Journal articles: 'Industrial Furnace'

1

Niu, Hongya, Wenjing Cheng, Wei Pian, and Wei Hu. "The physiochemical properties of submicron particles from emissions of industrial furnace." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-029.

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Purpose Smoke and dust emissions from industrial furnaces can do great harm to the environment and human health. This paper aims to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the nearby ambient air by using two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace. Design/Methodology/Approach Two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace, were chosen in this study, to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the near-by ambient air. Findings The results show that the particles from the two furnaces are mainly in the small sizes of 0.3-0.6 μm. Particles from sintering plant flue are mainly spherical and rich in K and Cl, whereas those from the electric plant flue are mainly particles rich in metal elements, such as Zn and Fe, and have different morphology. Originality/value The particles in the atmosphere nearby the two furnaces contain aged particles from the flue, lots of spherical particles, rectangle particles and various aggregations. The elements of those particles are complex.

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Aranburu, Iñigo, Bakartxo Egilegor, Iñigo Bonilla, Jaio Manzanedo, and Haizea Gaztañaga. "Modelica model of industrial gas furnaces." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600003.

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Modelica models for the prediction of the temperature of the load inside a walking basket type reheat furnace of the aluminium industry have been developed. The loads move through the furnace with discrete movements. Several library components have been developed using the Modelica Standard Fluid Library. In order to validate them a full 1D furnace simulation model has been built. It allows calculating the heat transfer through walls, the temperature and the composition of combustion gases, the temperature of the aluminium products, as well as the fumes flow and the pressure drops. The library provides the necessary resources for modelling this type of furnaces flexibly and quickly. The objective of the work is to validate Modelica as analyse tool for evaluating the different possibilities of heat recovery in this kind on furnaces.

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Qu, Na, and Wen You. "Design and fault diagnosis of DCS sintering furnace’s temperature control system for edge computing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): e0253246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253246.

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Under the background of modern industrial processing and production, the sintering furnace’s temperature control system is researched to achieve intelligent smelting and reduce energy consumption. First, the specific application and implementation of edge computing in industrial processing and production are analyzed. The industrial processing and production intelligent equipment based on edge computing includes the equipment layer, the edge layer, and the cloud platform layer. This architecture improves the operating efficiency of the intelligent control system. Then, the sintering furnace in the metallurgical industry is taken as an example. The sintering furnace connects powder material particles at high temperatures; thus, the core temperature control system is investigated. Under the actual sintering furnace engineering design, the Distributed Control System (DCS) is used as the basis of sintering furnace temperature control, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is adopted to reduce the electrical wiring and switch contacts. The hardware circuit of DCS is designed; on this basis, an embedded operating system with excellent performance is transplanted according to functional requirements. The final DCS-based temperature control system is applied to actual monitoring. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 1# sintering furnace at a particular point is measured to be 56.95°C, 56.58°C, and 57.2°C, respectively. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 2# sintering furnaces at a particular point is measured to be 144.7°C, 143.8°C, and 144.0°C, respectively. Overall, the temperature control deviation of the three currents of the two sintering furnaces stays in the controllable range. An expert system based on fuzzy logic in the fault diagnosis system can comprehensively predict the situation of the sintering furnaces. The prediction results of the sintering furnace’s faults are closer to the actual situation compared with the fault diagnosis method based on the Backpropagation (BP) neural network. The designed system makes up for the shortcomings of the sintering furnace’s traditional temperature control systems and can control the temperature of the sintering furnace intelligently and scientifically. Besides, it can diagnose equipment faults timely and efficiently, thereby improving the sintering efficiency.

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Shustrov, N. N., V. G. Puzach, and S. A. Bezenkov. "The effect of the conductive walls of the cooking furnace of an electric furnace on the distribution of energy flows." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-4-13-18.

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A method for modeling the electric glass melting process, which allows obtaining information about the unity of electric and thermal processes in the glass mass in an electric glass melting furnace has been developed. The furnace’s cooking pool is made of conductive chromoxide. The work was carried out using modeling on the EGDA integrator, as a result of which two versions of experimental electric furnaces with different directions of power lines and a pilot industrial furnace with a capacity of 7 tons per day for melting E glass, widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass, were built.

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Stojanovski, Goran, and Mile Stankovski. "Comparison of Predictive Control Methods for High Consumption Industrial Furnace." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/279042.

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We describe several predictive control approaches for high consumption industrial furnace control. These furnaces are major consumers in production industries, and reducing their fuel consumption and optimizing the quality of the products is one of the most important engineer tasks. In order to demonstrate the benefits from implementation of the advanced predictive control algorithms, we have compared several major criteria for furnace control. On the basis of the analysis, some important conclusions have been drawn.

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Soares, Roberto Arruda Lima, and J. R. de S. Castro. "Comparison of Firing of the a Mass for Ceramic Tiles in Laboratory and Industrial Furnace." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.547.

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The present study aims to examine the differences obtained in the technological properties of a ceramic formulation for tile after firing in two different environments, laboratory furnace and industrial furnace. For this, the ceramic formulation used in the production of semi-porous ceramic tile was characterized. Chemical, mineralogical and thermal analyses in the ceramic formulation were performed. The specimens were obtained by compacting and fired at maximum temperature of 1140 o C in laboratory and industrial furnaces. The technological tests performed were linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density and mechanical strength. Microstructure was assessed through X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the different furnaces provided significant differences in the specimens analyzed such as higher mechanical strength and lower water absorption in samples fired in laboratory furnace, for example.

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Gao, Zhu, Xiao Min Ji, and Chun Qiang Zhang. "Dynamic Display of Industrial Furnace Products Based on the Technology of Virtual Reality." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.99.

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Taking some type of steelmaking electric arc furnace for example, this paper, by using 3DS MAX, conducts a dynamic simulation of such industrial furnaces based on 3D modeling of SolidWorks and realizes the virtual, dynamic and interactive demonstration of industrial furnaces combining with the virtual reality technology of WebMax.

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Feng, Ran Bao, You Wen Chen, and Jian Min Gao. "Index Optimization and Integrated Loop Control of Heating Furnaces Based on Modern Control Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.289.

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The furnace temperature control plays an important role in the rolling process, it affects the quality of steel and energy consumption directly. It is clear that furnace temperature change is multivariable, nonlinear, coupling, great inertia and pure lag and the complex industrial process of furnace control should be optimized. In this paper, a intelligent temperature control system was designed which has a two-layer structure includes optimizing and controlling. The control system is successfully applied to a steel company in medium plate product processes, and achieved good effects. The controllability can be applied to similar industrial furnaces, and has a wide application prospect.

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Zeng, Ying, Claus Erik Weinell, Kim Dam-Johansen, Louise Ring, and Søren Kiil. "Comparison of an industrial- and a laboratory-scale furnace for analysis of hydrocarbon intumescent coating performance." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904120902852.

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Due to increasing demands for fire protection in high-risk environments, such as petrochemical processes and offshore platforms, so-called hydrocarbon intumescent coatings are increasingly used to protect structural steel in the event of a hydrocarbon fire. For these coatings, the fire-resistance performance is typically evaluated in a series of costly experiments with industrial-scale (i.e. 1–10 m3) furnaces, programmed to follow a standard hydrocarbon fire test curve. In this work, we propose a laboratory-scale furnace for coating evaluation, which can simulate the conditions of a typical hydrocarbon fire curve, that is, the standard UL 1709. In a case study with five hydrocarbon intumescent coating formulations, the correlation between the laboratory- and the industrial-scale furnace was investigated and a good agreement was found for the temperature progression of the coated steel plates. The physical and chemical properties of the intumescent coating chars were also similar for the two furnaces. In summary, the low-cost, time-efficient laboratory-scale furnace can provide reliable screening of hydrocarbon intumescent coatings and is recommended as a complementary tool for industrial fire tests.

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Dzurňák, Róbert, Augustin Varga, Gustáv Jablonský, Miroslav Variny, Réne Atyafi, Ladislav Lukáč, Marcel Pástor, and Ján Kizek. "Influence of Air Infiltration on Combustion Process Changes in a Rotary Tilting Furnace." Processes 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101292.

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Air infiltration into the combustion chambers of industrial furnaces is an unwanted phenomenon causing loss of thermal efficiency, fuel consumption increase, and the subsequent increase in operating costs. In this study, a novel design for a rotary tilting furnace door with improved construction features is proposed and tested experimentally in a laboratory-scale furnace, aimed at air infiltration rate reduction by decreasing the gap width between the static furnace door and the rotating body. Temperatures in the combustion chamber and oxygen content in the dry flue gas were measured to document changes in the combustion process with the varying gap width. Volumetric flow values of infiltrating air calculated based on measured data agree well with results of numerical simulations performed in ANSYS and with the reference calculation procedure used in relevant literature. An achievable air infiltration reduction of up to 50% translates into fuel savings of around 1.79 to 12% of total natural gas consumption of the laboratory-scale furnace. The average natural gas consumption increase of around 1.6% due to air infiltration into industrial-scale furnaces can thus likewise be halved, representing fuel savings of almost 0.3 m3 per ton of charge.

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Varetsky, Yuriy. "Overvoltages on power filters under energizing industrial power system transformer." Energy engineering and control systems 6, no. 2 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2020.02.097.

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The practice of operating industrial power supply systems containing filter circuits has shown that filter tuning can have a significant impact on filter performance. On the basis of simulations of a real power supply system carried out by the Matlab / Simulink package, the results of a study of the impact of filter manufacturing tolerances on the filter transients under transformer energizing are presented. The most severe transients are observed for filter circuits in the power supply systems of electric arc furnaces due to frequently repeated operating energizing furnace transformers. This article summarizes the analysis of overvoltages on capacitors and reactors for various configurations of the filter circuit, arising during energizing the arc furnace transformer, taking into account the possible detuning of the filters.

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12

Jiang, Qing, Chao Zhang, and Jin Jiang. "Sensitivity Analysis of a FGR Industrial Furnace for NOx Emission Using Frequency Domain Method." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 2 (May 21, 2005): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2141636.

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Preliminary study has shown that the flue gas recirculation (FGR) is one of the effective ways to reduce the nitric oxides (NOx) emission in industrial furnaces. The sensitivity of the NOx emission from a FGR industrial furnace to the change in three major furnace input variables—inlet combustion air mass flow rate, inlet combustion air temperature, and pressure head of the FGR fan—is investigated numerically in this study. The investigation is carried out in frequency domain by superimposing sinusoidal signals of different frequencies on to the furnace control inputs around the design operating condition, and observing the frequency responses. The results obtained in this study can be used in the design of active combustion control systems to reduce NOx emission. The numerical simulation of the turbulent non-premixed combustion process in the furnace is conducted using a moment closure method with the assumed β probability density function for the mixture fraction. The combustion model is derived based on the assumption of instantaneous full chemical equilibrium. The discrete transfer radiation model is chosen as the radiation heat transfer model, and the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model is used to calculate the absorption coefficient.

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13

Nicolle, Rémy. "The operation of charcoal blast furnaces in the XIXth century." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019071.

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Processing conditions in charcoal blast furnaces and their related internal phenomena are described, with good precision in papers and books by Hassenfratz, Karsten, Dumas, and especially Ebelmen in 1841, using, for the first time, the newly developed techniques of chemical analyses of gases and solids. Reviewing their publications at the light of more recent physical chemistry data and further developed blast furnace models, brings about a more detailed evaluation of the internal phenomena occurring inside charcoal blast furnaces and about their operating point. As industrial measurements have been carried out on small size blast furnaces, it may also bring a contribution to the archeology of early blast furnace metallurgy.

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14

Liu, Hui, Dai Dong Guo, Ting Shou Song, and Shi Quan Liu. "A Multi-Functional Resistance Furnace for Industrial Thermogravimetric Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.481.

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A multi-functional resistance furnace has been invented. Its main components include a normal resistance furnace and an electronic balance outside the furnace. The weight of the sample being heated inside the furnace was transmitted through a set of attachments and measured by the balance. Both the real-time furnace temperatures and the sample weights were recorded by a computer. Thermogravimetric curves then can be obtained. The present setup is advantageous over the traditional commercial thermogravimetric analyzers in analyzing samples with a large mass. The multi-functional furnace is cheap and may find important industrial applications such as raw materials thermal analysis or products oxidation or anti-oxidation tests.

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15

Golikov, Alexander V., and Dmitry I. Subbotin. "Damage analysis and assessment of the impact of damage on the operation of supporting structures of oil refining tube furnaces." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-3-193-202.

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Relevance. Due to the widespread use in practice, tubular furnaces were chosen as the object of study of this work. The article provides an analysis of damage to the supporting structures of oil refining tubular furnaces. The causes of damage and the physical nature of the development of damage are established. According to the results of field surveys, it was found that about 10% of the furnaces are operated with damage in the form of significant curvature of the supporting structures that developed as a result of the explosion of the gas-air mixture and the technological product inside the furnace space. The aim of the work is to analyze the damage and assess the impact of damage on the operation of the supporting structures of furnaces. Methods. The main research results were obtained by static numerical analysis of spatial models of furnace frameworks in the LIRA-SAPR software package. This complex belongs to the class of software products that implement the finite element method. Results. According to the results of calculating a series of models of structures, the effect of damage on the operation of the supporting structures of the furnace is determined. Based on the analysis of calculation data for models of tube furnaces with damage and comparison of calculation results for furnace models with structural damage identified during the survey, ways to optimize the design decisions of an industrial furnace are determined. Studies have shown the need to improve the design of tube furnaces in the direction of improving technology and improving the structural form of the supporting frame of the furnace.

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Filipponi, Mirko, Federico Rossi, Andrea Presciutti, Stefania De Ciantis, Beatrice Castellani, and Ambro Carpinelli. "Thermal Analysis of an Industrial Furnace." Energies 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2016): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9100833.

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MIHOVSKY, M., TZ TZONEV, and B. LUCHEVA. "INDUSTRIAL 2,5-TONS PLASMA-INDUCTION FURNACE." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 891, no. 1 HEAT AND MASS (December 1999): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08760.x.

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Carvalho, M. G., V. S. Semia˜o, and P. J. Coelho. "Modelling and Optimization of the NO Formation in an Industrial Glass Furnace." Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900706.

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The effects of combustion excess-air level, air preheating, and fuel composition on the nitric oxide emissions from an industrial glass furnace are studied through the use of a mathematical model. The mathematical model is based on the solution of the time-averaged form of the governing conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy, and chemical species. The k-ε turbulence model is employed for modelling the turbulence fluxes. The flame is modelled as a turbulent diffusion one and the chemical reactions associated with the heat release are assumed to be fast. The fluctuations of scalar properties are accounted for by use of a clipped-Gaussian probability density function. The thermal radiation, playing the dominant role in the heat-transfer process, is modelled using the discrete transfer method. Because of the high temperatures at which industrial glass furnaces operate a considerable amount of thermal NO is formed. The present work presents a model, based on a chemical kinetic approach, to predict the nitric oxide emissions from industrial glass furnaces. The Zeldovich mechanism, retaining the reverse reactions, is incorporated in the model in order to predict the instantaneous NO net formation rate from atmospheric nitrogen. The whole procedure is applied to a cross-fired regenerative furnace. A set of parametric studies is carried out, demonstrating the ability of the model to evaluate the influence of changes in operating conditions on the NO emissions.

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Kukartsev, Viktor A., Vladislav V. Kukartsev, and Vadim S. Tynchenko. "The Peculiarities of Smelting of Wear-Resistant Cast Iron IChH28N2 in the Induction Crucible Furnace IChT10." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.397.

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Wear-resistant cast iron smelting is produced in electric arc furnaces, due to the use of steel scrap in metal charge, ferrochrome and refund if there is one. Scrap of cast iron with the necessary chemical composition is not present because the proportion of manufacturing parts from wear-resistant cast iron is very small. Thus, there is no opportunity to form castings of wear-resistant cast iron using foundries equipped only with induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency (IChT), since the furnace is designed for melting temperatures not above 1500 °C. In addition, the lining of induction furnaces of industrial frequency is made of quartzite, which provides the necessary durability when operating at temperatures not above 1500 °C. The ability to manufacture blanks from wear-resistant cast iron gives an additional opportunity to expand the range of orders and prevent a reduction in production in factories equipped only with the smelting furnaces of the IChT. The article describes the peculiarities of smelting cast iron IChH28N2 in the furnace IChT10 with acid lining. The technology of conducting melting on pure charge materials without use of cast iron scrap and return is briefly described.

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Geldenhuys, I. J., Q. G. Reynolds, and G. Akdogan. "Evaluation of Titania-Rich Slag Produced from Titaniferous Magnetite Under Fluxless Smelting Conditions." JOM 72, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 3462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04304-3.

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Abstract Titanium-bearing magnetite ore is generically defined as magnetite with > 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is usually vanadium-bearing. The iron and titanium occur as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with vanadium oxide usually occurring within the solid solution of the titanium-bearing magnetite phase. These ores are currently widely processed in blast furnaces via modified ironmaking processes. Typically, vanadium is recovered as a by-product from the ironmaking process, while the diluted titania slag is stockpiled. Fluxless smelting in a direct-current open-arc furnace is proposed as an opportunity to improve iron and vanadium recovery and potentially unlock the titanium as a slag product. Slags produced from a pilot study are compared to industrial slags produced from ilmenite. The findings from the pilot test show that slag produced under fluxless smelting conditions in an open-arc electric furnace is remarkably similar to industrial ilmenite slags. The test conditions were varied to evaluate the slag and metal composition, and furnace operation, under increasing reducing conditions. The study showed that the slag and metal product was remarkably similar to industrial slag produced from ilmenite.

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Li, Zaoyang, Lijun Liu, Yunfeng Zhang, Qingchao Meng, Zhiyan Hu, and Genshu Zhou. "Preservation of Seed Crystals in Feedstock Melting for Cast Quasi-Single Crystalline Silicon Ingots." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/670315.

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The preservation of seed crystals is important for the casting of quasi-single crystalline (QSC) silicon ingots. We carried out transient global simulations of the feedstock melting process in an industrial-sized directional solidification (DS) furnace to investigate key factors influencing seed preservation. The power distribution between the top and side heaters is adjusted in the conventional furnace for multicrystalline silicon ingots and in the evolved furnace with a partition block for QSC silicon ingots. The evolution of the solid-liquid interface for melting and the temperature distribution in the furnace core area are analyzed. The power distribution can influence the temperature gradient in the silicon domain significantly. However, its effect on seed preservation is limited in both furnaces. Seed crystals can be preserved in the evolved furnace, as the partition block reduces the radiant heat flux from the insulation walls to the heat exchange block and prevents the heat flowing upwards under the crucible. Therefore, the key to seed preservation is to control radiant heat transfer in the DS furnace and guarantee downward heat flux under the crucible.

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Gáspár, László, and Zsolt Bencze. "Blast furnace slag in road construction and maintenance." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (March 25, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.053.

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Introduction. There is a global trend to increase the sustainability of road construction and maintenance technologies. The growing use of various industrial by-products as economical and eco-friendly construction and maintenance techniques can be observed in many countries.Problem Statement. The utilization of various forms of blast furnace slag in the road sector can be cost effective, however, several special technological measures have to be taken.PurposePresenting best practices for the use of blast furnace slag in road construction and maintenance techniques based on Hungarian and other decade-long experiences.Materials and Methods. The main types investigated are air-cooled blast furnace slag, expanded or foamed slag, pelletized slag, and granulated blast furnace slag. The utilization areas in road sector: asphalt layers, surface treatments, rut repair, hydraulically bound pavement layers, unbound base layers, frost protection layer, subgrade, cement production.Results. Presenting best practices for the use of blast furnace slag in road construction and maintenance can be beneficial for the experts of countries with limited experience in the field. Keywords: blast furnace slag, industrial by-products, road construction, road maintenance, environmental protection

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Tunckaya, Yasin. "Performance assessment of permeability index prediction in an ironmaking process via soft computing techniques." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 6 (June 7, 2016): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916654199.

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Permeability index is a crucial productivity indicator of the lower zone in blast furnaces to maintain the operation, energy consumption, and hot liquid metal production rates during the ironmaking process. Blast furnace operation parameters such as coke-to-ore ratio, wall pressures and temperatures, flame temperature, top gas pressure, temperature and composition, hot blast pressure and temperature, sounding levels, etc. and also the level of hot liquid metal and slag in the bottom of furnace, influence the permeability phenomenon directly. Hence, fluctuations and instantenous variations of permeability index parameter should be avoided by controlling inadequate drainage cycles and operational factors to achieve more efficient and stable operation in the furnaces. In this study, permeability index parameter of the Erdemir Blast Furnace #1, located in Turkey, is modeled and experimental computing work is carried out to assess the operation performance of the furnace, depending on selected input parameters. The demanding artificial intelligence and soft computing techniques, artificial neural networks and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, and a well-known statistical tool, autoregressive integrated moving average model are executed throughout the study using previous furnace data, received during one day of operation. Selected performance measures, coefficient of determination ( R2) and root mean squared error, are used to compare the forecasting accuracy of proposed models. Consequently, the most satisfactory forecasting model of the study, adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, is proposed to be integrated into the plant control system as an expert modeler.

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Tang, Xin Tong, and Chang Qing Cai. "Optimal Control of the Industrial Furnace System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3077.

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Control system of industrial furnace is optimized based on the aspect of the combustion. General goal of the control system is to achieve the lowest fuel with the constraints of ensuring the target control temperature of the equipment. And in different output and different fuel quantity conditions, the air-fuel rate is automatically optimized to achieve the goal of energy consumption combined with gas temperature of furnace temperature, oxygen and many parameters.

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Kizhatil, R. K., and R. Seshadri. "INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF THICK WALLED INDUSTRIAL FURNACE TUBES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 1993): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1993-0008.

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This paper examines various simplified methods proposed to analyze stresses and predict damage and remaining life in furnace tubes subjected to sustained primary pressure stresses and cyclic secondary thermal stresses resulting from a typical furnace operation. Operational effects such as tube fouling, firing rates, startup-shutdown cycles are considered. Component integrity assessments are carried out using some recently developed techniques. A numerical example of a furnace tube made of HK-40 material is presented, and results obtained using a non-linear finite element analysis are compared with predictions obtained using the elastic-core method.

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Zhou, Hao, Sheng Meng, Chunhong Mo, Lujun Wang, Xiukui Hu, Can Chen, Suoshan Huo, Peng Xu, Yan Huang, and Kefa Cen. "Reduced-order analysis of an oil-fuel furnace vibration and comparison with the finite element method." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 2 (May 17, 2018): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318776203.

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Thermoacoustic oscillation occurs in modern industrial furnaces, gas turbines, and liquid rockets. However, the thermoacoustic prediction tools for furnaces vibration are less developed. This paper presents a one-dimensional (1D) linear acoustic approach to analyze the three-dimensional acoustic modes of a 660 MWe oil-fuel furnace. The interaction between the flame and acoustic field is described with the flame transfer function. The global time delay is evaluated through a Reynolds averaged simulation. The results of the 1D acoustic approach are compared with real furnace test data. The unstable modes are close to the natural modes of the furnace, and the 30 Hz in the longitudinal mode is the strongest vibration frequency. The effects of inlet length reduction and separation plate removal are also examined. When the separation plates are removed, the time lag of flame in response to inlet flow decreases from 52.5 milliseconds (ms) to 43.8 ms. The results of the 1D approach and finite element method (FEM) show a same safe operation window. The reduced-order procedure and FEM adopted in this study give us a solution to mitigate the vibration in the furnace.

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Sheshukov, O. Yu, D. K. Egiazar’yan, and D. A. Lobanov. "Wasteless processing of ladle furnace and electric arc furnace slag." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-3-192-199.

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The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse of technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented by EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle furnace) slag. These two kinds of slag have no complex full utilization. The residues of slag are going to the dump and then the slag dump locations pollute the environment. However, the residues of EAF and LF slag can be transformed into the valuable industrial product by interaction of the slag components. This work presents the research for joint wasteless processing of EAF and LF slag with production of Portland clinker and cast iron. The article describes disadvantages of known methods of each slag processing; the paper also shows the significance of LF slag utilization. Design and calculations of the research are presented as well as its experiment methodology. The final results show five chemical compositions for the mixtures, which allow the complex processing of this slag without any waste left. Such processing provides the production of cast iron and Portland clinker both meeting requirements of normative documents. The paper also describes the results of viscosity measurements of slag compositions, the obtained slag phases, and presents the final temperature conditions. The work also considers the results of industrial tests for the developed processing technology and a complete technological chain involving the use of tilt rotary furnaces.

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Barreras, Marta, and Mario García-Sanz. "Model identification of a multivariable industrial furnace." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 16 (September 2003): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34799-7.

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Mantha,, D., and R. G. Reddy,. "Viscosities of Industrial Lead Blast Furnace Slags." High Temperature Materials and Processes 24, no. 1 (February 2005): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2005.24.1.73.

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El-Behery, Samy M., A. A. Hussien, H. Kotb, and Mostafa El-Shafie. "Performance evaluation of industrial glass furnace regenerator." Energy 119 (January 2017): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.077.

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Stognei, V. G., V. S. Lagunov, and V. V. Trapeznikov. "Pore cooling for lined industrial-furnace doors." Refractories 29, no. 5-6 (May 1988): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01293369.

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Ishii, T., C. Zhang, and S. Sugiyama. "Numerical Simulations of Highly Preheated Air Combustion in an Industrial Furnace." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795048.

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The numerical simulations of reactive turbulent flows and heat transfer in an industrial slab reheat furnace in which the combustion air is highly preheated have been carried out. The influence of the ratio of the air and fuel injection velocities on the NOx production rate in the furnace has also been studied numerically. A moment closure method with the assumed β probability density function (PDF) for mixture fraction was used in the present work to model the turbulent non-premixed combustion process in the furnace. The combustion model was based on the assumption of instantaneous full chemical equilibrium. The turbulence was modeled by the standard k-ε model with a wall function. The numerical simulations have provided complete information on the flow, heat, and mass transfer in the furnace. The results also indicate that a low NOx emission and high heating efficiency can be achieved in the slab reheat furnace by using low NOx regenerative burners. It is found that the air/fuel injection velocity ratio has a strong influence on the NOx production rate in the furnace.

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van Limpt, Hans, Ruud Beerkens, and Marco van Kersbergen. "Effect of Small Glass Composition Changes on Flue Gas Emissions of Glass Furnaces." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.653.

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Relatively small changes in glass composition might have drastic consequences on the evaporation rates of volatile glass components in glass melting furnaces. Transpiration evaporation tests have been applied to measure the impact of minor glass composition changes on the evaporation rates of volatile glass components in simulated furnace atmospheres. The results of these laboratory evaporation tests were used to develop and optimize an universally applicable evaporation model to estimate evaporation rates and dust emissions for industrial glass melt furnaces. Mass transfer relations for the transport of volatile glass melt species into the turbulent gas phase were used to upscale the evaporation models valid for the lab tests to applications for industrial glass furnaces. In this paper, the impact of sulfur and chlorides on the evaporation rates of sodium and potassium from multi-component silicate melts for industrial glass production will be demonstrated.

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Havryliv, Roman, and Vоlоdymyr Maystruk. "Development of Combustion Model in the Industrial Cyclone-Calciner Furnace Using CFD-Modeling." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.01.071.

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35

Gerdes, T., Monika Willert-Porada, Ho Seon Park, and A. Schmidt. "Production Scale m³ Batch Furnace for Hybrid-Heating and Microwave Sintering." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.869.

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Production scale inert atmosphere microwave sintering has not been successful yet, mainly because of lack of suitable equipment. For sintering in air microwave furnaces are available at different industrial scale, e.g., gas-microwave hybrid heated batch kilns or microwave “adiabatic casket” tunnel kiln [1]. Inert atmosphere furnaces require vacuum and gastight coupling of microwave energy. In the State of the Art technology, microwave-coupling windows represent a heat sink inside the sintering furnace. Although, radiation heat loss at temperatures > 1600 °C can be reduced by using a thermally insulating casket inside the microwave furnace, heat loss and temperature gradients caused by the microwave transparent windows are still not acceptable. Therefore, a new concept was developed assisted heating in inert atmosphere sintering furnaces, enabling high power microwave coupling by means of high temperature resistant antennas [2]. This paper presents microwave sintering results of commercial powder metallurgical (PM)-parts, details of the antenna system and the processing technology.

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Prasertsook, Somsak. "Research and Development of Non-Ferrous Melting Energy." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.547.

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The objective of this research is to develop an existing crucible furnace fueled by diesel fuel into an energy saving LPG fueled furnace. The Non- ferrous melting furnace will be used to melt Aluminium and Copper alloys. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The furnace and equipment improvements outlined in this research will save an average fuel cost of 26.90 percent when using diesel oil. 2. When comparing the use of LPG fuel with diesel oil to melt aluminium alloy, LPG use results in an average cost saving of 43.18 percent as compared to diesel, while copper alloy melting results in an average cost saving of 50.83 percent. The world energy crisis has impacted economic growth in the developing countries mainly due to the high costs of importing energy such as crude oil from middle eastern countries where the high price of the oil has lead to a higher cost of products. Thus manufacturers must consider this when embarking of significant capital expenditure. It is believed that alternative energy is the way to relieve the energy crisis situation. Using suitable energy is one way to save on production costs. Foundries which produce non - ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper Alloy still use oil crucible furnaces as the source of heat energy. If they change the energy source from oil to be liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) the melting cost will be decreased. This research was the experimentally conducted by melting non - ferrous metals within a crucible furnace using either LPG or diesel oil and then comparing the consumption levels. Before the experiment we modified an existing crucible furnace which used diesel oil to be the experiment furnace. However for reference data this researcher took the Capacity table of crucible furnaces from Pyro - Industrial Systems Company U.S.A.

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Ganin, D. R., V. G. Druzhkov, A. A. Panychev, and A. Yu Fuks. "Analysis of indices and operation improvement conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” blast furnace shop." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-46-54.

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For elaborating of measures to improve the blast furnace technology, it is necessary to analyze production data related to blast furnaces operation. Estimation of technical level of blast furnace production in conditions of JSC “Ural Steel” was the aim of the study. Data on chemical composition of casted iron produced and burden materials quoted, as well as data on iron ore materials consumption, sinter grain-size distribution, pellets chemical composition and strength characteristics, coke mechanical strength and grain-size distribution. Results of analysis presented of production operation indices of Nos 1–4 blast furnaces within a five years period, the furnaces having net volumes 1007, 1033, 1513 and 2002 m3 correspondently. Periods of non-stable furnaces operation with long stops and repairs were excluded from the analyzed data. It was determined that iron and manganese oxide contents in the sinter are presented at lower level comparing with most of sintering plants of European Communities and Japan. Fine fraction less 5 mm content is considerably higher than the index for sinter, produced at other sintering plants of Russia, as well as of developed nations. Laboratory study and experimental-industrial tests at JSC “Ural Steel” confirm reasonability of the following mineral additives utilization in sintering process, delivered into the sintering burden by sludge: brown iron ore, bentonite clay, serpentinite-magnesites, that enables to increase suitable sinter yield, productivity of sintering machines, sinter impact strength. A necessity to optimize blast furnace slags chemical composition by relation SiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/MgO determined to improve scull formation conditions and elimination of coolers mass burning-through. To improve the technical and economic indices of JSC “Ural Steel blast furnaces operation some measures on the plant blast furnace technology modification proposed.

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Kukartsev, Viktor A., Vladislav V. Kukartsev, and Vadim S. Tynchenko. "Cast Iron and Steel Smelting in Induction Crucible Furnaces of Industrial Frequency." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.530.

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A brief analysis of the cast iron and steel smelting in induction furnaces of industrial and medium frequency has been carried out. The analysis of the used metal scrap for the smelting of synthetic iron in induction melting furnaces with a padded lining of a lining mixture, based on quartzite, is carried out. The requirements for temperature melting modes, which are regulated by this type of melting furnaces developers, are reflected. The advantages and disadvantages of using induction crucible furnaces of industrial and medium frequency are considered. The features of smelting synthetic pig iron in Russia are noted, the main of which are the following: the absence of cast iron scrap, which makes it necessary to use a metal scrap from a single steel scrap, and use temperature melting conditions above 1450 ° C; use a lining based on quartzite, as the cheapest, but sharply reducing its resistance to the operation of the furnace at such melting temperatures (from 300-350 to 200-250 smelts). The actuality of the possibility of steel smelting in induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency with the use of acid lining, based on the Pervouralsk quartzite, is substantiated. It is explained by the fact that existing foundries are equipped mainly with induction melting furnaces of industrial frequency, and the use of induction melting furnaces of medium frequency requires considerable material costs.

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Smalcerz, A., B. Oleksiak, and G. Siwiec. "The Influence A Crucible Arrangement On The Electrical Efficiency Of The Cold Crucible Induction Furnace." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 1711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0295.

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AbstractA big interest in application of cold crucible furnace (CCF) for industrial, particularly metallurgical, processes has been observed in recent years. They are mainly utilised for melting of metal, glass and other materials. Analyses of processes that occur in such devices are performed; however, computer modelling is rarely applied. As a precise determination of the electromagnetic field distribution is essential for a proper analysis of processes in furnaces with cold crucibles, a complex 3D model development is necessary. In the paper, effects of a crucible design and current frequency on the efficiency of the induction furnace with cold crucible are presented. Numerical calculations were performed with the use of the Flux 3D professional software.

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40

MacRosty, Richard D. M., and Christopher L. E. Swartz. "Dynamic Modeling of an Industrial Electric Arc Furnace." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 21 (October 2005): 8067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie050101b.

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41

Patrascioiu, Cristian, and Vasile Marinoiu. "Modelling and Optimal Control of an Industrial Furnace." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 11 (June 1998): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44972-x.

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42

Obika, Masanobu, and Toru Yamamoto. "Energy-saving inferential control system for industrial furnace." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 138, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.138.480.

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43

Nieckele, Angela O., Mo^nica F. Naccache, and Marcos S. P. Gomes. "Numerical Modeling of an Industrial Aluminum Melting Furnace." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 126, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1625396.

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For the present work, a numerical simulation of the 100% oxy-firing combustion process inside an industrial aluminum remelting reverb furnace is presented. Three different configurations were analyzed: (i) a staged combustion process with parallel injection jets for oxygen and natural gas, (ii) a staged combustion process with a divergent jet for the oxygen, and (iii) a non-staged combustion process, with parallel jets. In all the cases, the injections were directed towards the aluminum bath, which was maintained at constant temperature. The numerical procedure was based on the finite volume formulation. The κ-ε model of turbulence was selected for simulating the turbulent flow field. The combustion process was calculated based on the finite rate models of Arrhenius and Magnussen, and the Discrete Transfer Radiation model was employed for predicting the radiation heat transfer. The numerical predictions allowed the determination of the flame patterns, species concentration distribution, temperature and velocity fields. This kind of analysis can be a powerful tool for evaluating design options such as the type, number and positioning of the burners. The present work illustrates a preliminary comparison of three types of burners. From the results obtained, the staged combustion process with a divergent jet presented the best configuration, since the flame length was not too long as to damage the refractory wall. Further it presented the largest region with low water vapor concentration close to the aluminum surface.

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44

Obika, Masanobu, and Toru Yamamoto. "Energy-saving inferential control of an industrial furnace." Electronics and Communications in Japan 101, no. 9 (July 20, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12108.

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45

Cassiano, J., M. V. Heitor, and T. F. Silva. "Combustion tests on an industrial glass-melting furnace." Fuel 73, no. 10 (October 1994): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90144-9.

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46

Blostein, Ph, M. Devaux, and M. Grant. "Use of industrial gases in blast-furnace operation." Metallurgist 55, no. 7-8 (November 2011): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-011-9467-6.

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47

Lubyanoi, D. A., S. A. Fomkin, A. V. Kukharenko, D. D. Lubyanoi, A. V. Markidonov, and Yu N. Soina-Kutishcheva. "Regarding a technology of Sulphur removal in acidic induction furnaces." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 6 (July 26, 2019): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-6-689-694.

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Sulphurremoval is a rather complicated metallurgical task, which require implementation of new energy-saving technologies, including metal desulphurization in induction furnaces. Results of analysis of different methods of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces. A technology of hot metal refining with Sulphurremoval by basic slags by extraction mechanism in the acidic induction furnaces proposed, tested and implemented at several plants. The essence of the xtraction mechanism applied to desulphurization method is as follows: particles of calcic slag involved by electromagnetic flows deep into an induction furnace. The surface layer of slag particles deoxidizes by carbon of the metal and silicon, resulting in the Sulphursolubility increases sharply due to its absorption by the metal surface layer of slag particles. Next, the metal flows deliver to the surface the slag particles saturated by Sulphur, the surface contacted with the furnace atmosphere, where the surface layer of slag particles is oxidized by oxygen of the atmosphere. It results in the Sulphursolubility decreasing sharply and after precipitating out of the slag; it oxidizes by oxygen to SO2 and removes into the furnace atmosphere. The process repeats multiply. The mechanism of theSulphur removal in the induction furnaces with acidic lining was studied at OJSC ZSMK foundry shop using IChT-10M furnaces when melting hot metal for melt bases and warmth-keeping jackets. To increase the proposed technology efficiency, the influence of different technological parameters on the rate and degree of metal desulphurization in the acidic induction furnaces of industrial frequency studied. Results of the study allowed to make a conclusion that induction furnaces, traditionally used for smelting of burden materials, convert into active refining melting facilities.

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Dauletbakov, T. S., A. R. Mambetaliyeva, N. K. Dosmukhamedov, F. R. Zhandauletova, and G. Z. Moldabaeva. "Complex Processing of Industrial Products and Lead-Copper Concentrates." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 4 (April 2, 2016): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj274.

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This article describes the modern technologies of processing of industrial products and copper-lead waste products, and their physical and chemical properties as well as laboratory tests for processing slurries and zinc slags. Experiments have shown that the temperature of the melt in the reduction of lead-containing slag should be within 1100–1200 °C. The key criteria for separating melting products to different phases are the difference in density, viscosity and surface tension of the melted slag. The separation of the molten slag to the phases and the reduction of the settling time of the melt in the furnace will be promoted by the increasing the density and surface tension of the lead and matte-molten slag, and reduction in viscosity of the latter. The processing of lead-copper-zinc containing sulfide raw material was carried by the reduction smelting method and the purging of melt with a natural gas at a rectangular electric furnace. Dust collection system was connected to the furnace through the duct work. The feedstock loading was carried out through the furnace crown. The purging of melt with natural gas was performed after the melting of the charge using the immersed gas supply tube. The gaseous products were derived from the melting furnace through the flue. The gas supply tube was fitted with a gear system to adjust the depth of the tube immersion. As results of experiments were obtained sharply separable intermediates with a high degree of concentration: lead into lead bullion to 92–94%; copper into matte to 90–91%; zinc to the slag and sublimates to 94–96%. Thus the material costs for processing of copper matte and zinc slag will be reduced and the yield of sublimates consisting primarily of vapor and metallic zinc sulfide will be decreased.

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Higuchi, Masashi, Kota Suzuki, Keiichi Katayama, Toshiki Nakamura, Akira Kagohashi, Akihiro Kinoshita, and Hiromitsu Suzuki. "Preparation of Cathode Materials for a Lithium-Ion Battery Using an Industrial Microwave Furnace." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.113.

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Cathode materials for a lithium-ion battery were prepared using an industrial microwave furnace. The prepared materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical properties. Single-phase LiMn2O4 powders could be prepared in a few minutes using an industrial microwave furnace. The obtained results showed that this microwave heating method is a promising industrial technique for efficient preparation of cathode materials.

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Meng, Zhi Yong, Chen Meng Sui, and Lei Liu. "Research of the Industrial Furnace Temperature Control Based on DMC Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2240.

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By introducing the existing lack of industrial temperature control algorithm is applied, leads to the advantage of DMC algorithm industrial furnace temperature control, the next from the prediction model, rolling optimization, feedback correction of the three aspects of the principle of DMC algorithm is fully explained, on this basis, the preparation of Matlab procedures, simulation of the DMC algorithm in industrial furnace temperature control, thus indicating DMC algorithm in the field of industrial temperature measurement is a method should be promoted.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial Furnace'

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