer measurements from cells with successfully integrated plasmid sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Result show a significant effect on protein expression when using different variants of 3’-UTRs. Two variants, pGE0524 and pGE0526, competing with the parent plasmid in expression levels and integration efficiency from SDI, making them candidates for further investigations against the parent plasmid. Results also show good correlation between flow cytometry data from pre- and post-sorting, which can make research for further 3’-UTRs more efficient by evaluations and prediction of expression levels before cell sorting.
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Maceratesi, Vittorio. "Studio di acceleranti e indurenti per migliorare le proprietà di materiali compositi a matrice epossidica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13864/.
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In questo lavoro di tesi sono state preparate diverse formulazioni di resine epossidiche da utilizzare in preimpregnati (pre-pregs) per la produzione di compositi rinforzati in fibra di carbonio. Le modifiche della formulazione prese in esame durante il presente lavoro si sono incentrate sulla variazione del sistema indurente utilizzato, modificando l’indurente e/o aggiungendo accelerante al formulato. L’obiettivo di tali modifiche è stato quello di ottenere resine epossidiche che curassero più velocemente e/o che potessero raggiungere temperature di transizione vetrosa maggiori rispetto alla formulazione industriale attualmente utilizzata.
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Establés, Heras María Josefa. "Entre profesionales y aficionados: relaciones y tensiones entre fans e industrias culturales, procesos y estrategias de trabajo y creación: estudios de caso de los fandoms castellanoparlantes de Doctor Who y El Ministerio del Tiempo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669211.
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La presente tesis doctoral pretende examinar los procesos de profesionalización de las personas que se consideran fans. En este sentido, este trabajo propone una nueva taxonomía sobre las características de distintos tipos de fans, tanto a nivel consumidor como productivo. Asimismo, se han elegido dos estudios de casos, que se corresponden con las comunidades de fans castellanoparlantes de las series de televisión Doctor Who y El Ministerio del Tiempo, con el objetivo de identificar y comprender a los actores involucrados en estos procesos de profesionalización, sus motivaciones, así como qué estrategias llevan a cabo y cómo han aprendido a desarrollarlas. Finalmente, esta tesis presenta una nueva teoría centrada en el diseño y control de comunidades de fans dentro del ecosistema transmediático actual.This doctoral thesis aims to examine the professionalization processes of people who consider themselves fans. In this sense, this work proposes a new taxonomy on the characteristics of different types of fans, both in consumer and a productive levels. Likewise, two case studies have been chosen, which correspond to the Spanish-speaking fan communities of the tv series Doctor Who and El Ministerio del Tiempo (The Department of Time), with the aim of identifying and understanding the actors involved in these professionalization processes, their motivations, as well as what strategies they carry out and how they have learned to develop them. Finally, this thesis presents a new theory focused on the design and control of fan communities within the current transmedia ecosystem.
La present tesi doctoral pretén examinar els processos de professionalització de les persones que es consideren fans. En aquest sentit, aquest treball proposa una nova taxonomia sobre les característiques de diferents tipus de fans, tant a nivell consumidor com productiu. Així mateix, s'han triat dos estudis de casos, que es corresponen amb les comunitats de fans castellanoparlants de les sèries de televisió Doctor Who i El Ministerio del Tiempo (El Ministeri del Temps), amb l'objectiu d'identificar i comprendre als actors involucrats en aquests processos de professionalització, les seves motivacions, així com quines estratègies duen a terme i com han après a desenvolupar-les. Finalment, aquesta tesi presenta una nova teoria centrada en el disseny i control de comunitats de fans dins de l'ecosistema transmediàtic actual.
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Fogell, Marion. "Vindicating the fads : a study of the contribution of some late 20th century business management methods to the growth of intellectual capital in the organisation." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1024.
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White, Nicholas John. "In the absence of memory? : Jewish fate and dramatic representation : production and critical reception of Holocaust drama on the London stage 1945-1989." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7748/.
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Plays representing some aspect of the Holocaust produced in both the commercial and subsidised sectors of the London theatre throughout the Cold War period variously but consistently sought to evade, diminish or inappropriately qualify the cardinal fact that, in the formulation which was the Nazi's own, 'the Final Solution was that 'of the Jewish question in Europe'. Such dramatic distortions hinder perceptions of the identity and fate of the chief victims of the Holocaust. Playwrights', directors', managements', and to a marginally lesser degree, critics' failure to question or challenge these tendencies results not so much in the explicitly stated exoneration of those responsible for the Nazi genocide as the erasure or attenuation of both German guilt and Jewish suffering through dramatic speculation upon the universal human propensity to evil. In consequence the suggestion is made of Jewish agency in, and culpability for, their own fate during the Holocaust. At their most extreme these dramatic tendencies resort to the recurrent themes of anti-Semitic discourse. The ubiquitous dramatic strategies and tropes employed in the productions discussed, rather than succeed in their attempt to find and represent meaning in the respective episodes and events of the Nazi genocide dramatised, frequently re-present this elimination through the evasion, attenuation or erasure, of Jewish fate. The productions register the failure of dramatic art to find equitable metaphor and adequate representational means to provoke reflection of a kind which might transcend the meaningless facticity of mass murder and the impulse to annihilation, and are drawn into those same dynamics of annihilation, evidenced by the erasure of Jewish identity and fate. This phenomenon remains largely, but not entirely, unremarked in the immediate critical response of the British press, but almost wholly neglected in later commentary due to an 'absence of memoy: the lack of a specifically British critical discourse on dramatic representation and the Holocaust.
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Hu, Francis Jingxin. "Utilizing Solid Phase Cloning, Surface Display And Epitope Information for Antibody Generation and Characterization." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205410.
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Antibodies have become indispensable tools in diagnostics, research and as therapeutics. There are several strategies to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in order to avoid the drawbacks of polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) for therapeutic use. Moreover, the growing interest in precision medicine requires a well-characterized target and antibody to predict the responsiveness of a treatment. This thesis describes the use of epitope information and display technologies to generate and characterize antibodies. In Paper I, we evaluated if the epitope information of a well-characterized pAb could be used to generate mAbs with retained binding characteristics. In Paper II, the epitope on the complement protein C5 towards Eculizumab was mapped with surface display, the results of which explained the non-responsiveness of Eculizumab treatment among a patient group due to a mutated C5 gene. With this in mind, we showed efficacy in treatment of the mutated C5 variants using a drug binding to another site on C5, suggesting that our approach can be used to guide treatment in precision medicine. In Paper III, a Gram-positive bacterial display platform was evaluated to complement existing platforms for selection of human scFv libraries. When combined with phage display, a thorough library screening and isolation of nano-molar binders was possible. In Paper IV, a solid phase method for directed mutagenesis was developed to generate functional affinity maturation libraries by simultaneous targeting of all six CDRs. The method was also used to create numerous individual mutants to map the paratope of the parent scFv. The paratope information was used to create directed libraries and deep sequencing of the affinity maturation libraries confirmed the viability of the combination approach. Taken together, precise epitope/paratope information together with display technologies have the potential to generate attractive therapeutic antibodies and direct treatment in precision medicine.QC 20170418
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Siegfried, Andreas. "Status und Trends der Einbindung externer Partner in den Innovationsprozess Eine Analyse im Fast-Moving-Consumer-Goods Non-Food Bereich /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04605382001/$FILE/04605382001.pdf.
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French, Christopher James. "Tree planting for phytoremediation : the fate of soil contaminants on brownfield sites." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5779/.
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Roig, Telo Antoni. "Cap al cinema col.laboratiu: pràctiques culturals i noves formes de producció participatives." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9121.
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Aquesta tesi es centra en l'estudi de les pràctiques culturals i els models emergents de creació i distribució de cinema a través d'Internet. Faig especial èmfasi en aquells casos basats en la participació de comunitats en el desenvolupament de projectes i la flexibilització del copyright, la qual cosa facilita la implicació dels usuaris. Defenso que aquestes pràctiques, que oscil.len entre la legitimació de formes d'apropiació o remescla fins a la integració efectiva dels públics en els processos productius plantegen tota una sèrie de qüestions cabdals en relació a les pràctiques industrials i al paper d'Internet en relació a la creació de continguts audiovisuals. Metodològicament aquesta tesi doctoral es fonamenta en una aproximació comparativa a tres casos paradigmàtics des de la perspectiva de les teories sobre les pràctiques.This PhD thesis focuses on the study of the cultural practices and emergent models of filmmaking and distribution through the Internet. I emphasize the relevance of those cases based in the participation of communities in the production processes and an open approach to copyright, leading to a greater commitment of users. I stand that these practices, which oscillate between the legitimation of forms of appropriation and remix to the effective integration of audiences into the production processes, challenge traditional assumptions regarding industrial practices and the role of the Internet in relation to media creation. This thesis is based, methodologically, in a comparative approach to three paradigmatic cases from the perspective of the theories of practice.
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Lichtenberg, Alex Leon. "A Historical Review of Five of the Top Fast Food Restaurant Chains to Determine the Secrets of Their Success." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/361.
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The primary goal of this paper is to critically examine five of the top nine US fast food chains to look at their history and to determine what factors have lead to their massive success. The companies that will be analyzed include: McDonald's, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Domino's Pizza, and Subway. Similarities and differences of these companies are compared and contrasted throughout the paper and clearly demonstrate how each company has managed to capture and maintain major market share in their respective food categories. Areas that are examined range from product quality to to business models to consumer psychology. A review of these companies reveals that there are specific success factors for each, and one overarching factor for all. Specific factors include, but are not limited to marketing technique, organizational structure and overall business concept. The one factor that seems critical to all is entering the market with an innovative and unique concept.
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Oskarsson, Sven. "The Fate of Organized Labor : Explaining Unionization, Wage Inequality, and Strikes across Time and Space." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Government, Uppsala University, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3804.
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Røvik, Camilla. "Fast Tensor-Product Solvers for the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations : Application to Deformed Geometries and to Space-Time Domains." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10814.
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Spectral discretization in space and time of the weak formulation of a partial differential equations (PDE) is studied. The exact solution to the PDE, with either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions imposed, is approximated using high order polynomials. This is known as a spectral Galerkin method. The main focus of this work is the solution algorithm for the arising algebraic system of equations. A direct fast tensor-product solver is presented for the Poisson problem in a rectangular domain. We also explore the possibility of using a similar method in deformed domains, where the geometry of the domain is approximated using high order polynomials. Furthermore, time-dependent PDE's are studied. For the linear convection-diffusion equation in $mathbb{R}$ we present a tensor-product solver allowing for parallel implementation, solving $mathcal{O}(N)$ independent systems of equations. Lastly, an iterative tensor-product solver is considered for a nonlinear time-dependent PDE. For most algorithms implemented, the computational cost is $mathcal O (N^{p+1})$ floating point operations and a memory required of $mathcal O (N^{p})$ floating point numbers for $mathcal O (N^{p})$ unknowns. In this work we only consider $p=2$, but the theory is easily extended to apply in higher dimensions. Numerical results verify the expected convergence for both the iterative method and the spectral discretization. Exponential convergence is obtained when the solution and domain geometry are infinitely smooth.
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Utschick, Christoph [Verfasser], Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Gross, Rudolf [Gutachter] Gross, and Peter [Gutachter] Böni. "Superconducting Wireless Power Transfer at High Power Densities for Industrial Applications and Fast Battery Charging / Christoph Utschick ; Gutachter: Rudolf Gross, Peter Böni ; Betreuer: Rudolf Gross." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240384300/34.
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Sandoval, Diana, Manuela Palomares, Jose Rojas, Pablo Mendoza, and Carlos Raymundo. "Lean Thinking Simulation Model to Improve the Service Performance in Fast Food." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653849.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.The fast food industry, specifically the service department, has experienced sustainable economic growth and has evolved in the application of substantial methods, however, it has presented a slowdown due to deficient operation level provided in the customer service area. A large number of customers do not make the purchase owing to a series of unmet trends that face the consumer behaviour which leads to significant economic losses and inefficient service. They have therefore focused their efforts on finding impulse mechanisms through allowing them to migrate to less costly processes and/or to achieve better utilisation of available resources without success. This research inquires into the effectiveness of the Lean Thinking Simulation (LTS) model, which consists in the development of a set of methodological phases and the adaptation of the technological support termed as Digital Change to improve the performance of customer service in Peruvian fast food. The main result of this practical study was defined by a Dashboard in real-time, and as a first approximation of the model, a 17.03% improvement can be shown in the performance of customer service on the fast food selected.
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Bocken, Nancy Maria Petronella. "Reducing CO₂ emissions associated with fast moving consumer goods : development and testing of tools and frameworks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610070.
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Moat, Justin. "Plant conservation in space, time and a changing world : forecasting the fate of Coffea arabica in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52174/.
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We are facing an ever-increasing environmental crisis on our planet, with multiple threats from humankind. Industrialisation, deforestation, overpopulation and exploitation of our natural resources is driving species to extinction and changing the environment we live in. We need to plan for the future in order to adapt or mitigate these risks. Recent advances in computing and analytical techniques, plus the rise of readily available spatial data, provide us with a means to understand the complex interactions between species, environmental change and human activity. Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) is a critically important crop species in several tropical countries. Globally its export value is over $13 billion dollars per year. Wild populations of this species are of immense importance to the global coffee sector, due to the traits associated with the standing genetic diversity, such as disease resilience, new flavour profiles, and agronomically favourable morphological variation (root length; compact habit). In its countries of origin, Ethiopia and South Sudan, the wild species provides the planting stock for a multi-million-dollar export sector. Arabica coffee is well known across the globe, as the increasingly popular beverage coffee. The ubiquitous cultural nature of coffee drinking means that coffee acts as a flagship species for demonstrating science and the benefits of conservation and sustainable use, enabling the findings of this thesis to gain traction with a wider audience, who might otherwise not engage with research and social and environmental issues. Coffea arabica is greatly influenced by climate. The wild and cultivated variants of this species are restricted to a relatively narrow climate niche, within Ethiopia and anywhere where it is cultivated. Coffee production is considerably influenced by changes in rainfall, temperature or seasonality. Ethiopia has already experienced climate change; mean temperatures from the 1960s onwards show an average increase of 0.28 °C per decade, a shortening wet season, and an increase in the number of hot days. The continuation of this rapid change in climate will influence both wild populations and production of Arabica coffee in Ethiopia. Within this thesis I forecast the fate of wild and cultivated Arabica coffee in Ethiopia, under climate change, reviewing risks and opportunities from the recent past until the end of the century. To do this I developed several novel methods, which are initially used to project the future of wild and cultivated coffee cultivation in Ethiopia. For the wild species, I have developed several new spatial techniques, particularly dealing with the issue of the “modifiable areal unit problem” within species extinction risk assessments. I have updated and refined existing techniques into one package, allowing multiple future climate scenarios/projections to be processed and assessed quickly. I present my scientific findings in the form of five submitted manuscripts (see ‘List of original articles’, on p.8). Using the findings, results and recommendations from these papers, I repurpose the outputs and impact of the science, graphically and within various media (including two more manuscripts, media and social media), for multiple audiences. Using these spatial techniques and visualisations, I show the impact climate change will have on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia, both as a crop and as a wild species within the humid forests of the country. I show that the present coffee-growing areas could be reduced by up to 60% if no interventions are made, but conversely, that there is an opportunity to increase the coffee growing area of Ethiopia four-fold if the right actions are taken. For wild Arabica coffee I show that the species is threatened with extinction due to climate change. Specifically, I show that wild Arabica coffee would be assessed as Least Concern (under little or no risk; IUCN Extinction Red List) if climate change is not factored in, as opposed to Endangered (threatened with extinction) if climate change is included in an extinction risk assessment. The work in this thesis demonstrates the power of spatial analysis, modelling, and high data quality, for plant conservation.
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Araújo, Rômulo Diniz. "Alocação e ajuste ótimos de dispositivos facts em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica utilizando algoritmos genéticos." Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5013.
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Electrical transmission and distribution systems of most concern are based on keeping system working within its operational thresholds considering as little loss as possible. For this purpose, several electrical and electronics equipments, mostly automatic ones have been used, including voltage regulators, capacitor banks, synchronous compensators and more recently in ongoing researches, FACTS devices (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems), also called D-FACTS (Distributed FACTS), according to some authors, when applied to electrical distribution systems. With FACTS it is possible to get operational thresholds regulation more precisely, because its parameters adjustment is continuous (not
discrete) and it is accomplished automaticaly. Considering these issues, this work aims at proposing optimal allocation and ajustment of STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) and UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) devices in distribution systems in order to minimize technical losses. For its accomplishment, genetic algorithms were used for their acknowledged efficacy at solving optimization problems in electrical systems. The load flow program here developed uses Power Summation Method (PSM) for its best performance at distribution systems. Mathematic models of devices were presented in details so that the inclusion of PSM controllers has been established. The proposed algorithm was applied to 34, 37, 66 and 104 nodes
test feeders and systems were simulated with and without FACTS devices so as to enable comparison.Em sistemas elétricos de transmissão e distribuição, grande parte das preocupações está em manter o sistema operando dentro de seus limites operacionais com a menor parcela de perdas possível. Para esse fim, vários equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos, grande parte automatizados, são usados. Entre eles, estão os reguladores de tensão, bancos de capacitores, compensadores síncronos e, mais recentemente em estudos, os dispositivos FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems), também chamados por alguns autores de D-FACTS (Distributed FACTS) quando aplicados em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica. Com os FACTS é possível obter-se uma regulação mais precisa dos limites operacionais do sistema elétrico, pois o ajuste de seus parâmetros é contínuo (e não discreto) e realizado de forma automática. Neste trabalho, propõe-se realizar a alocação e ajuste ótimos dos dispositivos STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) e UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) em sistemas de distribuição de modo a minimizar as perdas técnicas. Para isso, são utilizados algoritmos genéticos por sua já conhecida eficácia em problemas de otimizaçãoem sistemas elétricos. O programa de fluxo de carga desenvolvido utiliza o Método da Soma de Potências (MSP), por seumelhor desempenho em sistemas de distribuição. Os modelos matemáticos dos dispositivos foram apresentados detalhadamente, de forma que a inclusão dos controladores no MSP foi claramente estabelecida. O algoritmo proposto foi aplicado em alimentadoresteste de 34, 37, 66 e 104 barras e os sistemas foram simulados com e sem a presença dos dispositivos para efeito de comparação.